Loans | Loans Loans consist of the following at (in thousands): December 31, 2016 2015 Commercial $ 4,346,506 $ 3,616,286 Commercial collateralized by assignment of lease payments 2,002,976 1,779,072 Commercial real estate 3,788,016 2,695,676 Residential real estate 1,060,828 628,169 Construction real estate 518,562 252,060 Indirect vehicle 541,680 384,095 Home equity 266,377 216,573 Other consumer 80,781 80,661 Gross loans, excluding purchased credit-impaired loans 12,605,726 9,652,592 Purchased credit-impaired loans 163,077 141,406 Total loans $ 12,768,803 $ 9,793,998 Loans are made to individuals as well as commercial and tax exempt entities. Specific loan terms vary as to interest rate, repayment, and collateral requirements based on the type of loan requested and the credit worthiness of the prospective borrower. Except for commercial loans collateralized by assignment of lease payments, asset-based loans, residential real estate loans and indirect vehicle loans, credit risk tends to be geographically concentrated in that a majority of the loan customers are located in the markets serviced by MB Financial Bank. The Company's extension of credit is governed by its Credit Risk Policy, which was established to control the quality of the Company's loans. This policy is reviewed and approved by the Enterprise Risk Committee of the Company's Board of Directors on an annual basis. Commercial Loans. Commercial credit is extended primarily to emerging middle market and middle market customers. Such credits are typically comprised of working capital loans, loans for physical asset expansion, asset acquisition loans and other business loans. Loans to closely held businesses will generally be guaranteed in full or for a significant amount by the businesses' principal owners. Commercial loans are made based primarily on the historical and projected cash flow of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. The cash flows of borrowers, however, may not behave as forecasted and collateral securing loans may fluctuate in value due to economic or individual performance factors. Minimum standards and underwriting guidelines have been established for all commercial loan types. Asset-based loans, also included in commercial loans, are made to businesses with the primary source of repayment derived from payments on the related assets securing the loan. Collateral for these loans may include accounts receivable, inventory and equipment, and is monitored regularly to ensure ongoing sufficiency of collateral coverage and quality. The primary risk for these loans is a significant decline in collateral values due to general market conditions. Loan terms that mitigate these risks include typical industry amortization schedules, percentage of collateral advances, maintenance of cash collateral accounts and regular asset monitoring. Because of the national scope of our asset-based lending, the risk of these loans is also diversified by geography. Commercial Loans Collateralized by Assignment of Lease Payments ("Lease Loans"). The Company makes lease loans to lessors where the underlying leases are with both investment grade and non-investment grade companies. Investment grade lessees are companies rated in one of the four highest categories by Moody's Investor Services or Standard & Poor's Rating Services or, in the event the related lessee has not received any such rating, where the related lessee would be viewed under the underwriting policies of the Company as an investment grade company. Whether or not companies fall into this category, each lease loan is considered on its individual merit based on the financial wherewithal of the lessee using financial information available at the time of underwriting. Commercial Real Estate Loans. Commercial real estate loans are subject to underwriting standards and processes similar to commercial loans. These loans are viewed primarily as cash flow loans and the repayment of these loans is largely dependent on the successful operation of the property. Loan performance may be adversely affected by factors impacting the general economy or conditions specific to the real estate market such as geographic location and/or property type. Construction Real Estate Loans. The Company defines construction loans as loans where the loan proceeds are controlled by the Company and used exclusively for the improvement of real estate in which the Company holds a mortgage. Due to the inherent risk in this type of loan, these loans are subject to other industry specific policy guidelines outlined in the Company's Credit Risk Policy. Consumer Related Loans. The