Loans | 9. Loans Loan balances include Rs. 665,906.2 million and Rs. 780,869.5 million (US$ 11,290.8 million) as of March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019, respectively, which have been provided as collateral for borrowings and are therefore restricted. Loans by facility as of March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019 were as follows: As of March 31, 2018 2019 2019 (In millions) Retail loans: Auto loans Rs. 885,234.7 Rs. 951,744.2 US$ 13,761.5 Personal loans/Credit cards 1,187,127.1 1,538,107.4 22,239.8 Retail business banking 1,305,219.8 1,478,317.8 21,375.3 Commercial vehicle and construction equipment finance 595,813.6 746,288.0 10,790.7 Housing loans 362,718.1 513,771.6 7,428.7 Other retail loans 877,251.3 1,009,674.6 14,599.1 Subtotal Rs. 5,213,364.6 Rs. 6,237,903.6 US$ 90,195.1 Wholesale loans Rs. 2,162,814.4 Rs. 2,873,561.0 US$ 41,549.6 Gross loans 7,376,179.0 9,111,464.6 131,744.7 Less: Allowance for credit losses 112,507.2 148,232.0 2,143.4 Total Rs. 7,263,671.8 Rs. 8,963,232.6 US$ 129,601.3 The maturity of gross loans as of March 31, 2019 is set out below: As of March 31, 2019 Wholesale loans Retail loans Total (In millions) Maturity profile of loans: Within one year Rs. 1,537,701.3 Rs. 1,911,646.9 Rs. 3,449,348.2 Over one year through five years 899,447.4 3,912,771.8 4,812,219.2 Over five years 436,412.3 413,484.9 849,897.2 Total gross loans Rs. 2,873,561.0 Rs. 6,237,903.6 Rs. 9,111,464.6 Total gross loans US$ 41,549.6 US$ 90,195.1 US$ 131,744.7 Gross loans analyzed by performance are as follows: As of March 31, 2018 2019 2019 (In millions) Performing Rs. 7,267,461.7 Rs. 8,971,042.1 US$ 129,714.3 Impaired 108,717.3 140,422.5 2,030.4 Total gross loans Rs. 7,376,179.0 Rs. 9,111,464.6 US$ 131,744.7 The following table provides details of age analysis of loans as of March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019. As of March 31, 2018 31-90 Impaired / Current 1,2 Total (In millions) Retail Loans Auto loans Rs. 4,384.5 Rs. 8,634.5 Rs. 872,215.7 Rs. 885,234.7 Personal loans/Credit card 8,179.1 10,150.9 1,168,797.1 1,187,127.1 Retail business banking 10,522.0 25,547.2 1,269,150.6 1,305,219.8 Commercial vehicle and construction equipment finance 7,324.9 6,968.1 581,520.6 595,813.6 Housing loans 25.9 1,899.5 360,792.7 362,718.1 Other retail 8,716.0 22,704.3 845,831.0 877,251.3 Wholesale loans 308.6 32,812.8 2,129,693.0 2,162,814.4 Total Rs. 39,461.0 Rs. 108,717.3 Rs. 7,228,000.7 Rs. 7,376,179.0 1) Loans up to 30 days past due are considered current 2) Includes crop related agricultural loans with days past due less than 366 as they are not considered as impaired Rs. 31.5 billion. As of March 31, 2019 31-90 Impaired / Current 1,2 Total (In millions) Retail Loans Auto loans Rs. 4,807.0 Rs. 13,606.7 Rs. 933,330.5 Rs. 951,744.2 Personal loans/Credit card 11,520.2 15,781.5 1,510,805.7 1,538,107.4 Retail business banking 9,087.9 29,945.0 1,439,284.9 1,478,317.8 Commercial vehicle and construction equipment finance 9,225.0 11,254.9 725,808.1 746,288.0 Housing loans 23.6 2,157.1 511,590.9 513,771.6 Other retail 9,480.1 29,523.6 970,670.9 1,009,674.6 Wholesale loans 202.9 38,153.7 2,835,204.4 2,873,561.0 Total Rs. 44,346.7 Rs. 140,422.5 Rs. 8,926,695.4 Rs. 9,111,464.6 Total US$ 641.2 US$ 2,030.4 US$ 129,073.1 US$ 131,744.7 1) Loans up to 30 days past due are considered current 2) Includes crop related agricultural loans with days past due less than 366 as they are not considered as impaired Rs. 34.0 billion. The Bank has a credit risk mitigating/monitoring mechanism which is comprised of target market definitions, credit approval process, post-disbursement monitoring and remedial management procedures. For wholesale credit risk in addition to the credit approval process the Bank has an