Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2014 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Principles of Consolidation | Principles of Consolidation |
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The consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of its wholly owned subsidiary, Dakota Ethanol. All significant inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. |
Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition |
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Revenue from the production of ethanol and related products is recorded when title transfers to customers. Generally, ethanol and related products are shipped FOB shipping point, based on written contract terms between Dakota Ethanol and its customers. Collectability of revenue is reasonably assured based on historical evidence of collectability between Dakota Ethanol and its customers. Interest income is recognized as earned. |
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Shipping costs incurred by the Company in the sale of ethanol, dried distiller's grains and corn oil are not specifically identifiable and as a result, revenue from the sale of those products is recorded based on the net selling price reported to the Company from the marketer. |
Cost of Revenues | Cost of Revenues |
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The primary components of cost of revenues from the production of ethanol and related co-product are corn expense, energy expense (natural gas and electricity), raw materials expense (chemicals and denaturant), and direct labor costs. |
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Shipping costs on modified and wet distiller’s grains are included in cost of revenues. |
Inventory Valuation | Inventory Valuation |
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Ethanol inventory, raw materials, work-in-process, and parts inventory are valued using methods which approximate the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or market. Distillers grains and related products are stated at net realizable value. In the valuation of inventories and purchase commitments, market is based on current replacement values except that it does not exceed net realizable values and is not less than net realizable values reduced by allowances for approximate normal profit margin. |
Cash and Cash Equivalents | Cash and Cash Equivalents |
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Cash and cash equivalents consist of demand accounts and other accounts that provide withdrawal privileges. |
Receivables and Credit Policies | Receivables and Credit Policies |
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Accounts receivable are uncollateralized customer obligations due under normal trade terms requiring payment within fifteen days from the invoice date. Unpaid accounts receivable with invoice dates over thirty days old bear interest at 1.5% per month. Accounts receivable are stated at the amount billed to the customer. Payments of accounts receivable are allocated to the specific invoices identified on the customer’s remittance advice or, if unspecified, are applied to the earliest unpaid invoices. |
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The carrying amount of trade receivables is reduced by a valuation allowance that reflects management’s best estimate of the amounts that will not be collected. Management reviews all trade receivable balances that exceed thirty days from the invoice date and based on an assessment of current creditworthiness, estimates the portion, if any, of the balance that will not be collected. The valuation allowance was $51,791 and $66,563 as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. |
Investment in commodities contracts, derivative instruments and hedging activities | Investment in commodities contracts, derivative instruments and hedging activities |
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The Company is exposed to certain risks related to our ongoing business operations. The primary risks that the Company manages by using forward or derivative instruments are price risk on anticipated purchases of corn and natural gas and the sale of ethanol, distillers grains and distillers corn oil. |
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The Company is subject to market risk with respect to the price and availability of corn, the principal raw material the Company uses to produce ethanol and ethanol by-products. In general, rising corn prices result in lower profit margins and, therefore, represent unfavorable market conditions. This is especially true when market conditions do not allow us to pass along increased corn costs to our customers. The availability and price of corn is subject to wide fluctuations due to unpredictable factors such as weather conditions, farmer planting decisions, governmental policies with respect to agriculture and international trade and global demand and supply. |
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Certain contracts that literally meet the definition of a derivative may be exempted from derivative accounting as normal purchases or normal sales. Normal purchases and normal sales are contracts that provide for the purchase or sale of something other than a financial instrument or derivative instrument that will be delivered in quantities expected to be used or sold over a reasonable period in the normal course of business. Contracts that meet the requirements of normal purchases or sales are documented as normal and exempted from the accounting and reporting requirements of derivative accounting. |
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The Company does not apply the normal purchase and sales exemption for forward corn purchase contacts. As of December 31, 2014, the Company is committed to purchasing approximately 4.6 million bushels of corn on a forward contract basis with an average price of $3.80 per bushel. The total corn purchase contracts represent 26% of the projected annual plant corn usage. |