Company originates direct and indirect consumer loans, including primarily residential real estate, home equity lines and loans, credit cards, and indirect vehicle loans (motorcycle, marine, recreational and powersports vehicles). Each loan type is underwritten based upon several factors including debt to income, type of collateral and loan to collateral value, credit history and the Company's relationship with the borrower. Indirect loan and credit card underwriting involves the use of risk-based pricing in the underwriting process. Purchased credit-impaired loans. Purchased credit-impaired loans are accounted for under ASC Topic 310-30, which include purchased credit-impaired loans acquired through business combinations, FDIC-assisted transactions and re-purchase transactions with the Government National Mortgage Association ("GNMA"). The loans re-purchased from GNMA were originally sold by the Company with servicing retained and subsequently became delinquent. These loans are also insured by the Federal Housing Administration (commonly referred to as "FHA") or the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (commonly referred to as "VA") where the Company would be able to recover the principal balance of these loans. All re-purchases from GNMA are at the Company's discretion. Loans outstanding to executive officers and directors of the Company and MB Financial Bank, including companies in which they have management control or controlling beneficial ownership, at December 31, 2016 and 2015 , were approximately $72.2 million and $75.0 million , respectively. Total advances on loans outstanding to executive officers and directors, including companies in which they have management control or controlling beneficial ownership, were $30.1 million , and total repayments were $32.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2016 . In the opinion of management, these loans have similar terms to other customer loans and do not present more than normal risk of collection. A collateral pledge agreement exists whereby at all times, the Company must keep on hand, free of all other pledges, liens, and encumbrances, first mortgage loans and home equity loans with unpaid principal balances aggregating no less than 133% for first mortgage loans and 250% for home equity loans of the outstanding advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015 , the Company had $5.5 billion and $3.2 billion , respectively, of loans pledged as collateral for Federal Home Loan Bank advances and third party letters of credit, while only $3.2 billion and $2.2 billion were required to be pledged at December 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively. The following table presents the contractual aging of the recorded investment in past due loans by class of loans as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands): Current 30-59 Days 60-89 Days Loans Past Due Total Total December 31, 2016 Commercial $ 4,337,348 $ 2,515 $ 156 $ 6,487 $ 9,158 $ 4,346,506 Commercial collateralized by assignment of lease payments 1,989,934 9,229 1,869 1,944 13,042 2,002,976 Commercial real estate: Healthcare 582,450 — — — — 582,450 Industrial 825,715 3,045 3,293 1,340 7,678 833,393 Multifamily 547,107 458 53 379 890 547,997 Retail 506,789 568 — — 568 507,357 Office 405,992 350 475 6,381 7,206 413,198 Other 899,950 2,385 1,155 131 3,671 903,621 Residential real estate 1,041,189 8,248 3,409 7,982 19,639 1,060,828 Construction real estate 518,171 — 391 — 391 518,562 Indirect vehicle 537,221 2,836 1,062 561 4,459 541,680 Home equity 261,765 1,219 815 2,578 4,612 266,377 Other consumer 80,443 152 120 66 338 80,781 Gross loans, excluding purchased credit-impaired loans 12,534,074 31,005 12,798 27,849 71,652 12,605,726 Purchased credit-impaired loans 86,169 6,546 6,600 63,762 76,908 163,077 Total loans $ 12,620,243 $ 37,551 $ 19,398 $ 91,611 $ 148,560 $ 12,768,803 Non-performing loan aging $ 28,364 $ 2,308 $ 978 $ 27,702 $ 30,988 $ 59,352 December 31, 2015 Commercial $ 3,586,372 $ 22,956 $ 97 $ 6,861 $ 29,914 $ 3,616,286 Commercial collateralized by assignment of lease payments 1,758,839 3,399 5,902 10,932 20,233 1,779,072 Commercial real estate: Healthcare 476,939 — — — — 476,939 Industrial 400,182 — — 757 757 400,939 Multifamily 399,333 622 88 934 1,644 400,977 Retail 410,958 6,189 7,411 180 13,780 424,738 Office 223,935 58 — 5,189 5,247 229,182 Other 760,530 622 82 1,667 2,371 762,901 Residential real estate 612,573 5,193 1,729 8,674 15,596 628,169 Construction real estate 252,060 — — — — 252,060 Indirect vehicle 380,899 2,085 698 413 3,196 384,095 Home equity 207,818 1,774 1,398 