Loans | Loans Loans consist of the following at (in thousands): December 31, 2018 2017 Commercial $ 5,169,763 $ 4,786,180 Commercial collateralized by assignment of lease payments 2,084,170 2,113,135 Commercial real estate 3,720,255 4,147,529 Residential real estate 1,397,598 1,432,458 Construction real estate 506,837 406,849 Indirect vehicle 817,108 667,928 Home equity 172,890 219,098 Other consumer 82,461 73,141 Gross loans, excluding purchased credit-impaired loans 13,951,082 13,846,318 Purchased credit-impaired loans 84,101 119,744 Total loans $ 14,035,183 $ 13,966,062 Loans are made to individuals as well as commercial and tax exempt entities. Specific loan terms vary as to interest rate, repayment, and collateral requirements based on the type of loan requested and the credit worthiness of the prospective borrower. Except for commercial loans collateralized by assignment of lease payments, asset-based loans, residential real estate loans, and indirect vehicle loans, credit risk tends to be geographically concentrated in that a majority of the loan customers are located in Illinois. The Company's extension of credit is governed by its Credit Risk Policy, which was established to control the quality of the Company's loans. This policy is reviewed and approved by the Enterprise Risk Committee of the Company's Board of Directors on an annual basis. Commercial Loans. Commercial credit is extended mostly to middle market customers. Such credits are typically comprised of working capital loans, loans for physical asset expansion, asset acquisition loans and other business loans. Loans to closely held businesses will generally be guaranteed in full or for a significant amount by the businesses' principal owners. Commercial loans are made based primarily on the historical cash flow of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. The cash flows of borrowers, however, may not perform as forecasted and collateral securing loans may fluctuate in value due to economic or individual performance factors. Minimum standards and underwriting guidelines have been established for all commercial loan types. Asset-based loans, also included in commercial loans, are made to businesses with the primary source of repayment derived from payments on the related assets securing the loan. Collateral for these loans may include accounts receivable, inventory and equipment, and is monitored regularly to ensure ongoing sufficiency of collateral coverage and quality. The primary risk for these loans is a significant decline in collateral values due to general market conditions. Loan terms that mitigate these risks include typical industry amortization schedules, percentage of collateral advances, maintenance of cash collateral accounts and regular asset monitoring. Because of the national scope of our asset-based lending, the risk of these loans is also diversified by geography. Commercial Loans Collateralized by Assignment of Lease Payments ("Lease Loans"). The Company makes lease loans to lessors where the underlying leases are with both investment grade and non-investment grade companies. Investment grade lessees are companies rated in one of the four highest categories by Moody's Investor Services. Whether or not companies fall into this category, each lease loan is considered on its individual merit based on the financial wherewithal of the lessee using financial information available at the time of underwriting. In addition, leases that transfer substantially all of the benefits and risk related to the equipment ownership are classified as direct finance leases and are included in lease loans. Commercial Real Estate Loans. Commercial real estate loans are subject to underwriting standards and processes similar to commercial loans. These loans are viewed primarily as property income based loans and the repayment of these loans is largely dependent on the successful operation of the property, which also serves as collateral for the loan. In addition, $1.2 billion and $1.3 billion of commercial real estate loans at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, were secured by owner-occupied properties where the primary source of repayment is the cash flow from the ongoing operations and activities conducted by the owner of the property. Loan performance may be adversely affected by factors impacting the general economy or conditions specific to the real estate market such as geographic location and/or property type. Construction Real Estate Loans. The Company defines construction loans as loans where the loan proceeds are monitored by the Company and used exclusively for the improvement of