UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
ý | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2008 | ||
o | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |
For the Transition Period from to |
Commission File Number 001 - 32205
CB RICHARD ELLIS GROUP, INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | 94-3391143 (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) | |
11150 Santa Monica Boulevard, Suite 1600 Los Angeles, California (Address of principal executive offices) | 90025 (Zip Code) | |
(310) 405-8900 (Registrant's telephone number, including area code) | (Former name, former address and former fiscal year if changed since last report) |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ý | Accelerated filer o | Non-accelerated filer o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company o |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No ý.
The number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding at October 31, 2008 was 204,920,926.
September 30, 2008
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION | Page | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Item 1. | Financial Statements (Unaudited) | |||||
Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 | 3 | |||||
4 | ||||||
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 | 5 | |||||
6 | ||||||
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 34 | ||||
Item 3. | 67 | |||||
Item 4. | 68 | |||||
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION | ||||||
Item 1. | 69 | |||||
Item 1A. | 69 | |||||
Item 6. | 81 | |||||
82 |
2
CB RICHARD ELLIS GROUP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
| September 30, 2008 | December 31, 2007 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ASSETS | |||||||||
Current Assets: | �� | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 400,780 | $ | 342,874 | |||||
Restricted cash | 73,739 | 44,438 | |||||||
Receivables, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $45,974 and $34,748 at September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively | 835,575 | 1,081,653 | |||||||
Warehouse receivables | 226,131 | 255,777 | |||||||
Prepaid expenses | 100,283 | 79,772 | |||||||
Deferred tax assets, net | 241,486 | 191,984 | |||||||
Real estate under development | 88,358 | 78,388 | |||||||
Real estate and other assets held for sale | 111,386 | 204,103 | |||||||
Other current assets | 92,993 | 84,997 | |||||||
Total Current Assets | 2,170,731 | 2,363,986 | |||||||
Property and equipment, net | 217,346 | 216,214 | |||||||
Goodwill | 2,316,717 | 2,174,710 | |||||||
Other intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $120,410 and $105,438 at September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively | 404,506 | 404,104 | |||||||
Deferred compensation assets | 251,522 | 264,190 | |||||||
Investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries | 210,378 | 236,892 | |||||||
Deferred tax assets, net | 23,423 | 17,932 | |||||||
Real estate under development | 169,021 | 138,643 | |||||||
Real estate held for investment | 489,806 | 277,411 | |||||||
Available for sale securities | 33,127 | 30,314 | |||||||
Other assets, net | 125,189 | 118,177 | |||||||
Total Assets | $ | 6,411,766 | $ | 6,242,573 | |||||
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | |||||||||
Current Liabilities: | |||||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | 394,209 | $ | 487,287 | |||||
Deferred purchase consideration | 4,233 | 4,528 | |||||||
Compensation and employee benefits payable | 308,422 | 319,808 | |||||||
Accrued bonus and profit sharing | 322,681 | 727,460 | |||||||
Income taxes payable | — | 50,658 | |||||||
Short-term borrowings: | |||||||||
Warehouse lines of credit | 226,131 | 255,777 | |||||||
Revolving credit facility | 560,692 | 227,065 | |||||||
Other | 16,361 | 55,838 | |||||||
Total short-term borrowings | 803,184 | 538,680 | |||||||
Current maturities of long-term debt | 161,765 | 11,374 | |||||||
Notes payable on real estate | 145,526 | 105,506 | |||||||
Liabilities related to real estate and other assets held for sale | 79,473 | 161,966 | |||||||
Other current liabilities | 15,919 | 23,802 | |||||||
Total Current Liabilities | 2,235,412 | 2,431,069 | |||||||
Long-Term Debt: | |||||||||
Senior secured term loans | 1,917,350 | 1,776,000 | |||||||
Other long-term debt | 2,198 | 1,352 | |||||||
Total Long-Term Debt | 1,919,548 | 1,777,352 | |||||||
Deferred compensation liabilities | 252,124 | 278,266 | |||||||
Pension liability | 30,079 | 34,163 | |||||||
Non-current tax liabilities | 89,837 | 81,847 | |||||||
Notes payable on real estate | 391,328 | 211,797 | |||||||
Other liabilities | 156,265 | 175,923 | |||||||
Total Liabilities | 5,074,593 | 4,990,417 | |||||||
Commitments and contingencies | — | — | |||||||
Minority interest | 283,073 | 263,613 | |||||||
Stockholders' Equity: | |||||||||
Class A common stock; $0.01 par value; 325,000,000 shares authorized; 204,845,947 and 201,594,592 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively | 2,048 | 2,016 | |||||||
Additional paid-in capital | 68,881 | 40,559 | |||||||
Notes receivable from sale of stock | — | (60 | ) | ||||||
Accumulated earnings | 1,040,920 | 963,530 | |||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (57,749 | ) | (17,502 | ) | |||||
Total Stockholders' Equity | 1,054,100 | 988,543 | |||||||
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity | $ | 6,411,766 | $ | 6,242,573 | |||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
3
CB RICHARD ELLIS GROUP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 2007 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||
Revenue | $ | 1,299,735 | $ | 1,492,809 | $ | 3,845,533 | $ | 4,197,133 | ||||||
Costs and expenses: | ||||||||||||||
Cost of services | 755,362 | 791,852 | 2,197,013 | 2,233,130 | ||||||||||
Operating, administrative and other | 420,352 | 468,375 | 1,321,536 | 1,350,066 | ||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 25,412 | 28,311 | 74,236 | 83,190 | ||||||||||
Merger-related charges | — | 5,092 | — | 39,824 | ||||||||||
Total costs and expenses | 1,201,126 | 1,293,630 | 3,592,785 | 3,706,210 | ||||||||||
Gain on disposition of real estate | 9,766 | 16,075 | 13,808 | 16,075 | ||||||||||
Operating income | 108,375 | 215,254 | 266,556 | 506,998 | ||||||||||
Equity (loss) income from unconsolidated subsidiaries | (3,408 | ) | 6,020 | (25,922 | ) | 36,184 | ||||||||
Minority interest (income) expense | (772 | ) | 9,692 | (8,379 | ) | 12,427 | ||||||||
Other loss | — | — | 4,607 | 37,534 | ||||||||||
Interest income | 4,400 | 7,937 | 14,107 | 20,922 | ||||||||||
Interest expense | 42,290 | 40,417 | 126,855 | 124,572 | ||||||||||
Income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes | 67,849 | 179,102 | 131,658 | 389,571 | ||||||||||
Provision for income taxes | 37,701 | 64,155 | 64,493 | 121,512 | ||||||||||
Income from continuing operations | 30,148 | 114,947 | 67,165 | 268,059 | ||||||||||
Income from discontinued operations, net of income taxes | 10,225 | — | 10,225 | — | ||||||||||
Net income | $ | 40,373 | $ | 114,947 | $ | 77,390 | $ | 268,059 | ||||||
Basic income per share | ||||||||||||||
Income from continuing operations | $ | 0.15 | $ | 0.50 | $ | 0.33 | $ | 1.16 | ||||||
Income from discontinued operations, net of income taxes | 0.05 | — | 0.05 | — | ||||||||||
Net income | $ | 0.20 | $ | 0.50 | $ | 0.38 | $ | 1.16 | ||||||
Weighted average shares outstanding for basic income per share | 203,680,475 | 230,997,817 | 203,409,873 | 230,406,342 | ||||||||||
Diluted income per share | ||||||||||||||
Income from continuing operations | $ | 0.14 | $ | 0.48 | $ | 0.32 | $ | 1.13 | ||||||
Income from discontinued operations, net of income taxes | 0.05 | — | 0.05 | — | ||||||||||
Net income | $ | 0.19 | $ | 0.48 | $ | 0.37 | $ | 1.13 | ||||||
Weighted average shares outstanding for diluted income per share | 207,706,250 | 237,450,864 | 207,942,875 | 237,291,116 | ||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
4
CB RICHARD ELLIS GROUP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands)
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 2007 | |||||||
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | |||||||||
Net income | $ | 77,390 | $ | 268,059 | |||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities: | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 74,328 | 83,190 | |||||||
Amortization and write-off of deferred financing costs | 9,078 | 5,883 | |||||||
Write-down of impaired investments | 4,607 | — | |||||||
Gain on sale of servicing rights and other assets | (11,478 | ) | (6,152 | ) | |||||
Loss on trading securities | — | 33,654 | |||||||
Loss on interest rate swaps | — | 3,880 | |||||||
Equity loss (income) from unconsolidated subsidiaries | 25,922 | (36,184 | ) | ||||||
In-kind distributions from unconsolidated subsidiaries | — | (2,710 | ) | ||||||
Minority interest expense | 8,144 | 12,427 | |||||||
Provision for doubtful accounts | 14,626 | 15,132 | |||||||
Deferred income taxes | (444 | ) | (1,729 | ) | |||||
Compensation expense and merger-related expense related to stock options and stock awards | 21,250 | 28,583 | |||||||
Incremental tax benefit from stock options exercised | (4,272 | ) | (15,876 | ) | |||||
Deferred compensation deferrals | 24,540 | 32,344 | |||||||
Distribution of earnings from unconsolidated subsidiaries | 17,782 | 39,681 | |||||||
Tenant concessions received | 8,712 | 11,072 | |||||||
Proceeds from sale of trading securities | — | 320,047 | |||||||
Decrease (increase) in receivables | 219,131 | (18,061 | ) | ||||||
Decrease (increase) in deferred compensation assets | 16,036 | (51,758 | ) | ||||||
Increase in prepaid expenses and other assets | (19,767 | ) | (9,294 | ) | |||||
Increase in real estate held for sale and under development | (2,333 | ) | (175,706 | ) | |||||
Decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses | (115,278 | ) | (93,302 | ) | |||||
Decrease in compensation and employee benefits payable and accrued bonus and profit sharing | (433,533 | ) | (52,120 | ) | |||||
Decrease in income taxes payable | (115,515 | ) | (105,411 | ) | |||||
(Decrease) increase in other liabilities | (48,357 | ) | 3,161 | ||||||
Other operating activities, net | (1,914 | ) | 615 | ||||||
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities | (231,345 | ) | 289,425 | ||||||
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | |||||||||
Capital expenditures | (39,895 | ) | (50,271 | ) | |||||
Acquisition of businesses (other than Trammell Crow Company) including net assets acquired, intangibles and goodwill, net of cash acquired | (195,963 | ) | (80,640 | ) | |||||
Cash paid for acquisition of Trammell Crow Company | — | (124,923 | ) | ||||||
Contributions to unconsolidated subsidiaries | (44,062 | ) | (60,374 | ) | |||||
Distributions from unconsolidated subsidiaries | 19,811 | 27,900 | |||||||
Proceeds from the sale of servicing rights and other assets | 6,263 | 29,738 | |||||||
Additions to real estate held for investment | (178,411 | ) | (107,739 | ) | |||||
(Increase) decrease in restricted cash | (29,779 | ) | 138,431 | ||||||
Other investing activities, net | (4,744 | ) | 14,722 | ||||||
Net cash used in investing activities | (466,780 | ) | (213,156 | ) | |||||
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | |||||||||
Proceeds from senior secured term loans | 300,000 | — | |||||||
Repayment of senior secured term loans | (9,750 | ) | (283,250 | ) | |||||
Proceeds from revolving credit facility | 1,720,801 | 73,186 | |||||||
Repayment of revolving credit facility | (1,379,429 | ) | (34,638 | ) | |||||
Repayment of 93/4% senior notes | — | (3,310 | ) | ||||||
Proceeds from notes payable on real estate held for investment | 109,520 | 82,529 | |||||||
Repayment of notes payable on real estate held for investment | (13,975 | ) | (15,732 | ) | |||||
Proceeds from notes payable on real estate held for sale and under development | 176,394 | 216,904 | |||||||
Repayment of notes payable on real estate held for sale and under development | (120,620 | ) | (96,351 | ) | |||||
(Repayment of) proceeds from short-term borrowings and other loans, net | (37,773 | ) | 40,238 | ||||||
Proceeds from exercise of stock options | 3,805 | 9,114 | |||||||
Incremental tax benefit from stock options exercised | 4,272 | 15,876 | |||||||
Minority interest contributions | 42,344 | 133,409 | |||||||
Minority interest distributions | (28,510 | ) | (27,795 | ) | |||||
Payment of deferred financing fees | (9,729 | ) | (4,033 | ) | |||||
Other financing activities, net | (1,327 | ) | (837 | ) | |||||
Net cash provided by financing activities | 756,023 | 105,310 | |||||||
Effect of currency exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | 8 | 9,152 | |||||||
NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | 57,906 | 190,731 | |||||||
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, AT BEGINNING OF PERIOD | 342,874 | 244,476 | |||||||
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, AT END OF PERIOD | $ | 400,780 | $ | 435,207 | |||||
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION: | |||||||||
Cash paid during the period for: | |||||||||
Interest | $ | 96,798 | $ | 113,568 | |||||
Income taxes, net of refunds | $ | 185,021 | $ | 227,104 | |||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
5
CB RICHARD ELLIS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1. Nature of Operations
CB Richard Ellis Group, Inc. (formerly known as CBRE Holding, Inc.), a Delaware corporation (which may be referred to in these financial statements as "we," "us," and "our"), was incorporated on February 20, 2001 and was created to acquire all of the outstanding shares of CB Richard Ellis Services, Inc. (CBRE), an international commercial real estate services firm. Prior to July 20, 2001, we were a wholly-owned subsidiary of Blum Strategic Partners, L.P. (Blum Strategic), formerly known as RCBA Strategic Partners, L.P., which is an affiliate of Richard C. Blum, a director of CBRE and our company.
On July 20, 2001, we acquired all of the outstanding stock of CBRE pursuant to an Amended and Restated Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated May 31, 2001, among CBRE, Blum CB Corp. (Blum CB) and us. Blum CB was merged with and into CBRE with CBRE being the surviving corporation (the 2001 Merger). In July 2003, our global position in the commercial real estate services industry was further solidified as CBRE acquired Insignia Financial Group, Inc. (Insignia). On July 23, 2003, pursuant to an Amended and Restated Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated May 28, 2003 (the Insignia Acquisition Agreement), by and among us, CBRE, Apple Acquisition Corp. (Apple Acquisition), a Delaware corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of CBRE, and Insignia, Apple Acquisition was merged with and into Insignia (the Insignia Acquisition). Insignia was the surviving corporation in the Insignia Acquisition and at the effective time of the Insignia Acquisition became a wholly-owned subsidiary of CBRE.
On June 15, 2004, we completed the initial public offering of shares of our Class A common stock (the IPO). In connection with the IPO, we issued and sold 23,180,292 shares of our Class A common stock and received aggregate net proceeds of approximately $135.0 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses payable by us. Also in connection with the IPO, selling stockholders sold an aggregate of 48,819,708 shares of our Class A common stock and received net proceeds of approximately $290.6 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions. On July 14, 2004, selling stockholders sold an additional 687,900 shares of our Class A common stock to cover over-allotments of shares by the underwriters and received net proceeds of approximately $4.1 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions. Lastly, on December 13, 2004 and November 15, 2005, we completed secondary public offerings that provided further liquidity for some of our stockholders. We did not receive any of the proceeds from the sales of shares by the selling stockholders on June 15, 2004, July 14, 2004, December 13, 2004 and November 15, 2005.
In December 2006, we expanded our global leadership with the acquisition of Trammell Crow Company, our largest acquisition to date. On December 20, 2006, pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger dated October 30, 2006 (the Trammell Crow Company Acquisition Agreement), by and among us, A-2 Acquisition Corp., a Delaware corporation and our wholly-owned subsidiary (Merger Sub), and Trammell Crow Company, the Merger Sub was merged with and into the Trammell Crow Company (the Trammell Crow Company Acquisition). Trammell Crow Company was the surviving corporation in the Trammell Crow Company Acquisition and upon the closing of the Trammell Crow Company Acquisition became our indirect wholly-owned subsidiary. We have no substantive operations other than our investment in CBRE and Trammell Crow Company.
We offer a full range of services to occupiers, owners, lenders and investors in office, retail, industrial, multi-family and other commercial real estate assets globally under the "CB Richard Ellis"
6
CB RICHARD ELLIS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
1. Nature of Operations (Continued)
brand name and provide development services under the "Trammell Crow" brand name. Our business is focused on several service competencies, including tenant representation, property/agency leasing, property sales, commercial property and corporate facilities management, valuation, real estate investment management, development services, commercial mortgage origination and servicing, capital markets (equity and debt) solutions and proprietary research. We generate revenues on a per project or transactional basis and from contractual management fees.
2. Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the rules applicable to Form 10-Q and include all information and footnotes required for interim financial statement presentation, but do not include all disclosures required under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) for annual financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments, except as otherwise noted) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. All significant inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated.
Certain reclassifications, which do not have an effect on net income or equity, have been made to the 2007 financial statements to conform with the 2008 presentation. For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, a net increase of $120.6 million in notes payable on real estate held for sale and under development was reclassified from net cash provided by operating activities to net cash provided by financing activities to conform with the 2008 presentation. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2008. The consolidated financial statements and notes to consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our current Annual Report on Form 10-K, which contains the latest available audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto, which are as of and for the year ended December 31, 2007.
In May 2003, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 150, "Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of both Liabilities and Equity." Certain provisions of SFAS No. 150 would have required us to classify non-controlling interests in consolidated limited life subsidiaries as liabilities adjusted to their settlement values in our consolidated financial statements. In November 2003, the FASB indefinitely deferred application of the measurement and recognition provisions (but not the disclosure requirements) of SFAS No. 150 with respect to these non-controlling interests. As of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the estimated settlement value of non-controlling interests in our consolidated limited life subsidiaries was $192.2 million and $172.9 million, respectively, as compared to the carrying value of $182.5 million and $170.0 million, respectively, which is included in minority interest in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
7
CB RICHARD ELLIS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
3. Restricted Cash
Included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 is restricted cash of $73.7 million and $44.4 million, respectively. The balances primarily include escrow accounts held in our Development Services segment, escrow accounts related to other strategic in-fill acquisitions, restricted cash set aside to cover deferred purchase consideration associated with the Trammell Crow Company Acquisition and cash pledged to secure the guarantee of certain short-term notes issued in connection with previous acquisitions by Insignia in the United Kingdom (U.K.). The deferred purchase consideration relates to outstanding shares of Trammell Crow Company common stock that have not yet been tendered. Payment in full is being made as share certificates are tendered.
4. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
The following table summarizes the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 (dollars in thousands):
| Americas | EMEA | Asia Pacific | Global Investment Management | Development Services | Total | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Balance at January 1, 2008 | $ | 1,621,145 | $ | 345,710 | $ | 82,961 | $ | 38,231 | $ | 86,663 | $ | 2,174,710 | |||||||
Purchase accounting related to acquisitions | 24,352 | 138,245 | 3,382 | 6,311 | — | 172,290 | |||||||||||||
Foreign exchange movement | (1,178 | ) | (23,115 | ) | (4,856 | ) | (1,134 | ) | — | (30,283 | ) | ||||||||
Balance at September 30, 2008 | $ | 1,644,319 | $ | 460,840 | $ | 81,487 | $ | 43,408 | $ | 86,663 | $ | 2,316,717 | |||||||
SFAS No. 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets," requires us to perform at least an annual assessment of impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets deemed to have indefinite useful lives based on assumptions and estimates of fair value and future cash flow information. We are currently in the process of performing our annual assessment as of October 1, 2008. Based on our preliminary review, we believe that there may be impairment charges forthcoming, most likely in our Americas and Development Services segments, in the fourth quarter of 2008. Given the complexity of this assessment, the final results are not yet completed and therefore any impairment is not yet probable or estimable. This assessment will be completed by December 31, 2008 and we will record impairment charges, if any, as required by such assessment once it is finalized.
8
CB RICHARD ELLIS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
4. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Continued)
Other intangible assets totaled $404.5 million and $404.1 million, net of accumulated amortization of $120.4 million and $105.4 million, as of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively, and are comprised of the following (dollars in thousands):
| As of September 30, 2008 | As of December 31, 2007 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gross Carrying Amount | Accumulated Amortization | Gross Carrying Amount | Accumulated Amortization | ||||||||||
Unamortizable intangible assets | ||||||||||||||
Trademarks | $ | 63,700 | $ | 63,700 | ||||||||||
Trade name | 103,826 | 103,826 | ||||||||||||
$ | 167,526 | $ | 167,526 | |||||||||||
Amortizable intangible assets | ||||||||||||||
Customer relationships | $ | 229,390 | $ | (22,207 | ) | $ | 225,400 | $ | (12,472 | ) | ||||
Backlog and incentive fees | 49,296 | (49,296 | ) | 48,761 | (48,761 | ) | ||||||||
Management contracts | 27,836 | (25,285 | ) | 29,219 | (25,078 | ) | ||||||||
Loan servicing rights | 30,631 | (13,082 | ) | 24,115 | (11,126 | ) | ||||||||
Other | 20,237 | (10,540 | ) | 14,521 | (8,001 | ) | ||||||||
$ | 357,390 | $ | (120,410 | ) | $ | 342,016 | $ | (105,438 | ) | |||||
Total intangible assets | $ | 524,916 | $ | (120,410 | ) | $ | 509,542 | $ | (105,438 | ) | ||||
In accordance with SFAS No. 141, "Business Combinations," trademarks of $63.7 million were separately identified as a result of the 2001 Merger. As a result of the Insignia Acquisition, a $19.8 million trade name was separately identified, which represents the Richard Ellis trade name in the U.K. that was owned by Insignia. In connection with the Trammell Crow Company Acquisition, an $84.0 million trade name was separately identified, which represents the Trammell Crow trade name used by us in providing development services. Both the trademarks and the trade names have indefinite useful lives and accordingly are not being amortized.
Customer relationships primarily represent intangible assets identified in the Trammell Crow Company Acquisition relating to existing relationships primarily in Trammell Crow Company's brokerage, property management, project management and facilities management lines of business. These intangible assets are being amortized over useful lives of up to 20 years.
Backlog and incentive fees mostly represented the fair value of net revenue backlog and incentive fees acquired as part of the Trammell Crow Company Acquisition as well as other in-fill acquisitions. These intangible assets were amortized over useful lives of up to one year.
Management contracts are primarily comprised of property management contracts in the United States (U.S.), Canada, the U.K. and France, as well as valuation services and fund management contracts in the U.K. These management contracts are being amortized over useful lives of up to ten years.
9
CB RICHARD ELLIS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
4. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Continued)
Loan servicing rights represent the fair value of servicing assets in our mortgage brokerage line of business in the U.S. The loan servicing rights are being amortized over the useful lives of the underlying loans, which are generally up to ten years.
Other amortizable intangible assets mainly represent other intangible assets acquired as a result of the Trammell Crow Company Acquisition and Insignia Acquisition. These include certain acquired Trammell Crow Company contract intangibles. Additionally, these include other intangible assets recognized for non-contractual revenue acquired in the U.S. as well as franchise agreements and a trade name in France acquired in the Insignia Acquisition. Other intangible assets are being amortized over useful lives of up to 20 years.
Amortization expense related to intangible assets was $5.2 million and $11.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, and $16.0 million and $35.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The estimated annual amortization expense for each of the years ending December 31, 2008 through December 31, 2012 approximates $20.9 million, $17.7 million, $17.4 million, $16.1 million and $13.6 million, respectively.
5. Investments in Unconsolidated Subsidiaries
Investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. Combined condensed financial information for these entities is as follows (dollars in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 2007 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||
Development Services: | ||||||||||||||
Revenue | $ | 12,261 | $ | 15,439 | $ | 34,392 | $ | 42,544 | ||||||
Operating income | $ | 3,133 | $ | 4,630 | $ | 31,993 | $ | 35,969 | ||||||
Net (loss) income | $ | (1,518 | ) | $ | (551 | ) | $ | 19,433 | $ | 21,162 | ||||
Global Investment Management and Other: | ||||||||||||||
Revenue | $ | 257,720 | $ | 125,927 | $ | 628,292 | $ | 568,852 | ||||||
Operating (loss) income | $ | (28,440 | ) | $ | 28,140 | $ | (13,526 | ) | $ | 90,398 | ||||
Net (loss) income | $ | (290,165 | ) | $ | 179,176 | $ | (254,292 | ) | $ | 233,857 | ||||
Total: | ||||||||||||||
Revenue | $ | 269,981 | $ | 141,366 | $ | 662,684 | $ | 611,396 | ||||||
Operating (loss) income | $ | (25,307 | ) | $ | 32,770 | $ | 18,467 | $ | 126,367 | |||||
Net (loss) income | $ | (291,683 | ) | $ | 178,625 | $ | (234,859 | ) | $ | 255,019 |
Our Global Investment Management segment involves investing our own capital in certain real estate investments with clients. We have provided investment management, property management, brokerage and other professional services to these equity investees on an arm's length basis and earned revenues from these unconsolidated subsidiaries. We have also provided development, property management and brokerage services to certain of our unconsolidated development subsidiaries on an arm's length basis and earned revenues from these unconsolidated subsidiaries.
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CB RICHARD ELLIS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
5. Investments in Unconsolidated Subsidiaries (Continued)
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, we recorded write-downs of $4.1 million and $14.7 million, respectively, of our investment in CBRE Realty Finance and during the nine months ended September 30, 2008, we recorded a $7.3 million write-down of our investment in CBRE Property Trust, each write-down attributable to a decline in value. These charges are included in equity loss from unconsolidated subsidiaries in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The fair value measurement utilized for CBRE Realty Finance was the stock price quoted on the New York Stock Exchange, which falls within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy under SFAS No. 157,"Fair Value Measurements." The fair value measurement employed for CBRE Property Trust was an asset valuation based on observable market data, which falls within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy under SFAS No. 157.
6. Real Estate and Other Assets Held for Sale and Related Liabilities
Real estate and other assets held for sale include completed real estate projects or land for sale in their present condition that have met all of the "held for sale" criteria of SFAS No. 144, "Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets," and other assets directly related to such projects. Liabilities related to real estate and other assets held for sale have been included as a single line item in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. In accordance with SFAS No. 144, certain assets classified as held for sale at September 30, 2008, or sold in the three months ended September 30, 2008, that were not classified as held for sale at December 31, 2007, were reclassified to real estate and other assets held for sale in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2007.
