Investments | INVESTMENTS Fixed Maturities and Equity Securities The following tables set forth information relating to fixed maturities and equity securities (excluding investments classified as trading), as of the dates indicated: December 31, 2017 Amortized Cost or Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value OTTI in AOCI(4) (in millions) Fixed maturities, available-for-sale: U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies $ 22,837 $ 3,647 $ 346 $ 26,138 $ 0 Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions 9,366 1,111 6 10,471 0 Foreign government bonds 88,062 15,650 293 103,419 0 U.S. corporate public securities 81,967 8,671 414 90,224 (10 ) U.S. corporate private securities(1) 31,852 2,051 169 33,734 (13 ) Foreign corporate public securities 26,389 3,118 99 29,408 (5 ) Foreign corporate private securities 23,322 1,242 337 24,227 0 Asset-backed securities(2) 11,965 278 10 12,233 (237 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 13,134 238 91 13,281 0 Residential mortgage-backed securities(3) 3,491 165 11 3,645 (2 ) Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale(1) $ 312,385 $ 36,171 $ 1,776 $ 346,780 $ (267 ) Equity securities, available-for-sale $ 4,147 $ 2,056 $ 29 $ 6,174 December 31, 2017 Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value (in millions) Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity: Foreign government bonds $ 865 $ 265 $ 0 $ 1,130 Foreign corporate public securities 654 82 0 736 Foreign corporate private securities(5) 84 2 0 86 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 0 0 0 0 Residential mortgage-backed securities(3) 446 32 0 478 Total fixed maturities, held-to-maturity(5) $ 2,049 $ 381 $ 0 $ 2,430 __________ (1) Excludes notes with amortized cost of $2,660 million (fair value, $2,660 million ), which have been offset with the associated payables under a netting agreement. (2) Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by loan obligations, sub-prime mortgages, auto loans, credit cards, education loans and other asset types. (3) Includes publicly-traded agency pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations. (4) Represents the amount of unrealized losses remaining in AOCI, from the impairment measurement date. Amount excludes $553 million of net unrealized gains on impaired available-for-sale securities and $2 million of net unrealized gains on impaired held-to-maturity securities relating to changes in the value of such securities subsequent to the impairment measurement date. (5) Excludes notes with amortized cost of $4,627 million (fair value, $4,913 million ), which have been offset with the associated payables under a netting agreement. December 31, 2016 Amortized Cost or Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value OTTI in AOCI(4) (in millions) Fixed maturities, available-for-sale: U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies $ 21,505 $ 3,280 $ 1,001 $ 23,784 $ 0 Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions 9,060 716 84 9,692 0 Foreign government bonds 79,862 16,748 354 96,256 0 U.S. corporate public securities 76,383 6,460 1,232 81,611 (17 ) U.S. corporate private securities(1) 29,974 2,122 308 31,788 (22 ) Foreign corporate public securities 25,758 2,784 305 28,237 (6 ) Foreign corporate private securities 21,383 646 1,149 20,880 0 Asset-backed securities(2) 11,759 229 53 11,935 (288 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 12,589 240 125 12,704 (1 ) Residential mortgage-backed securities(3) 4,308 238 14 4,532 (3 ) Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale(1) $ 292,581 $ 33,463 $ 4,625 $ 321,419 $ (337 ) Equity securities, available-for-sale $ 7,149 $ 2,641 $ 42 $ 9,748 December 31, 2016 Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value (in millions) Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity: Foreign government bonds $ 839 $ 262 $ 0 $ 1,101 Foreign corporate public securities 651 71 0 722 Foreign corporate private securities(5) 81 4 0 85 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 0 0 0 0 Residential mortgage-backed securities(3) 573 43 0 616 Total fixed maturities, held-to-maturity(5) $ 2,144 $ 380 $ 0 $ 2,524 __________ (1) Excludes notes with amortized cost of $1,456 million (fair value, $1,456 million ), which have been offset with the associated payables under a netting agreement. (2) Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by loan obligations, sub-prime mortgages, auto loans, credit cards, education loans and other asset types. (3) Includes publicly-traded agency pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations. (4) Represents the amount of unrealized losses remaining in AOCI, from the impairment measurement date. Amount