5,583 8,755 216,573 Other consumer 80,225 254 84 98 436 80,661 Gross loans, excluding purchased credit-impaired loans 9,550,663 43,152 17,489 41,288 101,929 9,652,592 Purchased credit-impaired loans 81,250 3,311 4,439 52,406 60,156 141,406 Total loans $ 9,631,913 $ 46,463 $ 21,928 $ 93,694 $ 162,085 $ 9,793,998 Non-performing loan aging $ 44,290 $ 9,827 $ 9,367 $ 41,177 $ 60,371 $ 104,661 The following table presents the recorded investment in non-accrual loans and loans past due ninety days or more and still accruing by class of loans, excluding purchased credit-impaired loans, as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands): 2016 2015 Loans past due Loans past due Non-accrual 90 days or more and still accruing Non-accrual 90 days or more and still accruing Commercial $ 11,222 $ 1,406 $ 24,689 $ 42 Commercial collateralized by assignment of lease payments 1,364 1,197 7,027 5,318 Commercial real estate: Healthcare — — — — Industrial 276 1,064 1,136 — Multifamily 2,662 — 3,415 — Office 896 6,381 4,496 693 Retail 384 — 17,594 — Other 83 21 1,544 195 Residential real estate 16,538 235 17,951 253 Construction real estate — — — — Indirect vehicle 2,355 10 2,046 — Home equity 13,187 — 18,156 — Other consumer 7 64 11 95 Total $ 48,974 $ 10,378 $ 98,065 $ 6,596 The reduction in interest income associated with loans on non-accrual status was approximately $3.0 million , $3.7 million , and $4.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 , and 2014 , respectively. The Company utilizes an internal asset classification system as a means of reporting problem and potential problem loans. Under the Company's risk rating system, the Company classifies potential problem and problem loans as “Special Mention,” “Substandard,” and “Doubtful.” Substandard loans include those characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Loans classified as Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. Loans that do not currently expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the aforementioned categories but possess weaknesses that deserve management's close attention are deemed to be Special Mention. Loans rated but not adversely classified are deemed to be Pass. Risk ratings are updated any time the situation warrants and at least annually. Loans not rated are included in groups of homogeneous loans with similar risk and loss characteristics and are not included in the table below. The following tables present the risk category of loans by class of loans based on the most recent analysis performed, excluding purchased credit-impaired loans, as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands): Pass Special Substandard Doubtful Total December 31, 2016 Commercial $ 4,127,397 $ 113,838 $ 105,271 $ — $ 4,346,506 Commercial collateralized by assignment of lease payments 1,981,689 16,010 5,277 — 2,002,976 Commercial real estate: Healthcare 545,663 32,251 4,536 — 582,450 Industrial 814,668 17,962 763 — 833,393 Multifamily 544,071 312 3,614 — 547,997 Retail 498,458 8,350 549 — 507,357 Office 404,811 5,299 3,088 — 413,198 Other 820,229 44,629 38,763 — 903,621 Construction real estate 518,562 — — — 518,562 Total $ 10,255,548 $ 238,651 $ 161,861 $ — $ 10,656,060 December 31, 2015 Commercial $ 3,373,943 $ 115,548 $ 126,795 $ — $ 3,616,286 Commercial collateralized by assignment of lease payments 1,760,674 4,367 14,031 — 1,779,072 Commercial real estate: Healthcare 472,599 4,340 — — 476,939 Industrial 380,200 19,011 1,728 — 400,939 Multifamily 396,117 595 4,265 — 400,977 Retail 393,543 13,310 17,885 — 424,738 Office 216,584 3,797 8,801 — 229,182 Other 730,713 6,193 25,995 — 762,901 Construction real estate 252,060 — — — 252,060 Total $ 7,976,433 $ 167,161 $ 199,500 $ — $ 8,343,094 Approximately $17.3 million and $59.6 million of the substandard and doubtful loans were non-performing as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively. For residential real estate, home equity, indirect vehicle and other consumer loan classes, the Company also evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan, which was previously presented, and by payment activity. The following table presents the recorded investment in those loan classes based on payment activity, excluding purchased credit-impaired loans, as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands): Performing Non-performing Total December 31, 2016 Residential real estate $ 1,044,055 $ 16,773 $ 1,060,828 Indirect vehicle 539,315 2,365 541,680 Home equity 253,190 13,187 266,377 Other consumer 80,710 71 80,781 Total $ 1,917,270 $ 32,396 $ 1,949,666 December 31, 2015 Residential real estate $ 