Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition Effective December 31, 2017, the Company adopted ASC 606, using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts that were not completed as of December 31, 2017. Results for the reporting periods after December 31, 2017 are presented under ASC 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with the Company’s historical accounting under Topic 605. The Company recognizes revenue when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to its customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The Company determines revenue recognition by applying the following five-step approach: • identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer; • identification of the performance obligations in the contract; • determination of the transaction price; • allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and • recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation. Many of the Company's product sales are sold in combination with installation and deployment services along with initial hardware and software support. The Company's product sales are also sold with spares management, on-site hardware replacement services, network management operations, software subscription, extended hardware warranty or training. Initial software and hardware support services are generally delivered over a one-year period in connection with the initial purchase. Software warranty provides customers with maintenance releases during the warranty support period and hardware warranty provides replacement or repair of equipment that fails to perform in line with specifications. Software subscription service includes software warranty and additionally provides customers with rights to receive unspecified software product upgrades released during the support period. Spares management and on-site hardware replacement services include the replacement of defective units at customer sites in accordance with specified service level agreements. Network operations management includes the day-to-day operation of a customer's network. These services are generally delivered on an annual basis. The Company evaluates each promised good and service in a contract to determine whether it represents a distinct performance obligation or should be accounted for as a combined performance obligation. Services revenue includes software subscription services, installation and deployment services, spares management, on-site hardware replacement services, network operations management, extended hardware warranty services and training. Revenue from software subscription, spares management, on-site hardware replacement services, network operations management and extended hardware warranty contracts is deferred and is recognized ratably over the contractual support period, which is generally one year, as services are provided over the course of the entire period. Revenue related to training and installation and deployment services is recognized upon completion of the services. Contracts and customer purchase orders are generally used to determine the existence of an arrangement. In addition, shipping documents and customer acceptances, when applicable, are used to verify delivery and transfer of title. The Company typically satisfies its performance obligations upon shipment or delivery of product depending on the contractual terms. Payment terms to customers generally range from net 30 to 120 days from invoice, which are considered to be standard payment terms. The Company assesses its ability to collect from its customers based primarily on the creditworthiness and past payment history of the customer. Customer product returns are approved on a case by case basis. Specific reserve provisions are made based upon a specific review of all the approved product returns where the customer has yet to return the products to generate the related sales return credit at the end of a period. Estimated sales returns are recorded as a reduction to revenue. For sales to resellers, the same revenue recognition criteria apply. It is the Company’s practice to identify an end-user prior to shipment to a reseller. The Company does not offer rights of return or price protection to its resellers. The Company reports revenue net of any required taxes collected from customers and remitted to government authorities, with the collected taxes recorded as current liabilities until remitted to the relevant government authority. ASC 606 Adoption The Company recorded a net reduction to the opening balance of its accumulated deficit of $15.4 million as of December 31, 2017 due to the cumulative impact of adopting ASC 606, with the impact primarily related to its services revenue. The impact to revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2018 was a decrease of $3.2 million as a result of applying ASC 606. The details of the significant changes and quantitative impact of the Company’s adoption of ASC 606 are set out below. Customer Purchase Commitments The Company makes available software licenses that are non-essential to the functionality of the hardware by providing customers the ability to purchase incremental bandwidth capacity. Line modules generally include a specific initial capacity and incremental capacity can be added by the purchase of Infinera Instant Bandwidth (“IB”) licenses. IB licenses are considered distinct performance obligations because customers can provision additional transmission capacity on demand without the deployment of any incremental equipment. Some contracts commit the customer to purchase incremental IB licenses within a specified time frame from the initial line module shipment. The time frame varies by customer and ranges between 12 to 24 months. If the customer does not purchase the additional capacity within the time frame as stated in the contract, the Company has the right to deliver and invoice such IB licenses to the customer. Under ASC 605, the additional incremental licenses were not included as an element of the initial arrangement because fees for the future purchase were not fixed. Under ASC 606, future committed licenses are considered to be additional performance obligations when a minimum purchase obligation is present, as evidenced by enforceable rights and obligations. As such, the Company is required to estimate the variable consideration for future IB licenses as part of determining the contract transaction price. Contract Termination Rights The contract term is determined on the basis of the period over which the parties to the contract have present enforceable rights and obligations. Certain customer contracts include a termination for convenience clause that allows the customer to terminate services without penalty, upon advance notification. The Company concluded that the duration of