Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses | Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses The following table presents the Company’s composition of loans as of the dates stated. All lending decisions are based upon a thorough evaluation of the financial strength and credit history of the borrower and the quality and value of the collateral securing the loan. The Company makes owner-occupied real estate ("OORE") loans, which are secured in part by the real estate that is generally the offices or production facilities of the borrower. In some cases, the real estate is not held by the commercial enterprise, rather it is owned by the principals of the business or an entity controlled by the principals. The Company classifies OORE loans as commercial and industrial, as the primary source of repayment of the loan is generally dependent on the financial performance of the commercial enterprise occupying the property, with the real estate being a secondary source of repayment. All periods presented herein reflect this classification. The Company holds GSLs, which were purchased by Legacy Xenith in 2013 and acquired by the Company in the Merger. These loans were originated under the Federal Family Education Loan Program ("FFELP"), authorized by the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended. Pursuant to the FFELP, the student loans are substantially guaranteed by a guaranty agency and reinsured by the U.S. Department of Education. The purchased loans were also part of the Federal Rehabilitated Loan Program, under which borrowers on defaulted loans have the one-time opportunity to bring their loans current. These loans, which are then owned by an agency guarantor, are brought current and sold to approved lenders. The Company has an agreement with a third-party servicer of student loans to provide all day-to-day operational requirements for the servicing of the loans. The GSLs carry a nearly 98% guarantee of principal and accrued interest. In allocating the consideration paid in the Merger, the Company recorded a fair value adjustment for GSLs reducing the carrying amount in the loan portfolio to a carrying value that approximates the guaranteed portion of the loans. December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Commercial & Industrial $ 895,952 $ 465,746 Construction 257,712 141,208 Commercial real estate 585,727 423,468 Residential real estate 405,291 347,336 Consumer 274,008 161,918 Guaranteed student loans 44,043 — Deferred loan fees and related costs 1,323 (724 ) Total loans $ 2,464,056 $ 1,538,952 As of December 31, 2016, the Company had $625.0 million of loans pledged to the FRB and the FHLB as collateral for borrowings. Allowance for Loan Losses The following table presents the allowance for loan loss activity, by loan category, for the periods stated: December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Balance at beginning of period $ 23,157 $ 26,997 Charge-offs: Commercial & Industrial 6,594 4,575 Construction 8,076 2,046 Commercial real estate 767 103 Residential real estate 2,299 924 Consumer 48 113 Guaranteed student loans — — Overdrafts 134 158 Total charge-offs 17,918 7,919 Recoveries: Commercial & Industrial 2,969 1,334 Construction 1,264 1,032 Commercial real estate 392 456 Residential real estate 715 580 Consumer 32 51 Guaranteed student loans — — Overdrafts — — Total recoveries 5,372 3,453 Net charge-offs 12,546 4,466 Provision for loan losses 11,329 626 Balance at end of period $ 21,940 $ 23,157 The following tables present the allowance for loan losses, with the amount independently and collectively evaluated for impairment, and loan balances, by loan type, as of the dates stated: December 31, 2016 Individually Evaluated Collectively Evaluated Total Amount for Impairment for Impairment Allowance for loan losses applicable to: Purchased credit-impaired loans Commercial & Industrial $ — $ — $ — Construction — — — Commercial real estate — — — Residential real estate — — — Consumer — — — Total purchased credit-impaired loans — — — Originated and other purchased loans Commercial & Industrial 5,816 3,327 2,489 Construction 1,551 161 1,390 Commercial real estate 2,410 734 1,676 Residential real estate 5,205 1,275 3,930 Consumer 1,967 606 1,361 Guaranteed student loans — — — Unallocated qualitative 4,991 — 4,991 Total originated and other purchased loans 21,940 6,103 15,837 Total allowance for loan losses $ 21,940 $ 6,103 $ 15,837 Loan balances applicable to: Purchased credit-impaired loans Commercial & Industrial $ 897 $ 897 $ — Construction 992 992 — Commercial real estate 1,090 1,090 — Residential real estate 2,122 2,122 — Consumer 55 55 — Total purchased credit-impaired loans 5,156 5,156 — Originated and other purchased loans Commercial & Industrial 895,055 24,052 871,003 Construction 256,720 7,982 248,738 Commercial real estate 584,637 9,184 575,453 Residential real estate 403,169 12,637 390,532 Consumer 273,953 1,551 272,402 Guaranteed student loans 44,043 — 44,043 Deferred loan fees and related costs 1,323 — 1,323 Total originated and other purchased loans 2,458,900 55,406 2,403,494 Total loans $ 2,464,056 $ 60,562 $ 2,403,494 December 31, 2015 Individually Evaluated Collectively Evaluated Total Amount for Impairment for Impairment Allowance for loan losses applicable to: Purchased credit-impaired loans Commercial & Industrial $ — $ — $ — Construction — — — Commercial real estate — — — Residential real estate — — — Consumer — — — Total purchased credit-impaired loans — — — Originated and other purchased loans Commercial & Industrial 5,925 1,593 4,332 Construction 3,339 951 2,388 Commercial real estate 3,952 640 3,312 Residential real estate 7,501 2,175 5,326 Consumer 840 88 752 Guaranteed student loans — — — Unallocated qualitative 1,600 — 1,600 Total originated and other purchased loans 23,157 5,447 17,710 Total allowance for loan losses $ 23,157 $ 5,447 $ 17,710 Loan balances applicable to: Purchased credit-impaired loans Commercial & Industrial $ — $ — $ — Construction — — — Commercial real estate — — — Residential real estate — — — Consumer — — — Total purchased credit-impaired loans — — — Originated and other purchased loans Commercial & Industrial 465,746 23,505 442,241 Construction 141,208 21,092 120,116 Commercial real estate 423,468 8,647 414,821 Residential real estate 347,336 12,532 334,804 Consumer 161,918 98 161,820 Guaranteed student loans — — — Deferred loan fees and related costs (724 ) — (724 ) Total originated and other purchased loans 1,538,952 65,874 1,473,078 Total loans $ 1,538,952 $ 65,874 $ 1,473,078 The following tables present the loans that were individually evaluated for impairment, by loan type, as of the dates stated. The tables present those loans with and without an allowance for loan losses and various additional data as of the dates stated: December 31, 2016 Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance With no related allowance recorded: Purchased credit-impaired loans Commercial & Industrial $ 897 $ 1,298 $ — Construction 992 1,448 — Commercial real estate 1,090 1,520 — Residential real estate 2,122 2,989 — Consumer 55 92 — Originated and other purchased loans Commercial & Industrial 12,809 14,185 — Construction 7,078 16,327 — Commercial real estate 7,131 9,214 — Residential real estate 7,038 7,816 — Consumer 8 28 — With an allowance recorded: Purchased credit-impaired loans Commercial & Industrial — — — Construction — — — Commercial real estate — — — Residential real estate — — — Consumer — — — Originated and other purchased loans Commercial & Industrial 11,243 16,297 3,327 Construction 904 1,054 161 Commercial real estate 2,053 2,053 734 Residential real estate 5,599 5,631 1,275 Consumer 1,543 1,546 606 Total loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 60,562 $ 81,498 $ 6,103 December 31, 2015 Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance With no related allowance recorded: Purchased credit-impaired loans Commercial & Industrial $ — $ — $ — Construction — — — Commercial real estate — — — Residential real estate — — — Consumer — — — Originated and other purchased loans Commercial & Industrial 14,044 14,924 — Construction 14,913 16,485 — Commercial real estate 2,879 3,048 — Residential real estate 5,125 5,985 — Consumer 10 31 — With an allowance recorded: Purchased credit-impaired loans Commercial & Industrial — — — Construction — — — Commercial real estate — — — Residential real estate — — — Consumer — — — Originated and other purchased loans Commercial & Industrial 9,461 9,461 1,593 Construction 6,179 6,179 951 Commercial real estate 5,768 7,268 640 Residential real estate 7,407 7,563 2,175 Consumer 88 88 88 Total loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 65,874 $ 71,032 $ 5,447 December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized With no related allowance recorded: Purchased credit-impaired loans Commercial & Industrial $ 919 $ 2 $ — $ — Construction 1,634 11 — — Commercial real estate 1,289 24 — — Residential real estate 2,194 17 — — Consumer 57 1 — — Originated and other purchased loans Commercial & Industrial 13,176 