Real estate and other assets held for sale and related liabilities were as follows (dollars in thousands):
| September 30, 2008 | December 31, 2007 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Assets: | |||||||
Real estate held for sale (see Note 7) | $ | 102,941 | $ | 191,798 | |||
Other current assets | 2,194 | 5,220 | |||||
Other assets | 6,251 | 7,085 | |||||
Total real estate and other assets held for sale | 111,386 | 204,103 | |||||
Liabilities: | |||||||
Accrued expenses | 3,467 | 12,054 | |||||
Notes payable on real estate held for sale (see Note 8) | 75,011 | 148,729 | |||||
Other current liabilities | 191 | 685 | |||||
Other liabilities | 804 | 498 | |||||
Total liabilities related to real estate and other assets held for sale | 79,473 | 161,966 | |||||
Net real estate and other assets held for sale | $ | 31,913 | $ | 42,137 | |||
7. Real Estate
We provide build-to-suit services for our clients and also develop or purchase certain projects which we intend to sell to institutional investors upon project completion or redevelopment. Therefore,
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CB RICHARD ELLIS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
7. Real Estate (Continued)
we have ownership of real estate until such projects are sold. Certain real estate assets owned by us secure the outstanding balances of underlying mortgage or construction loans. The majority of our real estate is included in our Development Services segment (see Note 21). Real estate owned by us consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):
| September 30, 2008 | December 31, 2007 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Real estate under development (current) | $ | 88,358 | $ | 78,388 | |||
Real estate included in assets held for sale (see Note 6) | 102,941 | 191,798 | |||||
Real estate under development (non-current) | 169,021 | 138,643 | |||||
Real estate held for investment (1) | 489,806 | 277,411 | |||||
Total real estate (2) | $ | 850,126 | $ | 686,240 | |||
- (1)
- Net of accumulated depreciation of $9.5 million and $3.1 million at September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.
- (2)
- Includes balances for lease intangibles and tenant origination costs of $8.0 million and $8.8 million, respectively, at September 30, 2008 and $5.4 million and $3.7 million, respectively, at December 31, 2007. We record lease intangibles and tenant origination costs upon acquiring buildings with in-place leases. The balances are shown net of amortization, which is recorded as an increase to or a reduction of rental income for lease intangibles and as amortization expense for tenant origination costs.
8. Notes Payable on Real Estate
We had loans secured by real estate, which consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):
| September 30, 2008 | December 31, 2007 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Current portion of notes payable on real estate | $ | 145,526 | $ | 105,506 | |||
Notes payable on real estate included in liabilities related to | 75,011 | 148,729 | |||||
Total notes payable on real estate, current portion | 220,537 | 254,235 | |||||
Notes payable on real estate, non-current portion | 391,328 | 211,797 | |||||
Total notes payable on real estate | $ | 611,865 | $ | 466,032 | |||
At September 30, 2008, $4.5 million of the current portion of notes payable on real estate were recourse to us, beyond being recourse to the single-purpose entity that held the real estate asset and was the primary obligor on the note payable.
We have a participating mortgage loan obligation related to a real estate project. The mortgage lender participates in net operating cash flow of the mortgaged real estate project, if any, and net proceeds upon the sale of the project. The lender receives 6.0% fixed interest on the outstanding balance of its note, compounded monthly, and participates in 35.0% to 80.0% of net proceeds based on
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CB RICHARD ELLIS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
8. Notes Payable on Real Estate (Continued)
reaching various internal rates of return. The amount of the participating liability was $2.1 million at both September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007.
9. Debt
We had short-term borrowings of $803.2 million and $538.7 million with related average interest rates of 4.6% and 6.4% as of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.
Since 2001, we have maintained a credit agreement with Credit Suisse (CS) and other lenders to fund strategic acquisitions and to provide for our working capital needs. On December 20, 2006, we entered into an amendment and restatement to our credit agreement (the Credit Agreement) to, among other things, allow the consummation of the Trammell Crow Company Acquisition and the incurrence of senior secured term loan facilities for an aggregate principal amount of up to $2.2 billion. On March 27, 2008, we exercised the accordion provision of the Credit Agreement, which added an additional $300.0 million term loan.
Our Credit Agreement includes the following: (1) a $600.0 million revolving credit facility, including revolving credit loans, letters of credit and a swingline loan facility, all maturing on June 24, 2011, (2) a $1.1 billion tranche A term loan facility, requiring quarterly principal payments beginning March 31, 2009 (previously set to commence on March 31, 2008, but adjusted as a result of our prepayment of all of the 2008 required payments in 2007) through September 30, 2011, with the balance payable on December 20, 2011, (3) a $1.1 billion tranche B term loan facility, requiring quarterly principal payments of $2.75 million, which began March 31, 2007 and continue through September 30, 2013, with the balance payable on December 20, 2013 and (4) a $300.0 million tranche A-1 term loan facility, requiring quarterly principal payments of $0.75 million, which began June 30, 2008 and continue through September 30, 2013, with the balance payable on December 20, 2013. The revolving credit facility allows for borrowings outside of the U.S., with sub-facilities of $5.0 million available to one of our Canadian subsidiaries, $35.0 million in aggregate available to one of our Australian and one of our New Zealand subsidiaries and $50.0 million available to one of our U.K. subsidiaries. Additionally, outstanding borrowings under these sub-facilities may be up to 5.0% higher as allowed under the currency fluctuation provision in the Credit Agreement.
Borrowings under the revolving credit facility bear interest at varying rates, based at our option, on either the applicable fixed rate plus 1.2375% or the daily rate plus 0.2375% for the first year; thereafter, at the applicable fixed rate plus 0.575% to 1.1125% or the daily rate plus 0% to 0.1125%, in both cases as determined by reference to our ratio of total debt less available cash to EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement). As of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, we had $560.7 million and $227.1 million, respectively, of revolving credit facility principal outstanding with related weighted average interest rates of 4.6% and 7.4%, respectively, which are included in short-term borrowings in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. As of September 30, 2008, letters of credit totaling $17.0 million were outstanding under the revolving credit facility. These letters of credit primarily relate to our outstanding indebtedness as well as letters of credit issued in connection with development activities in our Development Services segment and reduce the amount we may borrow under the revolving credit facility.
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CB RICHARD ELLIS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
9. Debt (Continued)
Borrowings under the tranche A term loan facility bear interest, based at our option, on either the applicable fixed rate plus 1.50% or the daily rate plus 0.50% for the first year, thereafter, at the applicable fixed rate plus 0.75% to 1.375% or the daily rate plus 0% to 0.375%, in both cases as determined by reference to our ratio of total debt less available cash to EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement). Borrowings under the tranche B term loan facility bear interest, based at our option, on either the applicable fixed rate plus 1.50% or the daily rate plus 0.50%. Borrowings under the tranche A-1 term loan facility bear interest based at our option, on either the applicable fixed rate plus 3.50% or the daily rate plus 2.50%. The tranche A-1 term loan facility includes a targeted outstanding amount (as defined in the Credit Agreement) provision that will increase the interest rate by 2% if the outstanding balance exceeds the targeted outstanding amount at the end of each quarter. As of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the tranche A term loan facility bore interest at a rate of 4.4% and 5.7%, respectively, while the tranche B term loan facility bore interest at a rate of 4.7% and 6.4%, respectively. As of September 30, 2008, the tranche A-1 term loan facility bore interest at a rate of 7.2%. As of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, we had $827.0 million of tranche A term loan facility principal outstanding, and $951.8 million and $960.0 million of tranche B term loan facility principal outstanding, respectively, which are included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. As of September 30, 2008, we had $298.5 million of tranche A-1 term loan facility principal outstanding, which is also included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
On February 26, 2007, we entered into two interest rate swap agreements with a total notional amount of $1.4 billion and a maturity date of December 31, 2009. The purpose of these interest rate swap agreements is to hedge potential changes to our cash flows due to the variable interest nature of our senior secured term loan facilities. On March 20, 2007, these interest rate swaps were designated as cash flow hedges under SFAS No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities," as amended. We incurred a loss on these interest rate swaps from the date we entered into the swaps up to the designation date of approximately $3.9 million, which is included in other loss in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations. There was no hedge ineffectiveness for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 or for the period from March 20, 2007 through September 30, 2007. On March 20, 2008, the total notional amount of the interest rate swap agreements was reduced to $950.0 million. As of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the fair value of the interest rate swap agreements was reflected as a $10.8 million liability and a $17.1 million liability, respectively, and was included in other current liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
The Credit Agreement is jointly and severally guaranteed by us and substantially all of our domestic subsidiaries. Borrowings under our Credit Agreement are secured by a pledge of substantially all of the capital stock of our U.S. subsidiaries and 65% of the capital stock of certain non-U.S. subsidiaries. Additionally, the Credit Agreement requires us to pay a fee based on the total amount of the revolving credit facility commitment.
Our Credit Agreement contains numerous restrictive covenants that, among other things, limit our ability to incur additional indebtedness, pay dividends or make distributions to stockholders, repurchase capital stock or debt, make investments, sell assets or subsidiary stock, create or permit liens on assets, engage in transactions with affiliates, enter into sale/leaseback transactions, issue subsidiary equity and enter into consolidations or mergers. Our Credit Agreement also currently requires us to maintain a
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CB RICHARD ELLIS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
9. Debt (Continued)
minimum coverage ratio of interest of 2.25x and a maximum leverage ratio of EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement) to total debt less available cash of 3.75x.
On March 2, 2007, we entered into a $50.0 million credit note with Wells Fargo Bank for the purpose of purchasing eligible investments, which include cash equivalents, agency securities, A1/P1 commercial paper and eligible money market funds. The proceeds of this note will not be made generally available to us, but will instead be deposited in an investment account maintained by Wells Fargo Bank and will be used and applied solely to purchase eligible investment securities. Borrowings under the revolving credit note bear interest at 0.25% and the original termination date of the note, which was December 3, 2007, has been extended to September 1, 2009 by written amendments. As of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, there were no amounts outstanding under this revolving credit note.
On August 1, 2007, we entered into a $4.0 million revolving note with LaSalle Bank, which was subsequently acquired by Bank of America (BofA), for the purpose of purchasing LaSalle Bank commercial paper or A1/P1 prime commercial paper (as defined in the revolving note). The proceeds of this note were not made generally available to us, but instead were deposited in an investment account maintained by LaSalle Bank and used and applied solely to purchase commercial paper. Borrowings under the revolving note bore interest at 0.25% and matured on August 1, 2008. The revolving note was not renewed. As of December 31, 2007, there were no amounts outstanding under this revolving note.
On March 4, 2008, we entered into a $35.0 million credit and security agreement with BofA for the purpose of purchasing eligible financial instruments, which include A1/P1 commercial paper, U.S. Treasury securities, GSE discount notes (as defined in the credit and security agreement) and money market funds. The proceeds of this note will not be made generally available to us, but will instead be deposited in an investment account maintained by BofA and will be used and applied solely to purchase eligible financial instruments. Borrowings under the revolving note bear interest at 1.0% with a maturity date of February 28, 2009. As of September 30, 2008, there were no amounts outstanding under this revolving note.
On August 19, 2008, we entered into a $15.0 million uncommitted facility with First Tennessee Bank for the purpose of purchasing investments, which include cash equivalents, agency securities, A1/P1 commercial paper and eligible money market funds. The proceeds of this facility will not be made generally available to us, but will instead be held in a collateral account maintained by First Tennessee Bank. Borrowings under this facility bear interest at 0.25% with a maturity date of August 3, 2009. As of September 30, 2008, there were no amounts outstanding under this facility.
Our wholly-owned subsidiary, CBRE Melody, has the following warehouse lines of credit: credit agreements with JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. (JP Morgan) and BofA for the purpose of funding mortgage loans that will be resold, and a funding arrangement with Red Mortgage Capital Inc. (Red Capital) for the purpose of funding originations of multi-family property mortgage loans. Additionally, CBRE Melody previously had a credit agreement with Washington Mutual Bank, FA (WaMu) for the purpose of funding mortgage loans that would be resold, which was terminated by WaMu on January 28, 2008.
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CB RICHARD ELLIS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
9. Debt (Continued)
On November 15, 2005, CBRE Melody entered into a secured credit agreement with JP Morgan to establish a warehouse line of credit. This agreement provided for a $250.0 million senior secured revolving line of credit and bore interest at the daily Chase London LIBOR rate plus 0.75%. On September 13, 2007, CBRE Melody entered into an amendment to its secured credit agreement with JP Morgan, which increased the senior secured revolving line of credit from $250.0 million to $350.0 million, with the additional $100.0 million bearing interest at the Chase London LIBOR rate plus 0.85%. On November 30, 2007, CBRE Melody executed an amendment to extend the maturity date of the agreement to May 31, 2008. This amendment also changed the interest rate to Chase London LIBOR plus 1.00% on amounts outstanding aggregating $250.0 million or less and Chase London LIBOR plus 1.10% on outstanding amounts in excess of $250.0 million. On April 16, 2008, CBRE Melody entered into an amendment which reduced the senior secured revolving line of credit from $350.0 million to $210.0 million, with borrowings up to $150.0 million bearing interest at LIBOR plus 1.00% and borrowings in excess of $150.0 million bearing interest at LIBOR plus 1.10%. On May 31, 2008, CBRE Melody executed an amendment to extend the maturity date of the agreement to May 30, 2009.
Effective July 1, 2006, CBRE Melody entered into a $200.0 million multi-family mortgage loan repurchase agreement, or Repo Agreement, with WaMu. Under the Repo Agreement, CBRE Melody originated multi-family loans and sold such loans to one or more investors, including Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Ginnie Mae or any of several private institutional investors. WaMu agreed to purchase certain qualifying mortgage loans after such loans had been originated, but prior to sale to one of the aforementioned investors, on a servicing retained basis, subject to CBRE Melody's obligation to repurchase the mortgage loan. Effective August 20, 2007, CBRE Melody entered into a first amendment to the Repo Agreement with WaMu. This amendment provided for, among other things, a change in interest rate from one-month LIBOR, set daily plus 0.75% to one-month LIBOR, set daily plus 0.70%. The Repo Agreement was to continue indefinitely unless or until thirty days written notice was delivered, prior to the termination date, by either CBRE Melody or WaMu. The Repo Agreement was terminated by WaMu effective January 28, 2008.
In February 2008, CBRE Melody established a funding arrangement with Red Capital for the purpose of funding originations of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae multi-family property mortgage loans. Each funding is separately approved on a transaction-by-transaction basis where Red Capital commits to purchase a 100% participation interest in qualifying mortgage loans that are subject to a rate-lock commitment from Freddie Mac or Fannie Mae. Under the arrangement, a participation is funded when a mortgage loan is originated, on a servicing retained basis, subject to CBRE Melody's obligation to repurchase the participation interest upon ultimate sale of the mortgage loan to Freddie Mac or Fannie Mae. Effective September 19, 2008, Red Capital established a new rate on borrowings at the National City Bank one-month internal funds transfer rate plus 1.75%.
On April 16, 2008, CBRE Melody entered into a secured credit agreement with BofA to establish a warehouse line of credit. The agreement provides for a $125.0 million senior secured revolving line of credit, bears interest at the daily one-month LIBOR rate plus 1.00% and expires on April 15, 2009.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, we had a maximum of $390.2 million of warehouse lines of credit principal outstanding. As of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, we had $226.1 million and $255.8 million of warehouse lines of credit principal outstanding, respectively,
16
CB RICHARD ELLIS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
9. Debt (Continued)
which are included in short-term borrowings in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Additionally, we had $226.1 million and $255.8 million of mortgage loans held for sale (warehouse receivables), which represented mortgage loans funded through the lines of credit that, while committed to be purchased, had not yet been purchased as of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively, and which are also included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
On July 31, 2006, CBRE Melody entered into a $60.0 million revolving credit note with JP Morgan for the purpose of purchasing qualified investment securities, which include but are not limited to U.S. Treasury and Agency securities. The proceeds of this note will not be made generally available to CBRE Melody, but will instead be deposited in an investment account maintained by JP Morgan and will be used and applied solely to purchase qualified investment securities. Borrowings under the revolving credit note will bear interest at 0.50%. Initially, all outstanding principal on this note and all accrued interest unpaid was to be due and payable on demand, or if no demand was made, then on or before July 31, 2007. Effective May 1, 2007, CBRE Melody executed an amendment which increased the revolving credit note to $100.0 million and extended the maturity date to April 30, 2008. CBRE Melody executed several amendments, the last of which further extended the maturity date to May 30, 2009. As of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, there were no amounts outstanding under this revolving credit note.
On April 30, 2007, Trammell Crow Company Acquisitions II, L.P. (Acquisitions II), a legal entity within our Development Services segment that we consolidate, entered into a $100.0 million revolving credit agreement with WestLB AG, as administrative agent for a lender group. Borrowings under this credit agreement are used to fund acquisitions of real estate prior to receipt of capital contributions from Acquisitions II investors and permanent project financing, and are limited to a portion of unfunded capital commitments of certain Acquisitions II investors. As of September 30, 2008, borrowing capacity under this agreement, net of outstanding amounts drawn, was $32.7 million. Borrowings under this agreement bear interest at the daily British Bankers Association LIBOR rate plus 0.65% and this agreement expires on April 30, 2010. Subject to certain conditions, Acquisitions II can extend the maturity date of the credit facility for an additional term of not longer than 12 months and may increase the maximum commitment to an amount not exceeding $150.0 million. Borrowings under the line are non-recourse to us and are secured by the capital commitments of the investors in Acquisitions II. As of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, there was $5.9 million and $42.6 million, respectively, outstanding under this revolving credit note included in short-term borrowings in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
In connection with our acquisition of Westmark Realty Advisors in 1995 (now known as CB Richard Ellis Investors), we issued approximately $20.0 million in aggregate principal amount of senior notes. The Westmark senior notes are redeemable at the discretion of the note holders and have a final maturity date of June 30, 2010. The interest rate on the Westmark senior notes is currently equal to the interest rate in effect for amounts outstanding under our Credit Agreement plus 12 basis points. The amount of the Westmark senior notes included in short-term borrowings in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets was $9.0 million and $11.2 million as of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.
Insignia, which we acquired in July 2003, issued loan notes as partial consideration for previous acquisitions of businesses in the U.K. The acquisition loan notes are payable to the sellers of the
17
CB RICHARD ELLIS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
9. Debt (Continued)
previously acquired U.K. businesses and are secured by restricted cash deposits in approximately the same amount. The acquisition loan notes are redeemable semi-annually at the discretion of the note holder and have a final maturity date of April 2010. As of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, $1.4 million and $1.9 million, respectively, of the acquisition loan notes were outstanding and are included in short-term borrowings in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
In July 2008, in connection with the purchase of the remaining 50% ownership interest we did not already own in our affiliate CB Richard Ellis Tucson, LLC, we issued a loan note that is payable to the seller. One-half of the loan note is due on June 30, 2009, with the remainder due on June 30, 2010. The amount of the CB Richard Ellis Tucson, LLC loan note included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets at September 30, 2008 was $1.6 million.
A significant number of our subsidiaries in Europe have had a Euro cash pool loan since 2001, which is used to fund their short-term liquidity needs. The Euro cash pool loan is an overdraft line for our European operations issued by HSBC Bank. The Euro cash pool loan has no stated maturity date and bears interest at varying rates based on a base rate as defined by HSBC Bank plus 2.5%. As of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, there were no amounts outstanding under this facility.
10. Commitments and Contingencies
We are a party to a number of pending or threatened lawsuits arising out of, or incident to, our ordinary course of business. Our management believes that any liability imposed upon us that may result from disposition of these lawsuits will not have a material effect on our business, consolidated financial position, cash flows or results of operations.
We had outstanding letters of credit totaling $23.8 million as of September 30, 2008, excluding letters of credit for which we have outstanding liabilities already accrued on our consolidated balance sheet related to our subsidiaries' outstanding reserves for claims under certain insurance programs and indebtedness. These letters of credit are primarily executed by us in the normal course of business of our Development Services segment as well as in connection with certain insurance programs. The letters of credit expire at varying dates through August 2009.
We had guarantees totaling $36.1 million as of September 30, 2008, excluding guarantees related to consolidated indebtedness and pension liabilities for which we have outstanding liabilities already accrued on our consolidated balance sheet as well as operating leases. These guarantees primarily consisted of a $26.6 million guarantee of pension liabilities related to one of our defined benefit pension plans in the U.K. The remaining guarantees primarily included debt repayment guarantees of unconsolidated subsidiaries as well as various guarantees of management contracts in our operations overseas. The guarantee obligations related to debt repayment guarantees of unconsolidated subsidiaries expire at varying dates through December 2009. The other guarantees will expire at the end of each of the respective agreements.
In addition, as of September 30, 2008, we had numerous completion and budget guarantees relating to development projects. These guarantees are made by us in the normal course of business. Each of these guarantees requires us to complete construction of the relevant project within a specified timeframe and/or within a specified budget, with us potentially being liable for costs to complete in excess of such timeframe or budget. However, we generally have "guaranteed maximum price"
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CB RICHARD ELLIS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
10. Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)
contracts with reputable general contractors with respect to projects for which we provide these guarantees. These contracts are intended to pass the risk to such contractors. While there can be no assurance, we do not expect to incur any material losses under these guarantees.
From time to time, we act as a general contractor with respect to construction projects. We do not consider these activities to be a material part of our business. In connection with these activities, we seek to subcontract construction work for certain projects to reputable subcontractors. Should construction defects arise relating to the underlying projects, we could potentially be liable to the client for the costs to repair such defects; we would generally look to the subcontractor that performed the work to remedy the defect and also look to insurance policies that cover this work. While there can be no assurance, we do not expect to incur material losses with respect to construction defects.
In January 2008, CBRE Melody entered into an agreement with Fannie Mae, under Fannie Mae's Delegated Underwriting and Servicing (DUS) Lender Program, to provide financing for apartments with five or more units. Under the DUS Program, CBRE Melody originates, underwrites, closes and services loans without prior approval by Fannie Mae, and in selected cases, is subject to sharing one-third of any losses on loans issued under the DUS program. CBRE Melody has funded loans subject to such loss sharing arrangements with unpaid principal balances of $300.1 million. Additionally, CBRE Melody has funded loans under the DUS program that are not subject to loss sharing arrangements with unpaid principal balances of approximately $205.0 million. CBRE Melody, under its agreement with Fannie Mae, must post cash reserves under formulas established by Fannie Mae to provide for sufficient capital in the event losses occur. As of September 30, 2008, CBRE Melody only had $0.6 million of cash reserved under this arrangement.
An important part of the strategy for our investment management business involves investing our capital in certain real estate investments with our clients. These co-investments typically range from 2% to 5% of the equity in a particular fund. As of September 30, 2008, we had committed $72.4 million to fund future co-investments.
Additionally, an important part of our development services business strategy is to invest in unconsolidated real estate subsidiaries as a principal (in most cases co-investing with our clients). As of September 30, 2008, we had committed to fund $13.9 million of additional capital to these unconsolidated subsidiaries.
11. Stock-Based Compensation
Stock Incentive Plans
2001 Stock Incentive Plan. Our 2001 stock incentive plan was adopted by our board of directors and approved by our stockholders on June 7, 2001. However, our 2001 stock incentive plan was terminated in June 2004 in connection with the adoption of our 2004 stock incentive plan, which is described below. The 2001 stock incentive plan permitted the grant of nonqualified stock options, incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units and other stock-based awards to our employees, directors or independent contractors. Since our 2001 stock incentive plan has been terminated, no shares remain available for issuance under it. However, as of September 30, 2008, outstanding stock options granted under the 2001 stock incentive plan to acquire 5,267,622 shares of our Class A common stock remain outstanding according to their terms, and we will
19
CB RICHARD ELLIS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
11. Stock-Based Compensation (Continued)
continue to issue shares to the extent required under the terms of such outstanding awards. Options granted under this plan have an exercise price of $1.92 and vest and are exercisable in 20% annual increments over five years from the date of grant. As of September 30, 2008, all options granted under this plan were fully vested and exercisable, except for 149,670 options which vest no later than the first quarter of 2009. Options granted under the 2001 stock incentive plan are subject to a maximum term of ten years from the date of grant. The number of shares issued pursuant to the stock incentive plan, or pursuant to outstanding awards, is subject to adjustment on account of stock splits, stock dividends and other dilutive changes in our Class A common stock. In the event of a change of control of our company, all outstanding options will become fully vested and exercisable.
Second Amended and Restated 2004 Stock Incentive Plan. Our 2004 stock incentive plan was adopted by our board of directors and approved by our stockholders on April 21, 2004, was amended and restated on April 14, 2005, was amended on September 6, 2006 and June 1, 2007, and was amended and restated again on June 2, 2008. The 2004 stock incentive plan authorizes the grant of stock-based awards to our employees, directors or independent contractors. A total of 20,785,218 shares of our Class A common stock initially were reserved for issuance under the 2004 stock incentive plan, which increased by 10,000,000 shares to a total of 30,785,218 shares with our most recent amendment and restatement. For awards granted prior to June 2, 2008 under this plan, this share reserve was reduced by one share upon grant of an option or stock appreciation right, and was reduced by 2.25 shares upon issuance of stock pursuant to other stock-based awards. For awards granted on or after June 2, 2008 under this plan, this share reserve is reduced by one share upon grant of all awards. In addition, full value awards, i.e., awards other than stock options and stock appreciation rights, are limited to no more than 75% of the total share reserve. Awards that expire, terminate or lapse will again be available for grant under this plan. Prior to June 2, 2008, pursuant to the terms of our original 2004 stock incentive plan, no employee was eligible to be granted options or stock appreciation rights covering more than 6,235,566 shares during any calendar year. This limitation was subject to a policy adopted by our board of directors, which stated that no person was eligible to be granted options, stock appreciation rights or restricted stock purchase rights covering more than 2,078,523 shares during any calendar year or to be granted any other form of stock award covering more than 1,039,260 shares during any calendar year. Effective June 2, 2008, no person is eligible to be granted awards in the aggregate covering more than 2,000,000 shares during any calendar year. The number of shares issued or reserved pursuant to the 2004 stock incentive plan, or pursuant to outstanding awards, is subject to adjustment on account of mergers, consolidations, reorganizations, stock splits, stock dividends and other dilutive changes in our common stock. In addition, our board of directors may adjust outstanding awards to preserve the awards' benefits or potential benefits.
As of September 30, 2008, 7,793,790 shares were subject to options issued under our 2004 stock incentive plan and 10,351,780 shares remained available for future grants under the 2004 stock incentive plan. Options granted under this plan during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 have exercise prices in the range of $13.29 to $22.00, which primarily vest and are exercisable generally in equal annual increments over four years from the date of grant.