609,965 $ 18,204 $ 628,169 Indirect vehicle 382,049 2,046 384,095 Home equity 198,417 18,156 216,573 Other consumer 80,555 106 80,661 Total $ 1,270,986 $ 38,512 $ 1,309,498 The recorded investment in residential mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties (including purchased credit-impaired loans) for which foreclosure proceedings are in process totaled $29.1 million and $20.8 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively. The following tables present loans individually evaluated for impairment by class of loans, excluding purchased credit-impaired loans, as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands): December 31, 2016 Unpaid Recorded Partial Allowance for Average Interest With no related allowance recorded: Commercial $ 9,056 $ 9,056 $ — $ — $ 5,944 $ — Commercial collateralized by assignment of lease payments 1,129 747 382 — 1,045 34 Commercial real estate: Healthcare — — — — — — Industrial — — — — 402 — Multifamily 1,922 1,922 — — 2,348 — Retail 2,670 929 1,741 — 2,165 — Office — — — — 256 — Other — — — — 60 — Residential real estate — — — — — — Construction real estate — — — — — — Indirect vehicle 223 122 101 — 252 — Home equity — — — — 143 — Other consumer — — — — — — With an allowance recorded: Commercial 14,403 14,403 — 2,889 22,737 — Commercial collateralized by assignment of lease payments — — — — 2,397 18 Commercial real estate: Healthcare — — — — — — Industrial — — — — — — Multifamily — — — — — — Retail 3,592 3,592 — 354 6,827 — Office — — — — 745 — Other — — — — 235 — Residential real estate 16,257 14,353 1,904 2,163 13,412 — Construction real estate — — — — — — Indirect vehicle — — — — — — Home equity 31,104 28,790 2,314 2,930 28,677 — Other consumer — — — — — — Total $ 80,356 $ 73,914 $ 6,442 $ 8,336 $ 87,645 $ 52 December 31, 2015 Unpaid Recorded Partial Allowance for Average Interest With no related allowance recorded: Commercial $ 11,253 $ 11,253 $ — $ — $ 6,628 $ — Commercial collateralized by assignment of lease payments 3,453 2,949 504 — 1,035 54 Commercial real estate: Healthcare — — — — — — Industrial 820 757 63 — 3,467 — Multifamily 575 575 — — 1,540 17 Retail 7,872 6,131 1,741 — 2,768 — Office 1,608 1,031 577 — 1,663 — Other — — — — 965 — Residential real estate 970 970 — — 717 — Construction real estate — — — — — — Indirect vehicle — — — — — — Home equity 927 927 — — 1,000 — Other consumer — — — — — — With an allowance recorded: Commercial 23,394 23,394 — 7,523 18,820 — Commercial collateralized by assignment of lease payments 3,297 3,297 — 1,790 4,013 104 Commercial real estate: Healthcare — — — — — — Industrial — — — — 228 — Multifamily 2,155 2,155 — 17 3,307 27 Retail 16,034 16,034 — 4,926 8,885 — Office 2,929 2,929 — 1,717 2,457 — Other 592 592 — 199 9,629 — Residential real estate 12,950 12,769 181 2,634 13,484 — Construction real estate — — — — 214 — Indirect vehicle 119 119 — — 287 — Home equity 28,696 28,583 113 3,131 27,747 — Other consumer — — — — — — Total $ 117,644 $ 114,465 $ 3,179 $ 21,937 $ 108,854 $ 202 Average impaired loans for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 were $87.6 million , $108.9 million and $126.7 million , respectively. Interest income recognized on impaired loans was $52 thousand , $202 thousand and $407 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively. Impaired loans as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 included accruing restructured loans of $32.7 million and $27.0 million , respectively, that have been modified and were performing in accordance with their modified terms as of those dates. In addition, impaired loans as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 included non-performing restructured loans of $27.1 million and $23.6 million , respectively. Loans may be restructured in an effort to maximize collections from financially distressed borrowers. We use various restructuring techniques, including, but not limited to, deferring past due interest or principal, implementing an A/B note structure, redeeming past due taxes, reducing interest rates, extending maturities and modifying amortization schedules. Residential real estate loans are restructured in an effort to minimize losses while allowing borrowers to remain in their primary residences when possible. Programs that we offer to residential real estate borrowers include the Home Affordable Refinance Program (“HARP”), a restructuring program similar to the Home Affordable Modification Program (“HAMP”) for first mortgage borrowers, the Second Lien Modification Program (“2MP”) and similar programs for home equity borrowers in keeping with the restructuring