support contracts do not extend beyond the non-cancellable portion of the contract. Variable Consideration The consideration associated with customer contracts is generally fixed. Variable consideration includes discounts, rebates, refunds, credits, incentives, penalties, or other similar items. The amount of consideration that can vary is not a substantial portion of total consideration . Variable consideration estimates will be re-assessed at each reporting period until a final outcome is determined. The changes to the original transaction price due to a change in estimated variable consideration will be applied on a retrospective basis, with the adjustment recorded in the period in which the change occurs. Changes to variable consideration will be tracked and material changes disclosed. Stand-alone Selling Price Stand-alone selling price is the price at which an entity would sell a good or service on a stand-alone (or separate) basis at contract inception. Under the model, the observable price of a good or service sold separately provides the best evidence of stand-alone selling price. However, in certain situations, stand-alone selling prices will not be readily observable and the entity must estimate the stand-alone selling price. When allocating on a relative stand-alone selling price basis, any discount provided in the contract is generally allocated proportionately to all of the performance obligations in the contract. The majority of products and services offered by the Company have readily observable selling prices. For products and services that do not, the Company generally estimates stand-alone selling price using the market assessment approach based on expected selling price and adjusts those prices as necessary to reflect the Company’s costs and margins. As part of its stand-alone selling price policy, the Company reviews product pricing on a periodic basis to identify any significant changes and revise its expected selling price assumptions as appropriate. Shipping and Handling The Company treats shipping and handling activities as costs to fulfill the Company's promise to transfer products. Shipping and handling fees billed to customers are recorded as a reduction to cost of product. Capitalization of Costs to Obtain a Contract The Company has assessed the treatment of costs to obtain or fulfill a contract with a customer. Sales commissions have historically been expensed as incurred. Under ASC 606, the Company capitalizes sales commissions related to multi-year service contracts and amortizes the asset over the period of benefit, which is the service period. Sales commissions paid on contract renewals, including service contract renewals, is commensurate with the sales commissions paid on the initial contracts. The Company elected ASC 606's practical expedient to expense sales commissions as incurred when the amortization period of the related contract term is one year or less. These costs are recorded as sales and marketing expense and included on the balance sheet as accrued compensation and related benefits until paid. As of March 31, 2018, the ending balance of the Company’s capitalized costs to obtain a contract was $0.5 million . The Company's amortization expense was not material for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Disaggregation of Revenue The following table presents the Company's revenue disaggregated by revenue source (in thousands): Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 April 1, 2017 (1) Product $ 171,629 $ 147,053 Services 31,052 28,469 Total revenue $ 202,681 $ 175,522 The following tables present the Company's revenue disaggregated by geography, based on the shipping address of the customer, and by customer channel (in thousands): Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 April 1, 2017 (1) United States $ 129,025 $ 99,780 Other Americas 5,215 6,035 Europe, Middle East and Africa 59,199 57,413 Asia Pacific 9,242 12,294 Total revenue $ 202,681 $ 175,522 Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 April 1, 2017 (1) Direct $ 188,462 $ 165,946 Indirect 14,219 9,576 Total revenue $ 202,681 $ 175,522 (1) Prior period amounts have not been adjusted under the modified retrospective method. Contract Balances The following table provides information about receivables, contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers (in thousands): March 31, 2018 At Adoption Accounts receivable, net $ 161,541 $ 135,245 Contract assets $ 2,670 $ 2,825 Deferred revenue $ 71,641 $ 75,458 Revenue recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2018 that was included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the reporting period was $14.5 million . Changes in the contract asset and liability balances during the three months ended March 31, 2018 were not materially impacted by other factors. Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligation The Company’s remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price allocated to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially satisfied, consisting of deferred revenue and backlog. The Company’s backlog represents purchase orders received from customers for future product shipments and services. The Company’s backlog is subject to future events that could cause the amount or timing of the related revenue to change, and, in certain cases, may be canceled without penalty. Orders in backlog may be fulfilled several quarters following receipt or may relate to multi-year support service obligations. The following table includes estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially satisfied) at the end of the reporting period (in thousands): Remainder of 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Thereafter Total Revenue expected to be recognized in the future as of March 31, 2018 $ 167,860 $ 16,382 $ 13,040 $ 2,716 $ 1,972 $ 1,876 $ 203,846 Impacts on Financial Statements The following tables summarize the impacts of adopting ASC 606 on the Company's condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017 (in thousands): Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 As Reported Adjustments Balances Without Adoption of ASC 606 Income Statement Revenue Product $ 171,629 $ 1,944 $ 173,573 Services 31,052 1,282 32,334 $ 202,681 $ 3,226 $ 205,907 Costs and expenses Cost of revenue $ 120,513 $ 528 $ 121,041 Net loss $ (26,280 ) $ 2,698 $ (23,582 ) Balance at December 30, 2017 Adjustments due to ASC 606 As Adjusted Balance at December 31, 2017 Balance Sheet Assets Accounts receivable, net $ 126,152 $ 9,093 $ 135,245 Inventory $ 214,704 $ (239 ) $ 214,465 Prepaid expenses and other assets $ 43,339 $ 2,731 $ 46,070 Liabilities Accrued expenses $ 39,782 $ 15,645 $ 55,427 Deferred revenue $ 94,923 $ (19,465 ) $ 75,458 Equity Accumulated deficit $ (758,081 ) $ 15,406 $ (742,675 ) |