20
CB RICHARD ELLIS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
11. Stock-Based Compensation (Continued)
A summary of the status of our option plans is presented in the tables below:
| Shares | Weighted Average Exercise Price | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Outstanding at December 31, 2007 | 12,566,895 | $ | 9.38 | ||||
Exercised | (827,104 | ) | 4.60 | ||||
Granted | 1,694,340 | 13.41 | |||||
Forfeited | (333,606 | ) | 15.85 | ||||
Expired | (39,113 | ) | 19.77 | ||||
Outstanding at September 30, 2008 | 13,061,412 | $ | 9.99 | ||||
Vested and expected to vest at September 30, 2008 (1) | 12,816,466 | $ | 9.99 | ||||
Exercisable at September 30, 2008 | 9,337,963 | $ | 7.01 | ||||
- (1)
- The expected to vest options are the result of applying the pre-vesting forfeiture rate assumption to total outstanding options.
Options outstanding at September 30, 2008 and their related weighted average exercise price, intrinsic value and life information is presented below:
| Outstanding Options | Exercisable Options | ||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Exercise Prices | Number Outstanding | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Aggregate Intrinsic Value | Number Exercisable | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Aggregate Intrinsic Value | |||||||||||||||
$1.92 | 5,267,622 | 4.3 | $ | 1.92 | 5,117,952 | $ | 1.92 | |||||||||||||||
$6.33 - $7.46 | 1,990,406 | 1.0 | 7.44 | 1,990,406 | 7.44 | |||||||||||||||||
$11.10 - $15.43 | 3,828,838 | 5.2 | 14.35 | 1,523,982 | 15.18 | |||||||||||||||||
$22.00 - $25.67 | 865,634 | 5.0 | 23.47 | 425,710 | 23.51 | |||||||||||||||||
$27.19 - $37.43 | 1,108,912 | 5.9 | 27.34 | 279,913 | 27.43 | |||||||||||||||||
13,061,412 | 4.2 | $ | 9.99 | $ | 72,503,850 | 9,337,963 | $ | 7.01 | $ | 70,564,010 | ||||||||||||
At September 30, 2008, the aggregate intrinsic value and weighted average remaining contractual life for options vested and expected to vest were $72.4 million and 4.2 years, respectively.
In accordance with SFAS No. 123 (Revised), "Share Based Payment," we estimate the fair value of our options using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which takes into account assumptions such as the dividend yield, the risk-free interest rate, the expected stock price volatility and the expected life of the options.
The total estimated grant date fair value of stock options that vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 was $11.4 million. The weighted average fair value of options granted by us was $6.54 and $12.35 for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, and $6.58 and $12.43 for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The fair value of
21
CB RICHARD ELLIS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
11. Stock-Based Compensation (Continued)
each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, utilizing the following weighted average assumptions:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 2007 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||||
Dividend yield | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | |||||||||
Risk-free interest rate | 3.02% | 4.13% | 3.02% | 4.14% | |||||||||
Expected volatility | 51.97% | 44.52% | 51.97% | 44.41% | |||||||||
Expected life | 5 years | 5 years | 5 years | 5 years |
The dividend yield assumption is excluded from the calculation, as it is our present intention to retain all earnings. The expected volatility is based on a combination of our historical stock price and implied volatility. The selection of implied volatility data to estimate expected volatility is based upon the availability of actively traded options on our stock. The risk-free interest rate is based upon the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for periods corresponding with the expected life of the options. The expected life of our stock options represents the estimated period of time until exercise and is based on historical experience of similar options, giving consideration to the contractual terms, vesting schedules and expectations of future employee behavior.
Option valuation models require the input of subjective assumptions including the expected stock price volatility and expected life. Because our employee stock options have characteristics significantly different from those of traded options and because changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate, we do not believe that the Black-Scholes model necessarily provides a reliable single measure of the fair value of our employee stock options.
Total compensation expense related to stock options was $3.3 million and $2.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, and $8.6 million and $7.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively. In addition, during the nine months ended September 30, 2007, we incurred $9.8 million of expense resulting from the acceleration of vesting of stock options in connection with the termination of duplicative employees as a result of the Trammell Crow Company Acquisition, which is included in merger-related charges in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations. At September 30, 2008, total unrecognized estimated compensation cost related to non-vested stock options was approximately $26.7 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2.9 years.
The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 was $12.0 million and $50.7 million, respectively. We recorded cash received from stock option exercises of $3.8 million and $9.1 million and related tax benefits of $4.3 million and $15.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Upon option exercise, we issue new shares of stock. Excess tax benefits exist when the tax deduction resulting from the exercise of options exceeds the compensation cost recorded.
We have issued non-vested stock awards, including shares and stock units, in our Class A common stock to certain of our employees and members of our board of directors. During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, we granted non-vested stock awards of 2,371,987 shares, which primarily
22
CB RICHARD ELLIS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
11. Stock-Based Compensation (Continued)
vest and are exercisable generally in equal annual increments over four years from the date of grant. During the nine months ended September 30, 2007, we granted non-vested stock awards of 819,679 shares, of which 57,902 shares were restricted stock awards which immediately vested at the date of grant, with the remaining shares primarily vesting and exercisable generally in equal annual increments over four years from the date of grant. In addition, we granted 529,907 and 297,779 of non-vested stock units to certain of our employees during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively. These non-vested stock units all vest in 2016. A summary of the status of our non-vested stock awards is presented in the table below:
| Shares/Units | Weighted Average Market Value Per Share | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Balance at December 31, 2007 | 2,493,581 | $ | 26.52 | ||||
Granted | 2,901,894 | 14.40 | |||||
Vested | (403,696 | ) | 22.88 | ||||
Forfeited | (121,565 | ) | 25.84 | ||||
Balance at September 30, 2008 | 4,870,214 | $ | 19.62 | ||||
Total compensation expense related to non-vested stock awards was $4.6 million and $12.7 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008. Total compensation expense was $3.3 million and $10.7 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007. Total compensation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 includes $2.0 million of compensation expense related to the 57,902 shares of restricted stock, which immediately vested at the date of grant. In addition, during the nine months ended September 30, 2007, we incurred $1.0 million of expense resulting from the acceleration of vesting of non-vested stock awards in connection with the termination of duplicative employees as a result of the Trammell Crow Company Acquisition, which is included in merger-related charges in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations. At September 30, 2008, total unrecognized estimated compensation cost related to non-vested stock awards was approximately $84.9 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 4.4 years.
12. Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period. Where appropriate, the computation of diluted earnings per share further assumes the dilutive effect of potential common shares, which include stock options and certain contingently issuable shares. Contingently issuable shares represent non-vested stock awards. In accordance with SFAS No. 128, "Earnings Per Share," these shares are included in the
23
CB RICHARD ELLIS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
12. Earnings Per Share (Continued)
dilutive earnings per share calculation under the treasury stock method. The following is a calculation of earnings per share (dollars in thousands, except share data):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Income | Shares | Per Share Amount | Income | Shares | Per Share Amount | ||||||||||||||
Basic earnings per share: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net income applicable to common stockholders | $ | 40,373 | 203,680,475 | $ | 0.20 | $ | 114,947 | 230,997,817 | $ | 0.50 | ||||||||||
Diluted earnings per share: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net income applicable to common stockholders | $ | 40,373 | 203,680,475 | $ | 114,947 | 230,997,817 | ||||||||||||||
Dilutive effect of contingently issuable shares | — | 181,707 | — | 575,457 | ||||||||||||||||
Dilutive effect of stock options | — | 3,844,068 | — | 5,877,590 | ||||||||||||||||
Net income applicable to common stockholders | $ | 40,373 | 207,706,250 | $ | 0.19 | $ | 114,947 | 237,450,864 | $ | 0.48 | ||||||||||
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Income | Shares | Per Share Amount | Income | Shares | Per Share Amount | ||||||||||||||
Basic earnings per share: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net income applicable to common stockholders | $ | 77,390 | 203,409,873 | $ | 0.38 | $ | 268,059 | 230,406,342 | $ | 1.16 | ||||||||||
Diluted earnings per share: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net income applicable to common stockholders | $ | 77,390 | 203,409,873 | $ | 268,059 | 230,406,342 | ||||||||||||||
Dilutive effect of contingently issuable shares | — | 225,413 | — | 585,837 | ||||||||||||||||
Dilutive effect of stock options | — | 4,307,589 | — | 6,298,937 | ||||||||||||||||
Net income applicable to common stockholders | $ | 77,390 | 207,942,875 | $ | 0.37 | $ | 268,059 | 237,291,116 | $ | 1.13 | ||||||||||
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, options to purchase 5,665,228 shares and 3,646,166 shares, respectively, of common stock were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because their inclusion would have had an anti-dilutive effect. There were 1,202,891 and 420,867 anti-dilutive shares for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007, respectively.
24
CB RICHARD ELLIS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
13. Comprehensive (Loss) Income
Comprehensive (loss) income consists of net income and other comprehensive (loss) income. In the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, accumulated other comprehensive loss consists of foreign currency translation adjustments, pension adjustments, unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate swaps and interest rate caps, and unrealized holding (losses) gains on available for sale securities. Foreign currency translation adjustments exclude any income tax effect given that the earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries are deemed to be reinvested for an indefinite period of time.
The following table provides a summary of comprehensive (loss) income (dollars in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 2007 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||
Net income | $ | 40,373 | $ | 114,947 | $ | 77,390 | $ | 268,059 | ||||||
Other comprehensive (loss) income: | ||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation (losses) gains and other | (67,010 | ) | 24,763 | (48,178 | ) | 32,818 | ||||||||
Pension adjustments, net of tax | — | 16,713 | — | 17,227 | ||||||||||
Unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate swaps and interest rate caps, net | 7,231 | (10,969 | ) | 8,560 | (2,683 | ) | ||||||||
Unrealized holding (losses) gains on available for sale securities, net | (1,177 | ) | (333 | ) | (629 | ) | 604 | |||||||
Total other comprehensive (loss) income | (60,956 | ) | 30,174 | (40,247 | ) | 47,966 | ||||||||
Comprehensive (loss) income | $ | (20,583 | ) | $ | 145,121 | $ | 37,143 | $ | 316,025 | |||||
14. Pensions
We have two contributory defined benefit pension plans in the U.K., which we acquired in connection with previous acquisitions. Our subsidiaries based in the U.K. maintain the plans to provide retirement benefits to existing and former employees participating in these plans. During the third quarter of 2007, we reached agreements with the active members of these plans to freeze future pension plan benefits. In return, the active members became eligible to enroll in the CBRE Group Personal Pension Plan, a defined contribution plan in the U.K.
Net periodic pension benefit consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 2007 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||||
Service cost | $ | — | $ | 186 | $ | — | $ | 4,038 | |||||
Interest cost | 4,417 | 4,525 | 13,724 | 12,734 | |||||||||
Expected return on plan assets | (4,675 | ) | (5,057 | ) | (14,517 | ) | (13,712 | ) | |||||
Curtailment gain | — | (9,988 | ) | — | (9,988 | ) | |||||||
Amortization of prior service benefit | — | (4 | ) | — | (441 | ) | |||||||
Amortization of unrecognized net loss (gain) | 156 | (2,627 | ) | 484 | (1,685 | ) | |||||||
Net periodic pension benefit | $ | (102 | ) | $ | (12,965 | ) | $ | (309 | ) | $ | (9,054 | ) | |
25
CB RICHARD ELLIS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
14. Pensions (Continued)
We contributed $0.7 million and $3.1 million to fund our pension plans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, respectively. We expect to contribute a total of $4.5 million to fund our pension plans for the year ending December 31, 2008.
15. Merger-Related Charges
In connection with the Trammell Crow Company Acquisition, we recorded merger-related charges of $5.1 million and $39.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007. These charges primarily related to the termination of employees as well as the exit of facilities that were occupied by us prior to the Trammell Crow Company Acquisition, both of which became duplicative as a result of the Trammell Crow Company Acquisition.
We recorded charges for the exit of these facilities as premises were vacated and for redundant employees as these employees were terminated, both in accordance with SFAS No. 146,"Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities." The remaining liability associated with items previously charged to merger-related charges in connection with the Trammell Crow Company Acquisition consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):
| Liability Balance at December 31, 2007 | 2008 Utilization | To be Utilized at September 30, 2008 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lease termination costs | $ | 14,517 | $ | (4,140 | ) | $ | 10,377 | |||
Severance | 1,005 | (1,005 | ) | — | ||||||
Total merger-related charges | $ | 15,522 | $ | (5,145 | ) | $ | 10,377 | |||
16. Disposition of Real Estate
Gains on disposition of real estate are recognized upon sale of the underlying project in accordance with SFAS No. 66,"Accounting for Sales of Real Estate." We evaluate each real estate transaction to determine if it qualifies for gain recognition under the full accrual method. If the transaction does not meet the criteria for the full accrual method of profit recognition based on our assessment, we account for a sale based on an appropriate deferral method determined by the nature and extent of the buyer's investment and our continuing involvement. Our gain on disposition of real estate was $9.8 million and $13.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, respectively, and $16.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007.
17. Discontinued Operations
In the ordinary course of business of our Development Services segment, we sell real estate assets, or hold real estate assets for sale, that may be considered components of an entity in accordance with SFAS No. 144. If we do not have, or expect to have, significant continuing involvement with the operation of these real estate assets after sale, we are required to recognize operating profits or losses and gains or losses on sale of these assets as discontinued operations in our consolidated statements of operations in the periods in which they occur. Real estate operations and dispositions accounted for as
26
CB RICHARD ELLIS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
17. Discontinued Operations (Continued)
discontinued operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 were as follows (dollars in thousands):
Revenue | $ | 1,251 | |||
Costs and expenses: | |||||
Operating, administrative and other | 659 | ||||
Depreciation and amortization | 92 | ||||
Total costs and expenses | 751 | ||||
Gain on disposition of real estate | 32,816 | ||||
Operating income | 33,316 | ||||
Minority interest expense | 16,523 | ||||
Interest income | 124 | ||||
Interest expense | 649 | ||||
Income from discontinued operations, before provision for income taxes | 16,268 | ||||
Provision for income taxes | 6,043 | ||||
Income from discontinued operations, net of income taxes | $ | 10,225 | |||
18. Sale of Savills plc
In January 2007, we sold Trammell Crow Company's approximately 19% ownership interest in Savills plc and generated a pre-tax loss of $34.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2007, which was largely driven by stock price depreciation at the date of sale as compared to December 31, 2006 when the investment was marked to market. The loss is included in other loss in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. We received approximately $311.0 million of pre-tax proceeds from the sale, net of selling expenses.
19. Liabilities Related to Acquisitions
The Trammell Crow Company Acquisition gave rise to the acceleration of vesting of some restricted shares of Trammell Crow Company common stock as a result of the change in control of Trammell Crow Company as well as costs associated with exiting contracts and other contractual obligations. Additionally, the Trammell Crow Company Acquisition gave rise to the consolidation and elimination of some Trammell Crow Company duplicate facilities and redundant employees as well as lawsuits involving Trammell Crow Company. As a result, we accrued certain liabilities in accordance with Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) Issue No. 95-3,"Recognition of Liabilities in Connection with a Purchase Business Combination." The remaining liabilities assumed in connection with the Trammell
27
CB RICHARD ELLIS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
19. Liabilities Related to Acquisitions (Continued)
Crow Company Acquisition consist of the following and are included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets (dollars in thousands):
| Liability Balance at December 31, 2007 | 2008 Utilization | To be Utilized at September 30, 2008 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Costs associated with exiting contracts and other contractual obligations | $ | 9,772 | $ | (9,418 | ) | $ | 354 | |||
Lease termination costs | 7,050 | (3,087 | ) | 3,963 | ||||||
Legal settlements anticipated | 3,819 | (226 | ) | 3,593 | ||||||
Severance | 1,984 | (1,984 | ) | — | ||||||
$ | 22,625 | $ | (14,715 | ) | $ | 7,910 | ||||
The Insignia Acquisition gave rise to the consolidation and elimination of some Insignia duplicate facilities as well as the termination of certain contracts as a result of a change of control of Insignia. As a result, we accrued certain liabilities in accordance with EITF Issue No. 95-3. The remaining liabilities assumed in connection with the Insignia Acquisition consist of the following and are included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets (dollars in thousands):
| Liability Balance at December 31, 2007 | 2008 Utilization | To be Utilized at September 30, 2008 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lease termination costs | $ | 6,421 | $ | (1,521 | ) | $ | 4,900 | |||
Legal settlements anticipated | 2,143 | (12 | ) | 2,131 | ||||||
$ | 8,564 | $ | (1,533 | ) | $ | 7,031 | ||||
The remaining liability associated with items previously charged to merger-related charges in connection with the Insignia Acquisition consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):
| Liability Balance at December 31, 2007 | 2008 Utilization | To be Utilized at September 30, 2008 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lease termination costs | $ | 10,799 | $ | (2,261 | ) | $ | 8,538 |
20. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
SFAS No. 157 requires disclosure of fair value information about financial instruments, whether or not recognized in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash: These balances include cash and cash equivalents as well as restricted cash with maturities of less than three months. The carrying amount approximates fair value due to the short-term maturities of these instruments.
28
CB RICHARD ELLIS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
20. Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Continued)
Receivables, less Allowance for Doubtful Accounts: Due to their short-term nature, fair value approximates carrying value.
Warehouse Receivables: Due to their short-term nature, fair value approximates carrying value. Fair value is determined based on the terms and conditions of funded mortgage loans and generally reflects the values of the warehouse lines of credit outstanding for our wholly-owned subsidiary, CBRE Melody (See Note 9).
Available for Sale Securities: These investments are carried at their fair value. During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, we recorded a $4.6 million write-down of our investment in New City Residence Investment Corp. due to a decline in market valuation, which is recorded in other loss in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The fair value measurement utilized was the stock price quoted on the Tokyo Stock Exchange, which is included in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy under SFAS No. 157.
Short-Term Borrowings: The majority of this balance represents our revolving credit facility and our warehouse lines of credit outstanding for CBRE Melody. Due to the variable interest rates of these instruments, fair value approximates carrying value (See Note 9).
Senior Secured Term Loans, Long-Term Debt and Notes Payable on Real Estate: Borrowings are floating rate instruments and we believe that for similar financial instruments with comparable credit risks, the stated interest rates as of September 30, 2008 (floating rates at spreads over a market rate index) approximate market rates. Accordingly, the carrying value is believed to approximate fair value (see Note 9).
21. Industry Segments
We report our operations through five segments. The segments are as follows: (1) Americas, (2) EMEA, (3) Asia Pacific, (4) Global Investment Management and (5) Development Services.
The Americas segment is our largest segment of operations and provides a comprehensive range of services throughout the U.S. and in the largest regions of Canada and selected parts of Latin America. The primary services offered consist of the following: real estate services, mortgage loan origination and servicing, valuation services, asset services and corporate services.
Our EMEA and Asia Pacific segments provide services similar to the Americas business segment. The EMEA segment has operations primarily in Europe, while the Asia Pacific segment has operations primarily in Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
Our Global Investment Management business provides investment management services to clients seeking to generate returns and diversification through investments in real estate in the United States, Europe and Asia.
Our Development Services business consists of real estate development and investment activities primarily in the United States, which we acquired in the Trammell Crow Company Acquisition on December 20, 2006.
29
CB RICHARD ELLIS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
21. Industry Segments (Continued)
Summarized financial information by segment is as follows (dollars in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 2007 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||
Revenue | ||||||||||||||
Americas | $ | 816,225 | $ | 914,715 | $ | 2,385,227 | $ | 2,640,618 | ||||||
EMEA | 271,686 | 320,208 | 814,185 | 876,374 | ||||||||||
Asia Pacific | 141,452 | 134,460 | 434,551 | 350,222 | ||||||||||
Global Investment Management | 39,823 | 99,098 | 122,058 | 268,526 | ||||||||||
Development Services | 30,549 | 24,328 | 89,512 | 61,393 | ||||||||||
$ | 1,299,735 | $ | 1,492,809 | $ | 3,845,533 | $ | 4,197,133 | |||||||
Operating income (loss) | ||||||||||||||
Americas | $ | 67,831 | $ | 102,379 | $ | 177,383 | $ | 216,214 | ||||||
EMEA | 18,218 | 66,042 | 53,442 | 164,167 | ||||||||||
Asia Pacific | 5,124 | 18,266 | 39,104 | 52,800 | ||||||||||
Global Investment Management | 20,719 | 20,760 | 19,516 | 87,965 | ||||||||||
Development Services | (3,517 | ) | 7,807 | (22,889 | ) | (14,148 | ) | |||||||
108,375 | 215,254 | 266,556 | 506,998 | |||||||||||
Equity (loss) income from unconsolidated subsidiaries | ||||||||||||||
Americas | (367 | ) | 5,813 | (8,828 | ) | 15,455 | ||||||||
EMEA | 719 | 364 | 1,192 | 996 | ||||||||||
Asia Pacific | 3 | (6 | ) | 10 | (24 | ) | ||||||||
Global Investment Management | (1,310 | ) | 2,773 | (14,119 | ) | 14,529 | ||||||||
Development Services | (2,453 | ) | (2,924 | ) | (4,177 | ) | 5,228 | |||||||
(3,408 | ) | 6,020 | (25,922 | ) | 36,184 | |||||||||
Minority interest expense (income) | ||||||||||||||
Americas | 660 | 753 | 1,240 | 1,237 | ||||||||||
EMEA | (693 | ) | 871 | (1,123 | ) | 1,761 | ||||||||
Asia Pacific | (514 | ) | 929 | 1,588 | 5,917 | |||||||||
Global Investment Management | 764 | 980 | 637 | 1,193 | ||||||||||
Development Services | (989 | ) | 6,159 | (10,721 | ) | 2,319 | ||||||||
(772 | ) | 9,692 | (8,379 | ) | 12,427 | |||||||||
Other loss | — | — | 4,607 | 37,534 | ||||||||||
Interest income | 4,400 | 7,937 | 14,107 | 20,922 | ||||||||||
Interest expense | 42,290 | 40,417 | 126,855 | 124,572 | ||||||||||
Income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes | $ | 67,849 | $ | 179,102 | $ | 131,658 | $ | 389,571 | ||||||
30
CB RICHARD ELLIS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
22. New Accounting Pronouncements
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 158, "Employers' Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans—an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R)." SFAS No. 158 requires an employer to recognize the funded status of each pension and other post-retirement benefit plan as an asset or liability on their balance sheet with all unrecognized amounts to be recorded in other comprehensive income. As required, we adopted this provision of SFAS No. 158 and initially applied it to the funded status of our defined benefit pension plans as of December 31, 2006. SFAS No. 158 also ultimately requires an employer to measure the funded status of a plan as of the date of the employer's fiscal year-end statement of financial position. As required, we will adopt the provisions of SFAS No. 158 relative to the measurement date in our fiscal year ending December 31, 2008. We are currently evaluating the impact, if any, that the full adoption of SFAS No. 158 will have on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, "Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements—An Amendment of ARB No. 51." SFAS No. 160 establishes accounting and reporting standards for a parent company's noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. Under SFAS No. 160, a change in control will be measured at fair value, with any gain or loss recognized in earnings. SFAS No. 160 is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2008. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of SFAS No. 160 on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (Revised 2007), "Business Combinations," or SFAS No. 141R. SFAS No. 141R amends SFAS No. 141 and provides revised guidance for recognizing and measuring assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. This statement also requires that transaction costs in a business combination be expensed as incurred. Changes in acquired tax contingencies, including those existing at the date of adoption, will be recognized in earnings if outside the maximum allocation period (generally one year). SFAS No. 141R will apply prospectively to business combinations for which the acquisition date is after fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2008. We are currently evaluating the impact of SFAS No. 141R.
In February 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position (FSP) 157-2, "Effective Date of SFAS No. 157." FSP 157-2 delays the effective date of SFAS No. 157 for all non-financial assets and liabilities, except for items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually), until fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 157 for financial assets and liabilities as of January 1, 2008 and there was no significant impact to our consolidated financial position and results of operations. We are currently evaluating the impact that SFAS No. 157 will have on our consolidated financial position and results of operations when it is applied to non-financial assets and liabilities, except for items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis.
In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, "Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, an amendment of SFAS No. 133." SFAS No. 161 requires additional disclosures about the objectives of the derivative instruments and hedging activities, the method of accounting for such instruments under SFAS No. 133 and its related interpretations, and a tabular disclosure of the effects of such instruments and related hedged items on our financial position, financial performance and cash flows. SFAS No. 161 is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008.
31
CB RICHARD ELLIS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
22. New Accounting Pronouncements (Continued)
We are currently evaluating the disclosure impact of the adoption of SFAS No. 161 on our consolidated financial statements.
In April 2008, the FASB issued FSP No. 142-3, "Determination of the Useful Life of Intangible Assets." FSP No. 142-3 amends the factors that should be considered in developing renewal or extension assumptions used to determine the useful life of a recognized intangible asset under SFAS No. 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets." The intent of this FSP is to improve the consistency between the useful life of a recognized intangible asset and the period of expected cash flows used to measure the fair value of the asset under SFAS No. 141, and other GAAP. FSP No. 142-3 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption prohibited. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of FSP No. 142-3 on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 162, "The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles." SFAS No. 162 identifies the sources of accounting principles and the framework for selecting principles to be used in the preparation of financial statements of nongovernmental entities that are presented in conformity with GAAP in the United States. This statement shall be effective 60 days following the SEC's approval of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board's amendments to AU section 411, "The Meaning of Present Fairly in Conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles." We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of SFAS No. 162 on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 163, "Accounting for Financial Guarantee Insurance Contracts—an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 60." SFAS No. 163 requires that an insurance enterprise recognize a claim liability prior to an event of default (insured event) when there is evidence that credit deterioration has occurred in an insured financial obligation. This statement also clarifies how SFAS No. 60, "Accounting and Reporting by Insurance Enterprises," applies to financial guarantee insurance contracts, including the recognition and measurement to be used to account for premium revenue and claim liabilities. This statement is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2008. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of SFAS No. 163 on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In June 2008, the FASB issued EITF Issue No. 08-3, "Accounting by Lessees for Nonrefundable Maintenance Deposits." EITF Issue No. 08-3 requires that nonrefundable maintenance deposits paid by a lessee under an arrangement accounted for as a lease be accounted for as a deposit asset until the underlying maintenance is performed. When the underlying maintenance is performed, the deposit may be expensed or capitalized in accordance with the lessee's maintenance accounting policy. Upon adoption, entities must recognize the effect of the change as a change in accounting principal. EITF Issue No. 08-3 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of EITF Issue No. 08-3 on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In June 2008, the FASB issued FSP EITF 03-6-1, "Determining Whether Instruments Granted in Share-Based Payment Transactions are Participating Securities." FSP EITF 03-6-1 clarifies that unvested share-based payment awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (whether paid or unpaid) are participating securities and are to be included in the computation of
32
CB RICHARD ELLIS GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
22. New Accounting Pronouncements (Continued)
earnings per share under the two-class method described in SFAS No. 128. FSP EITF 03-6-1 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008.
