| SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), and reflect the consolidated accounts of Asbury Automotive Group, Inc. and our wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In addition, certain reclassifications of amounts previously reported have been made to the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements in order to conform to current presentation. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates. Estimates and assumptions are reviewed quarterly and the effects of any revisions are reflected in the consolidated financial statements in the period they are determined to be necessary. Significant estimates made in the accompanying consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, those relating to inventory valuation reserves, reserves for chargebacks against revenue recognized from the sale of finance and insurance products, certain assumptions related to intangible and long-lived assets, reserves for insurance programs, and reserves for certain legal or similar proceedings relating to our business operations. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include investments in money market accounts and short-term certificates of deposit which have maturity dates of less than 90 days when purchased. Contracts-In-Transit Contracts-in-transit represent receivables from third-party finance companies for the portion of new and used vehicle purchase price financed by customers through sources arranged by us. Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. We use the specific identification method to value vehicle inventories and the “first-in, first-out” method (“FIFO”) to account for our parts inventories. We maintain a reserve for specific used vehicles where cost basis exceeds market value. Our new vehicle sales histories have indicated that the vast majority of the new vehicles we sell are sold for, or in excess of, our cost to purchase those vehicles. Therefore, we generally do not maintain a reserve for specific new vehicle inventory. In assessing lower of cost or market for used vehicles, we consider (i) the aging of our used vehicles, (ii) historical sales experience of used vehicles, and (iii) current market conditions and trends for used vehicles. We also review and consider the following metrics related to used vehicle sales (both on a recent and longer-term historical basis): (i) days of supply in our used vehicle inventory, (ii) used vehicle units sold at less than original cost as a percentage of total used vehicles sold, and (iii) average vehicle selling price of used vehicle units sold at less than original cost. We then determine the appropriate level of reserve required to reduce our used vehicle inventory to the lower of cost or market, and record the resulting adjustment in the period in which we determine a loss has occurred. The level of reserve determined to be appropriate for each reporting period is considered to be a permanent inventory write-down and therefore is only released upon the sale of the related inventory. We receive assistance from certain automobile manufacturers in the form of advertising and interest credits. Manufacturer advertising credits that are reimbursements of costs associated with specific advertising programs are recognized as a reduction of advertising expense in the period they are earned. All other manufacturer advertising and interest credits are accounted for as purchase discounts and are recorded as a reduction of inventory and recognized as a reduction to New Vehicle Cost of Sales in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income in the period the related vehicle is sold. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives. Depreciation is included in Depreciation and Amortization and Discontinued Operations, net of tax, on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income. Leasehold improvements are capitalized and amortized over the lesser of the life of the lease or the useful life of the related asset. The ranges of estimated useful lives are as follows (in years): Buildings and improvements 10-40 Machinery and equipment 5-10 Furniture and fixtures 3-10 Company vehicles 3-5 Expenditures for major additions or improvements, which extend the useful lives of assets, are capitalized. Minor replacements, maintenance and repairs, which do not improve or extend the lives of such assets, are expensed as incurred. We review property and equipment for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. When we test our long-lived assets for impairment, we first compare the carrying amount of the underlying assets to their net recoverable value by reviewing the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the underlying assets. If the carrying amount of the underlying assets is less than their net recoverable value, then we calculate an impairment equal to the excess of the carrying amount over the fair market value, and the impairment loss would be charged to operations in the period identified. As a result of impairment tests conducted in 2015, 2014, and 2013, we did not record an impairment of our property and equipment. We capitalize interest on borrowings during the active construction period of capital projects. Capitalized interest is added to the cost of the assets and is depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Acquisitions Acquisitions are accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting and the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at their fair value at the acquisition date. The operations of acquired dealerships are included in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income commencing on the date of acquisition. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess cost of the businesses acquired over the fair market value of the identifiable net assets. We have determined that, based on how we integrate acquisitions into our business, how the components of our business share resources and interact with one another, and how we review the results of our operations, that we have several geographic market-based operating segments. We have determined that the dealerships in each of our operating segments are components that are aggregated into several geographic market-based reporting units for the purpose of testing goodwill for impairment, as they (i) have similar economic characteristics, (ii) offer similar products and services (all of our dealerships offer new and used vehicles, service, parts and third-party finance and insurance products), (iii) have similar customers, (iv) have similar distribution and marketing practices (all of our dealerships distribute products and services through dealership facilities that market to customers in similar ways), and (v) operate under similar regulatory environments. Our only significant identifiable intangible assets, other than goodwill, are rights under franchise agreements with manufacturers, which are recorded at an individual franchise level. The fair value of our manufacturer franchise rights is determined at the acquisition date through discounting the projected cash flows