excludes $649 million of net unrealized gains on impaired available-for-sale securities and $1 million of net unrealized gains on impaired held-to-maturity securities relating to changes in the value of such securities subsequent to the impairment measurement date. (5) Excludes notes with amortized cost of $4,403 million (fair value, $4,403 million ), which have been offset with the associated payables under a netting agreement. The following tables set forth the fair value and gross unrealized losses aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual fixed maturity and equity securities had been in a continuous unrealized loss position, as of the dates indicated: December 31, 2017 Less Than Twelve Months Total Fair Gross Fair Gross Fair Gross (in millions) Fixed maturities(1): U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies $ 3,450 $ 28 $ 6,391 $ 318 $ 9,841 $ 346 Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions 44 0 287 6 331 6 Foreign government bonds 4,417 55 2,937 238 7,354 293 U.S. corporate public securities 7,914 110 6,831 304 14,745 414 U.S. corporate private securities 4,596 76 2,009 93 6,605 169 Foreign corporate public securities 2,260 21 1,678 78 3,938 99 Foreign corporate private securities 1,213 20 5,339 317 6,552 337 Asset-backed securities 564 2 366 8 930 10 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 2,593 17 2,212 74 4,805 91 Residential mortgage-backed securities 584 4 286 7 870 11 Total $ 27,635 $ 333 $ 28,336 $ 1,443 $ 55,971 $ 1,776 Equity securities, available-for-sale $ 358 $ 28 $ 0 $ 1 $ 358 $ 29 __________ (1) Includes $12 million of fair value and less than $1 million of gross unrealized losses, which are not reflected in AOCI, on securities classified as held-to-maturity, as of December 31, 2017 . December 31, 2016 Less Than Twelve Months Total Fair Gross Fair Gross Fair Gross (in millions) Fixed maturities(1): U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies $ 9,345 $ 1,001 $ 0 $ 0 $ 9,345 $ 1,001 Obligations of U.S. states and their political subdivisions 2,677 79 19 5 2,696 84 Foreign government bonds 6,076 325 310 29 6,386 354 U.S. corporate public securities 22,803 905 2,943 327 25,746 1,232 U.S. corporate private securities 7,797 228 1,296 80 9,093 308 Foreign corporate public securities 5,196 162 1,047 143 6,243 305 Foreign corporate private securities 6,557 350 4,916 799 11,473 1,149 Asset-backed securities 2,357 20 1,581 33 3,938 53 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 4,879 123 60 2 4,939 125 Residential mortgage-backed securities 926 12 78 2 1,004 14 Total $ 68,613 $ 3,205 $ 12,250 $ 1,420 $ 80,863 $ 4,625 Equity securities, available-for-sale $ 637 $ 41 $ 12 $ 1 $ 649 $ 42 __________ (1) Includes $12 million of fair value and less than $1 million of gross unrealized losses, which are not reflected in AOCI, on securities classified as held-to-maturity, as of December 31, 2016 . As of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , the gross unrealized losses on fixed maturity securities were composed of $1,470 million and $4,233 million , respectively, related to “1” highest quality or “2” high quality securities based on the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”) or equivalent rating and $306 million and $392 million , respectively, related to other than high or highest quality securities based on NAIC or equivalent rating. As of December 31, 2017 , the $1,443 million of gross unrealized losses on fixed maturity securities of twelve months or more were concentrated in U.S. government bonds, foreign government bonds and in the Company’s corporate securities within the energy, utility and consumer non-cyclical sectors. As of December 31, 2016 , the $1,420 million of gross unrealized losses on fixed maturity securities of twelve months or more were concentrated in the Company’s corporate securities within the energy, utility and capital goods sectors. In accordance with its policy described in Note 2, the Company concluded that an adjustment to earnings for OTTI for these fixed maturity securities was not warranted at either December 31, 2017 or 2016 . These conclusions were based on a detailed analysis of the underlying credit and cash flows on each security. Gross unrealized losses are primarily attributable to general credit spread widening, increases in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rate movements. As of December 31, 2017 , the Company did not intend to sell these securities, and it was not more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell these securities before the anticipated recovery of the remaining amortized cost basis. As of December 31, 2017 , $8 million of the gross unrealized losses on equity securities