In September 2008, the FASB issued EITF Issue No. 08-5, "Issuer's Accounting for Liabilities Measured at Fair Value With a Third-Party Credit Enhancement." EITF Issue No. 08-5 provides guidance for measuring liabilities issued with an attached third-party credit enhancement (such as a guarantee). It clarifies that the issuer of a liability with a third-party credit enhancement (such as a guarantee) should not include the effect of the credit enhancement in the fair value measurement of the liability. EITF Issue No. 08-5 is effective for the first reporting period beginning after December 15, 2008, with early adoption permitted. We are currently assessing the impact of the adoption of EITF Issue No. 08-5 on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In September 2008, the FASB issued FSP SFAS No. 133-1 and FASB Interpretation No. (FIN) 45-4, "Disclosures about Credit Derivatives and Certain Guarantees: An Amendment of FASB Statement No. 133 and FASB Interpretation No. 45; and Clarification of the Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 161." FSP No. 133-1 requires more extensive disclosures regarding potential adverse effects of changes in credit risk on the financial position, financial performance, and cash flows of sellers of credit derivatives. FSP No. 133-1 also amends FIN 45, "Guarantor's Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness to Others," to require additional disclosure about the current status of the payment or performance risk of a guarantee. FSP No. 133-1 also clarifies the effective date of SFAS No. 161, by stating that the disclosures required should be provided for any reporting period (annual or quarterly interim) beginning after November 15, 2008. We are currently evaluating the disclosure impact of adoption of FSP No. 133-1 on our consolidated financial statements.
In October 2008, the FASB issued FSP No. 157-3, "Determining the Fair Value of a Financial Asset When the Market for That Asset Is Not Active." FSP No. 157-3 clarifies the application of SFAS No. 157 in a market that is not active. It demonstrates how the fair value of a financial asset is determined when the market for that financial asset is inactive. FSP No. 157-3 was effective upon issuance, including prior periods for which financial statements had not been issued. The adoption of FSP No. 157-3 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.
23. Subsequent Event
On November 5, 2008, based on prevailing market conditions, our board of directors authorized our Chief Executive Officer to modify or to terminate our U.S. deferred compensation plans, subject to applicable regulatory requirements. We have notified participants that we will be modifying the plans pursuant to the transition rules under Internal Revenue Code Section 409A to allow participants to make new elections prior to year-end to receive distributions of plan assets at dates they specify in 2009. Upon the completion of the distribution process, we anticipate that we will terminate the plans. These actions are expected to accelerate future distributions from the plans of cash and shares of our Class A common stock to the participants of such plans but will not have any material effect on our statement of operations. The plans are substantially fully-funded and the shares to be distributed are included in our earnings per share calculations. Upon distribution to the participants, we expect to receive a tax deduction of approximately $100.0 million in 2009.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for CB Richard Ellis Group, Inc. for the three months ended September 30, 2008, represents an update to the more detailed and comprehensive disclosures included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007. Accordingly, you should read the following discussion in conjunction with the information included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K as well as the unaudited financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
In addition, some of the statements and assumptions in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 or Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, each as amended, including, in particular, statements about our plans, strategies and prospects and estimates of industry growth for the fourth quarter and beyond. See "Forward-Looking Statements."
Overview
We are the world's largest commercial real estate services firm, based on 2007 revenue, with leading full-service operations in major metropolitan areas throughout the world. We offer a full range of services to occupiers, owners, lenders and investors in office, retail, industrial, multi-family and other types of commercial real estate. As of December 31, 2007, excluding affiliate offices, we operated more than 300 offices worldwide with over 29,000 employees providing commercial real estate services under the "CB Richard Ellis" brand name and development services under the "Trammell Crow" brand name. Our business is focused on several service competencies, including tenant representation, property/agency leasing, property sales, commercial property and corporate facilities management, valuation, real estate investment management, development services, commercial mortgage origination and servicing, capital markets (equity and debt) solutions and proprietary research. We generate revenues on a per project or transactional basis and from contractual management fees. In 2006, we became the first commercial real estate services company included in the S&P 500. In both 2007 and 2008, we were included on both theFortune list of Fastest Growing U.S. Companies and theBusiness Week list of 50 "Best in Class" companies across all industries. In 2008, we also became the first commercial real estate services company in theFortune 500, debuting at #404.
When you read our financial statements and the information included in this section, you should consider that we have experienced, and continue to experience, several material trends and uncertainties that have affected our financial condition and results of operations that make it challenging to predict our future performance based on our historical results. We believe that the following material trends and uncertainties are most crucial to an understanding of the variability in our historical earnings and cash flows and the potential for such variances in the future:
Macroeconomic Conditions
Economic trends and government policies directly affect our operations as well as global and regional commercial real estate markets generally. These include: overall economic activity and employment growth, interest rate levels, the availability of credit to finance transactions and the impact of tax and regulatory policies. Recently, concerns over the availability and cost of credit, the U.S. mortgage market, a declining real estate market in the United States, unemployment, the prospects of a global recession and geopolitical issues have contributed to increased volatility and diminished expectations for the economy and the credit, mortgage and real estate markets. Periods of economic slowdown or recession, significantly rising interest rates, a declining employment level, a declining demand for real estate or the public perception that any of these events may occur, has affected and may continue to negatively affect the performance of many of our business lines. Weak economic
34
conditions have resulted and may continue to result in a general decrease in transaction activity and decline in rents and property values, which, in turn, has reduced and may continue to reduce revenue from property management fees and from brokerage commissions derived from property sales and leases. In addition, these conditions could lead to continued declines in funds invested in commercial real estate and related assets. A sustained economic downturn or a significant increase in interest rates or the absence of reasonably priced debt financing has reduced and may continue to reduce the amount of loan originations and related servicing by our commercial mortgage brokerage business.
Adverse changes in economic conditions would also affect our compensation expense, which is structured to decrease in line with any decrease in revenues. Compensation is our largest expense and the sales and leasing professionals in our largest line of business, advisory services, generally are paid on a commission and bonus basis that correlates with our revenue performance. As a result, the negative effect on our operating margins during difficult market conditions is partially mitigated. In addition, in circumstances when economic conditions are particularly severe, our management can look to improve operational performance by reducing discretionary bonuses, curtailing capital expenditures, adjusting overall staffing levels and implementing other measures to cut operating expenses. Notwithstanding these approaches, adverse global and regional economic changes remain one of the most significant risks to our financial condition and results of operations.
Beginning in 2003, economic conditions in the Americas, our largest segment in terms of revenue, rebounded from the economic downturn in 2001 and 2002. The recovery, which positively impacted the commercial real estate market generally, continued through the second quarter of 2007, helping our Americas segment's revenue, particularly leasing and sales revenue, to improve. Since the third quarter of 2007, U.S. economic activity has progressively weakened due initially to stresses in the residential housing and financial sectors, but eventually encompassing virtually all segments of the economy. These stresses led to a severe global financial dislocation late in the third quarter of 2008, which caused credit markets to freeze and assets of all types—the riskiest to the most secure—to significantly decrease in value due to the pervasive loss of investor confidence. These conditions have also led to increasingly negative job growth thus far in 2008, and a contraction of overall economic activity in the third quarter, resulting in a general decline in leasing activity and an accelerating increase in vacancy rates across the United States. U.S. investment sales activity declined sharply beginning in late 2007 and has remained at weak levels to date in 2008 due to the absence of reasonably priced debt financing, and growing investor reluctance to commit to purchase property in the face of market uncertainty. These adverse conditions also began to affect our Development Services and Global Investment Management businesses in the United States beginning in 2008 as opportunities for dispositions of assets held by these business segments were markedly reduced. A rebound of the U.S. sales, leasing, Development Services and Global Investment Management businesses will depend upon credit markets returning to more normalized conditions, and the U.S. economy resuming its growth.
The weakening capital markets trend experienced in the United States began to manifest in the United Kingdom in late 2007, and in continental Europe beginning in early 2008. As a result, investment sales and global investment management activities in Europe slowed markedly and worsened further in the third quarter of 2008. Declining economic activity in Europe also resulted in lower levels of leasing activity beginning in the second quarter of 2008. The markets in Asia Pacific also began to experience progressively more severe effects from the global credit market difficulties and worldwide economic slowdown, as reflected in lower investment sales activity beginning in the second quarter of 2008 and further softening in the third quarter of 2008.
Leverage
On December 5, 2006, in connection with our acquisition of Trammell Crow Company, we successfully tendered substantially all of our remaining 93/4% senior notes due in 2010, with the remainder repaid in May of 2007. Although we paid down our high-interest debt in 2006, we borrowed
35
approximately $2.1 billion under our new senior secured term loan facilities in December 2006 to finance our acquisition of Trammell Crow Company. On March 27, 2008, we exercised the accordion provision of our Credit Agreement, which added an additional $300.0 million term loan. As a result, we are highly leveraged and have significant debt service obligations.
Although our management believes that the incurrence of long-term indebtedness has been important in the development of our business, including facilitating our acquisitions of Insignia and Trammell Crow Company, the cash flow necessary to service this debt is not available for other general corporate purposes, which may limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and in the commercial real estate services industry. Our management seeks to mitigate this exposure both through the refinancing of debt when available on attractive terms and through selective early repayment and retirement of indebtedness. For example, in June 2006, we entered into a new $600.0 million revolving credit facility, which fully replaced our former credit agreement on more favorable terms. Additionally, we repaid $286.0 million of our senior secured term loans during the year ended December 31, 2007. Our management generally expects to continue to look for opportunities to reduce our debt in the future.
Notwithstanding the actions described above, however, our level of indebtedness and the operating and financial restrictions in our debt agreements both place constraints on the operation of our business. Our Credit Agreement contains financial covenants that currently require us to maintain a minimum coverage ratio of interest of 2.25x and a maximum leverage ratio of EBITDA (as defined in our Credit Agreement) to total debt less available cash of 3.75x. Our ability to meet these financial ratios can be affected by events beyond our control, and we cannot assure that we will be able to meet those ratios when required. If our EBITDA continues to decline in future periods as it has in recent periods, we may be unable to comply with these financial covenants under our Credit Agreement.
Effects of Acquisitions
Our management historically has made significant use of strategic acquisitions to add new service competencies, to increase our scale within existing competencies and to expand our presence in various geographic regions around the world. For example, we enhanced our mortgage brokerage services through our 1996 acquisition of L.J. Melody & Company (now known as CBRE Melody) and we significantly increased the scale of our investment management business through our 1995 acquisition of Westmark Realty Advisors (now known as CB Richard Ellis Investors), our 1997 acquisition of Koll Real Estate Services and our 1998 acquisition of the London-based firm Hillier Parker May & Rowden. Our 2003 acquisition of Insignia Financial Group, Inc. (Insignia) significantly increased the scale of our real estate advisory services and outsourcing services business lines in our Americas segment and also significantly increased our presence in the New York, London and Paris metropolitan areas.
In December 2006, we completed our largest acquisition to date in acquiring Trammell Crow Company. The acquisition of Trammell Crow Company deepened our offering of outsourcing services for corporate and institutional clients, especially project and facilities management, strengthened our ability to provide integrated management solutions across geographies, and established people, resources and expertise to offer real estate development services throughout the United States.
Strategic in-fill acquisitions have also played a key role in expanding our geographic coverage and broadening and strengthening our service offering. Our acquirees have generally been quality regional firms or niche specialty firms that complement our existing platform within a region, or affiliates which, in some cases, held an equity interest. During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, we completed 14 acquisitions with an aggregate purchase price of approximately $139 million. These included two notable acquisitions within our EMEA segment: the acquisition of Eurisko Consulting SRL, the largest independent commercial real estate services company in Romania, which extends our ability to deliver the premier commercial real estate services offering across Central and Eastern
36
Europe; and the acquisition of CB Richard Ellis Cederholm A/S, an affiliate company in Denmark, which significantly strengthens our platform in Scandinavia by giving us a wholly-owned position in one of the region's most active property markets. In 2007, we completed 14 acquisitions with an aggregate purchase price of approximately $108 million.
Although our management believes that strategic acquisitions can significantly decrease the cost, time and commitment of management resources necessary to attain a meaningful competitive position within targeted markets or to expand our presence within our current markets, our management also believes that most acquisitions will initially have an adverse impact on our operating and net income, both as a result of transaction-related expenditures and the charges and costs of integrating the acquired business and its financial and accounting systems into our own. For example, through December 31, 2007, we incurred $200.9 million of transaction-related expenditures in connection with our acquisition of Insignia in 2003 (the Insignia Acquisition) and $196.6 million of transaction-related expenditures in connection with our acquisition of Trammell Crow Company in 2006. Transaction-related expenditures included severance costs, lease termination costs, transaction costs, deferred financing costs and merger-related costs, among others. We incurred our final transaction expenditures with respect to the Insignia Acquisition in the third quarter of 2004 and the Trammell Crow Company Acquisition in the fourth quarter of 2007. In addition, through September 30, 2008, we have incurred expenses of $41.9 million related to Insignia and $49.9 million related to Trammell Crow Company in connection with the integration of these companies' business lines, as well as accounting and other systems, into our own. During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, we incurred $11.4 million related to the acquisitions of Insignia and Trammell Crow Company, as well as $1.1 million of integration expenses associated with other acquisitions completed in 2005 through 2008. We expect to incur total integration expenses of approximately $16 million during 2008, which include residual Insignia-related integration costs, integration costs associated with our acquisition of Trammell Crow Company as well as similar costs related to our strategic in-fill acquisitions in 2005 through 2008.
International Operations
We have made significant acquisitions of non-U.S. companies and we may acquire additional foreign companies in the future. As we increase our foreign operations through either acquisitions or organic growth, fluctuations in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to the other currencies in which we may generate earnings could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results. Our management team generally seeks to mitigate our exposure by balancing assets and liabilities that are denominated in the same currency and by maintaining cash positions outside the United States only at levels necessary for operating purposes. In addition, from time to time we enter into foreign currency exchange contracts to mitigate our exposure to exchange rate changes related to particular transactions and to hedge risks associated with the translation of foreign currencies into U.S. dollars. Due to the constantly changing currency exposures to which we are subject and the volatility of currency exchange rates, our management cannot predict the effect of exchange rate fluctuations upon future operating results. In addition, fluctuations in currencies relative to the U.S. dollar may make it more difficult to perform period-to-period comparisons of our reported results of operations.
Our international operations also are subject to, among other things, political instability and changing regulatory environments, which may adversely affect our future financial condition and results of operations. Our management routinely monitors these risks and related costs and evaluates the appropriate amount of resources to allocate towards business activities in foreign countries where such risks and costs are particularly significant.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, which require management to make estimates and
37
assumptions that affect reported amounts. The estimates and assumptions are based on historical experience and on other factors that management believes to be reasonable. Actual results may differ from those estimates. Critical accounting policies represent the areas where more significant judgments and estimates are used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. A discussion of such critical accounting policies, which include revenue recognition, our consolidation policy, goodwill and other intangible assets, real estate and income taxes can be found in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007. There have been no material changes to these policies as of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended September 30, 2008.
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, or SFAS, No. 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets," requires us to perform at least an annual assessment of impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets deemed to have indefinite useful lives based on assumptions and estimates of fair value and future cash flow information. We are currently in the process of performing our annual assessment as of October 1, 2008. Based on our preliminary review, we believe that there may be impairment charges forthcoming, most likely in our Americas and Development Services segments, in the fourth quarter of 2008. Given the complexity of this assessment, the final results are not yet completed and therefore any impairment is not yet probable or estimable. This assessment will be completed by December 31, 2008 and we will record impairment charges, if any, as required by such assessment once it is finalized.
Basis of Presentation
Recent Significant Acquisitions
On December 20, 2006, pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger dated October 30, 2006 (the Trammell Crow Company Acquisition Agreement), by and among us, A-2 Acquisition Corp., a Delaware corporation and our wholly-owned subsidiary (Merger Sub), and Trammell Crow Company, the Merger Sub was merged with and into Trammell Crow Company (the Trammell Crow Company Acquisition). Trammell Crow Company was the surviving corporation in the Trammell Crow Company Acquisition and upon the closing of the Trammell Crow Company Acquisition became our indirect wholly-owned subsidiary.
Segment Reporting
We report our operations through five segments. The segments are as follows: (1) Americas, (2) EMEA, (3) Asia Pacific, (4) Global Investment Management and (5) Development Services. The Americas consists of operations located in the United States, Canada and selected parts of Latin America. EMEA mainly consists of operations in Europe, while Asia Pacific includes operations in Asia, Australia and New Zealand. The Global Investment Management business consists of investment management operations in the United States, Europe and Asia. The Development Services business consists of real estate development and investment activities primarily in the United States, which were acquired in the Trammell Crow Company Acquisition.
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Results of Operations
The following table sets forth items derived from the consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 presented in dollars and as a percentage of revenue (dollars in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 2007 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue | $ | 1,299,735 | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,492,809 | 100.0 | % | $ | 3,845,533 | 100.0 | % | $ | 4,197,133 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||
Costs and expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of services | 755,362 | 58.1 | 791,852 | 53.0 | 2,197,013 | 57.1 | 2,233,130 | 53.2 | ||||||||||||||||||
Operating, administrative and other | 420,352 | 32.3 | 468,375 | 31.4 | 1,321,536 | 34.4 | 1,350,066 | 32.2 | ||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 25,412 | 2.0 | 28,311 | 1.9 | 74,236 | 1.9 | 83,190 | 2.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
Merger-related charges | — | — | 5,092 | 0.4 | — | — | 39,824 | 0.9 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total costs and expenses | 1,201,126 | 92.4 | 1,293,630 | 86.7 | 3,592,785 | 93.4 | 3,706,210 | 88.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
Gain on disposition of real estate | 9,766 | 0.7 | 16,075 | 1.1 | 13,808 | 0.3 | 16,075 | 0.4 | ||||||||||||||||||
Operating income | 108,375 | 8.3 | 215,254 | 14.4 | 266,556 | 6.9 | 506,998 | 12.1 | ||||||||||||||||||
Equity (loss) income from unconsolidated subsidiaries | (3,408 | ) | (0.3 | ) | 6,020 | 0.4 | (25,922 | ) | (0.7 | ) | 36,184 | 0.9 | ||||||||||||||
Minority interest (income) expense | (772 | ) | (0.1 | ) | 9,692 | 0.6 | (8,379 | ) | (0.2 | ) | 12,427 | 0.3 | ||||||||||||||
Other loss | — | — | — | — | 4,607 | 0.1 | 37,534 | 0.9 | ||||||||||||||||||
Interest income | 4,400 | 0.3 | 7,937 | 0.5 | 14,107 | 0.4 | 20,922 | 0.5 | ||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense | 42,290 | 3.2 | 40,417 | 2.7 | 126,855 | 3.3 | 124,572 | 3.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
Income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes | 67,849 | 5.2 | 179,102 | 12.0 | 131,658 | 3.4 | 389,571 | 9.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes | 37,701 | 2.9 | 64,155 | 4.3 | 64,493 | 1.7 | 121,512 | 2.9 | ||||||||||||||||||
Income from continuing operations | 30,148 | 2.3 | 114,947 | 7.7 | 67,165 | 1.7 | 268,059 | 6.4 | ||||||||||||||||||
Income from discontinued operations, net of income taxes | 10,225 | 0.8 | — | — | 10,225 | 0.3 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
Net income | $ | 40,373 | 3.1 | % | $ | 114,947 | 7.7 | % | $ | 77,390 | 2.0 | % | $ | 268,059 | 6.4 | % | ||||||||||
EBITDA (1) | $ | 148,036 | 11.4 | % | $ | 239,893 | 16.1 | % | $ | 335,527 | 8.7 | % | $ | 576,411 | 13.7 | % | ||||||||||
- (1)
- Includes EBITDA related to discontinued operations of $16.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008.
EBITDA represents earnings before net interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. Our management believes EBITDA is useful in evaluating our operating performance compared to that of other companies in our industry because the calculation of EBITDA generally eliminates the effects of financing and income taxes and the accounting effects of capital spending and acquisitions, which items may vary for different companies for reasons unrelated to overall operating performance. As a result, our management uses EBITDA as a measure to evaluate the operating performance of our various business lines and for other discretionary purposes, including as a significant component when measuring our operating performance under our employee incentive programs.
However, EBITDA is not a recognized measurement under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, and when analyzing our operating performance, readers should use EBITDA in addition to, and not as an alternative for, net income as determined in accordance with GAAP. Because not all companies use identical calculations, our presentation of EBITDA may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies. Furthermore, EBITDA is not intended to be a measure of free cash flow for our management's discretionary use, as it does not consider certain cash
39
requirements such as tax and debt service payments. The amounts shown for EBITDA also differ from the amounts calculated under similarly titled definitions in our debt instruments, which are further adjusted to reflect certain other cash and non-cash charges and are used to determine compliance with financial covenants and our ability to engage in certain activities, such as incurring additional debt and making certain restricted payments.
EBITDA is calculated as follows (dollars in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 2007 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||
Net income | $ | 40,373 | $ | 114,947 | $ | 77,390 | $ | 268,059 | ||||||
Add: | ||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization (1) | 25,504 | 28,311 | 74,328 | 83,190 | ||||||||||
Interest expense (2) | 42,939 | 40,417 | 127,504 | 124,572 | ||||||||||
Provision for income taxes (3) | 43,744 | 64,155 | 70,536 | 121,512 | ||||||||||
Less: | ||||||||||||||
Interest income (4) | 4,524 | 7,937 | 14,231 | 20,922 | ||||||||||
EBITDA (5) | $ | 148,036 | $ | 239,893 | $ | 335,527 | $ | 576,411 | ||||||
- (1)
- Includes depreciation and amortization related to discontinued operations of $0.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008.
- (2)
- Includes interest expense related to discontinued operations of $0.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008.
- (3)
- Includes provision for income taxes related to discontinued operations of $6.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008.
- (4)
- Includes interest income related to discontinued operations of $0.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008.
- (5)
- Includes EBITDA related to discontinued operations of $16.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2008 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2007
We reported consolidated net income of $40.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 on revenue of $1.3 billion as compared to consolidated net income of $114.9 million on revenue of $1.5 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2007.
Our revenue on a consolidated basis for the three months ended September 30, 2008 decreased by $193.1 million, or 12.9%, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2007. This decrease was primarily driven by weak sales activity brought about by the global credit market turmoil, and soft leasing performance reflecting weaker economic conditions, particularly in the United States and the United Kingdom. Constraints in the capital markets also adversely affected the achievement of incentive based revenues in our Global Investment Management segment. These declines were partially offset by the continued strong growth in outsourcing revenue. Foreign currency translation had a $20.4 million positive impact on total revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2008.
Our cost of services on a consolidated basis decreased by $36.5 million, or 4.6%, during the three months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2007. Our sales and leasing professionals generally are paid on a commission and bonus basis, which substantially correlates with our revenue performance. Accordingly, the overall decrease was primarily driven by the
40
decrease in revenue. Partially offsetting this decline was an increase in reimbursable expenses within our outsourcing operations as well as increased compensation expense in our EMEA and Asia Pacific segments due to acquisitions and growth of our platform. Foreign currency translation had an $11.1 million negative impact on cost of services during the three months ended September 30, 2008. Cost of services as a percentage of revenue increased from 53.0% for the three months ended September 30, 2007 to 58.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2008. This increase was mainly due to a shift in the mix of revenues with outsourcing, including reimbursables growth, comprising a greater portion of the total as well as a lower portion of revenue being non-commissionable. The aforementioned increase in compensation expense also contributed to the higher cost of services as a percentage of revenue.
Our operating, administrative and other expenses on a consolidated basis decreased by $48.0 million, or 10.3%, during the three months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2007. This decrease was largely attributable to lower incentive compensation expense, including bonuses and carried interest expense (within our Global Investment Management segment), as well as the result of cost reduction steps taken earlier this year, including cuts of travel and marketing costs. Foreign currency translation had a $9.4 million negative impact on total operating expenses during the three months ended September 30, 2008. Operating expenses as a percentage of revenue increased from 31.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2007 to 32.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2008, primarily attributable to the greater decline in revenue as compared to the decline in operating expenses.
Our depreciation and amortization expense on a consolidated basis decreased by $2.9 million, or 10.2%, for the three months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2007. This decrease was primarily driven by lower amortization expense related to intangible assets acquired in the Trammell Crow Company Acquisition, including net revenue backlog. As of December 31, 2007, the intangible asset representing the net revenue backlog acquired in the Trammell Crow Company Acquisition was fully amortized. Partially offsetting the decrease versus the prior year was higher depreciation expense mainly resulting from increased capital expenditures in connection with recent acquisitions.
Our merger-related charges on a consolidated basis were $5.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007. These charges primarily consisted of severance, lease termination and consulting costs, all of which were attributable to the Trammell Crow Company Acquisition.
Our gain on disposition of real estate on a consolidated basis decreased by $6.3 million, or 39.2%, for the three months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2007. This decrease resulted from activity within our Development Services segment. However, when combined with gains included within "discontinued operations" in the current year period, our year-over-year total gain from disposition of real estate has increased from the prior year period by $26.5 million, or 164.9%.
Our equity loss from unconsolidated subsidiaries on a consolidated basis was $3.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to equity income from unconsolidated subsidiaries of $6.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007. The loss was primarily due to a $4.1 million write-down of our investment in CBRE Realty Finance attributable to a decline in market valuation. The income in the prior year period was mainly due to dispositions within selected funds in our Global Investment Management segment, which did not recur in the current year period.
Our minority interest income on a consolidated basis was $0.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to minority interest expense of $9.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007. This variance primarily resulted from activity within our Development Services segment. However, when combined with minority interest activity included within
41
"discontinued operations" in the current year period within our Development Services segment, total minority interest expense has increased $6.1 million, or 62.5%, over the prior year period.
Our consolidated interest income was $4.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008, a decrease of $3.5 million, or 44.6%, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2007. This decrease was mainly driven by lower interest income earned in our Americas segment primarily resulting from higher average cash balances in the prior year period as a result of cash received on the sale of Trammell Crow Company's interest in Savills plc and interest income earned on restricted cash held related to former shareholders of Trammell Crow Company common stock. Also contributing to the decrease was lower interest income earned in our EMEA segment as a result of higher average cash balances in the prior year period.
Our consolidated interest expense increased $1.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008, or 4.6%, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2007. The increase was primarily due to higher interest expense associated with our Credit Agreement, largely due to higher average debt balances outstanding.