real estate in which the Company holds a mortgage. Due to the inherent risk in this type of loan, these loans are subject to other industry specific policy guidelines outlined in the Company's Credit Risk Policy. Consumer Related Loans. The Company originates direct and indirect consumer loans, including residential real estate, home equity lines and loans, credit cards, and indirect vehicle loans (motorcycle, marine, recreational, and powersports vehicles). Each loan type is underwritten based upon several factors including debt to income, type of collateral and loan to collateral value, credit history, and the Company's relationship with the borrower. Indirect loan and credit card underwriting involves the use of risk-based pricing in the underwriting process. Purchased credit-impaired loans. Purchased credit-impaired loans are accounted for under ASC Topic 310-30, which include purchased credit-impaired loans acquired through business combinations, FDIC-assisted transactions, and repurchase transactions with the Government National Mortgage Association ("GNMA"). The loans repurchased from GNMA were originally sold by the Company with servicing retained and subsequently became delinquent. These loans are also insured by the Federal Housing Administration (commonly referred to as "FHA") or the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (commonly referred to as "VA") where the Company would be able to recover the principal balance of these loans. All repurchases from GNMA are at the Company's discretion. Loans to executive officers and directors. Loans outstanding to executive officers and directors of the Company and MB Financial Bank, including companies in which they have management control or controlling beneficial ownership, at December 31, 2018 and 2017 , were approximately $40.7 million and $39.5 million , respectively. Total advances on loans outstanding to executive officers and directors, including companies in which they have management control or controlling beneficial ownership, were $16.5 million , and total repayments were $15.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2018 . In the opinion of management, these loans have similar terms to other customer loans and do not present more than normal risk of collection. Pledged loans. A collateral pledge agreement exists whereby at all times, the Company must keep on hand, free of all other pledges, liens, and encumbrances, loans with unpaid principal balances aggregating no less than 160% for qualifying first mortgage loans, 170% for home equity loans, 157% for qualifying commercial real estate loan, and 106% for loans held for sale, of the outstanding advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , the Company had $3.8 billion and $4.7 billion , respectively, of loans pledged as collateral for Federal Home Loan Bank advances and third party letters of credit, while only $3.2 billion and $3.1 billion were required to be pledged at December 31, 2018 and 2017 , respectively. The Company also has a collateral pledge agreement with the Federal Reserve Bank. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had $771.8 million and $902.2 million , respectively, of loans pledged as collateral at the Federal Reserve Bank for the discount window as a backup liquidity funding source. The following table presents the contractual aging of the recorded investment in past due loans by class of loans as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands): Current 30-59 Days 60-89 Days Loans Past Due Total Total December 31, 2018 Commercial $ 5,160,023 $ 474 $ — $ 9,266 $ 9,740 $ 5,169,763 Commercial collateralized by assignment of lease payments 2,034,344 40,487 6,729 2,610 49,826 2,084,170 Commercial real estate: Health care 617,428 — — — — 617,428 Industrial 834,983 — — 2,814 2,814 837,797 Multifamily 514,234 1,925 — — 1,925 516,159 Retail 461,063 — — 1,232 1,232 462,295 Office 432,977 — — 120 120 433,097 Other 846,361 897 278 5,943 7,118 853,479 Residential real estate 1,373,677 7,155 2,103 14,663 23,921 1,397,598 Construction real estate 504,975 1,862 — — 1,862 506,837 Indirect vehicle 807,514 6,903 1,773 918 9,594 817,108 Home equity 169,801 990 179 1,920 3,089 172,890 Other consumer 82,147 134 150 30 314 82,461 Gross loans, excluding purchased credit-impaired loans 13,839,527 60,827 11,212 39,516 111,555 13,951,082 Purchased credit-impaired loans 45,710 7,463 3,988 26,940 38,391 84,101 Total loans $ 13,885,237 $ 68,290 $ 15,200 $ 66,456 $ 149,946 $ 14,035,183 Non-performing loan aging $ 27,672 $ 2,121 $ 1,062 $ 39,516 $ 42,699 $ 70,371 December 31, 2017 Commercial $ 4,769,244 $ 1,702 $ 6,926 $ 