represented declines in value of 20% or more, $5 million of which had been in a gross unrealized loss position for less than six months. As of December 31, 2016 , $9 million of the gross unrealized losses on equity securities represented declines in value of 20% or more, $8 million of which had been in a gross unrealized loss position for less than six months. In accordance with its policy described in Note 2, the Company concluded that an adjustment to earnings for OTTI for these equity securities was not warranted at either December 31, 2017 or 2016 . The following table sets forth the amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturities by contractual maturities, as of the date indicated: December 31, 2017 Available-for-Sale Held-to-Maturity Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value (in millions) Fixed maturities: Due in one year or less $ 8,244 $ 8,711 $ 0 $ 0 Due after one year through five years 47,967 51,936 176 183 Due after five years through ten years 69,445 75,596 565 642 Due after ten years(1) 158,139 181,378 862 1,127 Asset-backed securities 11,965 12,233 0 0 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 13,134 13,281 0 0 Residential mortgage-backed securities 3,491 3,645 446 478 Total $ 312,385 $ 346,780 $ 2,049 $ 2,430 __________ (1) Excludes available-for-sale notes with amortized cost of $2,660 million (fair value, $2,660 million ) and held-to-maturity notes with amortized cost of $4,627 million (fair value, $4,913 million ), which have been offset with the associated payables under a netting agreement. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations. Asset-backed, commercial mortgage-backed and residential mortgage-backed securities are shown separately in the table above, as they do not have a single maturity date. The following table sets forth the sources of fixed maturity and equity security proceeds and related investment gains (losses), as well as losses on impairments of both fixed maturities and equity securities, for the periods indicated: Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 (in millions) Fixed maturities, available-for-sale: Proceeds from sales(1) $ 34,002 $ 29,878 $ 27,679 Proceeds from maturities/prepayments 24,460 19,710 19,559 Gross investment gains from sales and maturities 1,548 1,433 2,115 Gross investment losses from sales and maturities (700 ) (545 ) (340 ) OTTI recognized in earnings(2) (267 ) (222 ) (141 ) Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity: Proceeds from maturities/prepayments(3) $ 153 $ 272 $ 235 Equity securities, available-for-sale: Proceeds from sales(4) $ 4,552 $ 3,504 $ 4,589 Gross investment gains from sales 1,187 608 746 Gross investment losses from sales (94 ) (158 ) (169 ) OTTI recognized in earnings (27 ) (74 ) (126 ) __________ (1) Includes $218 million , $(125) million and $158 million of non-cash related proceeds for the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively. (2) Excludes the portion of OTTI recorded in “Other comprehensive income (loss)” (“OCI”), representing any difference between the fair value of the impaired debt security and the net present value of its projected future cash flows at the time of impairment. (3) Includes $(2) million , $1 million and less than $1 million of non-cash related proceeds for the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively. (4) Includes $2 million , $2 million and $12 million of non-cash related proceeds for the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively. The following table sets forth the amount of pre-tax credit loss impairments on fixed maturity securities held by the Company for which a portion of the OTTI loss was recognized in OCI and the corresponding changes in such amounts, for the periods indicated: Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 (in millions) Balance, beginning of period $ 359 $ 532 New credit loss impairments 10 41 Additional credit loss impairments on securities previously impaired 11 1 Increases due to the passage of time on previously recorded credit losses 15 24 Reductions for securities which matured, paid down, prepaid or were sold during the period (58 ) (229 ) Reductions for securities impaired to fair value during the period(1) (13 ) (2 ) Accretion of credit loss impairments previously recognized due to an increase in cash flows expected to be collected (5 ) (8 ) Balance, end of period $ 319 $ 359 __________ (1) Represents circumstances where the Company determined in the current period that it intends to sell the security or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of the security’s amortized cost. Trading Account Assets Supporting Insurance Liabilities The following table sets forth the composition of “Trading