specific to each franchise. We have determined that manufacturer franchise rights have an indefinite life, as there are no economic, contractual or other factors that limit their useful lives and they are expected to generate cash flows indefinitely due to the historically long lives of the manufacturers’ brand names. Furthermore, to the extent that any agreements evidencing our manufacturer franchise rights would expire, we expect that we would be able to renew those agreements in the ordinary course of business. We do not amortize goodwill and other intangible assets that are deemed to have indefinite lives. We review goodwill and manufacturer franchise rights for impairment annually as of October 1 st , or more often if events or circumstances indicate that impairment may have occurred. We are subject to financial statement risk to the extent that goodwill becomes impaired due to decreases in the fair value of our automotive retail business or manufacturer franchise rights become impaired due to decreases in the fair value of our individual franchises. We completed our annual impairment tests as of October 1, 2015. Based on our qualitative assessment regarding goodwill impairment, we determined that it was more likely than not that the fair value exceeded the carrying value. Based on our qualitative assessment of franchise rights impairment, we determined that we should perform a quantitative test regarding certain franchises. Based on our quantitative assessment regarding these franchises, we determined that it was more likely than not that the fair value exceeded the carrying value. For the remainder of our franchise rights, we determined that it was more likely than not that the fair value exceeded the carrying value based on our qualitative assessment and we were therefore not required to perform a quantitative test. As such, there were no impairment charges recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015. Debt Issuance Costs In April 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2015-03, Interest—Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs. The new standard requires that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct reduction of the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-15, Interest—Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Presentation and Subsequent Measurement of Debt Issuance Costs Associated with Line-of-Credit Arrangements, which clarified that debt issuance costs associated with line-of-credit arrangements can be presented in the balance sheet as an asset and amortized over the term of the line-of-credit, regardless of whether or not there were any outstanding borrowings on the line-of-credit. We adopted these standards as of December 31, 2015 with retrospective application. In accordance with the retrospective adoption of these standards, we reclassified $1.3 million of debt issuance costs from Other Current Assets to Current Maturities of Long-Term Debt and $8.7 million of debt issuance costs from Other Long-Term Assets to Long-Term Debt as of December 31, 2014. Debt issuance costs are amortized to Floor Plan Interest Expense and Other Interest Expense, net in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income through maturity using the effective interest method. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities From time to time, we utilize derivative financial instruments to manage our interest rate risk. The types of risks hedged are those relating to the variability of cash flows caused by movements in interest rates. We document our risk management strategy and assess hedge effectiveness at the inception and during the term of each hedge. Derivatives are reported at fair value on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The effective portion of the gain or loss on our cash flow hedges is reported as a component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets and reclassified to Swap Interest Expense in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income in the period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Measurements of hedge effectiveness are based on comparisons between the gains or losses of the actual interest rate swaps and the gains or losses of hypothetical interest rate swaps, which have the same critical terms of the defined hedged items. Ineffective portions of these interest rate swaps are reported as a component of Swap Interest Expense in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income. Insurance We are self-insured for employee medical claims and maintain stop loss insurance for large-dollar individual claims. We have large deductible insurance programs for workers compensation, property and general liability claims. We maintain and review our claim and loss history to assist in assessing our expected future liability for these claims. We also use professional service providers, such as account administrators and actuaries, to help us accumulate and assess this information. Provisions for retained losses and deductibles are made by charges to expense based upon periodic evaluations of the estimated ultimate liabilities on reported and unreported claims. Revenue Recognition Revenue from the sale of new and used vehicles (which excludes sales tax) is recognized upon the latest of delivery, passage of title, signing of the sales contract or approval of financing. Revenue from the sale of parts, service and collision repair work (which excludes sales tax) is recognized upon delivery of parts to the customer or at the time vehicle service or repair work is completed, as applicable. Manufacturer incentives and rebates, including manufacturer holdbacks, floor plan interest assistance and certain advertising assistance, are recognized as a reduction of new vehicle cost of sales at the time the related vehicles are sold. We receive commissions from third-party lending and insurance institutions for arranging customer financing and from the sale of vehicle service contracts, guaranteed auto protection (known as “GAP”) insurance, and other insurance, to customers (collectively “F&I”). We may be charged back for F&I commissions in the event a contract is prepaid, defaulted upon, or terminated (“chargebacks”). F&I commissions are recorded at the time a vehicle is sold and a reserve for future chargebacks is established based on historical chargeback experience and the termination provisions of the applicable contract. F&I commissions, net of estimated future chargebacks, are included in Finance and Insurance, net in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income. Internal Profit Revenues and expenses associated with the internal work performed by our parts and service departments on new and used vehicle inventory are eliminated in consolidation. The gross profit earned by our parts and service departments for internal work performed is included as a reduction of Parts and Service Cost of Sales on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income upon the sale of the vehicle. The costs incurred by our new and used vehicle departments for work performed by