303 14,488 348 Construction 10,543 206 15,072 — Commercial real estate 7,542 269 3,973 62 Residential real estate 7,615 14 5,987 53 Consumer 14 — 15 — With an allowance recorded: Purchased credit-impaired loans Commercial & Industrial — — — — Construction — — — — Commercial real estate — — — — Residential real estate — — — — Consumer — — — — Originated and other purchased loans Commercial & Industrial 11,018 203 9,739 194 Construction 933 9 6,282 194 Commercial real estate 2,123 12 6,024 200 Residential real estate 5,333 173 7,707 198 Consumer 1,565 — 60 — Total loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 65,955 $ 1,244 $ 69,347 $ 1,249 The following table presents accretion of acquired loan discounts for the periods stated. The amount of accretion recognized in the periods is dependent on discounts recorded to reflect acquired loans at their estimated fair values as of the date of the Merger. The amount of accretion recognized within a period is based on many factors, including, among other factors, loan prepayments and curtailments; therefore, amounts recognized are subject to volatility. December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Balance at beginning of period $ — $ — Additions 12,477 — Accretion (1) (2,921 ) — Disposals (2) (526 ) — Balance at end of period $ 9,030 $ — _______________________ (1) Accretion amounts are reported in interest income. (2) Disposals represent the reduction of purchase accounting adjustments due to the resolution of acquired loans at amounts less than the contractually-owed receivable. Of the $12.5 million fair value adjustment recorded as part of the Merger, $3.2 million was related to $9.9 million of purchased credit-impaired loans. The remaining carrying value and fair value adjustment on the purchased credit-impaired loans as of December 31, 2016 was $5.2 million and $2.2 million , respectively. Management believes the allowance for loan losses as of December 31, 2016 is adequate to absorb losses inherent in the Company's loan portfolio. Impaired Loans Total impaired loans were $60.6 million and $65.9 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. In determining the estimated fair value of collateral dependent impaired loans, the Company uses third-party appraisals and, if necessary, utilizes a proprietary database of its historical property appraisals in conjunction with external data and applies a relevant discount derived from analysis of appraisals of similar property type, vintage and geographic location (for example, in situations where the most recent available appraisal is aged and an updated appraisal has not yet be received). Collateral dependent impaired loans were $50.2 million and $60.5 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and are measured at the fair value of the underlying collateral less disposal costs. Impaired loans for which no allowance is provided totaled $39.2 million and $37.0 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Loans written down to their estimated fair value of collateral less costs to sell account for $8.1 million and $18.6 million of the impaired loans for which no allowance has been provided as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Nonperforming Assets Nonperforming assets consist of nonaccrual loans and other real estate owned and repossessed assets. As of December 31, 2016 , the Company had no loans other than GSLs that were past due greater than 90 days and accruing interest. The carrying value of GSLs is substantially fully guaranteed by the federal government as to principal and accrued interest. Pursuant to the guarantee, the Company may make a claim for payment on the loan after a period of 270 days during which no payment has been made on the loan. Payments of principal and interest are guaranteed up to the date of payment under the guarantee. The following table presents nonperforming assets as of the dates stated: December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Purchased credit-impaired loans: Commercial & Industrial $ 897 $ — Construction 992 — Commercial real estate 1,090 — Residential real estate 1,549 — Consumer 39 — Total purchased credit-impaired loans 4,567 — Originated and other purchased loans: Commercial & Industrial 11,805 10,118 Construction 2,830 15,729 Commercial real estate 3,686 3,308 Residential real estate 7,931 6,259 Consumer 1,551 98 Total originated and other purchased loans 27,803 35,512 Total nonaccrual loans 32,370 35,512 Other real estate owned 5,345 12,409 Total nonperforming assets $ 37,715 $ 47,921 A