account assets supporting insurance liabilities,” as of the dates indicated: December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 Amortized Cost or Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost or Cost Fair Value (in millions) Short-term investments and cash equivalents $ 245 $ 245 $ 655 $ 655 Fixed maturities: Corporate securities 13,816 14,073 13,903 13,997 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 2,294 2,311 2,032 2,052 Residential mortgage-backed securities(1) 961 966 1,142 1,150 Asset-backed securities(2) 1,363 1,392 1,333 1,349 Foreign government bonds 1,050 1,057 915 926 U.S. government authorities and agencies and obligations of U.S. states 357 410 330 376 Total fixed maturities 19,841 20,209 19,655 19,850 Equity securities 1,278 1,643 1,097 1,335 Total trading account assets supporting insurance liabilities $ 21,364 $ 22,097 $ 21,407 $ 21,840 __________ (1) Includes publicly-traded agency pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations. (2) Includes credit-tranched securities collateralized by sub-prime mortgages, auto loans, credit cards, education loans and other asset types. The net change in unrealized gains (losses) from trading account assets supporting insurance liabilities still held at period end, recorded within “Other income,” was $300 million , $75 million and $(642) million during the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively. Other Trading Account Assets The following table sets forth the composition of “Other trading account assets,” as of the dates indicated: December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 Amortized Cost or Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost or Cost Fair Value (in millions) Short-term investments and cash equivalents $ 25 $ 25 $ 26 $ 26 Fixed maturities 3,509 3,507 3,634 3,453 Equity securities 1,007 1,155 985 1,056 Other 6 7 4 5 Subtotal $ 4,547 4,694 $ 4,649 4,540 Derivative instruments 1,058 1,224 Total other trading account assets $ 5,752 $ 5,764 The net change in unrealized gains (losses) from other trading account assets, excluding derivative instruments, still held at period end, recorded within “Other income,” was $256 million , $164 million and $(366) million during the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively. Concentrations of Financial Instruments The Company monitors its concentrations of financial instruments and mitigates credit risk by maintaining a diversified investment portfolio which limits exposure to any one issuer. As of the dates indicated, the Company’s exposure to concentrations of credit risk of single issuers greater than 10% of the Company’s stockholders’ equity included securities of the U.S. government and certain U.S. government agencies and securities guaranteed by the U.S. government, as well as the securities disclosed below: December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value (in millions) Investments in Japanese government and government agency securities: Fixed maturities, available-for-sale $ 64,628 $ 76,311 $ 60,240 $ 73,051 Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity 844 1,103 818 1,075 Trading account assets supporting insurance liabilities 657 667 537 550 Other trading account assets 23 23 16 16 Total $ 66,152 $ 78,104 $ 61,611 $ 74,692 December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value (in millions) Investments in South Korean government and government agency securities: Fixed maturities, available-for-sale $ 9,425 $ 10,989 $ 7,581 $ 9,435 Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity 0 0 0 0 Trading account assets supporting insurance liabilities 15 15 44 44 Other trading account assets 0 0 0 0 Total $ 9,440 $ 11,004 $ 7,625 $ 9,479 Commercial Mortgage and Other Loans The following table sets forth the composition of “Commercial mortgage and other loans,” as of the dates indicated: December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 Amount (in millions) % of Total Amount (in millions) % of Total Commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans by property type: Office $ 12,670 22.9 % $ 12,424 23.9 % Retail 8,543 15.5 8,555 16.5 Apartments/Multi-Family 15,465 28.0 13,733 26.4 Industrial 9,451 17.1 8,075 15.5 Hospitality 2,067 3.7 2,274 4.4 Other 3,888 7.0 3,966 7.6 Total commercial mortgage loans 52,084 94.2 49,027 94.3 Agricultural property loans 3,203 5.8 2,958 5.7 Total commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans by property type 55,287 100.0 % 51,985 100.0 % Valuation allowance (100 ) (98 ) Total net commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans by property type 55,187 51,887 Other loans: Uncollateralized loans 663 638 Residential property loans 196 252 Other collateralized loans 5 10 Total other loans 864 900 Valuation allowance (6 ) (8 ) Total net other loans 858 892 Total commercial mortgage and other loans(1) $ 56,045 $ 52,779 __________ (1) Includes loans held for sale which are carried at fair value and are collateralized primarily by apartment complexes. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , the net carrying value of these loans was $593 million and $519 million , respectively. As of December 31, 2017 , the commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans were geographically dispersed throughout the United States (with the largest concentrations in California ( 27% ), Texas ( 9% ) and New York ( 9% )) and included loans secured by properties in Europe ( 6% ) and Asia ( 1% ). The following tables set forth the activity in the allowance for credit losses for commercial mortgage and other loans, as of the dates indicated: December 31, 2017 Commercial Mortgage Loans Agricultural Property Loans Residential Property Loans Other Collateralized Loans Uncollateralized Loans Total (in millions) Allowance for credit losses: Balance, beginning of year $ 96 $ 2 $ 2 $ 0 $ 6 $ 106 Addition to (release of) allowance for losses 2 1 (1 ) 0 (1 ) 1 Charge-offs, net of recoveries (1 ) 0 0 0 0 (1 ) Change in foreign exchange 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total ending balance $ 97 $ 3 $ 1 $ 0 $ 5 $ 106 December 31, 2016 Commercial Mortgage Loans Agricultural Property Loans Residential Property Loans Other Collateralized Loans Uncollateralized Loans Total (in millions) Allowance for credit losses: Balance, beginning of year $ 97 $ 2 $ 3 $ 0 $ 10 $ 112 Addition to (release of) allowance for losses 0 0 (1 ) 0 (5 ) (6 ) Charge-offs, net of recoveries (1 ) 0 0 0 0 (1 ) Change in foreign exchange 0 0 0 0 1 1 Total ending balance $ 96 $ 2 $ 2 $ 0 $ 6 $ 106 The following tables set forth the allowance for credit losses and the recorded investment in commercial mortgage and other loans, as of the dates indicated: December 31, 2017 Commercial Mortgage Loans Agricultural Property Loans Residential Property Loans Other Collateralized Loans Uncollateralized Loans Total (in millions) Allowance for credit losses: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 7 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 7 Collectively evaluated for impairment 90 3 1 0 5 99 Total ending balance(1) $ 97 $ 3 $ 1 $ 0 $ 5 $ 106 Recorded investment(2): Individually evaluated for impairment $ 75 $ 39 $ 0 $ 0 $ 2 $ 116 Collectively evaluated for impairment 52,009 3,164 196 5 661 56,035 Total ending balance(1) $ 52,084 $ 3,203 $ 196 $ 5 $ 663 $ 56,151 __________ (1) As of December 31, 2017 , there were no loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality. (2) Recorded investment reflects the carrying value gross of related allowance. December 31, 2016 Commercial Mortgage Loans Agricultural Property Loans Residential Property Loans Other Collateralized Loans Uncollateralized Loans Total (in millions) Allowance for credit losses: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 6 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 6 Collectively evaluated for impairment 90 2 2 0 6 100 Total ending balance(1) $ 96 $ 2 $ 2 $ 0 $ 6 $ 106 Recorded investment(2): Individually evaluated for impairment $ 116 $ 30 $ 0 $ 0 $ 2 $ 148 Collectively evaluated for impairment 48,911 2,928 252 10 636 52,737 Total ending balance(1) $ 49,027 $ 2,958 $ 252 $ 10 $ 638 $ 52,885 __________ (1) As of December 31, 2016 , there were no loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality. (2) Recorded investment reflects the carrying value gross of related allowance. The following tables set forth certain key credit quality indicators based upon the recorded investment gross of allowance for credit losses, as of the date indicated: Commercial mortgage loans December 31, 2017 Debt Service Coverage Ratio > 1.2X 1.0X to <1.2X < 1.0X Total (in millions) Loan-to-Value Ratio: 0%-59.99% $ 30,082 $ 639 $ 251 $ 30,972 60%-69.99% 13,658 530 121 14,309 70%-79.99% 5,994 514 29 6,537 80% or greater 93 54 119 266 Total commercial mortgage loans $ 49,827 $ 1,737 $ 520 $ 52,084 Agricultural property loans December 31, 2017 Debt Service Coverage Ratio > 1.2X 1.0X to <1.2X < 1.0X Total (in millions) Loan-to-Value Ratio: 0%-59.99% $ 2,988 $ 170 $ 5 $ 3,163 60%-69.99% 40 0 0 40 70%-79.99% 0 0 0 0 80% or greater 0 0 0 0 Total agricultural property loans $ 3,028 $ 170 $ 5 $ 3,203 Total commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans December 31, 2017 Debt Service Coverage Ratio > 1.2X 1.0X to <1.2X < 1.0X Total (in millions) Loan-to-Value Ratio: 0%-59.99% $ 33,070 $ 809 $ 256 $ 34,135 60%-69.99% 13,698 530 121 14,349 70%-79.99% 5,994 514 29 