approved framework for the review and approval of credit ratings. Credit Policies and Procedures articulate credit risk strategy and thereby the approach for credit origination, approval and maintenance. The Credit Policies generally address such areas as target markets, portfolio mix, prudential exposure ceilings, concentration limits, price and non-price For retail credit, the policy and approval processes are designed for the fact that the Bank has high volumes of relatively homogeneous, small value transactions in retail loans. There are product programs for each of these products, which define the target markets, credit philosophy and process, detailed underwriting criteria for evaluating individual credits, exception reporting systems and individual loan exposure caps. The quantitative parameters considered include income, residence stability, the nature of the employment/business, while the qualitative parameters include accessibility, contractibility and profile. The credit policies/product programs are based on a statistical analysis of the Bank’s experience and industry data, in combination with the judgment of the Bank’s senior officers. The Bank mines data on its borrower account behavior as well as static data regularly to monitor the portfolio performance of each product segment and use these as inputs in revising the Bank’s product programs, target market definitions and credit assessment criteria to meet the Bank’s twin objectives of combining volume growth and maintenance of asset quality. As an integral part of the credit process, the Bank has a credit rating model appropriate to its wholesale and retail credit segments. The Bank monitors credit quality within its segments based on primary credit quality indicators. This internal grading is updated at least annually. The amount of purchased financing receivable outstanding as of March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019 is Rs. 364,113.0 and Rs. 514,756.0, respectively. Retail Loans Credit quality indicator based on payment activity as of March 31, 2018 and as of March 31, 2019 is given below: As of March 31, 2018 Auto loans Personal loans/ Retail business Commercial Housing loans Other retail Total (In millions) Performing Rs. 876,600.2 Rs. 1,176,976.2 Rs. 1,279,672.6 Rs. 588,845.5 Rs. 360,818.6 Rs. 854,547.0 Rs. 5,137,460.1 Impaired 8,634.5 10,150.9 25,547.2 6,968.1 1,899.5 22,704.3 75,904.5 Total Rs. 885,234.7 Rs. 1,187,127.1 Rs. 1,305,219.8 Rs. 595,813.6 Rs. 362,718.1 Rs. 877,251.3 Rs. 5,213,364.6 As of March 31, 2019 Auto loans Personal loans/ Retail business Commercial Housing loans Other retail Total (In millions) Performing Rs. 938,137.5 Rs. 1,522,325.9 Rs. 1,448,372.8 Rs. 735,033.1 Rs. 511,614.5 Rs. 980,151.0 Rs. 6,135,634.8 Impaired 13,606.7 15,781.5 29,945.0 11,254.9 2,157.1 29,523.6 102,268.8 Total Rs. 951,744.2 Rs. 1,538,107.4 Rs. 1,478,317.8 Rs. 746,288.0 Rs. 513,771.6 Rs. 1,009,674.6 Rs. 6,237,903.6 Total US$ 13,761.5 US$ 22,239.8 US$ 21,375.3 US$ 10,790.7 US$ 7,428.7 US$ 14,599.1 US$ 90,195.1 Wholesale Loans The Bank has in place a process of grading each borrower according to its financial health and the performance of its business and each borrower is graded as pass/labeled/impaired. Wholesale loans that are not impaired are disclosed as pass or labeled and considered to be performing. Labeled loans are those with evidence of weakness where such exposures indicate deteriorating trends which if not corrected could adversely impact repayment of the obligations. The Bank’s model assesses the overall risk over four major categories – industry risk, business risk, management risk and financial risk. The inputs in each of the categories are combined to provide an aggregate numerical rating, which is a function of the aggregate weighted scores