Our provision for income taxes on a consolidated basis was $37.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to $64.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007. The decrease in the provision for income taxes was mainly attributable to the decrease in pre-tax income as compared to 2007. Our effective tax rate increased to 55.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2008 from 35.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2007. The increase in our effective tax rate is primarily a result of the change in our mix of domestic and foreign earnings as well as due to a greater impact in the current year of losses sustained where no tax benefit can be provided.
Our consolidated income from discontinued operations, net of income taxes, was $10.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008. This income resulted from activity within our Development Services segment.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007
We reported consolidated net income of $77.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 on revenue of $3.8 billion as compared to consolidated net income of $268.1 million on revenue of $4.2 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2007.
Our revenue on a consolidated basis for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 decreased by $351.6 million, or 8.4%, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2007. This was primarily the result of significantly lower sales activity brought about by the global credit market turmoil and lower carried interest revenue and incentive fees in our Global Investment Management segment driven by constraints in the capital markets. These declines were partially offset by the continued strong growth in outsourcing revenue. Foreign currency translation had a $105.0 million positive impact on total revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2008.
Our cost of services on a consolidated basis decreased by $36.1 million, or 1.6%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2007. As previously mentioned, our sales and leasing professionals generally are paid on a commission and bonus basis, which substantially correlates with our revenue performance. Accordingly, the decrease in revenue led to a corresponding decrease in commissions and bonuses. These decreases were offset by an increase in reimbursable expenses within our outsourcing operations as well as increased compensation expense in our EMEA and Asia Pacific segments due to acquisitions and investment in growth of our platform. Foreign currency translation had a $56.2 million negative impact on cost of services during the nine months ended September 30, 2008. Cost of services as a percentage of revenue increased from 53.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 to 57.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2008. This increase was mainly due to a shift in the mix of revenues with
42
outsourcing, including reimbursables growth, comprising a greater portion of the total and a lower portion of revenue being non-commissionable as well as the aforementioned increase in compensation expense.
Our operating, administrative and other expenses on a consolidated basis decreased by $28.5 million, or 2.1%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2007. This decrease was primarily driven by lower incentive compensation expense, including bonuses and carried interest expense (within our Global Investment Management segment), partially offset by higher salaried personnel, mostly due to acquisitions, increased technology spending and higher occupancy costs coming from new offices in international growth markets. Foreign currency translation had a $39.4 million negative impact on total operating expenses during the nine months ended September 30, 2008. Operating expenses as a percentage of revenue increased from 32.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 to 34.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, primarily driven by the greater decline in revenue as compared to the decline in operating expenses.
Our depreciation and amortization expense on a consolidated basis decreased by $9.0 million, or 10.8%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2007. This decrease was primarily driven by lower amortization expense related to intangible assets acquired in the Trammell Crow Company Acquisition, including net revenue backlog. Partially offsetting the decrease versus the prior year was higher depreciation expense mainly resulting from increased capital expenditures in connection with recent acquisitions.
Our merger-related charges on a consolidated basis were $39.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007. These charges primarily consisted of severance, lease termination and consulting costs, all of which were attributable to the Trammell Crow Company Acquisition.
Our gain on disposition of real estate on a consolidated basis decreased by $2.3 million, or 14.1%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2007. This decrease primarily resulted from activity within our Development Services segment. However, when combined with gains included within "discontinued operations" in the current year period, our year-over-year total gain from disposition of real estate has increased from the prior year period by $30.5 million, or 190.0%.
Our equity loss from unconsolidated subsidiaries on a consolidated basis was $25.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to equity income from unconsolidated subsidiaries of $36.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007. The loss in the current year was primarily attributable to a $14.7 million write-down of our investment in CBRE Realty Finance attributable to a decline in market valuation as well as a $7.3 million write-down resulting from a decline in value of an investment maintained within our Global Investment Management segment. The income in the prior year period was mainly due to dispositions within selected funds in our Global Investment Management segment as well as equity income generated by our Development Services segment, both of which did not recur in the current year.
Our minority interest income on a consolidated basis was $8.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to minority interest expense of $12.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007. This variance primarily resulted from activity within our Development Services segment. However, when combined with minority interest activity included within "discontinued operations" within our Development Services segment, minority interest expense has decreased by $4.3 million, or 34.5%, versus the prior year period.
Our other loss on a consolidated basis was $4.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to $37.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007. The loss in the current year related to the write-down of an investment maintained within our Global Investment
43
Management segment due to a decline in market valuation. Our other loss of $37.5 million in the prior year primarily related to the sale of Trammell Crow Company's approximately 19% ownership interest in Savills plc, a real estate services company based in the United Kingdom. This sale resulted in a pre-tax loss of $34.9 million, which was largely driven by stock price depreciation at the date of sale as compared to December 31, 2006 when the investment was marked to market.
Our consolidated interest income was $14.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2008, a decrease of $6.8 million, or 32.6%, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2007. This decrease was mainly driven by lower interest income earned in our Americas segment primarily resulting from higher average cash balances in the prior year period as a result of cash received on the sale of Trammell Crow Company's interest in Savills plc and interest income earned on restricted cash held related to former shareholders of Trammell Crow Company common stock.
Our consolidated interest expense increased $2.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2008, or 1.8%, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2007. The increase was primarily due to higher interest expense incurred within our Development Services segment, partially mitigated by lower interest expense associated with our Credit Agreement, as lower interest rates more than offset the impact of higher average debt balances outstanding.
Our provision for income taxes on a consolidated basis was $64.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to $121.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007. The decrease in the provision for income taxes was mainly attributable to the decrease in pre-tax income as compared to 2007. Our effective tax rate increased to 49.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 from 31.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2007. The increase in our effective tax rate was primarily attributable to the change in our mix of domestic and foreign earnings, a greater impact in the current year of losses sustained where no tax benefit can be provided and the reversal of an uncertain tax position in the prior year.
44
Segment Operations
The following table summarizes our revenue, costs and expenses and operating income (loss) by our Americas, EMEA, Asia Pacific, Global Investment Management and Development Services operating segments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 (dollars in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 2007 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Americas | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue | $ | 816,225 | 100.0 | % | $ | 914,715 | 100.0 | % | $ | 2,385,227 | 100.0 | % | $ | 2,640,618 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||
Costs and expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of services | 515,987 | 63.2 | 566,781 | 62.0 | 1,488,010 | 62.4 | 1,616,568 | 61.2 | ||||||||||||||||||
Operating, administrative and other | 218,216 | 26.8 | 222,499 | 24.3 | 675,674 | 28.3 | 711,834 | 27.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 14,191 | 1.7 | 18,777 | 2.0 | 44,160 | 1.9 | 56,991 | 2.2 | ||||||||||||||||||
Merger-related charges | — | — | 4,279 | 0.5 | — | — | 39,011 | 1.4 | ||||||||||||||||||
Operating income | $ | 67,831 | 8.3 | % | $ | 102,379 | 11.2 | % | $ | 177,383 | 7.4 | % | $ | 216,214 | 8.2 | % | ||||||||||
EBITDA | $ | 80,995 | 9.9 | % | $ | 126,216 | 13.8 | % | $ | 211,475 | 8.9 | % | $ | 249,889 | 9.5 | % | ||||||||||
EMEA | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue | $ | 271,686 | 100.0 | % | $ | 320,208 | 100.0 | % | $ | 814,185 | 100.0 | % | $ | 876,374 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||
Costs and expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of services | 155,645 | 57.3 | 153,394 | 47.9 | 460,650 | 56.6 | 440,596 | 50.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
Operating, administrative and other | 94,401 | 34.7 | 96,830 | 30.2 | 289,686 | 35.6 | 261,591 | 29.8 | ||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 3,422 | 1.3 | 3,129 | 1.0 | 10,407 | 1.2 | 9,207 | 1.1 | ||||||||||||||||||
Merger-related charges | — | — | 813 | 0.3 | — | — | 813 | 0.1 | ||||||||||||||||||
Operating income | $ | 18,218 | 6.7 | % | $ | 66,042 | 20.6 | % | $ | 53,442 | 6.6 | % | $ | 164,167 | 18.7 | % | ||||||||||
EBITDA | $ | 23,052 | 8.5 | % | $ | 68,664 | 21.4 | % | $ | 66,164 | 8.1 | % | $ | 172,609 | 19.7 | % | ||||||||||
Asia Pacific | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue | $ | 141,452 | 100.0 | % | $ | 134,460 | 100.0 | % | $ | 434,551 | 100.0 | % | $ | 350,222 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||
Costs and expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of services | 83,730 | 59.2 | 71,677 | 53.3 | 248,353 | 57.2 | 175,966 | 50.2 | ||||||||||||||||||
Operating, administrative and other | 49,111 | 34.7 | 42,776 | 31.8 | 139,982 | 32.2 | 116,687 | 33.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 3,487 | 2.5 | 1,741 | 1.3 | 7,112 | 1.6 | 4,769 | 1.4 | ||||||||||||||||||
Operating income | $ | 5,124 | 3.6 | % | $ | 18,266 | 13.6 | % | $ | 39,104 | 9.0 | % | $ | 52,800 | 15.1 | % | ||||||||||
EBITDA | $ | 9,128 | 6.5 | % | $ | 19,072 | 14.2 | % | $ | 44,638 | 10.3 | % | $ | 51,628 | 14.7 | % | ||||||||||
Global Investment Management | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue | $ | 39,823 | 100.0 | % | $ | 99,098 | 100.0 | % | $ | 122,058 | 100.0 | % | $ | 268,526 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||
Costs and expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating, administrative and other | 18,398 | 46.2 | 77,672 | 78.4 | 100,189 | 82.1 | 178,623 | 66.5 | ||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 706 | 1.8 | 666 | 0.7 | 2,353 | 1.9 | 1,938 | 0.7 | ||||||||||||||||||
Operating income | $ | 20,719 | 52.0 | % | $ | 20,760 | 20.9 | % | $ | 19,516 | 16.0 | % | $ | 87,965 | 32.8 | % | ||||||||||
EBITDA | $ | 19,351 | 48.6 | % | $ | 23,219 | 23.4 | % | $ | 2,506 | 2.1 | % | $ | 103,239 | 38.4 | % | ||||||||||
Development Services | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue | $ | 30,549 | 100.0 | % | $ | 24,328 | 100.0 | % | $ | 89,512 | 100.0 | % | $ | 61,393 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||
Costs and expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating, administrative and other | 40,226 | 131.7 | 28,598 | 117.6 | 116,005 | 129.6 | 81,331 | 132.5 | ||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 3,606 | 11.8 | 3,998 | 16.4 | 10,204 | 11.4 | 10,285 | 16.7 | ||||||||||||||||||
Gain on disposition of real estate | 9,766 | 32.0 | 16,075 | 66.1 | 13,808 | 15.4 | 16,075 | 26.2 | ||||||||||||||||||
Operating (loss) income | $ | (3,517 | ) | (11.5 | )% | $ | 7,807 | 32.1 | % | $ | (22,889 | ) | (25.6 | )% | $ | (14,148 | ) | (23.0 | )% | |||||||
EBITDA (1) | $ | 15,510 | 50.8 | % | $ | 2,722 | 11.2 | % | $ | 10,744 | 12.0 | % | $ | (954 | ) | (1.6 | )% | |||||||||
- (1)
- Includes EBITDA related to discontinued operations of $16.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008.
45
EBITDA represents earnings before net interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. Our management believes EBITDA is useful in evaluating our operating performance compared to that of other companies in our industry because the calculation of EBITDA generally eliminates the effects of financing and income taxes and the accounting effects of capital spending and acquisitions, which items may vary for different companies for reasons unrelated to overall operating performance. As a result, our management uses EBITDA as a measure to evaluate the operating performance of our various business lines and for other discretionary purposes, including as a significant component when measuring our operating performance under our employee incentive programs.
However, EBITDA is not a recognized measurement under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, and when analyzing our operating performance, readers should use EBITDA in addition to, and not as an alternative for, net income (loss) as determined in accordance with GAAP. Because not all companies use identical calculations, our presentation of EBITDA may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies. Furthermore, EBITDA is not intended to be a measure of free cash flow for our management's discretionary use, as it does not consider certain cash requirements such as tax and debt service payments. The amounts shown for EBITDA also differ from the amounts calculated under similarly titled definitions in our debt instruments, which are further adjusted to reflect certain other cash and non-cash charges and are used to determine compliance with financial covenants and our ability to engage in certain activities, such as incurring additional debt and making certain restricted payments.
46
Net interest expense has been expensed in the segment incurred. Provision (benefit) for income taxes has been allocated among our segments by using applicable U.S. and foreign effective tax rates. EBITDA for our segments is calculated as follows (dollars in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 2007 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||
Americas | ||||||||||||||
Net income | $ | 30,181 | $ | 41,783 | $ | 56,470 | $ | 66,404 | ||||||
Add: | ||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 14,191 | 18,777 | 44,160 | 56,991 | ||||||||||
Interest expense | 33,350 | 32,474 | 100,255 | 108,735 | ||||||||||
Royalty and management service income | (6,793 | ) | — | (17,721 | ) | — | ||||||||
Provision for income taxes | 12,056 | 37,124 | 33,474 | 29,729 | ||||||||||
Less: | ||||||||||||||
Interest income | 1,990 | 3,942 | 5,163 | 11,970 | ||||||||||
EBITDA | $ | 80,995 | $ | 126,216 | $ | 211,475 | $ | 249,889 | ||||||
EMEA | ||||||||||||||
Net income | $ | 2,467 | $ | 52,347 | $ | 25,431 | $ | 129,849 | ||||||
Add: | ||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 3,422 | 3,129 | 10,407 | 9,207 | ||||||||||
Interest expense | 1,205 | 214 | 2,172 | 713 | ||||||||||
Royalty and management service expense | 4,270 | — | 10,158 | — | ||||||||||
Provision for income taxes | 12,434 | 14,884 | 21,108 | 41,293 | ||||||||||
Less: | ||||||||||||||
Interest income | 746 | 1,910 | 3,112 | 8,453 | ||||||||||
EBITDA | $ | 23,052 | $ | 68,664 | $ | 66,164 | $ | 172,609 | ||||||
Asia Pacific | ||||||||||||||
Net (loss) income | $ | (3,859 | ) | $ | 11,327 | $ | 9,519 | $ | 28,802 | |||||
Add: | ||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 3,487 | 1,741 | 7,112 | 4,769 | ||||||||||
Interest expense | 1,497 | 910 | 4,389 | 2,478 | ||||||||||
Royalty and management service expense | 2,176 | — | 6,401 | — | ||||||||||
Provision for income taxes | 5,947 | 5,212 | 18,036 | 15,872 | ||||||||||
Less: | ||||||||||||||
Interest income | 120 | 118 | 819 | 293 | ||||||||||
EBITDA | $ | 9,128 | $ | 19,072 | $ | 44,638 | $ | 51,628 | ||||||
Global Investment Management | ||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 6,924 | $ | 12,271 | $ | (5,185 | ) | $ | 55,797 | |||||
Add: | ||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 706 | 666 | 2,353 | 1,938 | ||||||||||
Interest expense | 421 | 1,100 | 1,788 | 2,739 | ||||||||||
Royalty and management service expense | 347 | — | 1,162 | — | ||||||||||
Provision for income taxes | 10,961 | 9,461 | 3,190 | 43,621 | ||||||||||
Less: | ||||||||||||||
Interest income | 8 | 279 | 802 | 856 | ||||||||||
EBITDA | $ | 19,351 | $ | 23,219 | $ | 2,506 | $ | 103,239 | ||||||
Development Services | ||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 4,660 | $ | (2,781 | ) | $ | (8,845 | ) | $ | (12,793 | ) | |||
Add: | ||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization (1) | 3,698 | 3,998 | 10,296 | 10,285 | ||||||||||
Interest expense (2) | 6,466 | 5,677 | 18,900 | 14,418 | ||||||||||
Provision (benefit) for income taxes (3) | 2,346 | (2,526 | ) | (5,272 | ) | (9,003 | ) | |||||||
Less: | ||||||||||||||
Interest income (4) | 1,660 | 1,646 | 4,335 | 3,861 | ||||||||||
EBITDA (5) | $ | 15,510 | $ | 2,722 | $ | 10,744 | $ | (954 | ) | |||||
- (1)
- Includes depreciation and amortization related to discontinued operations of $0.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008.
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- (2)
- Includes interest expense related to discontinued operations of $0.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008.
- (3)
- Includes provision for income taxes related to discontinued operations of $6.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008.
- (4)
- Includes interest income related to discontinued operations of $0.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008.
- (5)
- Includes EBITDA related to discontinued operations of $16.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2008 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2007
Americas
Revenue decreased by $98.5 million, or 10.8%, for the three months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2007. The continued strong growth of our outsourcing business only partially offset weaker sales, appraisal and commercial mortgage brokerage activity brought about by the credit market turmoil as well as reduced leasing activity due to the economic downturn. Foreign currency translation had a $4.4 million positive impact on total revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2008.
Cost of services decreased by $50.8 million, or 9.0%, for the three months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2007. This was primarily due to lower commission expense resulting from lower sales and lease transaction revenue, partially offset by an increase in costs related to our outsourcing operations, including the impact of acquisitions. Foreign currency translation had a $1.8 million negative impact on cost of services during the three months ended September 30, 2008. Cost of services as a percentage of revenue increased from 62.0% for the three months ended September 30, 2007 to 63.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2008, primarily due to the above mentioned increase in costs associated with our outsourcing operations, as our business mix shifted more towards outsourcing services, as well as the greater reduction in overall revenue as compared to the decline in cost of services.
Operating, administrative and other expenses decreased $4.3 million, or 1.9%, mainly the result of cost reduction steps taken earlier this year, including cuts of travel and marketing costs. Foreign currency translation had a $1.8 million negative impact on total operating expenses during the three months ended September 30, 2008.
EMEA
Revenue decreased by $48.5 million, or 15.2%, for the three months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2007. The growth of our outsourcing business in several countries, particularly in the United Kingdom, Russia, France, Germany and the Netherlands, was more than offset by lower sales and leasing transaction revenue throughout most of the region. Foreign currency translation had a $9.1 million positive impact on total revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2008.
Cost of services increased $2.3 million, or 1.5%, for the three months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2007. This increase was mainly driven by higher producer compensation expense reflecting investments in headcount and acquisitions related to the growth and diversification of our operations in this region as well as a curtailment gain of $10.0 million recognized in the prior year period as a result of the freezing of our U.K. defined benefit pension plans. These increases were mostly offset by lower producer bonuses as a result of reduced revenue. Foreign currency translation had a $5.5 million negative impact on cost of services during the three
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months ended September 30, 2008. Cost of services as a percentage of revenue increased from 47.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2007 to 57.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2008, primarily driven by a sharp decline in revenue.
Operating, administrative and other expenses decreased by $2.4 million, or 2.5%, mainly driven by reduced bonuses due to lower results. Foreign currency translation had a $4.1 million negative impact on total operating expenses during the three months ended September 30, 2008.
Asia Pacific
Revenue increased by $7.0 million, or 5.2%, for the three months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2007. Except for sales, most business lines showed improvement, particularly in Australia, China, Japan and Korea. The acquisition of a majority interest in CBRE India during the latter part of the third quarter of 2007 also contributed to the revenue growth. Foreign currency translation had a $6.4 million positive impact on total revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2008.
Cost of services increased by $12.1 million, or 16.8%, mainly due to increased producer compensation expense driven by increased headcount, largely due to acquisitions. Higher costs associated with our outsourcing operations also contributed to the increase. Foreign currency translation had a $3.8 million negative impact on cost of services for the three months ended September 30, 2008. Cost of services as a percentage of revenue increased from 53.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2007 to 59.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2008, primarily driven by the shift in our business mix more towards outsourcing services, as well as the aforementioned headcount increases, largely due to acquisitions.
Operating, administrative and other expenses increased by $6.3 million, or 14.8%, primarily due to an increase in costs attributable to investment in growth of the business, including the impact of in-fill acquisitions. Foreign currency translation had a $2.6 million negative impact on total operating expenses during the three months ended September 30, 2008.
Global Investment Management
Revenue decreased by $59.3 million, or 59.8%, for the three months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2007 due to lower incentive fees in the United States as well as lower carried interest revenue recognized in the current year quarter, all of which were adversely affected by constraints in the capital markets. Foreign currency translation had a $0.5 million positive impact on total revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2008.
Operating, administrative and other expenses decreased by $59.3 million, or 76.3%, primarily due to lower bonuses due to the reduced revenues. Also contributing to the decrease was lower carried interest incentive compensation expense recognized for dedicated Global Investment Management executives and team leaders with participation interests in certain real estate investments under management, including the net reversal of previously accrued carried interest incentive compensation of $15.3 million in the current year period. Foreign currency translation had a $0.9 million negative impact on total operating expenses during the three months ended September 30, 2008.
Total assets under management (AUM) decreased by 6% during the current year period primarily due to valuation declines in the U.K. portfolio. At $40.9 billion, AUM increased 8% from year-end 2007, reflecting active fundraising efforts and acquisition programs.
AUM generally refers to the properties and other assets with respect to which we provide (or participate in) oversight, investment management services and other advice, and which generally consist of real estate properties or loans, securities portfolios and investments in operating companies and joint ventures. Our AUM is intended principally to reflect the extent of our presence in the real estate
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market, not the basis for determining our management fees. Our material assets under management consist of:
- a)
- the total fair market value of the real estate properties and other assets either wholly-owned or held by joint ventures and other entities in which our sponsored funds or investment vehicles and client accounts have invested or to which they have provided financing. Committed (but unfunded) capital from investors in our sponsored funds is not included in this component of our AUM. The value of development properties is included at estimated completion cost. In the case of real estate operating companies, the total value of real properties controlled by the companies, generally through joint ventures, is included in AUM; and
- b)
- the net asset value of our managed securities portfolios, including investments (which may be comprised of committed but uncalled capital) in private real estate funds under our fund of funds program.
Our calculation of AUM may differ from the calculations of other asset managers, and as a result this measure may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other asset managers. Our definition of AUM is not based on any definition of assets under management that is set forth in the agreements governing the investment funds that we manage.
Development Services
Revenue increased by $6.2 million, or 25.6%, for the three months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2007 primarily driven by construction revenue.
Operating, administrative and other expenses increased by $11.6 million, or 40.7%, primarily due to an increase in job construction costs, which correlated with the above mentioned revenue increase, as well as an increase in real estate operating expenses.
Development projects in process as of September 30, 2008 totaled $6.3 billion, down slightly from both year ago levels and from year-end 2007. The inventory of pipeline deals as of September 30, 2008 stood at $3.4 billion.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007
Americas
Revenue decreased by $255.4 million, or 9.7%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2007. The continued growth of our outsourcing business was more than offset by the impact of lower sales, appraisal and commercial mortgage brokerage activity brought about by the credit market turmoil as well as reduced leasing activity due to the economic downturn. Foreign currency translation had a $20.3 million positive impact on total revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2008.
Cost of services decreased by $128.6 million, or 8.0%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2007, primarily due to lower commission expense resulting from lower sales and lease transaction revenue, partially offset by an increase in costs related to our outsourcing operations, including the impact of acquisitions. Foreign currency translation had a $10.4 million negative impact on cost of services during the nine months ended September 30, 2008. Cost of services as a percentage of revenue increased from 61.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 to 62.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, primarily due to the above mentioned increase in costs associated with our outsourcing operations, as our business mix shifted more towards outsourcing services, as well as the greater reduction in overall revenue as compared to the decline in cost of services.
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Operating, administrative and other expenses decreased $36.2 million, or 5.1%, mainly driven by lower payroll-related costs, including bonuses, as well as the result of cost containment measures put in place in the current year period, including lower travel and marketing costs. These reductions were partially offset by increases generally related to acquisitions, occupancy and technology costs. Foreign currency translation had a $7.7 million negative impact on total operating expenses during the nine months ended September 30, 2008.
EMEA
Revenue decreased by $62.2 million, or 7.1%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2007. Continued lower sales transaction revenue was partially offset by improvements in other business lines in various countries, including France and Russia as well as initial contributions from operations in Romania and Denmark, acquired in 2008. Foreign currency translation had a $48.1 million positive impact on total revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 due to the strength of the Euro and British pound sterling against the U.S. dollar.
Cost of services increased $20.1 million, or 4.6%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2007. Cost of services as a percentage of revenue increased from 50.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 to 56.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2008. These increases mainly reflected higher producer compensation expense resulting from investments in headcount and acquisitions related to our efforts to grow and diversify operations in this region as well as a curtailment gain of $10.0 million recognized in the prior year period as a result of the freezing of our U.K. defined benefit pension plans. These increases were partially offset by lower producer bonuses as a result of reduced revenue. Foreign currency translation had a $27.5 million negative impact on cost of services during the nine months ended September 30, 2008.
Operating, administrative and other expenses increased by $28.1 million, or 10.7%, mainly due to increased costs attributable to recent investment in growth of the business, including the impact of in-fill acquisitions, marketing and occupancy. These increases were partially offset by reduced bonuses driven by lower results. Foreign currency translation had a $17.8 million negative impact on total operating expenses during the nine months ended September 30, 2008.
Asia Pacific
Revenue increased by $84.3 million, or 24.1%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2007. This strong revenue increase was primarily driven by improved performance in Australia, China and Singapore as well as contributions from our acquisition of a majority interest in CBRE India during the third quarter of 2007. Foreign currency translation had a $33.5 million positive impact on total revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2008.
Cost of services increased by $72.4 million, or 41.1%, mainly due to increased producer compensation expense driven by increased headcount, largely due to acquisitions. Higher costs associated with our outsourcing operations also contributed to the increase. Foreign currency translation had an $18.3 million negative impact on cost of services for the nine months ended September 30, 2008. Cost of services as a percentage of revenue increased from 50.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 to 57.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, primarily driven by the shift in our business mix more towards outsourcing services, as well as the aforementioned headcount increases, largely due to acquisitions.
Operating, administrative and other expenses increased by $23.3 million, or 20.0%, primarily due to an increase in costs attributable to investment in growth of the business, including the impact of
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in-fill acquisitions. Foreign currency translation had an $11.0 million negative impact on total operating expenses during the nine months ended September 30, 2008.
Global Investment Management
Revenue decreased by $146.5 million, or 54.5%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2007 due to lower carried interest revenue and incentive fees recognized in the current year as a result of constraints in the capital markets. Foreign currency translation had a $3.1 million positive impact on total revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2008.
Operating, administrative and other expenses decreased by $78.4 million, or 43.9%, primarily due to lower carried interest incentive compensation expense of $54.4 million recognized for dedicated Global Investment Management executives and team leaders with participation interests in certain real estate investments under management, including the net reversal of previously accrued carried interest incentive compensation of $7.3 million in the current year period. Also contributing to the decrease were lower bonuses driven by the reduced revenues. Foreign currency translation had a $2.9 million negative impact on total operating expenses during the nine months ended September 30, 2008.