8,308 $ 16,936 $ 4,786,180 Commercial collateralized by assignment of lease payments 2,099,246 11,320 1,878 691 13,889 2,113,135 Commercial real estate: Health care 710,722 — — — — 710,722 Industrial 908,394 — — 755 755 909,149 Multifamily 601,844 688 — 732 1,420 603,264 Retail 503,224 — — 474 474 503,698 Office 453,960 — 956 1,454 2,410 456,370 Other 956,181 7,035 76 1,034 8,145 964,326 Residential real estate 1,410,473 12,359 1,907 7,719 21,985 1,432,458 Construction real estate 404,595 2,254 — — 2,254 406,849 Indirect vehicle 661,028 4,905 1,083 912 6,900 667,928 Home equity 210,831 3,161 1,073 4,033 8,267 219,098 Other consumer 72,846 202 36 57 295 73,141 Gross loans, excluding purchased credit-impaired loans 13,762,588 43,626 13,935 26,169 83,730 13,846,318 Purchased credit-impaired loans 63,937 8,749 3,997 43,061 55,807 119,744 Total loans $ 13,826,525 $ 52,375 $ 17,932 $ 69,230 $ 139,537 $ 13,966,062 Non-performing loan aging $ 36,879 $ 8,799 $ 4,961 $ 26,169 $ 39,929 $ 76,808 The following table presents the recorded investment in non-accrual loans and loans past due ninety days or more and still accruing by class of loans, excluding purchased credit-impaired loans, as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands): 2018 2017 Loans past due Loans past due Non-accrual 90 days or more and still accruing Non-accrual 90 days or more and still accruing Commercial $ 16,509 $ — $ 14,001 $ 3,500 Commercial collateralized by assignment of lease payments 1,551 2,398 490 531 Commercial real estate: Health care — — — — Industrial 2,814 — 8,807 — Multifamily 33 — 860 — Office 416 — 2,772 — Retail 1,232 — 590 — Other 6,710 — 8,016 190 Residential real estate 21,829 327 18,374 1,210 Construction real estate — — — — Indirect vehicle 4,176 — 3,019 81 Home equity 12,341 — 14,305 — Other consumer 5 30 4 58 Total $ 67,616 $ 2,755 $ 71,238 $ 5,570 The reduction in interest income associated with loans on non-accrual status was approximately $3.2 million , $2.1 million , and $3.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 , and 2016 , respectively. The Company utilizes an internal asset classification system as a means of reporting problem and potential problem loans. Under the Company's risk rating system, the Company classifies potential problem and problem loans as “Special Mention,” “Substandard,” and “Doubtful.” Substandard loans include those characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Loans classified as Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. Loans that do not currently expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the aforementioned categories but possess weaknesses that deserve management's close attention are deemed to be Special Mention. Loans rated but not adversely classified are deemed to be Pass. Risk ratings are updated any time the situation warrants and at least annually. Loans not rated are included in groups of homogeneous loans with similar risk and loss characteristics and are not included in the table below. The following tables present the risk category of loans by class of loans based on the most recent analysis performed, excluding purchased credit-impaired loans, as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands): Pass Special Substandard Doubtful Total December 31, 2018 Commercial $ 4,785,792 $ 194,314 $ 189,657 $ — $ 5,169,763 Commercial collateralized by assignment of lease payments 2,055,391 22,768 6,011 — 2,084,170 Commercial real estate: Health care 462,399 48,711 106,318 — 617,428 Industrial 799,673 23,834 14,290 — 837,797 Multifamily 509,270 1,242 5,647 — 516,159 Retail 436,923 9,939 15,433 — 462,295 Office 410,122 3,119 19,856 — 433,097 Other 753,334 46,337 53,808 — 853,479 Construction real estate 504,246 2,247 344 — 506,837 Total $ 10,717,150 $ 352,511 $ 411,364 $ — $ 11,481,025 December 31, 2017 Commercial $ 4,535,111 $ 147,232 $ 103,837 $ — $ 4,786,180 Commercial collateralized by assignment of lease payments 2,095,668 7,527 9,940 — 2,113,135 Commercial real estate: Health care 640,751 33,672 36,299 — 710,722 Industrial 885,524 12,411 11,214 — 909,149 Multifamily 595,818 146 7,300 — 603,264 Retail 492,830 8,326 2,542 — 503,698 Office 452,902 696 2,772 — 456,370 Other 891,703 37,682 34,941 — 964,326 Construction real estate 406,849 — — — 406,849 Total $ 10,997,156 $ 247,692 $ 208,845 $ — $ 11,453,693 Approximately $29.3 million and $35.6 million of the substandard and doubtful loans were non-performing as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 , respectively. For residential real estate, home equity, indirect vehicle and other consumer loan classes, the Company also evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan, which was previously presented, and by payment activity. The following table presents the recorded investment in those loan classes based on payment activity, excluding purchased credit-impaired loans, as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands): Performing Non-performing Total December 31, 2018 Residential real estate $ 1,375,442 $ 22,156 $ 1,397,598 Indirect vehicle 812,932 4,176 817,108 Home equity 160,549 12,341 172,890 Other consumer 82,426 35 82,461 Total $ 2,431,349 $ 38,708 $ 2,470,057 December 31, 2017 Residential real estate $ 1,412,874 $ 19,584 $ 1,432,458 Indirect vehicle 664,828 3,100 667,928 Home equity 204,793 14,305 219,098 Other consumer 73,079 62 73,141 Total $ 2,355,574 $ 37,051 $ 2,392,625 The recorded investment in residential mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties (including purchased credit-impaired loans) for which foreclosure proceedings are in process totaled $58.8 million and $43.6 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017 , respectively. The following tables present loans individually evaluated for impairment by class of loans, excluding purchased credit-impaired loans, as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands): December 31, 2018 Unpaid Recorded Partial Allowance for Average Interest With no related allowance recorded: Commercial $ 7,508 $ 4,729 $ 2,779 $ — $ 9,971 $ 222 Commercial collateralized by assignment of lease payments — — — — — — Commercial real estate: Health care — — — — — — Industrial 3,429 2,814 615 — 1,760 — Multifamily — — — — — — Retail — — — — — — Office — — — — — — Other — — — — 820 52 Residential real estate 3,793 3,755 38 — 2,995 — Construction real estate — — — — — — Indirect vehicle 695 395 300 — 692 41 Home equity 161 161 — — 60 — Other consumer — — — — — — With an allowance recorded: Commercial 32,078 10,576 21,502 1,612 12,993 256 Commercial collateralized by assignment of lease payments — — — — 83 — Commercial real estate: Health care — — — — 267 28 Industrial — — — — 1,590 8 Multifamily — — — — — — Retail — — — — — — Office — — — — — — Other 4,766 4,766 — 413 3,502 124 Residential real estate 18,966 17,159 1,807 1,454 18,158 32 Construction real estate — — — — — — Indirect vehicle — — — — — — Home equity 28,897 26,150 2,747 1,392 28,008 47 Other consumer — — — — — — Total $ 100,293 $ 70,505 $ 29,788 $ 4,871 $ 80,899 $ 810 December 31, 2017 Unpaid Recorded Partial Allowance for Average Interest With no related allowance recorded: Commercial $ 8,312 $ 7,771 $ 541 $ — $ 5,595 $ 95 Commercial collateralized by assignment of lease payments — — — — 301 — Commercial real estate: Health care — — — — — — Industrial — — — — 1,260 8 Multifamily — — — — 1,261 29 Retail — — — — 814 27 Office 527 527 — — 1,426 18 Other 10,597 10,597 — — 2,312 128 Residential real estate 1,950 1,912 38 — 483 — Construction real estate — — — — — — Indirect vehicle 408 202 206 — 411 26 Home equity 81 81 — — 376 — Other consumer — — — — — — With an allowance recorded: Commercial 7,418 7,418 — 2,315 7,668 277 Commercial collateralized by assignment of lease payments — — — — 126 14 Commercial real estate: Health care — — — — — — Industrial 8,339 8,317 22 2,669 3,215 171 Multifamily 568 568 — 320 426 — Retail — — — — 1,345 28 Office 2,293 2,277 16 752 636 4 Other — — — — 29 — Residential real estate 21,380 19,014 2,366 2,158 17,616 25 Construction real estate — — — — — — Indirect vehicle — — — — — — Home equity 30,762 28,286 2,476 2,200 27,982 54 Other consumer — — — — — — Total $ 92,635 $ 86,970 $ 5,665 $ 10,414 $ 73,282 $ 904 Average impaired loans for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 were $80.9 million , $73.3 million and $87.6 million , respectively. Interest income recognized on impaired loans was $810 thousand , $904 thousand and $52 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Impaired loans as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 included accruing restructured loans of $22.8 million and $28.6 million , respectively, that have been modified and were performing in accordance with their modified terms as of those dates. In addition, impaired loans as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 included non-performing restructured loans of $22.0 million and $30.8 million , respectively. Loans may be restructured in an effort to maximize collections from financially distressed borrowers. We use various restructuring techniques, including, but not limited to, deferring past due interest or principal, implementing an A/B note structure, redeeming past due taxes, reducing interest rates, extending