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The Company enters into firm-price purchase commitments with natural gas suppliers under which the Company agrees to buy natural gas at a price set in advance of the actual delivery of that natural gas to us. Under these arrangements, the Company assumes the risk of a price decrease in the market price of natural gas between the time this price is fixed and the time the natural gas is delivered. At December 31, 2014, the Company is committed to purchasing approximately 680,000 MMBtu's of natural gas with an average price of $3.44 per MMBtu. The Company accounts for these transactions as normal purchases, and accordingly, does not mark these transactions to market. The natural gas purchases represent approximately 45% of the projected annual plant requirements. |
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The Company enters into firm-price sales commitments with distillers grains customers under which the Company agrees to sell distillers grains at a price set in advance of the actual delivery of the distillers grains to them. Under these arrangements, the Company assumes the risk of a price increase in the market price of distillers grain between the time this price is fixed and the time the distillers grains are delivered. At December 31, 2014, the Company is committed to selling approximately 33,000 dry equivalent tons of distillers grains with an average price of $102 per ton. The Company accounts for these transactions as normal sales, and accordingly, do not mark these transactions to market. The distillers grains sales represent approximately 23% of the projected annual plant production. |
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The Company enters into firm-price sales commitments with distillers corn oil customers under which the Company agrees to sell distillers corn oil at a price set in advance of the actual delivery of the distillers corn oil to them. Under these arrangements, the Company assumes the risk of a price increase in the market price of distillers corn oil between the time this price is fixed and the time the distillers corn oil is delivered. At December 31, 2014, the Company is committed to selling approximately 1,438,000 pounds of distillers corn oil with an average price of $.30 per pound. The Company accounts for these transactions as normal sales, and accordingly, do not mark these transactions to market. The distillers corn oil sales represent approximately 14% of the projected annual plant production. |
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The Company does not have any firm-priced sales commitments for ethanol as of December 31, 2014. |
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The Company enters into short-term forward, option and futures contracts for corn and natural gas as a means of managing exposure to changes in commodity and energy prices. The Company enters into short-term forward, option and futures contracts for sales of ethanol to manage exposure to changes in energy prices. All of the Company's derivatives are designated as non-hedge derivatives, and accordingly are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. Although the contracts are considered economic hedges of specified risks, they are not designated as and accounted for as hedging instruments. |
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As part of our trading activity, The Company uses futures and option contracts offered through regulated commodity exchanges to reduce risk of loss in the market value of inventories. To reduce that risk, the Company generally takes positions using forward and futures contracts and options. |
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Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013 were as follows: |
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| | Balance Sheet Classification | | 31-Dec-14 | | 31-Dec-13 | | | | |
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Forward contracts in gain position | | | | $ | 105,813 | | | $ | — | | | | | |
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Futures contracts in gain position | | | | 9,112 | | | 249,688 | | | | | |
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Futures contracts in loss position | | | | (109,200 | ) | | — | | | | | |
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Total forward and futures contracts | | | | 5,725 | | | 249,688 | | | | | |
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Cash held by broker | | | | 1,451,734 | | | 1,252,886 | | | | | |
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| | Current Assets | | $ | 1,457,459 | | | $ | 1,502,574 | | | | | |
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Forward contracts in loss position | | (Current Liabilities) | | $ | (1,447,513 | ) | | $ | (978,935 | ) | | | | |
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Futures contracts and cash held by broker are all with one party and the right of offset exists. Therefore, on the balance sheet, these items are netted in one balance regardless of position. |
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Forward contracts are with multiple parties and the right of offset does not exist. Therefore, these contracts are reported at the gross amounts on the balance sheet. |
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Realized and unrealized gains and losses related to derivative contracts related to corn and natural gas purchases are included as a component of cost of revenues and derivative contracts related to ethanol sales are included as a component of revenues in the accompanying financial statements. |
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| | Statement of Operations | | Years Ended December 31, |
| | Classification | | 2014 | | 2013 | | 2012 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) related to purchase contracts: | | | | | | | | |
Futures contracts | | Cost of Revenues | | $ | 1,249,072 | | | $ | 1,142,170 | | | $ | (4,076,209 | ) |
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Forward contracts | | Cost of Revenues | | (3,231,490 | ) | | (3,417,362 | ) | | 1,065,793 | |