Development Services
Revenue increased by $28.1 million, or 45.8%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2007 primarily driven by construction revenue.
Operating, administrative and other expenses increased by $34.7 million, or 42.6%, primarily due to an increase in job construction costs, which correlated with the above mentioned revenue increase, as well as an increase in real estate operating expenses.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We believe that we can satisfy our working capital requirements and funding of investments with internally generated cash flow and, as necessary, borrowings under our revolving credit facility. Included in the capital requirements that we expect to fund during 2008 are approximately $46.0 million of anticipated net capital expenditures. During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, we funded approximately $31.2 million of these net capital expenditures. The capital expenditures for 2008 are primarily comprised of information technology costs, which are driven largely by computer replacements as well as costs associated with upgrading various servers and systems, and leasehold improvements. The global credit markets have recently experienced unprecedented volatility, which may affect both the availability and cost of our funding sources in the future.
During 2003 and 2006, we required substantial amounts of new equity and debt financing to fund our acquisitions of Insignia and Trammell Crow Company. Absent extraordinary transactions such as these, we historically have not sought external sources of financing and relied on our internally generated cash flow and our revolving credit facility to fund our working capital, capital expenditure and investment requirements. In the absence of such extraordinary transactions, our management anticipates that our cash flow from operations and our revolving credit facility would be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash requirements for the foreseeable future, but at a minimum for the next 12 months.
As evidenced above, from time to time, we consider potential strategic acquisitions. Our management believes that any future significant acquisitions that we make most likely would require us to obtain additional debt or equity financing. In the past, we have been able to obtain such financing for material transactions on terms that our management believed to be reasonable. However, it is
52
possible that we may not be able to find acquisition financing on favorable terms in the future if we decide to make any further material acquisitions.
Our current long-term liquidity needs, other than those related to ordinary course obligations and commitments such as operating leases, generally are comprised of two parts. The first is the repayment of the outstanding and anticipated principal amounts of our long-term indebtedness. Our management is unable to project with certainty whether our long-term cash flow from operations will be sufficient to repay our long-term debt when it comes due. If this cash flow is insufficient, then our management expects that we would need to refinance such indebtedness or otherwise amend its terms to extend the maturity dates. Our management cannot make any assurances that such refinancings or amendments, if necessary, would be available on attractive terms, if at all.
The other primary component of our long-term liquidity needs, other than those related to ordinary course obligations and commitments such as operating leases, are our obligations related to our deferred compensation plans and our U.K. pension plans. Pursuant to our deferred compensation plans, a select group of our management and other highly-compensated employees have been permitted to defer receipt of some or all of their compensation until future distribution dates and have the deferred amount credited towards specified investment alternatives. Except for deferrals into stock fund units that provide for future issuances of our common stock, the deferrals under the deferred compensation plans represent future cash payment obligations for us. We currently have invested in insurance and mutual funds for the purpose of funding our future cash deferred compensation obligations. In addition, upon each distribution under the plans, we receive a corresponding tax deduction for such compensation payment. Our U.K. subsidiaries maintain pension plans with respect to which a limited number of our U.K. employees are participants. Our historical policy has been to fund pension costs as actuarially determined and as required by applicable law and regulations. During the third quarter of 2007, we reached agreements with the active members of these plans to freeze future pension plan benefits. In return, the active members became eligible to enroll in the CBRE Group Personal Pension Plan, a defined contribution plan in the United Kingdom.
We expect that any future obligations under our deferred compensation plans and pension plans that are not currently funded will be funded out of our future cash flow from operations.
On November 5, 2008, based on prevailing market conditions, our board of directors authorized our Chief Executive Officer to modify or to terminate our U.S. deferred compensation plans, subject to applicable regulatory requirements. We have notified participants that we will be modifying the plans pursuant to the transition rules under Internal Revenue Code Section 409A to allow participants to make new elections prior to year-end to receive distributions of plan assets at dates they specify in 2009. Upon the completion of the distribution process, we anticipate that we will terminate the plans. These actions are expected to accelerate future distributions from the plans of cash and shares of our Class A common stock to the participants of such plans but will not have any material effect on our statement of operations. The plans are substantially fully-funded and the shares to be distributed are included in our earnings per share calculations. Upon distribution to the participants, we expect to receive a tax deduction of approximately $100.0 million in 2009.
In January 2007, we sold Trammell Crow Company's approximately 19% ownership interest in Savills plc at a net loss, which was largely driven by stock price depreciation at the date of sale as compared to December 31, 2006 when the investment was marked to market. The pre-tax proceeds from the sale, net of selling costs, totaled approximately $311.0 million and were used to reduce net indebtedness.
On November 7, 2007, we announced a share repurchase program of up to $500.0 million of our outstanding common stock, which was authorized by our board of directors. Subsequently, on November 28, 2007, we announced an expansion of our share repurchase program, in which our board of directors authorized the share repurchase of up to $635.0 million of our outstanding shares of
53
common stock, which included the $500.0 million previously authorized. This share repurchase program was funded out of our cash flow from operations as well as our revolving credit facility and was completed in December 2007.
Historical Cash Flows
Operating Activities
Net cash used in operating activities totaled $231.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $289.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007. The sharp increase in cash used in operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 versus the same period last year was primarily due to approximately $311.0 million in proceeds received upon the sale of the approximately 19% ownership in Savills plc, a real estate services company based in the United Kingdom held by Trammell Crow Company, during the nine months ended September 30, 2007. In addition, the increase was driven by higher bonus payments associated with 2007 and lower bonus accruals made in the current year.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities totaled $466.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, an increase of $253.6 million as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2007. The increase was primarily driven by the use of cash for in-fill acquisitions and to purchase real estate held for investment in the current year.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities totaled $756.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, an increase of $650.7 million as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2007. The increase was primarily driven by activity under our Credit Agreement, including higher net borrowings under our revolving credit facility in the current year, $300.0 million of proceeds received from an additional term loan in connection with the exercise of the accordion provision of our Credit Agreement in the current year, and higher repayments of the senior secured term loans in the prior year. Partially offsetting these increases were lower activities within our Development Services segment, including lower minority interest contributions, lower short-term borrowings related to a revolving line of credit and lower net proceeds from real estate.
Indebtedness
Our level of indebtedness increases the possibility that we may be unable to generate cash sufficient to pay when due the principal of, interest on or other amounts due in respect of our indebtedness and other obligations. In addition, we may incur additional debt from time to time to finance strategic acquisitions, investments, joint ventures or for other purposes, subject to the restrictions contained in the documents governing our indebtedness. If we incur additional debt, the risks associated with our leverage, including our ability to service our debt, would increase.
Most of our long-term indebtedness was incurred in connection with our acquisition of CB Richard Ellis Services in July 2001, the Insignia Acquisition in July 2003 and the Trammell Crow Company Acquisition in December 2006. The CB Richard Ellis Services acquisition, which was a going private transaction involving members of our senior management, affiliates of Blum Capital Partners and Freeman Spogli & Co. and some of our other existing stockholders, was undertaken so that we could take advantage of growth opportunities and focus on improvements in the CB Richard Ellis Services businesses. The Insignia Acquisition increased the scale of our real estate advisory services and outsourcing services businesses as well as significantly increased our presence in the New York, London and Paris metropolitan areas. The Trammell Crow Company Acquisition has expanded our global
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leadership and strengthened our ability to provide integrated account management and comprehensive real estate services for our clients.
Since 2001, we have maintained a credit agreement with Credit Suisse, or CS, and other lenders to fund strategic acquisitions and to provide for our working capital needs. On December 20, 2006, we entered into an amendment and restatement of our credit agreement (the Credit Agreement) to, among other things, allow the consummation of the Trammell Crow Company Acquisition and the incurrence of senior secured term loan facilities for an aggregate principal amount of up to $2.2 billion. On March 27, 2008, we exercised the accordion provision of the Credit Agreement, which added an additional $300.0 million term loan.
Our Credit Agreement includes the following: (1) a $600.0 million revolving credit facility, including revolving credit loans, letters of credit and a swingline loan facility, all maturing on June 24, 2011, (2) a $1.1 billion tranche A term loan facility, requiring quarterly principal payments beginning March 31, 2009 (previously set to commence on March 31, 2008, but adjusted as a result of our prepayment of all of the 2008 required payments in 2007) through September 30, 2011, with the balance payable on December 20, 2011, (3) a $1.1 billion tranche B term loan facility, requiring quarterly principal payments of $2.75 million, which began March 31, 2007 and continue through September 30, 2013, with the balance payable on December 20, 2013 and (4) a $300.0 million tranche A-1 term loan facility, requiring quarterly principal payments of $0.75 million, which began June 30, 2008 and continue through September 30, 2013, with the balance payable on December 20, 2013. The revolving credit facility allows for borrowings outside of the United States, with sub-facilities of $5.0 million available to one of our Canadian subsidiaries, $35.0 million in aggregate available to one of our Australian and one of our New Zealand subsidiaries and $50.0 million available to one of our U.K. subsidiaries. Additionally, outstanding borrowings under these sub-facilities may be up to 5.0% higher as allowed under the currency fluctuation provision in the Credit Agreement.
Borrowings under the revolving credit facility bear interest at varying rates, based at our option, on either the applicable fixed rate plus 1.2375% or the daily rate plus 0.2375% for the first year; thereafter, at the applicable fixed rate plus 0.575% to 1.1125% or the daily rate plus 0% to 0.1125%, in both cases as determined by reference to our ratio of total debt less available cash to EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement). As of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, we had $560.7 million and $227.1 million, respectively, of revolving credit facility principal outstanding with related weighted average interest rates of 4.6% and 7.4%, respectively, which are included in short-term borrowings in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. As of October 31, 2008, the revolving credit principal outstanding declined to approximately $403.6 million. As of September 30, 2008, letters of credit totaling $17.0 million were outstanding under the revolving credit facility. These letters of credit primarily relate to our outstanding indebtedness as well as letters of credit issued in connection with development activities in our Development Services segment and reduce the amount we may borrow under the revolving credit facility.
Borrowings under the tranche A term loan facility bear interest, based at our option, on either the applicable fixed rate plus 1.50% or the daily rate plus 0.50% for the first year, thereafter, at the applicable fixed rate plus 0.75% to 1.375% or the daily rate plus 0% to 0.375%, in both cases as determined by reference to our ratio of total debt less available cash to EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement). Borrowings under the tranche B term loan facility bear interest, based at our option, on either the applicable fixed rate plus 1.50% or the daily rate plus 0.50%. Borrowings under the tranche A-1 term loan facility bear interest based at our option, on either the applicable fixed rate plus 3.50% or the daily rate plus 2.50%. The tranche A-1 term loan facility includes a targeted outstanding amount (as defined in the Credit Agreement) provision that will increase the interest rate by 2% if the outstanding balance exceeds the targeted outstanding amount at the end of each quarter. As of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the tranche A term loan facility bore interest at a rate of 4.4% and 5.7%, respectively, while the tranche B term loan facility bore interest at a rate of
55
4.7% and 6.4%, respectively. As of September 30, 2008, the tranche A-1 term loan facility bore interest at a rate of 7.2%. As of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, we had $827.0 million of tranche A term loan facility principal outstanding, and $951.8 million and $960.0 million of tranche B term loan facility principal outstanding, respectively, which are included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. As of September 30, 2008, we had $298.5 million of tranche A-1 term loan facility principal outstanding, which is also included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
On February 26, 2007, we entered into two interest rate swap agreements with a total notional amount of $1.4 billion and a maturity date of December 31, 2009. The purpose of these interest rate swap agreements is to hedge potential changes to our cash flows due to the variable interest nature of our senior secured term loan facilities. On March 20, 2007, these interest rate swaps were designated as cash flow hedges under SFAS No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities," as amended. We incurred a loss on these interest rate swaps from the date we entered into the swaps up to the designation date of approximately $3.9 million, which is included in other loss in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations. There was no hedge ineffectiveness for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 or for the period from March 20, 2007 through September 30, 2007. On March 20, 2008, the total notional amount of the interest rate swap agreements was reduced to $950.0 million. As of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the fair value of the interest rate swap agreements was reflected as a $10.8 million liability and a $17.1 million liability, respectively, and was included in other current liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
The Credit Agreement is jointly and severally guaranteed by us and substantially all of our domestic subsidiaries. Borrowings under our Credit Agreement are secured by a pledge of substantially all of the capital stock of our U.S. subsidiaries and 65% of the capital stock of certain non-U.S. subsidiaries. Additionally, the Credit Agreement requires us to pay a fee based on the total amount of the revolving credit facility commitment.
Our Credit Agreement contains numerous restrictive covenants that, among other things, limit our ability to incur additional indebtedness, pay dividends or make distributions to stockholders, repurchase capital stock or debt, make investments, sell assets or subsidiary stock, create or permit liens on assets, engage in transactions with affiliates, enter into sale/leaseback transactions, issue subsidiary equity and enter into consolidations or mergers. Our Credit Agreement contains financial covenants that currently require us to maintain a minimum coverage ratio of interest of 2.25x and a maximum leverage ratio of EBITDA (as defined in our Credit Agreement) to total debt less available cash of 3.75x. Our ability to meet these financial ratios can be affected by events beyond our control, and we cannot assure that we will be able to meet those ratios when required. If our EBITDA continues to decline in future periods as it has in recent periods, we may be unable to comply with the financial covenants under our Credit Agreement.
From time to time, Moody's Investor Service and Standard & Poor's Ratings Service rate our senior debt. During the first quarter of 2008, in connection with our recent syndication of the additional $300.0 million term loan under our Credit Agreement, both Moody's and Standard & Poor's affirmed our senior debt ratings with a stable outlook. Neither the Moody's nor the Standard & Poor's ratings impact our ability to borrow under our Credit Agreement. However, these ratings may impact our ability to borrow under new agreements in the future and the interest rates of any such current or future borrowings.
On March 2, 2007, we entered into a $50.0 million credit note with Wells Fargo Bank for the purpose of purchasing eligible investments, which include cash equivalents, agency securities, A1/P1 commercial paper and eligible money market funds. The proceeds of this note will not be made generally available to us, but will instead be deposited in an investment account maintained by Wells Fargo Bank and will be used and applied solely to purchase eligible investment securities. Borrowings under the revolving credit note bear interest at 0.25% and the original termination date of the note,
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which was December 3, 2007, has been extended to September 1, 2009 by written amendments. As of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, there were no amounts outstanding under this revolving credit note.
On August 1, 2007, we entered into a $4.0 million revolving note with LaSalle Bank, which was subsequently acquired by Bank of America, or BofA, for the purpose of purchasing LaSalle Bank commercial paper or A1/P1 prime commercial paper (as defined in the revolving note). The proceeds of this note were not made generally available to us, but instead were deposited in an investment account maintained by LaSalle Bank and used and applied solely to purchase commercial paper. Borrowings under the revolving note bore interest at 0.25% and matured on August 1, 2008. The revolving note was not renewed. As of December 31, 2007, there were no amounts outstanding under this revolving note.
On March 4, 2008, we entered into a $35.0 million credit and security agreement with BofA for the purpose of purchasing eligible financial instruments, which include A1/P1 commercial paper, U.S. Treasury securities, GSE discount notes (as defined in the credit and security agreement) and money market funds. The proceeds of this note will not be made generally available to us, but will instead be deposited in an investment account maintained by BofA and will be used and applied solely to purchase eligible financial instruments. Borrowings under the revolving note bear interest at 1.0% with a maturity date of February 28, 2009. As of September 30, 2008, there were no amounts outstanding under this revolving note.
On August 19, 2008, we entered into a $15.0 million uncommitted facility with First Tennessee Bank for the purpose of purchasing investments, which include cash equivalents, agency securities, A1/P1 commercial paper and eligible money market funds. The proceeds of this facility will not be made generally available to us, but will instead be held in a collateral account maintained by First Tennessee Bank. Borrowings under this facility bear interest at 0.25% with a maturity date of August 3, 2009. As of September 30, 2008, there were no amounts outstanding under this facility.
Our wholly-owned subsidiary, CBRE Melody, has the following warehouse lines of credit: credit agreements with JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., or JP Morgan, and BofA for the purpose of funding mortgage loans that will be resold, and a funding arrangement with Red Mortgage Capital Inc., or Red Capital, for the purpose of funding originations of multi-family property mortgage loans. Additionally, CBRE Melody previously had a credit agreement with Washington Mutual Bank, FA, or WaMu, for the purpose of funding mortgage loans that would be resold, which was terminated by WaMu on January 28, 2008.
On November 15, 2005, CBRE Melody entered into a secured credit agreement with JP Morgan to establish a warehouse line of credit. This agreement provided for a $250.0 million senior secured revolving line of credit and bore interest at the daily Chase London LIBOR rate plus 0.75%. On September 13, 2007, CBRE Melody entered into an amendment to its secured credit agreement with JP Morgan, which increased the senior secured revolving line of credit from $250.0 million to $350.0 million, with the additional $100.0 million bearing interest at the Chase London LIBOR rate plus 0.85%. On November 30, 2007, CBRE Melody executed an amendment to extend the maturity date of the agreement to May 31, 2008. This amendment also changed the interest rate to Chase London LIBOR plus 1.00% on amounts outstanding aggregating $250.0 million or less and Chase London LIBOR plus 1.10% on outstanding amounts in excess of $250.0 million. On April 16, 2008, CBRE Melody entered into an amendment which reduced the senior secured revolving line of credit from $350.0 million to $210.0 million, with borrowings up to $150.0 million bearing interest at LIBOR plus 1.00% and borrowings in excess of $150.0 million bearing interest at LIBOR plus 1.10%. On May 31, 2008, CBRE Melody executed an amendment to extend the maturity date of the agreement to May 30, 2009.
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Effective July 1, 2006, CBRE Melody entered into a $200.0 million multi-family mortgage loan repurchase agreement, or Repo Agreement, with WaMu. Under the Repo Agreement, CBRE Melody originated multi-family loans and sold such loans to one or more investors, including Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Ginnie Mae or any of several private institutional investors. WaMu agreed to purchase certain qualifying mortgage loans after such loans had been originated, but prior to sale to one of the aforementioned investors, on a servicing retained basis, subject to CBRE Melody's obligation to repurchase the mortgage loan. Effective August 20, 2007, CBRE Melody entered into a first amendment to the Repo Agreement with WaMu. This amendment provided for, among other things, a change in interest rate from one-month LIBOR, set daily plus 0.75% to one-month LIBOR, set daily plus 0.70%. The Repo Agreement was to continue indefinitely unless or until thirty days written notice was delivered, prior to the termination date, by either CBRE Melody or WaMu. The Repo Agreement was terminated by WaMu effective January 28, 2008.
In February 2008, CBRE Melody established a funding arrangement with Red Capital for the purpose of funding originations of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae multi-family property mortgage loans. Each funding is separately approved on a transaction-by-transaction basis where Red Capital commits to purchase a 100% participation interest in qualifying mortgage loans that are subject to a rate-lock commitment from Freddie Mac or Fannie Mae. Under the arrangement, a participation is funded when a mortgage loan is originated, on a servicing retained basis, subject to CBRE Melody's obligation to repurchase the participation interest upon ultimate sale of the mortgage loan to Freddie Mac or Fannie Mae. Effective September 19, 2008, Red Capital established a new rate on borrowings at the National City Bank one-month internal funds transfer rate plus 1.75%.
On April 16, 2008, CBRE Melody entered into a secured credit agreement with BofA to establish a warehouse line of credit. The agreement provides for a $125.0 million senior secured revolving line of credit, bears interest at the daily one-month LIBOR rate plus 1.00% and expires on April 15, 2009.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, we had a maximum of $390.2 million of warehouse lines of credit principal outstanding. As of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, we had $226.1 million and $255.8 million of warehouse lines of credit principal outstanding, respectively, which are included in short-term borrowings in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Additionally, we had $226.1 million and $255.8 million of mortgage loans held for sale (warehouse receivables), which represented mortgage loans funded through the lines of credit that, while committed to be purchased, had not yet been purchased as of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively, and which are also included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
On July 31, 2006, CBRE Melody entered into a $60.0 million revolving credit note with JP Morgan for the purpose of purchasing qualified investment securities, which include but are not limited to U.S. Treasury and Agency securities. The proceeds of this note will not be made generally available to CBRE Melody, but will instead be deposited in an investment account maintained by JP Morgan and will be used and applied solely to purchase qualified investment securities. Borrowings under the revolving credit note will bear interest at 0.50%. Initially, all outstanding principal on this note and all accrued interest unpaid was to be due and payable on demand, or if no demand was made, then on or before July 31, 2007. Effective May 1, 2007, CBRE Melody executed an amendment which increased the revolving credit note to $100.0 million and extended the maturity date to April 30, 2008. CBRE Melody executed several amendments, the last of which further extended the maturity date to May 30, 2009. As of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, there were no amounts outstanding under this revolving credit note.
On April 30, 2007, Trammell Crow Company Acquisitions II, L.P. (Acquisitions II), a legal entity within our Development Services segment that we consolidate, entered into a $100.0 million revolving credit agreement with WestLB AG, as administrative agent for a lender group. Borrowings under this credit agreement are used to fund acquisitions of real estate prior to receipt of capital contributions
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from Acquisitions II investors and permanent project financing, and are limited to a portion of unfunded capital commitments of certain Acquisitions II investors. As of September 30, 2008, borrowing capacity under this agreement, net of outstanding amounts drawn, was $32.7 million. Borrowings under this agreement bear interest at the daily British Bankers Association LIBOR rate plus 0.65% and this agreement expires on April 30, 2010. Subject to certain conditions, Acquisitions II can extend the maturity date of the credit facility for an additional term of not longer than 12 months and may increase the maximum commitment to an amount not exceeding $150.0 million. Borrowings under the line are non-recourse to us and are secured by the capital commitments of the investors in Acquisitions II. As of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, there was $5.9 million and $42.6 million, respectively, outstanding under this revolving credit note included in short-term borrowings in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
In connection with our acquisition of Westmark Realty Advisors in 1995 (now known as CB Richard Ellis Investors), we issued approximately $20.0 million in aggregate principal amount of senior notes. The Westmark senior notes are redeemable at the discretion of the note holders and have a final maturity date of June 30, 2010. The interest rate on the Westmark senior notes is currently equal to the interest rate in effect for amounts outstanding under our Credit Agreement plus 12 basis points. The amount of the Westmark senior notes included in short-term borrowings in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets was $9.0 million and $11.2 million as of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.
Insignia, which we acquired in July 2003, issued loan notes as partial consideration for previous acquisitions of businesses in the U.K. The acquisition loan notes are payable to the sellers of the previously acquired U.K. businesses and are secured by restricted cash deposits in approximately the same amount. The acquisition loan notes are redeemable semi-annually at the discretion of the note holder and have a final maturity date of April 2010. As of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, $1.4 million and $1.9 million, respectively, of the acquisition loan notes were outstanding and are included in short-term borrowings in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
In July 2008, in connection with the purchase of the remaining 50% ownership interest we did not already own in our affiliate CB Richard Ellis Tucson, LLC, we issued a loan note that is payable to the seller. One-half of the loan note is due on June 30, 2009, with the remainder due on June 30, 2010. The amount of the CB Richard Ellis Tucson, LLC loan note included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets at September 30, 2008 was $1.6 million.
A significant number of our subsidiaries in Europe have had a Euro cash pool loan since 2001, which is used to fund their short-term liquidity needs. The Euro cash pool loan is an overdraft line for our European operations issued by HSBC Bank. The Euro cash pool loan has no stated maturity date and bears interest at varying rates based on a base rate as defined by HSBC Bank plus 2.5%. As of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, there were no amounts outstanding under this facility.
Deferred Compensation Plan Obligations
We have three deferred compensation plans, or DCPs. The first, which we refer to as the Pre-August 2004 DCP, has been frozen and is no longer accepting deferrals. The second, which we refer to as the Post-August 2004 DCP, became effective on August 1, 2004 and began accepting deferrals on August 13, 2004. The Trammell Crow Company DCP, which was assumed by us in connection with the Trammell Crow Company Acquisition, was merged into the Post-August 2004 DCP effective January 1, 2008. The third, which we refer to as the Restoration Plan and was assumed by us in connection with our acquisition of Insignia, has been frozen and is no longer accepting deferrals. Because a substantial majority of the deferrals under our deferred compensation plans have distribution dates based upon the end of a relevant participant's employment with us, we have an ongoing obligation to make distributions to these participants as they leave our employment. In addition, participants currently may
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receive unscheduled in-service withdrawals of amounts deferred prior to January 1, 2005, subject to a 7.5% penalty. As the level of employee departures or in-service distributions is not predictable, the timing of these obligations also is not predictable. Accordingly, we may face significant unexpected cash funding obligations in the future if in-service distributions are greater than we expect or participants leave our employment sooner than we expect. The deferred compensation liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets were $268.7 million and $290.6 million at September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.
Pension Liability
Our subsidiaries based in the United Kingdom maintain two contributory defined benefit pension plans to provide retirement benefits to existing and former employees participating in the plans. With respect to these plans, our historical policy has been to contribute annually an amount to fund pension cost as actuarially determined and as required by applicable laws and regulations. Our contributions to these plans are invested and, if these investments do not perform in the future as well as we expect, we will be required to provide additional funding to cover the shortfall. During the third quarter of 2007, we reached agreements with the active members of these plans to freeze future pension plan benefits. In return, the active members became eligible to enroll in the CBRE Group Personal Pension Plan, a defined contribution plan in the United Kingdom. The pension liability in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets was $30.1 million and $34.2 million at September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.
We expect to contribute a total of $4.5 million to fund our pension plans for the year ending December 31, 2008, of which $3.1 million was funded as of September 30, 2008.
Other Obligations and Commitments
We had outstanding letters of credit totaling $23.8 million as of September 30, 2008, excluding letters of credit for which we have outstanding liabilities already accrued on our consolidated balance sheet related to our subsidiaries' outstanding reserves for claims under certain insurance programs and indebtedness. These letters of credit are primarily executed by us in the normal course of business of our Development Services segment as well as in connection with certain insurance programs. The letters of credit expire at varying dates through August 2009.
We had guarantees totaling $36.1 million as of September 30, 2008, excluding guarantees related to consolidated indebtedness and pension liabilities for which we have outstanding liabilities already accrued on our consolidated balance sheet as well as operating leases. These guarantees primarily consisted of a $26.6 million guarantee of pension liabilities related to one of our defined benefit pension plans in the United Kingdom. The remaining guarantees primarily included debt repayment guarantees of unconsolidated subsidiaries as well as various guarantees of management contracts in our operations overseas. The guarantee obligations related to debt repayment guarantees of unconsolidated subsidiaries expire at varying dates through December 2009. The other guarantees will expire at the end of each of the respective agreements.