reconciliation of nonaccrual loans to impaired loans as of the dates stated: December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Nonaccrual loans $ 32,370 $ 35,512 TDRs on accrual 27,603 28,939 Impaired loans on accrual 589 1,423 Total impaired loans $ 60,562 $ 65,874 The following table presents a rollforward of nonaccrual loans for the period stated, which includes $4.4 million of loans acquired in the Merger categorized as transfers in. Commercial & Industrial Construction Commercial real estate Residential real estate Consumer Total Balance at December 31, 2015 $ 10,118 $ 15,729 $ 3,308 $ 6,259 $ 98 $ 35,512 Transfers in 12,691 1,795 4,017 9,217 1,758 29,478 Transfers to other real estate owned (623 ) (3,242 ) (172 ) (724 ) — (4,761 ) Charge-offs (6,594 ) (8,076 ) (767 ) (2,299 ) (182 ) (17,918 ) Payments (2,928 ) (2,610 ) (1,272 ) (1,911 ) (123 ) (8,844 ) Return to accrual (48 ) — (221 ) (828 ) — (1,097 ) Loan type reclassification 86 226 (117 ) (234 ) 39 — Balance at December 31, 2016 $ 12,702 $ 3,822 $ 4,776 $ 9,480 $ 1,590 $ 32,370 Age Analysis of Past Due Loans The following presents an age analysis of loans as of the dates stated: December 31, 2016 30-89 days 90+ days Total Total Current Past Due Past Due Past Due Loans Purchased credit-impaired loans: Commercial & Industrial $ 145 $ 11 $ 741 $ 752 $ 897 Construction 774 181 37 218 992 Commercial real estate 1,090 — — — 1,090 Residential real estate 1,261 297 564 861 2,122 Consumer 16 — 39 39 55 Total purchased credit-impaired loans 3,286 489 1,381 1,870 5,156 Originated and other purchased loans: Commercial & Industrial 883,531 1,714 9,810 11,524 895,055 Construction 254,058 53 2,609 2,662 256,720 Commercial real estate 580,355 2,911 1,371 4,282 584,637 Residential real estate 395,579 5,124 2,466 7,590 403,169 Consumer 272,147 1,630 176 1,806 273,953 Guaranteed student loans 30,909 5,562 7,572 13,134 44,043 Deferred loan fees and related costs 1,323 — — — 1,323 Total originated and other purchased loans 2,417,902 16,994 24,004 40,998 2,458,900 Total loans $ 2,421,188 $ 17,483 $ 25,385 $ 42,868 $ 2,464,056 December 31, 2015 30-89 days 90+ days Total Total Current Past Due Past Due Past Due Loans Purchased credit-impaired loans: Commercial & Industrial $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Construction — — — — — Commercial real estate — — — — — Residential real estate — — — — — Consumer — — — — — Total purchased credit-impaired loans — — — — — Originated and other purchased loans: Commercial & Industrial 451,776 2,699 11,271 13,970 465,746 Construction 137,147 3,514 547 4,061 141,208 Commercial real estate 422,691 686 91 777 423,468 Residential real estate 329,338 2,485 15,513 17,998 347,336 Consumer 161,909 6 3 9 161,918 Guaranteed student loans — — — — — Deferred loan fees and related costs (724 ) — — — (724 ) Total originated and other purchased loans 1,502,137 9,390 27,425 36,815 1,538,952 Total loans $ 1,502,137 $ 9,390 $ 27,425 $ 36,815 $ 1,538,952 Credit Quality The following tables present information about the credit quality of the loan portfolio using the Company’s internal rating system as an indicator as of the dates stated: December 31, 2016 Special Pass Substandard Total Purchased credit-impaired loans: Commercial & Industrial $ — $ — $ 897 $ 897 Construction — — 992 992 Commercial real estate — — 1,090 1,090 Residential real estate — — 2,122 2,122 Consumer — — 55 55 Total purchased credit-impaired loans — — 5,156 5,156 Originated and other purchased loans: Commercial & Industrial 873,180 9,391 12,484 895,055 Construction 247,335 6,460 2,925 256,720 Commercial real estate 571,781 3,689 9,167 584,637 Residential real estate 366,940 21,646 14,583 403,169 Consumer 270,919 1,467 1,567 273,953 Guaranteed student loans 44,043 — — 44,043 Deferred loan fees and related costs 1,323 — — 1,323 Total originated and other purchased loans 2,375,521 42,653 40,726 2,458,900 Total loans $ 2,375,521 $ 42,653 $ 45,882 $ 2,464,056 December 31, 2015 Special Pass Substandard Total Purchased credit-impaired loans: Commercial & Industrial $ — $ — $ — $ — Construction — — — — Commercial real estate — — — — Residential real estate — — — — Consumer — — — — Total purchased credit-impaired loans — — — — Originated and other purchased loans: Commercial & Industrial 441,376 11,199 13,171 465,746 Construction 118,218 7,260 15,730 141,208 Commercial real estate 404,093 7,632 11,743 423,468 Residential real estate 315,200 18,338 13,798 347,336 Consumer 160,708 1,055 155 161,918 Guaranteed student loans — — — — Deferred loan fees and related costs (724 ) — — (724 ) Total originated and other purchased loans 1,438,871 45,484 54,597 1,538,952 Total loans $ 1,438,871 $ 45,484 $ 54,597 $ 1,538,952 Troubled Debt Restructurings Loans meeting the criteria to be classified as TDRs are included in impaired loans. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, loans classified as TDRs were $28.9 million and $30.8 million , respectively. The following table presents the number of and recorded investment in loans classified as TDRs by management as of the dates stated: December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Recorded Recorded Number of Contracts Number of Contracts Commercial & Industrial 13 $ 13,067 14 $ 14,253 Construction 5 5,225 4 5,440 Commercial real estate 7 5,498 7 5,577 Residential real estate 14 5,082 15 5,483 Consumer — — — — Total 39 $ 28,872 40 $ 30,753 Of TDRs, amounts totaling $27.6 million were accruing and $1.3 million were nonaccruing at December 31, 2016 , and $28.9 million were accruing and $1.8 million were nonaccruing at December 31, 2015 . Loans classified as TDRs that are on nonaccrual status at the time of the restructuring generally remain on nonaccrual status for approximately six months before management considers whether such loans may return to accrual status. Loans classified as TDRs in nonaccrual status may be returned to accrual status after a period of performance under which the borrower demonstrates the ability and willingness to repay the loan in accordance with the modified terms. For the year ended December 31, 2016 , two nonaccrual TDRs were returned to accrual status. The following table presents a rollforward of accruing and nonaccruing TDRs for the period stated: Accruing Nonaccruing Total Balance at December 31, 2015 $ 28,939 $ 1,814 $ 30,753 Charge-offs — — — Payments (1,894 ) (713 ) (2,607 ) New TDR designation 117 609 726 Release TDR designation — — — Transfer 441 (441 ) — Balance at December 31, 2016 $ 27,603 $ 1,269 $ 28,872 The following table presents performing and nonperforming loans identified as TDRs, by loan type, as of the dates stated: December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Performing TDRs: Commercial & Industrial $ 12,247 $ 13,387 Construction 5,152 5,363 Commercial real estate 5,498 5,339 Residential real estate 4,706 4,850 Consumer — — Total performing TDRs 27,603 28,939 Nonperforming TDRs: Commercial & Industrial 820 866 Construction 73 77 Commercial real estate — 238 Residential real estate 376 633 Consumer — — Total nonperforming TDRs 1,269 1,814 Total TDRs $ 28,872 $ 30,753 The allowance for loan losses allocated to TDRs was $705 thousand and $1.6 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. There were no TDRs charged off and there was no allocated portion of allowance for loan losses associated with TDRs charged off during the year ended December 31, 2016 . The total of TDRs charged off and the allocated portion of allowance for loan losses associated with TDRs charged off was $158 thousand and $135 thousand , respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2015 . The following table presents a summary of the primary reason and pre- and post-modification outstanding recorded investment for loan modifications that were classified as TDRs during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015. The table includes modifications made to existing TDRs as well as new modifications that are considered TDRs for the periods presented. TDRs made with a below market rate that also include a modification of loan structure are included under rate change. December 31, 2016 Rate Structure Number of Contracts Pre- Post- Number of Contracts Pre- Post- Commercial & Industrial — $ — $ — 2 $ 738 $ 638 Construction — — — 1 4 4 Commercial real estate — — — — — — Residential real estate — — — 1 84 84 Consumer — — — — — — Total — $ — $ — 4 $ 826 $ 726 December 31, 2015 Rate Structure Number of Contracts Pre- Post- Number of Contracts Pre- Post- Commercial & Industrial 2 $ 391 $ 391 1 $ 353 $ 353 Construction — — — — — — Commercial real estate — — — 5 5,719 5,144 Residential real estate — — — 2 1,499 1,499 Consumer — — — — — — Total 2 $ 391 $ 391 8 $ 7,571 $ 6,996 For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 , the Company had no loans for which there was a payment default and subsequent movement to nonaccrual status that were modified as TDRs. The Company had no commitments to lend additional funds to debtors owing receivables identified as TDRs at December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 . |