techniques discussed above. Periodically, the Company will restructure a note into two separate notes (A/B structure), charging off the entire B portion of the note. The A note is structured with appropriate loan-to-value and cash flow coverage ratios that provide for a high likelihood of repayment. The A note is classified as a non-performing note until the borrower has displayed a historical payment performance for a reasonable time prior to and subsequent to the restructuring. A period of sustained repayment for at least six months generally is required to return the note to accrual status provided that management has determined that the performance is reasonably expected to continue. The A note will be classified as a restructured note (either performing or non-performing) through the calendar year of the restructuring that the historical payment performance has been established. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015 , there was one A/B structure with a recorded investment of $929 thousand and $1.0 million , respectively, which is included above as an accruing restructured loan. A loan classified as a troubled debt restructuring will no longer be included in the troubled debt restructuring disclosures in the years after the restructuring if the loan performs in accordance with the terms specified by the restructuring agreement and the interest rate specified in the restructuring agreement represents a market rate at the time of modification. The specified interest rate is considered a market rate when the interest rate is equal to or greater than the rate the Company is willing to accept at the time of restructuring for a new loan with comparable risk. If there are concerns that the borrower will not be able to meet the modified terms of the loan, the loan will continue to be included in the troubled debt restructuring disclosures. Impairment analyses on commercial-related loans classified as troubled debt restructurings are performed in conjunction with the normal allowance for loan and lease losses process. Consumer loans classified as troubled debt restructurings are aggregated in two pools that share common risk characteristics, home equity and residential real estate loans, with impairment measured on a quarterly basis based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate. The following table presents loans that were restructured during the year ended December 31, 2016 (dollars in thousands): December 31, 2016 Number of Pre-Modification Recorded Post-Modification Recorded Charge-offs and Performing: Commercial 2 $ 4,388 $ 4,388 $ 412 Residential real estate 6 939 939 $ 143 Home equity 13 2,113 2,113 172 Total 21 $ 7,440 $ 7,440 $ 727 Non-Performing: Commercial 8 $ 17,472 $ 17,472 $ 5,784 Commercial collateralized by assignment of lease payments 2 794 794 382 Residential real estate 10 1,310 1,310 245 Indirect vehicle 33 220 220 75 Home equity 42 4,933 4,933 293 Total 95 $ 24,729 $ 24,729 $ 6,779 The following table presents loans that were restructured during the year ended December 31, 2015 (dollars in thousands): December 31, 2015 Number of Pre-Modification Recorded Post-Modification Recorded Charge-offs and Performing: Commercial 6 $ 11,074 $ 11,074 $ 2,810 Home equity 17 4,809 4,809 — Total 23 $ 15,883 $ 15,883 $ 2,810 Non-Performing: Commercial real estate: Industrial 1 $ 414 $ 414 $ 9 Multifamily 1 334 334 — Office 1 815 815 191 Residential real estate 1 140 140 17 Indirect vehicle 16 88 88 32 Home equity 17 2,959 2,959 306 Total 37 $ 4,750 $ 4,750 $ 555 Of the troubled debt restructurings entered into during the year ended December 31, 2016 , $224 thousand subsequently defaulted during the year. Performing troubled debt restructurings are considered to have defaulted when they become 90 days or more past due post-restructuring or are placed on non-accrual status. The following tables present the troubled debt restructurings activity during the year ended December 31, 2016 (dollars in thousands): Performing Non-performing Beginning balance $ 26,991 $ 23,619 Additions 7,440 24,729 Charge-offs — (1,089 ) Principal payments, net (3,287 ) (9,270 ) Removals (1,995 ) (6,611 ) Transfer to other real estate owned — (772 ) Transfers in 4,439 901 Transfers out (901 ) (4,439 ) Ending balance $ 32,687 $ 27,068 Loans removed from troubled debt restructuring status are those that were restructured in a previous calendar year at a market rate of interest and have performed in compliance with the modified terms. The following table presents the type of modification for loans that have been restructured and the post-modification recorded investment