In addition, as of September 30, 2008, we had numerous completion and budget guarantees relating to development projects. These guarantees are made by us in the normal course of business. Each of these guarantees requires us to complete construction of the relevant project within a specified timeframe and/or within a specified budget, with us potentially being liable for costs to complete in excess of such timeframe or budget. However, we generally have "guaranteed maximum price" contracts with reputable general contractors with respect to projects for which we provide these guarantees. These contracts are intended to pass the risk to such contractors. While there can be no assurance, we do not expect to incur any material losses under these guarantees.
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From time to time, we act as a general contractor with respect to construction projects. We do not consider these activities to be a material part of our business. In connection with these activities, we seek to subcontract construction work for certain projects to reputable subcontractors. Should construction defects arise relating to the underlying projects, we could potentially be liable to the client for the costs to repair such defects; we would generally look to the subcontractor that performed the work to remedy the defect and also look to insurance policies that cover this work. While there can be no assurance, we do not expect to incur material losses with respect to construction defects.
In January 2008, CBRE Melody entered into an agreement with Fannie Mae, under Fannie Mae's Delegated Underwriting and Servicing, or DUS, Lender Program, to provide financing for apartments with five or more units. Under the DUS Program, CBRE Melody originates, underwrites, closes and services loans without prior approval by Fannie Mae, and in selected cases, is subject to sharing one-third of any losses on loans issued under the DUS program. CBRE Melody has funded loans subject to such loss sharing arrangements with unpaid principal balances of $300.1 million. Additionally, CBRE Melody has funded loans under the DUS program that are not subject to loss sharing arrangements with unpaid principal balances of approximately $205.0 million. CBRE Melody, under its agreement with Fannie Mae, must post cash reserves under formulas established by Fannie Mae to provide for sufficient capital in the event losses occur. As of September 30, 2008, CBRE Melody only had $0.6 million of cash reserved under this arrangement.
An important part of the strategy for our investment management business involves investing our capital in certain real estate investments with our clients. These co-investments typically range from 2% to 5% of the equity in a particular fund. As of September 30, 2008, we had committed $72.4 million to fund future co-investments, of which $19.8 million is expected to be funded during 2008. In addition to required future capital contributions, some of the co-investment entities may request additional capital from us and our subsidiaries holding investments in those assets and the failure to provide these contributions could have adverse consequences to our interests in these investments.
Additionally, an important part of our development services business strategy is to invest in unconsolidated real estate subsidiaries as a principal (in most cases co-investing with our clients). As of September 30, 2008, we had committed to fund $13.9 million of additional capital to these unconsolidated subsidiaries, which may be called at any time.
Seasonality
A significant portion of our revenue is seasonal, which can affect an investor's ability to compare our financial condition and results of operations on a quarter-by-quarter basis. Historically, this seasonality has caused our revenue, operating income, net income and cash flow from operating activities to be lower in the first two quarters and higher in the third and fourth quarters of each year. However, there can be no assurance that the foregoing will occur in the fourth quarter of 2008 given the current economic dislocations. The concentration of earnings and cash flow in the fourth quarter is due to an industry-wide focus on completing transactions toward the calendar year-end. This has historically resulted in lower profits or a loss in the first and second quarters, with profits growing or losses decreasing in each subsequent quarter.
New Accounting Pronouncements
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 158, "Employers' Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans—an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R)." SFAS No. 158 requires an employer to recognize the funded status of each pension and other post-retirement benefit plan as an asset or liability on their balance sheet with all unrecognized amounts to be recorded in other comprehensive income. As required, we adopted this provision of SFAS No. 158 and initially applied it to the funded status of our defined benefit pension plans as of
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December 31, 2006. SFAS No. 158 also ultimately requires an employer to measure the funded status of a plan as of the date of the employer's fiscal year-end statement of financial position. As required, we will adopt the provisions of SFAS No. 158 relative to the measurement date in our fiscal year ending December 31, 2008. We are currently evaluating the impact, if any, that the full adoption of SFAS No. 158 will have on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, "Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements—An Amendment of ARB No. 51." SFAS No. 160 establishes accounting and reporting standards for a parent company's noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. Under SFAS No. 160, a change in control will be measured at fair value, with any gain or loss recognized in earnings. SFAS No. 160 is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2008. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of SFAS No. 160 on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (Revised 2007), "Business Combinations," or SFAS No. 141R. SFAS No. 141R amends SFAS No. 141 and provides revised guidance for recognizing and measuring assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. This statement also requires that transaction costs in a business combination be expensed as incurred. Changes in acquired tax contingencies, including those existing at the date of adoption, will be recognized in earnings if outside the maximum allocation period (generally one year). SFAS No. 141R will apply prospectively to business combinations for which the acquisition date is after fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2008. We are currently evaluating the impact of SFAS No. 141R.
In February 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position (FSP) 157-2, "Effective Date of SFAS No. 157." FSP 157-2 delays the effective date of SFAS No. 157, "Fair Value Measurements," for all non-financial assets and liabilities, except for items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually), until fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 157 for financial assets and liabilities as of January 1, 2008 and there was no significant impact to our consolidated financial position and results of operations. We are currently evaluating the impact that SFAS No. 157 will have on our consolidated financial position and results of operations when it is applied to non-financial assets and liabilities, except for items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis.
In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, "Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, an amendment of SFAS No. 133." SFAS No. 161 requires additional disclosures about the objectives of the derivative instruments and hedging activities, the method of accounting for such instruments under SFAS No. 133 and its related interpretations, and a tabular disclosure of the effects of such instruments and related hedged items on our financial position, financial performance and cash flows. SFAS No. 161 is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008. We are currently evaluating the disclosure impact of the adoption of SFAS No. 161 on our consolidated financial statements.
In April 2008, the FASB issued FSP No. 142-3, "Determination of the Useful Life of Intangible Assets." FSP No. 142-3 amends the factors that should be considered in developing renewal or extension assumptions used to determine the useful life of a recognized intangible asset under SFAS No. 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets." The intent of this FSP is to improve the consistency between the useful life of a recognized intangible asset and the period of expected cash flows used to measure the fair value of the asset under SFAS No. 141, and other GAAP. FSP No. 142-3 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption prohibited. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of FSP No. 142-3 on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.
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In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 162, "The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles." SFAS No. 162 identifies the sources of accounting principles and the framework for selecting principles to be used in the preparation of financial statements of nongovernmental entities that are presented in conformity with GAAP in the United States. This statement shall be effective 60 days following the SEC's approval of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board's amendments to AU section 411, "The Meaning of Present Fairly in Conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles." We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of SFAS No. 162 on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 163, "Accounting for Financial Guarantee Insurance Contracts—an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 60." SFAS No. 163 requires that an insurance enterprise recognize a claim liability prior to an event of default (insured event) when there is evidence that credit deterioration has occurred in an insured financial obligation. This statement also clarifies how SFAS No. 60, "Accounting and Reporting by Insurance Enterprises," applies to financial guarantee insurance contracts, including the recognition and measurement to be used to account for premium revenue and claim liabilities. This statement is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2008. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of SFAS No. 163 on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In June 2008, the FASB issued EITF Issue No. 08-3, "Accounting by Lessees for Nonrefundable Maintenance Deposits." EITF Issue No. 08-3 requires that nonrefundable maintenance deposits paid by a lessee under an arrangement accounted for as a lease be accounted for as a deposit asset until the underlying maintenance is performed. When the underlying maintenance is performed, the deposit may be expensed or capitalized in accordance with the lessee's maintenance accounting policy. Upon adoption, entities must recognize the effect of the change as a change in accounting principal. EITF Issue No. 08-3 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of EITF Issue No. 08-3 on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In June 2008, the FASB issued FSP EITF 03-6-1, "Determining Whether Instruments Granted in Share-Based Payment Transactions are Participating Securities." FSP EITF 03-6-1 clarifies that unvested share-based payment awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (whether paid or unpaid) are participating securities and are to be included in the computation of earnings per share under the two-class method described in SFAS No. 128. FSP EITF 03-6-1 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008.
In September 2008, the FASB issued EITF Issue No. 08-5, "Issuer's Accounting for Liabilities Measured at Fair Value With a Third-Party Credit Enhancement." EITF Issue No. 08-5 provides guidance for measuring liabilities issued with an attached third-party credit enhancement (such as a guarantee). It clarifies that the issuer of a liability with a third-party credit enhancement (such as a guarantee) should not include the effect of the credit enhancement in the fair value measurement of the liability. EITF Issue No. 08-5 is effective for the first reporting period beginning after December 15, 2008, with early adoption permitted. We are currently assessing the impact of the adoption of EITF Issue No. 08-5 on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In September 2008, the FASB issued FSP SFAS No. 133-1 and FASB Interpretation No. (FIN) 45-4, "Disclosures about Credit Derivatives and Certain Guarantees: An Amendment of FASB Statement No. 133 and FASB Interpretation No. 45; and Clarification of the Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 161." FSP No. 133-1 requires more extensive disclosures regarding potential adverse effects of changes in credit risk on the financial position, financial performance, and cash flows of sellers of credit derivatives. FSP No. 133-1 also amends FIN 45, "Guarantor's Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness to Others," to require additional disclosure about the current status of the payment or performance risk of a guarantee. FSP No. 133-1 also
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clarifies the effective date of SFAS No. 161, by stating that the disclosures required should be provided for any reporting period (annual or quarterly interim) beginning after November 15, 2008. We are currently evaluating the disclosure impact of adoption of FSP No. 133-1 on our consolidated financial statements.
In October 2008, the FASB issued FSP No. 157-3, "Determining the Fair Value of a Financial Asset When the Market for That Asset Is Not Active." FSP No. 157-3 clarifies the application of SFAS No. 157 in a market that is not active. It demonstrates how the fair value of a financial asset is determined when the market for that financial asset is inactive. FSP No. 157-3 was effective upon issuance, including prior periods for which financial statements had not been issued. The adoption of FSP No. 157-3 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.
Forward-Looking Statements
This quarterly report on Form 10-Q includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The words "anticipate," "believe," "could," "should," "propose," "continue," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "may," "plan," "predict," "project," "will" and similar terms and phrases are used in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q to identify forward-looking statements. These statements relate to analyses and other information based on forecasts of future results and estimates of amounts not yet determinable. These statements also relate to our future prospects, developments and business strategies.
These forward-looking statements are made based on our management's expectations and beliefs concerning future events affecting us and are subject to uncertainties and factors relating to our operations and business environment, all of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control. These uncertainties and factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from those matters expressed in or implied by these forward-looking statements.
The following factors are among those, but are not only those, that may cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements:
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- changes in general economic and business conditions, particularly in geographies where our business may be concentrated, including the volatility and disruption of the capital and credit markets, interest rate increases, the cost and availability of capital for investment in real estate, clients' willingness to make real estate or long-term contractual commitments and other factors impacting the value of real estate assets;
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- increases in unemployment and general slowdowns in commercial activity;
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- our ability to comply with the financial ratio covenants under our Credit Agreement, or, if required, our ability to renegotiate such covenants or obtain a waiver of such covenants from our lenders;
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- our leverage and ability to refinance existing indebtedness or incur additional indebtedness;
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- our ability to generate a sufficient amount of cash to satisfy working capital requirements and to service our existing and future indebtedness;
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- our ability to reduce debt and achieve cash interest savings;
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- the impairment or weakened financial condition of certain of our clients;
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- the impairment of our goodwill and other intangible assets as a result of business deterioration or our stock price falling;
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- our ability to achieve estimated cost savings in connection with our existing or future cost reduction plans and achieve improvements in operating efficiency;
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- our ability to diversify our revenue model to offset cyclical economic trends in the commercial real estate industry;
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- our ability to retain our senior management and attract and retain qualified and experienced employees;
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- our ability to attract new user and investor clients;
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- our ability to retain major clients and renew related contracts;
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- a reduction by companies in their reliance on outsourcing for their commercial real estate needs, which would impact our revenues and operating performance;
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- changes in the key components of revenue growth for large commercial real estate services companies, including consolidation of client accounts and increasing levels of institutional ownership of commercial real estate;
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- trends in use of large, full-service real estate providers;
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- trends in pricing for commercial real estate services;
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- tax deductions that may be available to us in connection with distributions in 2009 to participants under our U.S. deferred compensation plans;
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- our ability to maximize cross-selling opportunities;
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- diversification of our client base;
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- our ability to compete globally, or in specific geographic markets or business segments that are material to us;
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- changes in social, political and economic conditions in the foreign countries in which we operate;
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- our ability to manage fluctuations in net earnings and cash flow, which could result from our participation as a principal in real estate investments;
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- variability in our results of operations among quarters;
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- future acquisitions may not be available at favorable prices or upon advantageous terms and conditions;
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- costs relating to the acquisition of businesses we may acquire could be higher than anticipated;
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- integration issues arising out of the acquisition of companies we may acquire, including that we may not be able to improve operating efficiency as much as anticipated;
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- our ability to leverage our global services platform to maximize and sustain long-term cash flow;
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- our ability to comply with the laws and regulations applicable to real estate brokerage and mortgage transactions;
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- our exposure to liabilities in connection with real estate brokerage and property management activities;
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- foreign currency fluctuations;
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- adverse changes in the securities markets;
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- the failure of properties managed by us to perform as anticipated;
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- the success of our co-investment and joint venture activities;
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- the ability of our Global Investment Management segment to comply with applicable laws and regulations governing its role as a registered investment advisor;
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- the ability of our Global Investment Management segment to realize values in investment funds sufficient to offset incentive compensation expense related thereto;
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- our ability to sufficiently protect our intellectual property, including protection of our global brand;
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- liabilities under guarantees, or for construction defects, that we incur in our Development Services business;
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- the ability of CBRE Melody to periodically amend, or replace, on satisfactory terms the agreements for its indebtedness;
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- the effect of implementation of new tax and accounting rules and standards; and
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- the other factors described elsewhere in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, included under the heading "Risk Factors" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies," and "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk" or as described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date the statements are made. You should not put undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. We assume no obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect actual results, changes in assumptions or changes in other factors affecting forward-looking information, except to the extent required by applicable securities laws. If we do update one or more forward-looking statements, no inference should be drawn that we will make additional updates with respect to those or other forward-looking statements. Additional information concerning these and other risks and uncertainties is contained in our other periodic filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The information in this section should be read in connection with the information on market risk related to changes in interest rates and non-U.S. currency exchange rates in Part II, Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007. Our exposure to market risk consists of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations related to our international operations and changes in interest rates on debt obligations.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, approximately 39.9% of our business was transacted in local currencies of foreign countries, the majority of which includes the Euro, the British pound sterling, the Canadian dollar, the Hong Kong dollar, the Japanese yen, the Singapore dollar, the Australian dollar and the Indian rupee. We attempt to manage our exposure primarily by balancing assets and liabilities and maintaining cash positions in foreign currencies only at levels necessary for operating purposes. We routinely monitor our exposure to currency exchange rate changes in connection with transactions and sometimes enter into foreign currency exchange forward and option contracts to limit our exposure to such transactions, as appropriate. In the normal course of business, we also sometimes utilize derivative financial instruments in the form of foreign currency exchange contracts to mitigate foreign currency exchange exposure resulting from inter-company loans, expected cash flow and earnings. We apply Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities," as amended, when accounting for any such contracts. In all cases, we view derivative financial instruments as a risk management tool and, accordingly, do not engage in any speculative activities with respect to foreign currency.
On December 20, 2007, we entered into a foreign currency exchange forward contract with a notional amount of 46.0 million British pounds sterling, which expired on October 31, 2008, in order to hedge an inter-company loan. On February 28, 2008, we entered into three option agreements, including two to sell a notional amount of 14.0 million of Euros and 11.5 million of Euros, which expired on June 26, 2008 and September 26, 2008, respectively. The third option agreement was to sell a notional amount of 37.7 million of Euros, which expires on December 26, 2008. Included in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations was income of $3.6 million and charges of $4.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, respectively, resulting from net gains and losses on foreign currency exchange forward and option contracts.
We also enter into loan commitments that relate to the origination or acquisition of commercial mortgage loans that will be held for resale. SFAS No. 133, as amended, requires that these commitments be recorded at their relative fair values as derivatives. The net impact on our financial position or earnings resulting from these derivatives contracts has not been significant.
Estimated fair values for the term loans under our senior secured term loan facilities and our remaining long-term debt are not presented because we believe that they are not materially different from book value. Borrowings are floating rate instruments and we believe that for similar financial instruments with comparable credit risks, the stated interest rates as of September 30, 2008 (floating rates at spreads over a market rate index) approximate market rates. Accordingly, the carrying value is believed to approximate fair value. However, based on the current credit market environment, it may not be possible to replicate our current spreads over the market rate index.
On February 26, 2007, we entered into two interest rate swap agreements with a total notional amount of $1.4 billion and a maturity date of December 31, 2009. The purpose of these interest rate swap agreements is to hedge potential changes to our cash flows due to the variable interest nature of our senior secured term loan facilities. On March 20, 2007, these interest rate swaps were designated as cash flow hedges under SFAS No. 133. We incurred a loss on these interest rate swaps from the date we entered into the swaps up to the designation date of approximately $3.9 million, which is included in other loss in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations for the nine months ended
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September 30, 2007. There was no hedge ineffectiveness for the nine months ended September 30, 2008. On March 20, 2008, the notional amount of these swap agreements was reduced to $950.0 million. As of September 30, 2008, the fair value of these interest rate swap agreements was reflected as a $10.8 million liability and is included in other current liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
We utilize sensitivity analyses to assess the potential effect of our variable rate debt. If interest rates were to increase by 49 basis points, which would comprise approximately 10% of the weighted average interest rates of our outstanding variable rate debt, excluding notes payable on real estate, at September 30, 2008, the net impact would be a decrease of $10.5 million on pre-tax income and cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2008.
We also have $611.9 million of notes payable on real estate as of September 30, 2008. Interest costs relating to notes payable on real estate include both interest that is expensed and interest that is capitalized as part of the cost of real estate. If interest rates were to increase by 100 basis points, our total estimated interest cost related to notes payable would increase by approximately $6.1 million. From time to time, we enter into interest rate swap and cap agreements in order to limit our interest expense related to our notes payable on real estate. If any of these agreements are not designated as effective hedges under SFAS No. 133, then they are marked to market each period with the change in fair market value recognized in current period earnings. There was no significant net impact on our earnings resulting from gains and/or losses on interest rate swap and cap agreements associated with notes payable on real estate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
We have formally adopted a policy for disclosure controls and procedures that provides guidance on the evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures and is designed to ensure that all corporate disclosure is complete and accurate in all material respects and that all information required to be disclosed in the periodic reports submitted by us under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods and in the manner specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company's management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. As of the end of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures. A Disclosure Committee consisting of the principal accounting officer, general counsel, chief communication officer, senior officers of each significant business line and other select employees assisted the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer in this evaluation. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as required by the Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(c) as of the end of the period covered by this report.
No changes in our internal control over financial reporting occurred during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2008 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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We are a party to a number of pending or threatened lawsuits arising out of, or incident to, our ordinary course of business. Our management believes that any liability imposed on us that may result from disposition of these lawsuits will not have a material effect on our business, consolidated financial position, cash flows or results of operations.
Set forth below and elsewhere in this report and in other documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission are risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the results contemplated by the forward-looking statements contained in this report and other public statements we make. Based on the information currently known to us, we believe that the matters discussed below identify the most significant risk factors affecting our business. However, the risks and uncertainties we face are not limited to those described below. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial may also adversely affect our business and the trading price of our securities.
Recent adverse developments in the credit markets and the risk of continued market deterioration have adversely affected and may continue to adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our capital markets business, which includes debt and equity financing services, and our Global Investment Management and Development Services businesses, are sensitive to the cost and availability of credit and liquidity in the credit markets. Additionally, the revenues in all of our businesses are dependent to some extent on the overall volume of activity (and pricing) in the commercial real estate market. In 2008, the credit markets have experienced largely unexpected and historic dislocations and liquidity disruptions. These disruptions have reduced the availability and significantly increased the cost of most sources of funding. In some cases, these sources have been eliminated.
Disruptions in the credit markets may adversely affect our business of providing advisory services to owners, investors and occupiers of real estate in connection with the leasing, disposition and acquisition of property. If our clients are unable to procure credit on favorable terms, there may be fewer completed leasings, dispositions and acquisitions of property. For example, during 2007, we generated approximately 12.3% of our revenue from U.S. investment property sales and financing activities. For the nine months ended September 30, 2008, largely due to credit and liquidity disruptions in the market, our U.S. investment property sales and financing activities accounted for approximately 7.4% of our revenue. In addition, if purchasers of real estate are not able to procure favorable financing resulting in the lack of disposition opportunities for our funds and projects, our Global Investment Management and Development Services businesses will be unable to generate incentive fees and we may also experience losses of coinvested equity capital.
We believe that the scope of recent disruptions in the credit markets has been unprecedented and that many market participants did not fully anticipate them. As a result, the magnitude or duration of the current credit market dislocations and liquidity disruptions are impossible to predict. This limits our ability to plan for future developments and we believe that it limits the ability of other participants in the credit markets and commercial real estate markets to do so as well. This uncertainty may lead market participants to plan and act more conservatively than in recent history, which may amplify decreases in demand and pricing in the markets we service.
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The success of our business is significantly related to general economic conditions and, accordingly, our business has been and could continue to be harmed by the economic slowdown and downturn in the real estate market.
Periods of economic slowdown or recession, significantly rising interest rates, a declining employment level, a declining demand for real estate or the public perception that any of these events may occur, can reduce volumes for many of our business lines. These economic conditions have resulted in and could continue to result in a general decline in acquisition, disposition and leasing activity, as well as a general decline in the value of real estate and in rents, which in turn would reduce revenue from property management fees and brokerage commissions derived from property sales and leases. In addition, these conditions have led and could continue to lead to a decline in sales prices as well as a decline in funds invested in commercial real estate and related assets. Because our development and investment strategy often entails making relatively modest investments alongside our investor clients, our ability to conduct these activities depends in part on the supply of investment capital for commercial real estate and related assets. The economic downturn or a significant increase in interest rates has, and may continue to reduce the amount of loan originations and related servicing by our commercial mortgage brokerage business.
During the economic downturn, it may also take longer for us to dispose of real estate investments or the selling prices may be lower than originally anticipated. As a result, the carrying value of our real estate investments may become impaired and we could record losses as a result of such impairment or we could experience reduced profitability related to declines in real estate values. Further, as a result of our debt level and the terms of our existing debt instruments, our exposure to adverse general economic conditions is heightened.
Recently, the availability and cost of credit, a declining real estate market (in particular, in those markets in which we have generated significant transaction revenues in the past, such as the United States) and geopolitical issues have contributed to increased volatility and diminished expectations for the economy and the markets going forward. These factors, combined with volatile oil prices, declining business and consumer confidence and increased unemployment, have precipitated an economic slowdown and fears of a global recession. The fragility of the credit markets and the current economic environment have impacted real estate services companies like ours through liquidity restrictions, falling transaction volumes, lower real estate valuations, market volatility and fluctuations, and loss of confidence. Similar to other commercial real estate services firms, our transaction volumes have fallen throughout 2008 and our stock price has declined significantly.
The negative general economic conditions could continue to reduce the overall amount of sale and leasing activity in the commercial real estate industry, and hence the demand for our services. We are unable to predict the likely duration and severity of the current disruption in financial markets and adverse economic conditions in the United States and other countries. Our revenues and profitability depend on the overall demand for our services from our clients. While it is possible that the increase in the number of distressed sales and resulting decrease in asset prices will eventually translate to greater market activity, the current overall reduction in sales transaction volume continues to materially and adversely impact our business.
If the conditions prevalent in the economy and the real estate industry worsen in the future, our transaction volumes could continue to fall and profits from our Global Investment Management and Development Services businesses could decline further. If this were to occur, we could fail to comply with certain financial covenants in our debt instruments which would force us to seek a waiver and amendment with the lenders under our credit agreement, and no assurance can be given that we will be able to obtain any necessary waivers or amendments on satisfactory terms, if at all. In addition, in an extreme deterioration of our business, we could have insufficient liquidity to meet our debt service obligations when they come due in future years. If we fail to meet our payment or other obligations
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under our credit agreement, the lenders under those facilities will be entitled to proceed against the collateral granted to them to secure the debt owed.
Our debt instruments impose operating and financial restrictions on us and, in the event of a default, all of our borrowings would become immediately due and payable.
Our debt instruments, including our credit agreement, impose, and the terms of any future debt may impose, operating and other restrictions on us and many of our subsidiaries. These restrictions will affect, and in many respects will limit or prohibit, our ability and our restricted subsidiaries' abilities to:
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- incur or guarantee additional indebtedness;
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- pay dividends or make distributions on capital stock or redeem or repurchase capital stock;
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- repurchase equity interests;
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- make investments;
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- create restrictions on the payment of dividends or other amounts to us;
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- transfer or sell assets, including the stock of subsidiaries;
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- create liens;
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- enter into transactions with affiliates;
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- enter into sale/leaseback transactions; and
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- enter into mergers or consolidations.
As detailed below, our credit agreement contains financial covenants that currently require us to maintain a maximum leverage ratio of Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in our credit agreement) to total debt less available cash and minimum coverage ratio of interest. Our ability to meet these financial ratios can be affected by events beyond our control, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to meet those ratios when required. Due to the decline in Consolidated EBITDA in recent periods, and if our Consolidated EBITDA continues to decline in future periods, and we are unable to negotiate a waiver or amendment to our credit agreement, we may be unable to comply with the financial covenants under our credit agreement in future periods.
A breach of any of these restrictive covenants or the inability to comply with the required financial ratios could result in a default under our debt instruments. If any such default occurs, the lenders under our credit agreement may elect to declare all outstanding borrowings, together with accrued interest and other fees, to be immediately due and payable. The lenders under our credit agreement also have the right in these circumstances to terminate any commitments they have to provide further borrowings. If we are unable to repay outstanding borrowings when due, the lenders under our credit agreement will have the right to proceed against the collateral granted to them to secure the debt, which collateral is described in the immediately following risk factor. If the debt under our credit agreement were to be accelerated, we cannot give assurance that this collateral would be sufficient to repay our debt.