maturities and modifying amortization schedules. Residential real estate loans are restructured in an effort to minimize losses while allowing borrowers to remain in their primary residences when possible. A loan classified as a troubled debt restructuring will no longer be included in the troubled debt restructuring disclosures in the years after the restructuring if the loan performs in accordance with the terms specified by the restructuring agreement and the interest rate specified in the restructuring agreement represents a market rate at the time of modification. The specified interest rate is considered a market rate when the interest rate is equal to or greater than the rate the Company is willing to accept at the time of restructuring for a new loan with comparable risk. If there are concerns that the borrower will not be able to meet the modified terms of the loan, the loan will continue to be included in the troubled debt restructuring disclosures. Impairment analyses on commercial-related loans classified as troubled debt restructurings are performed in conjunction with the normal allowance for loan and lease losses process. Consumer loans classified as troubled debt restructurings are aggregated in two pools that share common risk characteristics, home equity and residential real estate loans, with impairment measured on a quarterly basis based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate. The following table presents loans that were restructured during the year ended December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands): December 31, 2018 Number of Pre-Modification Recorded Post-Modification Recorded Charge-offs and Performing: Commercial 2 $ 69 $ 69 $ — Commercial real estate: Residential real estate 2 220 220 21 Home equity 2 128 128 7 Total 6 $ 417 $ 417 $ 28 Non-Performing: Commercial 1 $ 750 $ 750 $ — Commercial real estate: Residential real estate 21 3,525 3,525 1,216 Indirect vehicle 45 290 290 171 Home equity 7 606 606 233 Total 74 $ 5,171 $ 5,171 $ 1,620 The following table presents loans that were restructured during the year ended December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands): December 31, 2017 Number of Pre-Modification Recorded Post-Modification Recorded Charge-offs and Performing: Commercial 5 $ 2,491 $ 2,491 $ 373 Commercial real estate: Industrial 3 3,174 3,174 — Retail 2 337 337 — Office 1 548 548 — Other 4 4,171 4,171 — Residential real estate 10 1,744 1,744 230 Home equity 5 122 122 9 Total 30 $ 12,587 $ 12,587 $ 612 Non-Performing: Commercial 6 $ 1,363 $ 1,363 $ — Commercial real estate: Multifamily 3 290 290 — Retail 1 906 906 — Other 1 554 554 — Residential real estate 35 6,428 6,428 1,733 Indirect vehicle 40 277 277 150 Home equity 5 842 842 76 Total 91 $ 10,660 $ 10,660 $ 1,959 Of the troubled debt restructurings entered into during the year ended December 31, 2018 , none subsequently defaulted during the year. Performing troubled debt restructurings are considered to have defaulted when they become 90 days or more past due post-restructuring or are placed on non-accrual status. The following tables present the troubled debt restructurings activity during the year ended December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands): Performing Non-performing Beginning balance $ 28,554 $ 30,836 Additions 417 5,171 Charge-offs — (3,369 ) Principal payments, net (8,382 ) (8,238 ) Removals (77 ) (168 ) Transfer to other real estate owned — — Transfers in 3,754 1,473 Transfers out (1,473 ) (3,754 ) Ending balance $ 22,793 $ 21,951 Loans removed from troubled debt restructuring status are those that were restructured in a previous calendar year at a market rate of interest and have performed in compliance with the modified terms. The following table presents the type of modification for loans that have been restructured and the post-modification recorded investment during the year ended December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands): December 31, 2018 Extended Maturity, Extended Amortization and Reduction of Interest Rate Extended Maturity and/or Amortization Extended Maturity, Extended Amortization, and Delay in Payments Delay in Payments and/or Reduction of Interest Rate Total Commercial $ — $ 750 $ 69 $ — $ 819 Residential real estate 2,472 862 — 411 3,745 Indirect vehicle — — — 290 290 Home equity 293 441 — — 734 Total $ 2,765 $ 2,053 $ 69 $ 701 $ 5,588 Activity in the allowance for loan and lease losses was as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 2016 Balance at beginning of year $ 159,408 $ 141,842 $ 131,508 Provision for credit losses 47,201 21,593 19,563 