6,537 80% or greater 93 54 119 266 Total commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans $ 52,855 $ 1,907 $ 525 $ 55,287 The following tables set forth certain key credit quality indicators based upon the recorded investment gross of allowance for credit losses, as of the date indicated: Commercial mortgage loans December 31, 2016 Debt Service Coverage Ratio > 1.2X 1.0X to <1.2X < 1.0X Total (in millions) Loan-to-Value Ratio: 0%-59.99% $ 28,131 $ 446 $ 626 $ 29,203 60%-69.99% 12,608 401 115 13,124 70%-79.99% 5,383 694 56 6,133 80% or greater 373 62 132 567 Total commercial mortgage loans $ 46,495 $ 1,603 $ 929 $ 49,027 Agricultural property loans December 31, 2016 Debt Service Coverage Ratio > 1.2X 1.0X to <1.2X < 1.0X Total (in millions) Loan-to-Value Ratio: 0%-59.99% $ 2,803 $ 114 $ 17 $ 2,934 60%-69.99% 24 0 0 24 70%-79.99% 0 0 0 0 80% or greater 0 0 0 0 Total agricultural property loans $ 2,827 $ 114 $ 17 $ 2,958 Total commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans December 31, 2016 Debt Service Coverage Ratio > 1.2X 1.0X to <1.2X < 1.0X Total (in millions) Loan-to-Value Ratio: 0%-59.99% $ 30,934 $ 560 $ 643 $ 32,137 60%-69.99% 12,632 401 115 13,148 70%-79.99% 5,383 694 56 6,133 80% or greater 373 62 132 567 Total commercial mortgage and agricultural property loans $ 49,322 $ 1,717 $ 946 $ 51,985 The following tables set forth an aging of past due commercial mortgage and other loans based upon the recorded investment gross of allowance for credit losses, as well as the amount of commercial mortgage and other loans on non-accrual status, as of the dates indicated: December 31, 2017 Current 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due(1) Total Past Due Total Loans Non-Accrual Status(2) (in millions) Commercial mortgage loans $ 52,084 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 52,084 $ 71 Agricultural property loans 3,201 0 0 2 2 3,203 23 Residential property loans 191 3 0 2 5 196 2 Other collateralized loans 5 0 0 0 0 5 0 Uncollateralized loans 663 0 0 0 0 663 0 Total $ 56,144 $ 3 $ 0 $ 4 $ 7 $ 56,151 $ 96 __________ (1) As of December 31, 2017 , there were no loans in this category accruing interest. (2) For additional information regarding the Company’s policies for accruing interest on loans, see Note 2. December 31, 2016 Current 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due(1) Total Past Due Total Loans Non-Accrual Status(2) (in millions) Commercial mortgage loans $ 49,006 $ 21 $ 0 $ 0 $ 21 $ 49,027 $ 49 Agricultural property loans 2,956 0 0 2 2 2,958 2 Residential property loans 241 7 1 3 11 252 3 Other collateralized loans 10 0 0 0 0 10 0 Uncollateralized loans 638 0 0 0 0 638 0 Total $ 52,851 $ 28 $ 1 $ 5 $ 34 $ 52,885 $ 54 __________ (1) As of December 31, 2016 , there were no loans in this category accruing interest. (2) For additional information regarding the Company’s policies for accruing interest on loans, see Note 2. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 , there were no commercial mortgage and other loans acquired, other than those through direct origination and there were $2 million and $0 million of commercial mortgage and other loans sold, respectively, other than those classified as held-for-sale. The Company’s commercial mortgage and other loans may occasionally be involved in a troubled debt restructuring. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , there were $0 million and $47 million , respectively, of new troubled debt restructurings related to commercial mortgage and other loans with payment defaults on loans that were modified as a troubled debt restructuring within the twelve months preceding. As of both December 31, 2017 and 2016 , the Company had no significant commitments to provide additional funds to borrowers that had been involved in a troubled debt restructurings. For additional information relating to the accounting for troubled debt restructurings, see Note 2. As of December 31, 2017 , there were $5 million of private debt commitments to provide additional funds to borrowers that had been involved in a troubled debt restructuring. Other Long-Term Investments The following table sets forth the composition of “Other long-term investments,” as of the dates indicated: December 31, 2017 2016 (in millions) Joint ventures and limited partnerships: Private equity $ 4,280 $ 4,059 Hedge funds 3,222 2,660 Real estate-related 1,218 1,291 Total joint ventures and limited partnerships 8,720 8,010 Real estate held through direct ownership(1) 2,409 2,195 Other(2) 1,179 1,078 Total other long-term investments $ 12,308 $ 11,283 __________ (1) As of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , real estate held through direct ownership had mortgage debt of $799 