our parts and service departments is included in either New Vehicle Cost of Sales or Used Vehicle Cost of Sales on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income, depending on the classification of the vehicle serviced. We maintain a reserve to eliminate the internal profit on vehicles that have not been sold. Share-Based Compensation We record share-based compensation expense under the fair value method on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, unless the awards are subject to performance conditions, in which case we recognize the expense over the requisite service period of each separate vesting tranche. Earnings per Common Share Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average common shares and common share equivalents outstanding during the period. For all periods presented, there were no adjustments to the numerator necessary to compute diluted earnings per share. Advertising We expense costs of advertising as incurred and production costs when the advertising initially takes place, net of certain advertising credits and other discounts. Advertising expense from continuing operations totaled $40.1 million , $34.0 million and $32.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2015 , 2014 and 2013 , net of earned advertising credits of $17.1 million , $16.2 million , and $13.5 million , respectively, and is included in Selling, General, and Administrative expense in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income. Income Taxes We use the liability method to account for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis using currently enacted tax rates. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period when the change is enacted. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that some portion or all the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Discontinued Operations In April 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-08, Presentation of Financial Statements (Topic 205) and Property, Plant, and Equipment (Topic 360): Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity. This standard raised the threshold for asset disposals, occurring on or after January 1, 2015, to qualify as discontinued operations and requires new disclosures for both discontinued operations and certain other disposals that do not meet the definition of a discontinued operation. The standard is applied prospectively and revised the definition of a discontinued operation to cover only asset disposals that are considered to be a strategic shift with a major impact on an entity’s operations and finances, such as the disposal of a major geographic area or a significant line of business. We adopted the standard in January 2015 and evaluated our 2015 dealership divestitures in accordance with the new standard. Based on our evaluation, we determined that none of our dealership divestitures would be considered discontinued operations. Assets Held for Sale and Liabilities Associated with Assets Held for Sale Certain amounts have been classified as Assets Held for Sale as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. Assets and liabilities classified as held for sale include (i) assets and liabilities associated with pending dealership disposals, (ii) real estate not currently used in our operations that we are actively marketing to sell, and (iii) any related mortgage notes payable, if applicable. Classification as held for sale begins on the date that we have met all of the criteria for classification as held for sale. At the time of classifying assets as held for sale, we compare the carrying value of these assets to estimates of fair value to assess for impairment. We compare the carrying value to estimates of fair value utilizing the assistance of third-party broker opinions of value and third-party desktop appraisals to assist in our fair value estimates. Based on the impairment assessments, we recognized no impairment expense for the years ended December 31, 2015 or 2013, and $0.9 million of impairment expense for the year ended December 31, 2014 in Other Operating Expense, net on our accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income. Statements of Cash Flows Borrowings and repayments of floor plan notes payable to a lender unaffiliated with the manufacturer from which we purchase a particular new vehicle (“Non-Trade”) and all floor plan notes payable relating to pre-owned vehicles (together referred to as “Floor Plan Notes Payable—Non-Trade”), are classified as financing activities on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, with borrowings reflected separately from repayments. The net change in floor plan notes payable to a lender affiliated with the manufacturer from which we purchase a particular new vehicle (collectively referred to as “Floor Plan Notes Payable—Trade”) is classified as an operating activity on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Borrowings of floor plan notes payable associated with inventory acquired in connection with all acquisitions and repayments made in connection with all divestitures are classified as a financing activity in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. Cash flows related to floor plan notes payable included in operating activities differ from cash flows related to floor plan notes payable included in financing activities only to the extent that the former are payable to a lender affiliated with the manufacturer from which we purchased the related inventory, while the latter are payable to a lender not affiliated with the manufacturer from which we purchased the related inventory. Loaner vehicles account for a significant portion of Other Current Assets. We acquire loaner vehicles either with available cash or through borrowings from either our manufacturer affiliated lenders or through our senior secured credit agreement with Bank of America, as administrative agent, and the other agents and lenders party thereto (the “ Restated Credit Agreement”). Loaner vehicles are initially used by our service department for only a short period of time (typically six to twelve months) before we seek to sell them. Therefore, we classify the acquisition of loaner vehicles in Other Current Assets and the borrowings and repayments of loaner vehicle notes payable in Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Loaner vehicles are depreciated over the service period to their estimated value. At the end of the loaner service period, loaner vehicles are transferred from Other Current Assets to used vehicle inventory. These transfers are reflected as non-cash transfers between Other Current Assets and Inventory in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Business and Credit Concentration Risk Financial instruments, which potentially subject us to a concentration of credit risk, consist principally of cash deposits. We maintain cash balances at financial institutions with strong credit ratings. Generally, amounts invested with financial institutions are in excess of FDIC insurance limits. We have substantial debt service obligations. As of December 31, 2015 , we