during the year ended December 31, 2016 (dollars in thousands): December 31, 2016 Extended Maturity, Maturity, Delay Delay in Amortization Extended in Payments and Payments or and Reduction Maturity and/or Reduction of Reduction of of Interest Rate Amortization Amount Interest Rate Total Commercial $ — $ 17,472 $ — $ 4,388 $ 21,860 Commercial collateralized by assignment of lease payments — — 794 — 794 Commercial real estate: Residential real estate 484 712 — 1,053 2,249 Indirect vehicle — — — 220 220 Home equity 3,769 2,030 — 1,247 7,046 Total $ 4,253 $ 20,214 $ 794 $ 6,908 $ 32,169 Activity in the allowance for loan and lease losses was as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 2014 Balance at beginning of year $ 131,508 $ 114,057 $ 113,462 Allowance for unfunded credit commitments acquired through business combination — — 1,261 Utilization of allowance for unfunded credit commitments — — (637 ) Provision for credit losses 19,563 21,386 12,052 Charge-offs: Commercial 2,126 2,993 1,339 Commercial collateralized by assignment of lease payments 6,740 2,765 925 Commercial real estate 2,851 3,563 11,438 Residential real estate 1,356 1,450 1,718 Construction real estate 593 34 79 Indirect vehicle 3,505 2,980 3,735 Home equity 1,662 1,485 3,383 Other consumer 1,778 1,941 2,128 Total charge-offs 20,611 17,211 24,745 Recoveries: Commercial 2,434 1,749 3,757 Commercial collateralized by assignment of lease payments 550 1,112 939 Commercial real estate 3,729 6,723 4,020 Residential real estate 1,210 515 1,190 Construction real estate 142 272 252 Indirect vehicle 1,837 1,853 1,736 Home equity 756 579 482 Other consumer 724 473 288 Total recoveries 11,382 13,276 12,664 Net charge-offs 9,229 3,935 12,081 Allowance for credit losses 141,842 131,508 114,057 Allowance for unfunded credit commitments (2,476 ) (3,368 ) (4,031 ) Balance at December 31, $ 139,366 $ 128,140 $ 110,026 The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses, balance in allowance for credit losses and recorded investment in loans by portfolio segment and based on impairment method as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands): Commercial Commercial collateralized by assignment of lease payments Commercial real estate Residential real estate Construction real estate Indirect vehicle Home equity Other Consumer Unfunded Commitments Total December 31, 2016 Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance $ 39,316 $ 10,434 $ 45,475 $ 5,734 $ 15,113 $ 2,418 $ 7,374 $ 2,276 $ 3,368 $ 131,508 Charge-offs 2,126 6,740 2,851 1,356 593 3,505 1,662 1,778 — 20,611 Recoveries 2,434 550 3,729 1,210 142 1,837 756 724 — 11,382 Provision 5,037 7,994 5,454 383 96 2,671 (999 ) (181 ) (892 ) 19,563 Ending balance $ 44,661 $ 12,238 $ 51,807 $ 5,971 $ 14,758 $ 3,421 $ 5,469 $ 1,041 $ 2,476 $ 141,842 Ending allowance balance attributable to loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 2,889 $ — $ 354 $ 2,163 $ — $ — $ 2,930 $ — $ 617 $ 8,953 Collectively evaluated for impairment 41,594 12,238 50,811 3,808 14,712 3,421 2,539 1,041 1,859 132,023 Acquired and accounted for under ASC Topic 310-30 (1) 178 — 642 — 46 — — — — 866 Total ending allowance balance $ 44,661 $ 12,238 $ 51,807 $ 5,971 $ 14,758 $ 3,421 $ 5,469 $ 1,041 $ 2,476 $ 141,842 Loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 23,459 $ 747 $ 6,443 $ 14,353 $ — $ 122 $ 28,790 $ — $ — $ 73,914 Collectively evaluated for impairment 4,323,047 2,002,229 3,781,573 1,046,475 518,562 541,558 237,587 80,781 — 12,531,812 Acquired and accounted for under ASC Topic 310-30 (1) 22,257 — 46,994 72,184 4,832 — 14,549 2,261 — 163,077 Total ending loans balance $ 4,368,763 $ 2,002,976 $ 3,835,010 $ 1,133,012 $ 523,394 $ 541,680 $ 280,926 $ 83,042 $ — $ 12,768,803 December 31, 2015 Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance $ 29,571 $ 9,962 $ 41,826 $ 6,646 $ 8,918 $ 1,687 $ 9,456 $ 1,960 $ 4,031 $ 114,057 Charge-offs 2,993 2,765 3,563 1,450 34 2,980 1,485 1,941 — 17,211 Recoveries 1,749 1,112 6,723 515 272 1,853 579 473 — 13,276 Provision 10,989 2,125 489 23 5,957 1,858 (1,176 ) 1,784 (663 ) 21,386 Ending balance $ 39,316 $ 10,434 $ 45,475 $ 5,734 $ 15,113 $ 2,418 $ 7,374 $ 2,276 $ 3,368 $ 131,508 Ending allowance balance attributable to loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 7,523 $ 1,790 $ 6,859 $ 2,634 $ — $ — $ 3,131 $ — $ 1,392 $ 23,329 Collectively evaluated for impairment 31,228 8,644 37,198 3,100 15,019 2,418 4,243 2,276 1,976 106,102 Acquired and accounted for under ASC Topic 310-30 (1) 565 — 1,418 — 94 — — — — 2,077 Total ending allowance balance $ 39,316 $ 10,434 $ 45,475 $ 5,734 $ 15,113 $ 2,418 $ 7,374 $ 2,276 $ 3,368 $ 131,508 Loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 34,647 $ 6,246 $ 30,204 $ 13,739 $ — $ 119 $ 29,510 $ — $ — $ 114,465 Collectively evaluated for impairment 3,581,639 1,772,826 2,665,472 614,430 252,060 383,976 187,063 80,661 — 9,538,127 Acquired and accounted for under ASC Topic 310-30 (1) 24,284 — 36,362 53,156 10,891 — 14,004 2,709 — 141,406 Total ending loans balance $ 3,640,570 $ 1,779,072 $ 2,732,038 $ 681,325 $ 262,951 $ 384,095 $ 230,577 $ 83,370 $ — $ 9,793,998 (1) Loans acquired in business combinations and accounted for under ASC Topic 310-30 “Receivables — Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality.” Purchased loans acquired in a business combination are recorded at estimated fair value on their purchase date without a carryover of the related allowance for loan and lease losses. These acquired loans are segregated into three types: pass rated loans with no discount attributable to credit quality, non-impaired loans with a discount attributable at least in part to credit quality and impaired loans with evidence of significant credit deterioration. • Pass rated loans (typically performing loans) are accounted for in accordance with ASC Topic 310-20 "Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs" as these loans do not have evidence of credit deterioration since origination. • Non-impaired loans (typically performing substandard loans) are accounted for in accordance with ASC Topic 310-30 if they display at least some level of credit deterioration since origination. • Impaired loans (typically substandard loans on non-accrual status) are accounted for in accordance with ASC Topic 310-30 as they display significant credit deterioration since origination. For pass rated loans (non-purchased credit-impaired loans), the difference between the estimated fair value of the loans and the principal outstanding is accreted over the remaining life of the loans. In accordance with ASC 310-30, for both purchased non-impaired loans and purchased credit-impaired loans, the loans are pooled by loan type and the difference between contractually required payments at acquisition and the cash flows expected to be collected is referred to as the non-accretable difference. Further, any excess of cash flows expected at acquisition over the estimated fair value is referred to as the accretable yield and is recognized into interest income over the remaining life of the loan pools when there is a reasonable expectation about the amount and timing of such cash flows. Substantially all of the loans acquired in transactions with the FDIC displayed at least some level of credit deterioration and as such are included as non-impaired and impaired loans as described immediately above. During the year ended December 31, 2016 , there was a provision for credit losses of $144 thousand and there were net charge-offs of $1.4 million in relation to purchased loans. During the year ended December 31, 2015 , there was a provision for credit losses of $2.0 million and net recoveries of $2.8 million in relation to purchased loans. There was $866 thousand in allowance for loan and lease losses related to these purchased loans at December 31, 2016 and $2.1 million at December 31, 2015 . The provision for credit losses and accompanying charge-offs are included in the table above. Changes in the accretable yield for loans acquired and accounted for under ASC Topic 310-30 were as follows for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 Balance at beginning of period $ 12,596 $ 7,434 Purchases 5,086 — Accretion (9,585 ) (9,637 ) Other (1) 7,953 14,799 Balance at end of period $ 16,050 $ 12,596 (1) Primarily includes discount transfers from non-accretable discount to accretable discount due to better than expected performance of loan pools acquired and accounted for under ASC Topic 310-30. In our FDIC-assisted transactions, the fair value of purchased credit-impaired loans, on the acquisition date, was determined based on assigned risk ratings, expected cash flows and the fair value of loan collateral. The fair value of loans that were non-impaired was determined based on estimates of losses on defaults and other market factors. Due to the loss-share agreements with the FDIC, we recorded a receivable (FDIC indemnification asset) from the FDIC equal to the present value of the corresponding reimbursement percentages on the estimated losses embedded in the loan portfolio. For other loans acquired through business combinations, the fair value of purchased credit-impaired loans, on the acquisition date, was determined based on ass |