based on the assessment under each of these four risk categories. As of March 31, 2018 2019 2019 (In millions) Credit quality indicators-Internally assigned grade and payment activity Pass Rs. 2,116,499.3 Rs. 2,834,466.7 US$ 40,984.2 Labeled 13,502.3 940.6 13.7 Impaired 32,812.8 38,153.7 551.7 Total Rs. 2,162,814.4 Rs. 2,873,561.0 US$ 41,549.6 Impaired loans are those for which the Bank believes that it is probable that it will not collect all amounts due according to the original contractual terms of the loans and includes troubled debt restructuring. The following table provides details of impaired loans as of March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019. As of March 31, 2018 Recorded Unpaid Related Average recorded Finance receivable on non-accrual status (In millions) Retail Loans Auto loans Rs. 8,634.5 Rs. 8,634.5 Rs. 3,682.2 Rs. 7,370.1 Rs. 8,634.5 Personal loans/Credit card 10,150.9 10,150.9 6,182.6 8,309.2 10,150.9 Retail business banking 25,547.2 25,547.2 18,709.4 23,303.7 25,547.2 Commercial vehicle and construction equipment finance 6,968.1 6,968.1 4,806.1 6,527.4 6,968.1 Housing loans 1,899.5 1,899.5 974.4 1,788.9 1,899.5 Other retail 22,704.3 22,704.3 12,922.8 17,005.2 22,704.3 Wholesale loans 32,812.8 32,812.8 15,323.0 31,544.3 32,812.8 Total Rs. 108,717.3 Rs. 108,717.3 Rs. 62,600.5 Rs. 95,848.8 Rs. 108,717.3 As of March 31, 2019 Recorded Unpaid Related Average recorded Finance receivable on non-accrual status (In millions) Retail Loans Auto loans Rs. 13,606.7 Rs. 13,606.7 Rs. 6,169.0 Rs. 11,120.6 Rs. 13,606.7 Personal loans/Credit card 15,781.5 15,781.5 9,694.0 12,966.2 15,781.5 Retail business banking 29,945.0 29,945.0 21,595.3 27,746.1 29,945.0 Commercial vehicle and construction equipment finance 11,254.9 11,254.9 6,544.8 9,111.5 11,254.9 Housing loans 2,157.1 2,157.1 1,105.2 2,028.3 2,157.1 Other retail 29,523.6 29,523.6 20,441.5 26,114.0 29,523.6 Wholesale loans 38,153.7 38,153.7 20,233.2 35,483.3 38,153.7 Total Rs. 140,422.5 Rs. 140,422.5 Rs. 85,783.0 Rs. 124,570.0 Rs. 140,422.5 Total US$ 2,030.4 US$ 2,030.4 US$ 1,240.4 US$ 1,801.2 US$ 2,030.4 Impaired loans by industry as of March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019 are as follows: As of March 31, 2018 (In millions) Gross impaired loans by industry: —Wholesale Trade- Non Industrial Rs. 15,239.0 —Consumer Loans 15,236.4 —Agriculture Production—Food 12,227.0 —Food and Beverage 7,007.4 —Retail Trade 6,279.0 —Agri-Allied 6,184.0 —Others (none greater than 5% of impaired loans) 46,544.5 Total Rs. 108,717.3 As of March 31, 2019 (In millions) Gross impaired loans by industry: — Consumer Loans Rs. 22,513.7 US$ 325.5 — Agriculture Production—Food 18,915.0 273.5 —Wholesale Trade- Non Industrial 15,856.7 229.3 —Food and Beverage 8,577.3 124.0 —Retail Trade 7,767.0 112.3 —Others (none greater than 5% of impaired loans) 66,792.8 965.8 Total Rs. 140,422.5 US$ 2,030.4 Summary information relating to impaired loans during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019 is as follows: Fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 2018 2019 2019 (In millions) Average impaired loans, net of allowance Rs. 29,612.1 Rs. 41,683.2 Rs. 50,378.2 US$ 728.4 Interest income recognized on impaired loans Rs. 3,472.7 Rs. 7,433.7 Rs. 6,994.7 US$ 101.1 Allowances for credit losses as of March 31, 2017 are as follows: As of March 31, 2017 Specific Unallocated Retail Auto loans Personal Retail Commercial Housing Other Wholesale Retail Wholesale Total (In millions) Allowance for credit losses, beginning of the period Rs. 2,101.1 Rs. 2,638.6 Rs. 10,617.5 Rs. 3,876.7 Rs. 410.4 Rs. 3,950.4 Rs. 7,413.4 Rs. 22,548.6 Rs. 3,803.4 Rs. 57,360.1 Write-offs (5,155.0 ) (11,639.3 ) (1,453.4 ) (3,227.4 ) (32.9 ) (2,793.5 ) (2,261.7 ) 0.0 0.0 (26,563.2 ) Net allowance