Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 9 Months Ended |
Sep. 30, 2014 |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ' |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | ' |
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
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The unaudited financial statements contained herein have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America although the Company believes that the disclosures are adequate to make the information not misleading. |
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In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included in the accompanying financial statements. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for a full year. |
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These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes included in the Company’s audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2013, contained in the annual report on Form 10-K for 2013. |
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Principles of Consolidation |
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The consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of its wholly owned subsidiary, Dakota Ethanol. All significant inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. |
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Revenue Recognition |
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Revenue from the production of ethanol and related products is recorded when title transfers to customers. Generally, ethanol and related products are shipped FOB shipping point, based on written contract terms between Dakota Ethanol and its customers. Collectability of revenue is reasonably assured based on historical evidence of collectability between Dakota Ethanol and its customers. Interest income is recognized as earned. |
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Shipping costs incurred by the Company in the sale of ethanol, dried distiller's grains and corn oil are not specifically identifiable and as a result, revenue from the sale of those products is recorded based on the net selling price reported to the Company from the marketer. |
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Cost of Revenues |
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The primary components of cost of revenues from the production of ethanol and related co-product are corn expense, energy expense (natural gas and electricity), raw materials expense (chemicals and denaturant), and direct labor costs. |
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Shipping costs on modified and wet distiller’s grains are included in cost of revenues. |
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Inventory Valuation |
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Ethanol inventory, raw materials, work-in-process, and parts inventory are valued using methods which approximate the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or market. Distillers grains and related products are stated at net realizable value. In the valuation of inventories and purchase and sale commitments, market is based on current replacement values except that it does not exceed net realizable values and is not less than net realizable values reduced by allowances for approximate normal profit margin. |
Investment in commodities contracts, derivative instruments and hedging activities |
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The Company is exposed to certain risks related to our ongoing business operations. The primary risks that we manage by using forward or derivative instruments are price risk on anticipated purchases of corn, natural gas and the sale of ethanol. |
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The Company is subject to market risk with respect to the price and availability of corn, the principal raw material we use to produce ethanol and ethanol by-products. In general, rising corn prices result in lower profit margins and, therefore, represent unfavorable market conditions. This is especially true when market conditions do not allow us to pass along increased corn costs to our customers. The availability and price of corn is subject to wide fluctuations due to unpredictable factors such as weather conditions, farmer planting decisions, governmental policies with respect to agriculture and international trade and global demand and supply. |
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Certain contracts that literally meet the definition of a derivative may be exempted from derivative accounting as normal purchases or normal sales. Normal purchases and normal sales are contracts that provide for the purchase or sale of something other than a financial instrument or derivative instrument that will be delivered in quantities expected to be used or sold over a reasonable period in the normal course of business. Contracts that meet the requirements of normal purchases or sales are documented as normal and exempted from the accounting and reporting requirements of derivative accounting. |
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The Company does not apply the normal purchase and sales exemption for forward corn purchase contracts. As of September 30, 2014, we are committed to purchasing 3.2 million bushels of corn on a forward contract basis with an average price of $3.74 per bushel. Dakota Ethanol has a net derivative financial instrument liability of approximately $3,300,000 related to the forward contracted purchases of corn. The corn purchase contracts represent 18% of the annual plant corn usage. |
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The Company enters into firm-price purchase commitments with some of our natural gas suppliers under which we agree to buy natural gas at a price set in advance of the actual delivery of that natural gas to us. Under these arrangements, we assume the risk of a price decrease in the market price of natural gas between the time this price is fixed and the time the natural gas is delivered. At September 30, 2014, we are not committed to purchasing any natural gas. We account for these transactions as normal purchases, and accordingly, do not mark these transactions to market. |
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The Company enters into short-term forward, option and futures contracts for corn and natural gas as a means of managing exposure to changes in commodity and energy prices. The Company enters into short-term forward, option and futures contracts for sales of ethanol to manage exposure to changes in energy prices. All of our derivatives are designated as non-hedge derivatives, and accordingly are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. Although the contracts are considered economic hedges of specified risks, they are not designated as and accounted for as hedging instruments. |
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As part of our trading activity, the Company uses futures and option contracts offered through regulated commodity exchanges to reduce risk and we are exposed to risk of loss in the market value of inventories. To reduce that risk, we generally take positions using forward and futures contracts and options. |
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Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 were as follows: |
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| | Balance Sheet Classification | | 30-Sep-14 | | December 31, 2013* |
Forward contracts in gain position | | Current Assets | | $ | 456 | | | $ | — | |
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Futures contracts in gain position | | Current Assets | | 989,963 | | | 249,688 | |
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Total forward and futures contracts | | | | 990,419 | | | 249,688 | |
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Cash held by broker | | | | 1,356,018 | | | 1,252,886 | |
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| | Current Assets | | $ | 2,346,437 | | | $ | 1,502,574 | |
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Forward contracts in loss position | | (Current Liabilities) | | $ | (3,331,758 | ) | | $ | (978,935 | ) |
*Derived from audited financial statements. |
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Futures contracts and cash held by broker are all with one party and the right of offset exists. Therefore, on the balance sheet, these items are netted in one balance regardless of position. |
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Forward contracts are with multiple parties and the right of offset does not exist. Therefore, these contracts are reported at the gross amounts on the balance sheet. |
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Realized and unrealized gains and losses related to derivative contracts related to corn and natural gas purchases are included as a component of cost of revenues and derivative contracts related to ethanol sales are included as a component of revenues in the accompanying financial statements. |
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| | Statement of Operations | | Three Months Ended September 30, |
| | Classification | | 2014 | | 2013 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) related to purchase contracts: | | | | | | |
Futures contracts | | Cost of Revenues | | $ | 2,413,385 | | | $ | 505,990 | |
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Forward contracts | | Cost of Revenues | | (2,551,374 | ) | | (1,488,342 | ) |
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| | Statement of Operations | | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
| | Classification | | 2014 | | 2013 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) related to purchase contracts: | | | | | | |
Futures contracts | | Cost of Revenues | | $ | 2,243,407 | | | $ | 791,483 | |
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Forward contracts | | Cost of Revenues | | (4,539,397 | ) | | (2,540,438 | ) |
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Use of Estimates |
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The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include the fair value of derivative financial instruments, lower of cost or market accounting for inventory and forward purchase contracts and goodwill impairment evaluation. |
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Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements |
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In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 660): Summary and Amendments that Create Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) and Other Assets and Deferred Costs-Contracts with Customers (Subtopic 340-40). The guidance in this update supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition, and most industry-specific guidance throughout the industry topics of the codification. For public companies, this update will be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company is currently assessing the impact that this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements, but does not expect the guidance to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. |