The restrictions contained in our debt instruments could also:
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- limit our ability to plan for or react to market conditions or meet capital needs or otherwise restrict our activities or business plans; and
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- adversely affect our ability to finance ongoing operations, strategic acquisitions, investments or other capital needs or to engage in other business activities that would be in our interest.
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If we fail to meet our payment or other obligations under our credit agreement, the lenders under such credit agreement could foreclose on, and acquire control of, substantially all of our assets.
In connection with the incurrence of indebtedness under our credit agreement and the completion of our acquisition of Trammell Crow Company, the lenders under our credit agreement received a pledge of all of our equity interests in our significant domestic subsidiaries, including CB Richard Ellis Services, Inc., CBRE Investors, CBRE Melody, Insignia, CB Richard Ellis Real Estate Services, LLC, Trammell Crow Company and CBRE Real Estate Services, Inc. and 65% of the voting stock of our foreign subsidiaries that is held directly by us or our domestic subsidiaries. As a result of these pledges and liens, if we fail to meet our payment or other obligations under our credit agreement, including complying with the financial covenant ratios set forth above, the lenders under our credit agreement will be entitled to foreclose on such collateral.
Our substantial leverage and debt service obligations could harm our ability to operate our business, remain in compliance with debt covenants and make payments on our debt.
We are highly leveraged and have significant debt service obligations. Although we paid down our high-interest debt in 2006, we borrowed approximately $2.1 billion of term loans under our credit agreement in December 2006 to finance our acquisition of Trammell Crow Company and $300.0 million of additional term loans under our credit agreement in March 2008. As of September 30, 2008, we had $2.7 billion of total recourse debt outstanding. For the fourth quarter of 2008, our estimated interest expense is expected to be approximately $43.5 million. Our level of indebtedness increases the possibility that we may be unable to generate cash sufficient to pay when due the principal of, interest on or other amounts due in respect of our indebtedness. In addition, we may incur additional debt from time to time to finance strategic acquisitions, investments, joint ventures or for other purposes, subject to the restrictions contained in the documents governing our indebtedness. If we incur additional debt, the risks associated with our leverage, including our ability to service our debt, would increase. If we are required to seek an amendment to our credit agreement, our debt service obligations may be substantially increased.
Our debt could have other important consequences, which include, but are not limited to, the following:
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- we could be required to use a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to pay principal and interest on our debt;
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- our interest expense could increase if interest rates increase because the loans under our credit agreement bear interest at floating rates (and only a portion of this debt is at fixed interest rates accomplished through interest rate swaps);
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- our leverage could increase our vulnerability to general economic downturns and adverse competitive and industry conditions, placing us at a disadvantage compared to those of our competitors that are less leveraged;
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- our debt service obligations could limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and in the commercial real estate services industry;
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- our failure to comply with the financial and other restrictive covenants in the documents governing our indebtedness, which, among others, require us to maintain specified financial ratios and limit our ability to incur additional debt and sell assets, could result in an event of default that, if not cured or waived, results in foreclosure on substantially all of our assets; and
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- our level of debt may restrict us from raising additional financing on satisfactory terms to fund working capital, strategic acquisitions, investments, joint ventures and other general corporate requirements.
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From time to time, Moody's Investors Service and Standard & Poor's Ratings Service rate our significant outstanding debt. These ratings and any downgrades thereof may impact our ability to borrow under any new agreements in the future, as well as the interest rates and other terms of any current or future borrowings, and could also cause a decline in the market price of our common stock.
We cannot be certain that our earnings will be sufficient to allow us to pay principal and interest on our debt and meet our other obligations. If we do not have sufficient earnings, we may be required to seek to refinance all or part of our existing debt, sell assets, borrow more money or sell more securities, none of which we can guarantee that we will be able to do and which, if accomplished, may adversely impact our stock price.
We are not restricted in the amount of additional recourse debt we are able to incur, which may intensify the risks associated with our leverage, including our ability to service our indebtedness.
Subject to the maximum amounts of indebtedness permitted by our credit agreement covenants, we are not restricted in the amount of additional recourse debt we are able to incur in connection with the financing of our development activities, and we may in the future incur such indebtedness in order to decrease the amount of equity we invest in these activities. Subject to certain covenants in our various bank credit agreements, we are also not restricted in the amount of additional recourse debt CBRE Melody & Company may incur in connection with funding loan originations for multi-family properties having prior purchase commitments by a government sponsored entity.
The deteriorating financial condition and/or results of operations of certain of our clients could adversely affect our business.
We could be adversely affected by the actions and deteriorating financial condition and results of operations of certain of our clients. Our clients include companies in the financial services industry, including commercial banks, investment banks and insurance companies, as well as the automobile industry. Defaults or non-performance by, or even rumors or questions about, one or more financial services institutions, or the financial services industry generally, have led to market-wide liquidity problems and could lead to losses or defaults by one or more of our clients, which in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
Any of our clients may experience a downturn in its business that may weaken its results of operations and financial condition. As a result, a client may fail to make payments when due, become insolvent or declare bankruptcy. For example, in 2008, a significant customer of our outsourcing business, Washington Mutual, was seized by federal regulators and sold to J.P. Morgan Chase. Any client bankruptcy or insolvency or the failure of any client to make payments when due could result in material losses to our company. In particular, if any of our significant clients becomes insolvent or suffers a downturn in its business, it may seriously harm our business. Bankruptcy filings by or relating to one of our clients could bar us from collecting pre-bankruptcy debts from that client. A client bankruptcy would delay our efforts to collect past due balances and could ultimately preclude full collection of these amounts. Any unsecured claim we hold against a bankrupt entity may be paid only to the extent that funds are available and only in the same percentage as is paid to all other holders of unsecured claims. We may recover substantially less than the full value of any unsecured claims in the event of the bankruptcy of a large client, which would adversely impact our financial condition.
While no individual client accounted for more than 2% of our revenues on a global basis in 2007, certain corporate services and property management client agreements require that we advance payroll and other vendor costs on behalf of clients. If such a client were to file bankruptcy or otherwise fail, we may not be able to obtain reimbursement for the severance obligations we would incur as a result of the loss of the client.
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Our goodwill and other intangible assets could become impaired, which may require us to take significant non-cash charges against earnings.
Under current accounting guidelines, we must assess, at least annually and potentially more frequently, whether the value of our goodwill and other intangible assets has been impaired. As of September 30, 2008, our recorded goodwill was approximately $2.3 billion; our other intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization, was $404.5 million; and our total stockholders' equity was approximately $1.1 billion. As of September 30, 2008 our book value per share was $5.15; if our stock price falls below and remains below net book value per share for a sustained period, or if other negative business factors further deteriorate, we may be required to perform a goodwill impairment analysis, which could result in a substantial impairment of our goodwill or other intangible assets. For example, based on our preliminary review, we believe that there may be impairment charges forthcoming, most likely in our Americas and Development Services segments, in the fourth quarter of 2008. See note 4 to the notes to our interim unaudited consolidated financial statements for the period ended September 30, 2008 included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Any impairment of goodwill or other intangible assets as a result of such an impairment analysis would result in a one-time non-cash charge against earnings, which charge could materially adversely affect our reported results of operations and our stock price in future periods.
Our success depends upon the retention of our senior management, as well as our ability to attract and retain qualified and experienced employees (including those acquired through acquisitions).
Our continued success is highly dependent upon the efforts of our executive officers and other key employees, including Brett White, our Chief Executive Officer and President. Mr. White and certain other key employees are not parties to employment agreements with us. In addition, on November 7, 2008, we announced that Kenneth J. Kay, our Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, had submitted his resignation, effective November 30, 2008, to pursue a new opportunity. We also are highly dependent upon the retention of our property sales and leasing professionals, who generate a significant majority of our revenues, as well as other revenue producing professionals. The departure of any of our key employees (including those acquired through acquisitions), or the loss of a significant number of key revenue producers, if we are unable to quickly hire and integrate qualified replacements, could cause our business, financial condition and results of operations to suffer. In addition, the growth of our business is largely dependent upon our ability to attract and retain qualified support personnel in all areas of our business, including brokerage and property management personnel. Competition for these personnel is intense and we may not be able to successfully recruit, integrate or retain sufficiently qualified personnel. We use equity incentives to retain and incentivize our key personnel. In 2008, our stock price has declined significantly, resulting in the decline in value of our previously provided equity incentives, which may result in an increased risk of loss of these key personnel. If we are unable to attract and retain these qualified personnel, our growth may be limited and our business and operating results could suffer.
Our stock price is subject to volatility.
Our stock price is affected by a number of factors, including macro-economic conditions; conditions specific to the commercial real estate services sector; quarterly variations in our results and those of our competitors; changes to the competitive landscape; estimates and projections by the investment community; the arrival or departure of key personnel; the introduction of new services by us or our competitors; and acquisitions, strategic alliances or joint ventures involving us or our competitors. In addition, the stock market, in general, has historically experienced significant price and volume fluctuations. Any of these factors may cause declines in the market price of our common stock.
In 2008, as economic conditions in the economy generally, and particularly within the commercial real estate industry, have worsened, our stock price has declined substantially. When the market price
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of a company's common stock drops significantly, a loss of confidence can ensue, making new client generation and existing client and key employee retention more challenging. In addition, stockholders sometimes institute securities class action lawsuits. If we are unable to retain key clients or employees, or if we are required to defend a securities class action lawsuit against us, we could incur substantial costs and the time and attention of our management could be diverted, causing a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and resulting financial condition. In addition, in the event we require additional liquidity and raise equity at a time when our stock price is at historic lows, the dilution to existing equity holders would be significant.
Our international operations subject us to social, political and economic risks of doing business in foreign countries.
We conduct a significant portion of our business and employ a substantial number of people outside of the United States and as a result, we are subject to risks associated with doing business globally. During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, we generated approximately 39.9% of our revenue from operations outside the United States. Circumstances and developments related to international operations that could negatively affect our business, financial condition or results of operations include, but are not limited to, the following factors:
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- difficulties and costs of staffing and managing international operations in certain regions;
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- currency restrictions, which may prevent the transfer of capital and profits to the United States;
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- unexpected changes in regulatory requirements;
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- potentially adverse tax consequences;
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- the responsibility of complying with multiple and potentially conflicting laws, e.g., with respect to corrupt practices, employment and licensing;
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- the impact of regional or country-specific business cycles and economic instability;
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- the geographic, language and cultural differences among personnel in different areas of the world;
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- greater difficulty in collecting accounts receivable in some geographic regions such as Asia, where many countries have underdeveloped insolvency laws and clients are often slow to pay, and in some European countries, where clients also tend to delay payments;
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- political instability; and
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- foreign ownership restrictions with respect to operations in countries such as China.
We have committed additional resources to expand our worldwide sales and marketing activities, to globalize our service offerings and products in selected markets and to develop local sales and support channels. If we are unable to successfully implement these plans, to maintain adequate long-term strategies that successfully manage the risks associated with our global business or to adequately manage operational fluctuations, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be harmed.
In addition, our international operations and, specifically, the ability of our non-U.S. subsidiaries to dividend or otherwise transfer cash among our subsidiaries, including transfers of cash to pay interest and principal on our debt, may be affected by currency exchange control regulations, transfer pricing regulations and potentially adverse tax consequences, among other things.
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Our revenue and earnings may be adversely affected by foreign currency fluctuations.
Our revenue from non-U.S. operations is denominated primarily in the local currency where the associated revenue was earned. During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, approximately 39.9% of our revenue was transacted in currencies of foreign countries, the majority of which included the Euro, the British pound sterling, the Canadian dollar, the Hong Kong dollar, the Japanese yen, the Singapore dollar, the Australian dollar and the Indian rupee. Thus, we may experience fluctuations in revenues and earnings because of corresponding fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.
We have made significant acquisitions of non-U.S. companies and we may acquire additional foreign companies in the future. As we increase our foreign operations, fluctuations in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to the other currencies in which we may generate earnings could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results. Due to the constantly changing currency exposures to which we are subject and the volatility of currency exchange rates, we cannot predict the effect of exchange rate fluctuations upon future operating results. In addition, fluctuations in currencies relative to the U.S. dollar may make it more difficult to perform period-to-period comparisons of our reported results of operations.
From time to time, our management uses currency hedging instruments, including foreign currency forward and option contracts and borrows in foreign currencies. Economic risks associated with these hedging instruments include unexpected fluctuations in inflation rates, which impact cash flow relative to paying down debt, and unexpected changes in the underlying net asset position.
Our growth has benefited significantly from acquisitions, which may not be available in the future.
A significant component of our growth has occurred through acquisitions, including our acquisition of Insignia in July 2003 and our acquisition of Trammell Crow Company in December 2006. Any future growth through acquisitions will be partially dependent upon the continued availability of suitable acquisition candidates at favorable prices and upon advantageous terms and conditions, which may not be available to us, as well as sufficient liquidity and credit to fund these acquisitions. In addition, acquisitions involve risks that the businesses acquired will not perform in accordance with expectations and that business judgments concerning the value, strengths and weaknesses of businesses acquired will prove incorrect. Future acquisitions and any necessary related financings also may involve significant transaction-related expenses. For example, through September 30, 2008, we incurred $200.9 million of transaction-related expenditures in connection with our acquisition of Insignia in 2003 and $196.6 million of transaction-related expenditures in connection with our acquisition of Trammell Crow Company in 2006. Transaction-related expenditures include severance costs, lease termination costs, transaction costs, deferred financing costs and merger-related costs, among others. We incurred our final transaction expenditures with respect to the Insignia acquisition in the third quarter of 2004 and the Trammell Crow Company acquisition in the fourth quarter of 2007.
If we acquire companies in the future, we may experience integration costs and the acquired businesses may not perform as we expect.
We have had, and may continue to experience, difficulties in integrating operations and accounting systems acquired from other companies. These challenges include the diversion of management's attention from other business concerns and the potential loss of our key employees or those of the acquired operations. We believe that most acquisitions will initially have an adverse impact on operating and net income. Acquisitions also frequently involve significant costs related to integrating information technology, accounting and management services and rationalizing personnel levels. In connection with the Insignia acquisition, we have incurred $41.9 million of expenses through September 30, 2008, which are related to the integration of Insignia's business lines, as well as accounting and other systems, into our own. Additionally, through September 30, 2008, we have
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incurred $49.9 million of integration expenses associated with the acquisition of Trammell Crow Company.
If we are unable to fully integrate the accounting and other systems of the businesses we acquire, we may not be able to effectively manage them. Moreover, the integration process itself may be disruptive to our business as it requires coordination of geographically diverse organizations and implementation of new accounting and information technology systems.
If the properties that we manage fail to perform, then our financial condition and results of operations could be harmed.
The revenue we generate from our asset services and facilities management lines of business is generally a percentage of aggregate rent collections from properties, although many management agreements provide for a specified minimum management fee. Accordingly, our success partially depends upon the performance of the properties we manage. The performance of these properties will depend upon the following factors, among others, many of which are partially or completely outside of our control:
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- our ability to attract and retain creditworthy tenants;
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- the magnitude of defaults by tenants under their respective leases;
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- our ability to control operating expenses;
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- governmental regulations, local rent control or stabilization ordinances which are in, or may be put into, effect;
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- various uninsurable risks;
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- financial conditions prevailing generally and in the areas in which these properties are located;
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- the nature and extent of competitive properties; and
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- the real estate market generally.
Our real estate investment and co-investment activities subject us to real estate investment risks which could cause fluctuations in earnings and cash flow.
An important part of the strategy for our Global Investment Management business involves investing our capital in certain real estate investments with our clients. As of September 30, 2008, we had committed $72.4 million to fund future co-investments. We expect that approximately $19.8 million of these commitments will be funded during the fourth quarter of 2008. In addition to required future capital contributions, some of the co-investment entities may request additional capital from us and our subsidiaries holding investments in those assets, and the failure to provide these contributions could have adverse consequences to our interests in these investments. These adverse consequences could include damage to our reputation with our co-investment partners and clients, as well as the necessity of obtaining alternative funding from other sources that may be on disadvantageous terms for us and the other co-investors. Providing co-investment financing is a very important part of our Global Investment Management business, which would suffer if we were unable to make these investments. Although our debt instruments contain restrictions that limit our ability to provide capital to the entities holding direct or indirect interests in co-investments, we may provide this capital in many instances.
Selective investment in real estate projects is an important part of our Development Services business strategy and there is an inherent risk of loss of our investment. As of September 30, 2008, we had approximately 80 consolidated real estate projects with invested equity of $64.7 million and $4.5 million of notes payable on real estate that are recourse to us (in addition to being recourse to the
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single-purpose entity that holds the real estate asset and is the primary obligor on the note payable). In addition, at September 30, 2008, we were involved as a principal (in most cases, co-investing with our clients) in approximately 50 unconsolidated real estate subsidiaries in which we had invested $73.1 million and had committed additional capital to these unconsolidated subsidiaries of $13.9 million. We also guaranteed notes payable of these unconsolidated subsidiaries of $6.1 million.
Because the disposition of a single significant investment can impact our financial performance in any period, our real estate investment activities could increase fluctuations in our net earnings and cash flow. In many cases, we have limited control over the timing of the disposition of these investments and the recognition of any related gain or loss. The current economic environment has further reduced opportunities for disposition of these investments. Risks associated with these activities include, but are not limited to, the following:
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- losses from investments;
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- difficulties associated with international co-investments described in "—Our international operations subject us to social, political and economic risks of doing business in foreign countries" and "—Our revenue and earnings may be adversely affected by foreign currency fluctuations;" and
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- potential lack of control over the disposition of any co-investments and the timing of the recognition of gains, losses or potential incentive participation fees.
Our joint venture activities involve unique risks that are often outside of our control which, if realized, could harm our business.
We have utilized joint ventures for commercial investments and local brokerage and other affiliations both in the United States and internationally, and although we currently have no specific plans to do so, we may acquire minority interests in other joint ventures in the future. In many of these joint ventures, we may not have the right or power to direct the management and policies of the joint ventures and other participants may take action contrary to our instructions or requests and against our policies and objectives. In addition, the other participants may become bankrupt or have economic or other business interests or goals that are inconsistent with ours. If a joint venture participant acts contrary to our interest, it could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We have numerous significant competitors and potential future competitors, some of which may have greater financial and operational resources than we do.
We compete across a variety of business disciplines within the commercial real estate services industry, including investment management, tenant representation, corporate services, construction and development management, property management, agency leasing, valuation and commercial mortgage brokerage. With respect to each of our business disciplines, we cannot give assurance that we will be able to continue to compete effectively or maintain our current fee arrangements or margin levels or that we will not encounter increased competition. Each of the business disciplines in which we compete is highly competitive on an international, national, regional and local level. Although we are the largest commercial real estate services firm in the world in terms of 2007 revenue, our relative competitive position varies significantly across product and service categories and geographic areas. Depending on the product or service, we face competition from other real estate service providers, in-house corporate real estate departments, developers, institutional lenders, insurance companies, investment banking firms, investment managers, and accounting and consulting firms, some of which may have greater financial resources than we do. In addition, future changes in laws could lead to the entry of other competitors, such as financial institutions. Many of our competitors are local or regional firms. Although substantially smaller than us, some of these competitors are larger on a local or regional basis. We are also subject to competition from other large national and multi-national firms that have
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similar service competencies to ours. There has been a significant increase in recent years in real estate ownership by REITs, many of which self-manage most of their real estate assets. Continuation of this trend could shrink the asset base available to be managed by third-party service providers and thereby decrease the demand for our services. In general, there can be no assurance that we will be able to compete effectively, to maintain current fee levels or margins, or maintain or increase our market share.
A significant portion of our operations are concentrated in California and our business could be harmed due to the ongoing economic downturn in the California real estate markets.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, approximately 10% of our revenue was generated from transactions originating in California. As a result of the geographic concentration in California, the current economic downturn in the California commercial real estate market and in the local economies in San Diego, Los Angeles and Orange County could harm our results of operations. Negative conditions in these or other significant commercial real estate submarkets could disproportionately affect our business as compared to competitors who have less or different geographic concentrations.
Our results of operations vary significantly among quarters during each calendar year, which makes comparisons of our quarterly results difficult.
A significant portion of our revenue is seasonal. Historically, this seasonality has caused our revenue, operating income, net income and cash flow from operating activities to be lower in the first two quarters and higher in the third and fourth quarters of each year, although we cannot assure you that this trend will continue for the fourth quarter of 2008 due to the recent economic downturn. The concentration of earnings and cash flow in the fourth quarter is due to an industry-wide focus on completing transactions toward the fiscal year-end. This has historically resulted in lower profits or a loss in the first and second quarters, with profits growing (or losses decreasing) in each subsequent quarter. This variance among quarters during each calendar year makes comparison between such quarters difficult, but does not generally affect the comparison of the same quarters during different calendar years.
We license the use of the Trammell Crow trade name and this license is not exclusive and may be revoked.
We have a license agreement with an affiliate of Crow Holdings that allows us to use the name "Trammell Crow" perpetually throughout the world in any business except the residential real estate business, although we can use this name in serving certain mixed-use properties or in providing investment sales brokerage services to buyers and sellers of multi-family residential facilities. This license can be revoked if we fail to maintain certain quality standards or infringe upon certain of the licensor's intellectual property rights. If we lose the right to use the Trammell Crow name, our Development Services business could suffer significantly.
The license agreement permits certain existing uses of the name "Trammell Crow" by affiliates of Crow Holdings. The use of the Trammell Crow name or other similar names by third parties may create confusion or reduce the value associated with the Trammell Crow name.
If we fail to comply with laws and regulations applicable to us in our role as a real estate broker, mortgage broker, property/facility manager or developer, we may incur significant financial penalties.
We are subject to numerous federal, state, local and non-U.S. laws and regulations specific to the services we perform in our business, as well as laws of broader applicability, such as tax, securities and employment laws. Brokerage of real estate sales and leasing transactions and the provision of property
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management and valuation services require us to maintain applicable licenses in each U.S. state in which we perform these services. If we fail to maintain our licenses or conduct these activities without a license, or violate any of the regulations covering our licenses, we may be required to pay fines (including treble damages in certain states) or return commissions received or have our licenses suspended or revoked. In addition, our indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, CBRE Investors, is subject to laws and regulations as a registered investment advisor and compliance failures or regulatory action could adversely affect our business. As the size and scope of commercial real estate transactions have increased significantly during the past several years, both the difficulty of ensuring compliance with numerous state licensing regimes and the possible loss resulting from non-compliance have increased. Furthermore, the laws and regulations applicable to our business, both within and outside of the United States, also may change in ways that increase the costs of compliance.
We may have liabilities in connection with real estate brokerage and property management activities.
As a licensed real estate broker, we and our licensed employees are subject to regulatory due diligence, disclosure and standard-of-care obligations. Failure to fulfill these obligations could subject us or our employees to litigation from parties who purchased, sold or leased properties that we or they brokered or managed. We could become subject to claims by participants in real estate sales, as well as building owners and companies for whom we provide management services, claiming that we did not fulfill our regulatory and fiduciary obligations.
In addition, in our property management business, we hire and supervise third-party contractors to provide construction and engineering services for our managed properties. While our role is limited to that of an agent for the owner, we may be subject to claims for construction defects or other similar actions. Adverse outcomes of real estate brokerage or property management litigation could negatively impact our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We may be subject to environmental liability as a result of our role as a property or facility manager or developer of real estate.
Various laws and regulations impose liability on real property owners or operators for the cost of investigating, cleaning up or removing contamination caused by hazardous or toxic substances at a property. In our role as a property or facility manager or developer, we could be held liable as an operator for such costs. This liability may be imposed without regard to the legality of the original actions and without regard to whether we knew of, or were responsible for, the presence of the hazardous or toxic substances. Liability under some of these laws may be joint and several, meaning that one liable party could be held responsible for all costs related to a contaminated site despite the existence of other liable parties. If we fail to disclose environmental issues, we could also be liable to a buyer or lessee of a property. In addition, some environmental laws create a lien on the contaminated site in favor of the government for damages and costs incurred in connection with the contamination. If we incur any such liability, our business could suffer significantly. Additionally, liabilities incurred to comply with more stringent future environmental requirements could adversely affect any or all of our lines of business.
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Exhibit Number | Description | ||
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3.1 | Form of Restated Certificate of Incorporation of CB Richard Ellis Group, Inc. filed on June 15, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 of the CB Richard Ellis Group Inc. Amendment No. 4 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC (No. 333-112867) on June 7, 2004) | ||
3.2 | Form of Restated By-laws of CB Richard Ellis Group, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.5 of the CB Richard Ellis Group, Inc. Amendment No. 4 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC (No. 333-112867) on June 7, 2004) | ||
4.2(a) | Securityholders' Agreement, dated as of July 20, 2001 ("Securityholders' Agreement"), by and among, CB Richard Ellis Group, Inc., CB Richard Ellis Services, Inc., Blum Strategic Partners, L.P., Blum Strategic Partners II, L.P., Blum Strategic Partners II GmbH & Co. KG, FS Equity Partners III, L.P., FS Equity Partners International, L.P., Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation, DLJ Investment Funding, Inc., The Koll Holding Company, Frederic V. Malek, the management investors named therein and the other persons from time to time party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 25 to Amendment No. 9 to Schedule 13D with respect to CB Richard Ellis Services, Inc. filed with the SEC on July 25, 2001) | ||
4.2(b) | Amendment and Waiver to Securityholders' Agreement, dated as of April 14, 2004, by and among, CB Richard Ellis Group, Inc., CB Richard Ellis Services, Inc. and the other parties to the Securityholders' Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2(b) of the CB Richard Ellis Group, Inc. Amendment No. 2 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC (No. 333-112867) on April 30, 2004) | ||
4.2(c) | Second Amendment and Waiver to Securityholders' Agreement, dated as of November 24, 2004, by and among CB Richard Ellis Group, Inc., CB Richard Ellis Services, Inc. and certain of the other parties to the Securityholders' Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2(c) of the CB Richard Ellis Group, Inc. Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC (No. 333-120445) on November 24, 2004) | ||
4.2(d) | Third Amendment and Waiver to Securityholders' Agreement, dated as of August 1, 2005, by and among CB Richard Ellis Group, Inc., CB Richard Ellis Services, Inc. and the other parties thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the CB Richard Ellis Group, Inc. Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 2, 2005) | ||
11 | Statement concerning Computation of Per Share Earnings (filed as Note 12 of the Consolidated Financial Statements) | ||
31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to §302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002* | ||
31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to §302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002* | ||
32 | Certifications by Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002* |
- *
- Filed herewith
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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
CB RICHARD ELLIS GROUP, INC. | ||
Date: November 10, 2008 | /s/ KENNETH J. KAY Kenneth J. Kay Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer) | |
Date: November 10, 2008 | /s/ GIL BOROK Gil Borok Chief Accounting Officer (principal accounting officer) |
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