for credit losses* 5,846.8 13,040.7 6,114.3 3,749.2 361.8 5,610.6 6,561.8 5,562.0 852.8 47,700.0 Allowance for credit losses, end of the period Rs. 2,792.9 Rs. 4,040.0 Rs. 15,278.4 Rs. 4,398.5 Rs. 739.3 Rs. 6,767.5 Rs. 11,713.5 Rs. 28,110.6 Rs. 4,656.2 Rs. 78,496.9 Allowance for credit losses: Allowance individually evaluated for impairment Rs. 0.0 Rs. 0.0 Rs. 0.0 Rs. 0.0 Rs. 0.0 Rs. 0.0 Rs. 11,713.5 Rs. 0.0 Rs. 0.0 Rs. 11,713.5 Allowance collectively evaluated for impairment 2,792.9 4,040.0 15,278.4 4,398.5 739.3 6,767.5 0.0 28,110.6 4,656.2 66,783.4 Loans: Loans individually evaluated for impairment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,275.7 0.0 0.0 30,275.7 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 6,105.6 6,467.4 21,060.1 6,086.6 1,678.2 11,306.1 0.0 3,996,257.3 1,909,672.7 5,958,634.0 * Net allowances for credit losses charged to expense does not include the recoveries against write-off Allowance for credit losses as of March 31, 2018 are as follows: As of March 31, 2018 Specific Unallocated Retail Auto loans Personal Retail Commercial Housing Other Wholesale Retail Wholesale Total (In millions) Allowance for credit losses, beginning of the period Rs. 2,792.9 Rs. 4,040.0 Rs. 15,278.4 Rs. 4,398.5 Rs. 739.3 Rs. 6,767.5 Rs. 11,713.5 Rs. 28,110.6 Rs. 4,656.2 Rs. 78,496.9 Write-offs (6,826.4 ) (16,714.3 ) (5,730.0 ) (3,644.0 ) (61.5 ) (4,557.4 ) (444.7 ) 0.0 0.0 (37,978.3 ) Net allowance for credit losses* 7,715.7 18,856.9 9,161.0 4,051.6 296.6 10,712.7 4,054.2 14,036.8 3,103.1 71,988.6 Allowance for credit losses, end of the period Rs. 3,682.2 Rs. 6,182.6 Rs. 18,709.4 Rs. 4,806.1 Rs. 974.4 Rs. 12,922.8 Rs. 15,323.0 Rs. 42,147.4 Rs. 7,759.3 Rs. 112,507.2 Allowance for credit losses: Allowance individually evaluated for impairment Rs. 0.0 Rs. 0.0 Rs. 0.0 Rs. 0.0 Rs. 0.0 Rs. 0.0 Rs. 15,323.0 Rs. 0.0 Rs. 0.0 Rs. 15,323.0 Allowance collectively evaluated for impairment 3,682.2 6,182.6 18,709.4 4,806.1 974.4 12,922.8 0.0 42,147.4 7,759.3 97,184.2 Loans: Loans individually evaluated for impairment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32,812.8 0.0 0.0 32,812.8 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 8,634.5 10,150.9 25,547.2 6,968.1 1,899.5 22,704.3 0.0 5,137,460.1 2,130,001.6 7,343,366.2 * Net allowances for credit losses charged to expense does not include the recoveries against write-off Allowances for credit losses as of March 31, 2019 are as follows: As of March 31, 2019 Specific Unallocated Retail Auto loans Personal Retail Commercial Housing Other Wholesale Retail Wholesale Total Total (In millions) Allowance for credit losses, beginning of the period Rs. 3,682.2 Rs. 6,182.6 Rs. 18,709.4 Rs. 4,806.1 Rs. 974.4 Rs. 12,922.8 Rs. 15,323.0 Rs. 42,147.4 Rs. 7,759.3 Rs. 112,507.2 US$ 1,626.8 Write-offs (9,155.3 ) (25,197.0 ) (6,665.5 ) (4,812.8 ) (93.3 ) (5,652.0 ) (1,755.7 ) 0.0 0.0 (53,331.6 ) (771.1 ) Net allowance for credit losses* 11,642.1 28,708.4 9,551.4 6,551.5 224.1 13,170.7 6,665.9 10,793.7 1,748.6 89,056.4 1,287.7 Allowance for credit losses, end of the period Rs. 6,169.0 Rs. 9,694.0 Rs. 21,595.3 Rs. 6,544.8 Rs. 1,105.2 Rs. 20,441.5 Rs. 20,233.2 Rs. 52,941.1 Rs. 9,507.9 Rs. 148,232.0 US$ 2,143.4 Allowance for credit losses: Allowance individually evaluated for impairment Rs. 0.0 Rs. 0.0 Rs. 0.0 Rs. 0.0 Rs. 0.0 Rs. 0.0 Rs. 20,233.2 Rs. 0.0 Rs. 0.0 Rs. 20,233.2 US$ 292.6 Allowance collectively evaluated for impairment 6,169.0 9,694.0 21,595.3 6,544.8 1,105.2 20,441.5 0.0 52,941.1 9,507.9 127,998.8 1,850.8 Loans: Loans individually evaluated for impairment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,153.7 0.0 0.0 38,153.7 551.7 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 13,606.7 15,781.5 29,945.0 11,254.9 2,157.1 29,523.6 0.0 6,135,634.8 2,835,407.3 9,073,310.9 