had total debt of $959.7 million , excluding floor plan notes payable, the debt premium on the 6.0% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2024 (“6.0% Notes” ) , and debt issuance costs. In addition, we and our subsidiaries have the ability to obtain additional debt from time to time to finance acquisitions, real property purchases, capital expenditures, share repurchases or for other purposes, although such borrowings are subject to the restrictions contained in the Restated Credit Agreement and the indenture governing our 6.0% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2024 (the “Indenture”). We will have substantial debt service obligations, consisting of required cash payments of principal and interest, for the foreseeable future. We are subject to operating and financial restrictions and covenants in certain of our leases and in our debt instruments, including the Restated Credit Agreement, the Indenture, and the credit agreements covering our mortgage obligations. These agreements contain restrictions on, among other things, our ability to incur additional indebtedness, to create liens or other encumbrances, and to make certain payments (including dividends and repurchases of our shares and investments). These agreements may also require us to maintain compliance with certain financial and other ratios. Our failure to comply with any of these covenants in the future would constitute a default under the relevant agreement, which would, depending on the relevant agreement, (i) entitle the creditors under such agreement to terminate our ability to borrow under the relevant agreement and accelerate our obligations to repay outstanding borrowings; (ii) require us to apply our available cash to repay these borrowings; (iii) entitle the creditors under such agreement to foreclose on the property securing the relevant indebtedness; and/or (iv) prevent us from making debt service payments on certain of our other indebtedness, any of which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. In many cases, a default under one of our debt or mortgage, agreements could trigger cross-default provisions in one or more of our other debt or mortgages. A number of our dealerships are located on properties that we lease. Each of the leases governing such properties has certain covenants with which we must comply. If we fail to comply with the covenants under our leases, the respective landlords could terminate the leases and seek damages from us. Concentrations of credit risk with respect to contracts-in-transit and accounts receivable are limited primarily to automotive manufacturers and financial institutions. Credit risk arising from receivables from commercial customers is minimal due to the large number of customers comprising our customer base. A significant portion of our new vehicle sales are derived from a limited number of automotive manufacturers. For the year ended December 31, 2015 , manufacturers representing 5% or more of our revenues from new vehicle sales were as follows: Manufacturer (Vehicle Brands): % of Total New Vehicle Revenues American Honda Motor Co., Inc. (Honda and Acura) 21 % Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc. (Toyota and Lexus) 19 % Nissan North America, Inc. (Nissan and Infiniti) 15 % Ford Motor Company (Ford and Lincoln) 13 % BMW of North America, LLC (BMW and Mini) 8 % Mercedes-Benz USA, LLC ( Mercedes-Benz, Smart and Sprinter ) 8 % No other manufacturers individually accounted for more than 5% of our total new vehicle revenue for the year ended December 31, 2015 . Segment Reporting Our operations are organized by management into geographic market-based dealership groups. Our Chief Operating Decision Maker is our Chief Executive Officer who manages the business, regularly reviews financial information and allocates resources at the geographic market level. The geographic operating segments have been aggregated into one reportable segment as their operations (i) have similar economic characteristics (our markets all have similar long-term average gross margins), (ii) offer similar products and services (all of our markets offer new and used vehicles, parts and service, and third-party finance and insurance products), (iii) have similar customers, (iv) have similar distribution and marketing practices (all of our markets distribute products and services through dealership facilities that market to customers in similar ways), and (v) operate under similar regulatory environments. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), a new standard on revenue recognition. The new standard will supersede existing revenue recognition guidance and apply to all entities that enter into contracts to provide goods or services to customers. The guidance also addresses the measurement and recognition of gains and losses on the sale of certain non-financial assets, such as real estate, property, and equipment. The new standard will become effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within that year. The standard can be adopted either retrospectively to each reporting period presented or as a cumulative effect adjustment as of the date of adoption. Early adoption of the standard is permitted, but not before annual reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2016. We continue to evaluate the impact of adopting this new guidance on our consolidated financial statements. In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory, to simplify the measurement of inventory by changing the subsequent measurement guidance from the lower of cost or market to the lower of cost or net realizable value. Application of the standard, which is required to be applied prospectively, is required for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2016 and for interim periods within that year. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting this new guidance on our consolidated financial statements. In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-16, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments, to simplify the accounting for measurement period adjustments related to business combinations. The new guidance would require that measurement period adjustments be made in the current period as opposed to a retrospective adjustment under the current guidance. Application of the standard, which is required to be applied prospectively, is required for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2015 and for interim periods within that year. The adoption of this new guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes, to simplify the classification of deferred taxes on the balance sheet. The new guidance would require that deferred taxes be classified as non-current assets and liabilities based on the tax paying jurisdiction. Application of the standard, which can be applied prospectively or retrospectively, is required for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2016 and for interim periods within that year. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting this new guidance on our consolidated financial statements. |