Charge-offs: Commercial 30,173 2,323 2,126 Commercial collateralized by assignment of lease payments 7,997 3,397 6,740 Commercial real estate 6,396 1,466 2,851 Residential real estate 1,100 932 1,356 Construction real estate — — 593 Indirect vehicle 7,656 5,433 3,505 Home equity 1,299 1,314 1,662 Other consumer 1,321 1,707 1,778 Total charge-offs 55,942 16,572 20,611 Recoveries: Commercial 2,222 3,806 2,434 Commercial collateralized by assignment of lease payments 1,275 775 550 Commercial real estate 1,956 2,817 3,729 Residential real estate 778 724 1,210 Construction real estate 695 774 142 Indirect vehicle 3,124 2,282 1,837 Home equity 817 778 756 Other consumer 522 589 724 Total recoveries 11,389 12,545 11,382 Net charge-offs 44,553 4,027 9,229 Allowance for credit losses 162,056 159,408 141,842 Allowance for unfunded credit commitments (478 ) (1,698 ) (2,476 ) Balance at December 31, $ 161,578 $ 157,710 $ 139,366 The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses, balance in allowance for credit losses and recorded investment in loans by portfolio segment and based on impairment method as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands): Commercial Commercial collateralized by assignment of lease payments Commercial real estate Residential real estate Construction real estate Indirect vehicle Home equity Other Consumer Unfunded Commitments Total December 31, 2018 Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance $ 46,267 $ 13,007 $ 63,429 $ 7,012 $ 15,501 $ 4,728 $ 5,296 $ 2,470 $ 1,698 $ 159,408 Charge-offs 30,173 7,997 6,396 1,100 — 7,656 1,299 1,321 — 55,942 Recoveries 2,222 1,275 1,956 778 695 3,124 817 522 — 11,389 Provision 29,751 7,038 4,484 (1,577 ) 7,036 2,996 (1,424 ) 117 (1,220 ) 47,201 Ending balance $ 48,067 $ 13,323 $ 63,473 $ 5,113 $ 23,232 $ 3,192 $ 3,390 $ 1,788 $ 478 $ 162,056 Ending allowance balance attributable to loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 1,612 $ — $ 413 $ 1,454 $ — $ — $ 1,392 $ — $ 50 $ 4,921 Collectively evaluated for impairment 46,271 13,323 62,765 3,659 23,232 3,192 1,998 1,788 428 156,656 Acquired and accounted for under ASC Topic 310-30 (1) 184 — 295 — — — — — — 479 Total ending allowance balance $ 48,067 $ 13,323 $ 63,473 $ 5,113 $ 23,232 $ 3,192 $ 3,390 $ 1,788 $ 478 $ 162,056 Loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 15,305 $ — $ 7,580 $ 20,914 $ — $ 395 $ 26,311 $ — $ — $ 70,505 Collectively evaluated for impairment 5,154,458 2,084,170 3,712,675 1,376,684 506,837 816,713 146,579 82,461 — 13,880,577 Acquired and accounted for under ASC Topic 310-30 (1) 7,245 — 20,725 44,176 3,020 — 8,081 854 — 84,101 Total ending loans balance $ 5,177,008 $ 2,084,170 $ 3,740,980 $ 1,441,774 $ 509,857 $ 817,108 $ 180,971 $ 83,315 $ — $ 14,035,183 December 31, 2017 Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance $ 44,661 $ 12,238 $ 51,807 $ 5,971 $ 14,758 $ 3,421 $ 4,689 $ 1,821 $ 2,476 $ 141,842 Charge-offs 2,323 3,397 1,466 932 — 5,433 1,314 1,707 — 16,572 Recoveries 3,806 775 2,817 724 774 2,282 778 589 — 12,545 Provision 123 3,391 10,271 1,249 (31 ) 4,458 1,143 1,767 (778 ) 21,593 Ending balance $ 46,267 $ 13,007 $ 63,429 $ 7,012 $ 15,501 $ 4,728 $ 5,296 $ 2,470 $ 1,698 $ 159,408 Ending allowance balance attributable to loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 2,315 $ — $ 3,741 $ 2,158 $ — $ — $ 2,200 $ — $ 437 $ 10,851 Collectively evaluated for impairment 43,861 13,007 58,637 4,854 15,466 4,728 3,096 2,470 1,261 147,380 Acquired and accounted for under ASC Topic 310-30 (1) 91 — 1,051 — 35 — — — — 1,177 Total ending allowance balance $ 46,267 $ 13,007 $ 63,429 $ 7,012 $ 15,501 $ 4,728 $ 5,296 $ 2,470 $ 1,698 $ 159,408 Loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 15,189 $ — $ 22,286 $ 20,926 $ — $ 202 $ 28,367 $ — $ — $ 86,970 Collectively evaluated for impairment 4,770,991 2,113,135 4,125,243 1,411,532 406,849 667,726 190,731 73,141 — 13,759,348 Acquired and accounted for under ASC Topic 310-30 (1) 13,667 — 25,490 63,137 5,220 — 10,559 1,671 — 119,744 Total ending loans balance $ 4,799,847 $ 2,113,135 $ 4,173,019 $ 1,495,595 $ 412,069 $ 667,928 $ 229,657 $ 74,812 $ — $ 13,966,062 (1) Loans acquired in business combinations and accounted for under ASC Topic 310-30 “Receivables — Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality.” Purchased loans acquired in a business combination are recorded at estimated fair value on their purchase date without a carryover of the related allowance for loan and lease losses. These acquired loans are segregated into three types: pass rated loans with no discount attributable to credit quality, non-impaired loans