131,193.0 * Net allowances for credit losses charged to expense does not include the recoveries against write-off The unallocated allowance is assessed at each period end and the increase/(decrease), as the case may be is recorded in the income statement under allowances for credit losses. There is no transfer of amounts to or from the unallocated category to the specific category. Troubled debt restructuring (TDR) When the Bank grants a concession, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, for other than an insignificant period of time, the related loan is classified as a TDR. Concessions could include a reduction in the interest rate below current market rates, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions intended to maximize collection. Loans, for which the terms have been modified, and for which the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties, are considered TDRs. On restructuring, the loans are re-measured The following table summarizes the Bank’s TDR modifications during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019 presented by primary modification type and includes the financial effects of these modifications. Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 Carrying TDRs involving (1) TDRs involving (2) TDRs involving Balance of Net P&L (3) (In millions) Retail Loans: Retail business banking Rs. 0.0 Rs. 0.0 Rs. 0.0 Rs. 0.0 Rs. 0.0 Rs. 0.0 Commercial vehicle and construction equipment finance 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Wholesale loans 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Total (4) Rs. 0.0 Rs. 0.0 Rs. 0.0 Rs. 0.0 Rs. 0.0 Rs. 0.0 (1) TDRs involving changes in the amount of principal payment may include principal forgiveness or deferral of periodic and/or final principal payments. (2) TDRs involving changes in the amount of interest payments may involve a reduction in interest rate. (3) Balances reflect charge-offs and/or allowance for credit losses and/or income not recognized/deferred. (4) TDR modification during the year ended March 31, 2018 comprised of nil case. Fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 Carrying TDRs involving (1) TDRs involving (2) TDRs involving Balance of Net P&L (3) (In millions) Retail Loans: Retail business banking Rs. 17.9 Rs. 0.0 Rs. 17.9 Rs. 0.0 Rs. 0.0 Rs. 4.5 Commercial vehicle and construction equipment finance 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Wholesale loans 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Total (4) Rs. 17.9 Rs. 0.0 Rs. 17.9 Rs. 0.0 Rs. 0.0 Rs. 4.5 Total (4) US$ 0.3 US$ 0.0 US$ 0.3 US$ 0.0 US$ 0.0 US$ 0.1 (1) TDRs involving changes in the amount of principal payment may include principal forgiveness or deferral of periodic and/or final principal payments. (2) TDRs involving changes in the amount of interest payments may involve a reduction in interest rate. (3) Balances reflect charge-offs and/or allowance for credit losses and/or income not recognized/deferred. (4) TDR modification during the year ended March 31, 2019 comprised of one case. The table below summarizes TDRs that have defaulted in the current period within 12 months of their modification date. The defaulted TDRs are based on a payment default definition of 90 days past due. As of March 31, 2019 recorded investments (In millions) Retail loans: Retail business banking Rs. 0.0 Commercial vehicle and construction equipment finance 0.0 Wholesale loans 0.0 Total Rs. 0.0 Total US$ 0.0 Interest on loans by facility are as follows: Fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 2018 2019 2019 (In millions) Wholesale loans Rs. 134,543.1 Rs. 152,124.6 Rs. 199,928.0 US$ 2,890.8 Retail loans 418,143.7 515,334.1 627,755.0 9,076.9 Total Rs. 552,686.8 Rs. 667,458.7 Rs. 827,683.0 US$ 11,967.7 |