million and $659 million , respectively. (2) Primarily includes strategic investments made by investment management operations, leveraged leases, member and activity stock held in the Federal Home Loan Banks of New York and Boston and certain derivatives. For additional information regarding the Company’s holdings in the Federal Home Loan Banks of New York and Boston, see Note 14. In certain investment structures, the Company’s investment management business invests with other co-investors in an investment fund referred to as a feeder fund. In these structures, the invested capital of several feeder funds is pooled together and used to purchase ownership interests in another fund, referred to as a master fund. The master fund utilizes this invested capital and, in certain cases, other debt financing, to purchase various classes of assets on behalf of its investors. Specialized industry accounting for investment companies calls for the feeder fund to reflect its investment in the master fund as a single net asset equal to its proportionate share of the net assets of the master fund, regardless of its level of interest in the master fund. In cases where the Company consolidates the feeder fund, it retains the feeder fund’s net asset presentation and reports the consolidated feeder fund’s proportionate share of the net assets of the master fund in “Other long-term investments,” with any unaffiliated investors’ non-controlling interest in the feeder fund reported in “Other liabilities” or “Noncontrolling interests.” The consolidated feeder funds’ investments in these master funds, reflected on this net asset basis, totaled $451 million and $216 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. There was $310 million and $93 million of unaffiliated interest in the consolidated feeder funds as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively, and the master funds had gross assets of $82,126 million and $36,279 million , respectively, and gross liabilities of $79,185 million and $34,880 million , respectively, which are not included on the Company’s balance sheet. Equity Method Investments The following tables set forth summarized combined financial information for significant joint ventures and limited partnership interests accounted for under the equity method, including the Company’s investments in operating joint ventures that are described in more detail in Note 7. Changes between periods in the tables below reflect changes in the activities within the joint ventures and limited partnerships, as well as changes in the Company’s level of investment in such entities. December 31, 2017 2016 (in millions) STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION Total assets(1) $ 62,292 $ 59,897 Total liabilities(2) $ 15,225 $ 14,787 Partners’ capital 47,067 45,110 Total liabilities and partners’ capital $ 62,292 $ 59,897 Total liabilities and partners’ capital included above $ 5,515 $ 5,135 Equity in limited partnership interests not included above 696 592 Carrying value $ 6,211 $ 5,727 __________ (1) Assets consist primarily of investments in real estate, investments in securities and other miscellaneous assets. (2) Liabilities consist primarily of third-party-borrowed funds, securities repurchase agreements and other miscellaneous liabilities. Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 (in millions) STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS Total revenue(1) $ 6,392 $ 5,360 $ 4,356 Total expenses(2) (2,300 ) (1,995 ) (1,803 ) Net earnings (losses) $ 4,092 $ 3,365 $ 2,553 Equity in net earnings (losses) included above $ 409 $ 247 $ 216 Equity in net earnings (losses) of limited partnership interests not included above 123 103 32 Total equity in net earnings (losses) $ 532 $ 350 $ 248 __________ (1) Revenue consists of income from investments in real estate, investments in securities and other income. (2) Expenses consist primarily of interest expense, investment management fees, salary expenses and other expenses. Net Investment Income The following table sets forth “Net investment income” by investment type, for the periods indicated: Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 (in millions) Fixed maturities, available-for-sale(1) $ 11,482 $ 10,920 $ 10,347 Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity(1) 215 208 202 Equity securities, available-for-sale 377 366 337 Trading account assets 920 986 1,205 Commercial mortgage and other loans 2,267 2,243 2,255 Policy loans 617 627 619 Short-term investments and cash equivalents 203 145 56 Other long-term investments 1,117 731 717 Gross investment income 17,198 16,226 15,738 Less: investment expenses (763 ) (706 ) (909 ) Net investment income $ 16,435 $ 15,520 $ 14,829 ______ |