with a discount attributable at least in part to credit quality, and impaired loans with evidence of significant credit deterioration. • Pass rated loans (typically performing loans) are accounted for in accordance with ASC Topic 310-20 "Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs" as these loans do not have evidence of credit deterioration since origination. • Non-impaired loans (typically performing substandard loans) are accounted for in accordance with ASC Topic 310-30 if they display at least some level of credit deterioration since origination. • Impaired loans (typically substandard loans on non-accrual status) are accounted for in accordance with ASC Topic 310-30 as they display significant credit deterioration since origination. For pass rated loans (non-purchased credit-impaired loans), the difference between the estimated fair value of the loans and the principal outstanding is accreted over the remaining life of the loans. In accordance with ASC 310-30, for both purchased non-impaired loans and purchased credit-impaired loans, the loans are pooled by loan type and the difference between contractually required payments at acquisition and the cash flows expected to be collected is referred to as the non-accretable difference. Further, any excess of cash flows expected at acquisition over the estimated fair value is referred to as the accretable yield and is recognized into interest income over the remaining life of the loan pools when there is a reasonable expectation about the amount and timing of such cash flows. Substantially all of the loans acquired in FDIC-assisted transactions displayed at least some level of credit deterioration and as such are included as non-impaired and impaired loans as described immediately above. Changes in the accretable yield for loans acquired and accounted for under ASC Topic 310-30 were as follows for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2018 2017 Balance at beginning of period $ 12,069 $ 16,050 Purchases — 43 Accretion (8,270 ) (12,500 ) Other (1) 2,125 8,476 Balance at end of period $ 5,924 $ 12,069 (1) Primarily includes discount transfers from non-accretable discount to accretable discount due to better than expected performance of loan pools acquired and accounted for under ASC Topic 310-30. In our FDIC-assisted transactions, the fair value of purchased credit-impaired loans, on the acquisition date, was determined based on assigned risk ratings, expected cash flows and the fair value of loan collateral. The fair value of loans that were non-impaired was determined based on estimates of losses on defaults and other market factors. Due to the loss-share agreements with the FDIC, we recorded a receivable (FDIC indemnification asset) from the FDIC equal to the present value of the corresponding reimbursement percentages on the estimated losses embedded in the loan portfolio. For other loans acquired through business combinations, the fair value of purchased credit-impaired loans, on the acquisition date, was determined based on assigned risk ratings, expected cash flows and the fair value of loan collateral. The fair value of loans that were non-impaired was determined based on estimates of losses on defaults and other market factors. Loans acquired through a business combination by loan pool type were as follows as of dates indicated (in thousands): Purchased Purchased Non-Credit-Impaired Total December 31, 2018 Covered loans (1) : Consumer related $ 12,071 $ — $ 12,071 Non covered loans: Commercial loans $ 7,245 $ 101,971 $ 109,216 Commercial loans collateralized by assignment of lease payments — 12,324 12,324 Commercial real estate 20,725 460,368 481,093 Construction real estate 3,020 1,587 4,607 Consumer related 4,412 197,377 201,789 Total non-covered loans 35,402 773,627 809,029 Total acquired $ 47,473 $ 773,627 $ 821,100 December 31, 2017 Covered loans (1) : Consumer related $ 14,898 $ — $ 14,898 Non covered loans: Commercial loans $ 13,667 $ 254,027 $ 267,694 Commercial loans collateralized by assignment of lease payments — 35,163 35,163 Commercial real estate 25,490 776,939 802,429 Construction real estate 5,220 5,660 10,880 Consumer related 4,720 276,023 280,743 Total non-covered loans 49,097 1,347,812 1,396,909 Total acquired $ 63,995 $ 1,347,812 $ 1,411,807 (1) Covered loans refer to loans covered under loss-sharing agreements with the FDIC. The remaining loss-share agreements were scheduled to expire between 2019 and 2020. Subsequent to December 31, 2018, the Company exited the loss-share agreements with the FDIC. See Note 25. Subsequent Events. In addition to loans acquired through a business com |