| Six Months Ended | Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| June 30, 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | ||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions, except ratios) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pre-tax income before adjustment for non-controlling interests | $ | 2,699 | $ | 4,952 | $ | 5,082 | $ | 4,502 | $ | 3,932 | $ | 2,746 | |||||||||||
| Loss attributable to non-controlling interests and equity investments | 9 | 89 | 27 | 37 | 25 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||
| Add: Fixed charges | 43 | 63 | 50 | 20 | 25 | 29 | |||||||||||||||||
| Earnings | $ | 2,751 | $ | 5,104 | $ | 5,159 | $ | 4,559 | $ | 3,982 | $ | 2,793 | |||||||||||
| Fixed charges: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | $ | 42 | $ | 61 | $ | 48 | $ | 14 | $ | 20 | $ | 25 | |||||||||||
Portion of rental expense under operating leases deemed to be the equivalent of interest 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 5 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total fixed charges | $ | 43 | $ | 63 | $ | 50 | $ | 20 | $ | 25 | $ | 29 | |||||||||||
| Ratio of earnings to fixed charges | 64.0 | 81.0 | 103.2 | 228.0 | 159.3 | 96.3 | |||||||||||||||||