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Investments | Investments |
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The Company has investment interests in four companies in related industries. All of these interests are at ownership shares less than 20%. These investments are flow-through entities and are being accounted for by the equity method of accounting under which the Company’s share of net income is recognized as income in the Company’s statements of operations and added to the investment account. Distributions or dividends received from the investments are treated as a reduction of the investment account. The Company consistently follows the practice of recognizing the net income based on the most recent reliable data. |
Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates |
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The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include the fair value of derivative financial instruments, lower of cost or market accounting for inventory and forward purchase contracts and goodwill impairment evaluation. |
Concentrations of Credit Risk | Concentrations of Credit Risk |
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The Company’s cash balances are maintained in bank depositories and regularly exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in connection with these balances. |
Property and Equipment | Property and Equipment |
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Property and equipment is stated at cost. Significant additions and betterments are capitalized, while expenditures for maintenance, repairs and minor renewals are charged to operations when incurred. Depreciation on assets placed in service is computed using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives as follows: |
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| Minimum | Maximum | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Land improvements | | 40 years | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Equipment | 5 years | 20 years | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Buildings | | 40 years | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Equipment relates to two general categories: mechanical equipment and administrative and maintenance equipment. Mechanical equipment generally relates to equipment for handling inventories and the production of ethanol and related products, with useful lives of 15 to 20 years, including boilers, cooling towers, grain bins, centrifuges, conveyors, fermentation tanks, pumps and drying equipment. Administrative and maintenance equipment is equipment with useful lives of 5 to 15 years, including vehicles, computer systems, security equipment, testing devices and shop equipment. |
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The Company reviews its property and equipment for impairment whenever events indicate that the carrying amount of an asset group may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recorded when the sum of the future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset group. An impairment loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its fair value. No impairment has been identified. |
Goodwill | Goodwill |
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Annually, as well as when an event triggering impairment may have occurred, the Company performs an impairment test on goodwill. The first step tests for impairment, while the second step, if necessary, measures the impairment. The Company performs the annual analysis on December 31 of each fiscal year. The Company determined that there was no impairment to our goodwill at December 31, 2014 and 2013. |
Earnings Per Unit | Earnings Per Unit |
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For purposes of calculating basic earnings per unit, units issued are considered outstanding on the effective date of issuance. Diluted earnings per unit are calculated by including dilutive potential equity units in the denominator. There were no dilutive equity units for the years ending December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012. |
Income Taxes | Income Taxes |
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The Company is taxed as a limited liability company under the Internal Revenue Code. The income of the Company flows through to the members to be taxed at the member level rather than the corporate level. Accordingly, the Company has no tax liability. |
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Management has evaluated the Company’s tax positions under the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued guidance on accounting for uncertainty in income taxes and concluded that the Company had taken no uncertain tax positions that require adjustment to the financial statements to comply with the provisions of this guidance. Generally, the Company is no longer subject to income tax examinations by the U.S. federal, state or local authorities for the years before 2011. |
Environmental Liabilities | Environmental Liabilities |
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The Company’s operations are subject to environmental laws and regulations adopted by various governmental authorities in the jurisdictions in which it operates. These laws require the Company to investigate and remediate the effects of the release or disposal of materials at its locations. Accordingly, the Company has adopted policies, practices and procedures in the areas of pollution control, occupational health and the production, handling, storage and use of hazardous materials to prevent material environmental or other damage, and to limit the financial liability which could result from such events. Environmental liabilities are recorded when the Company’s liability is probable and the costs can be reasonably estimated. |
Operating Segment | Operating Segment |
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The Company uses the “management approach” for reporting information about segments in annual and interim financial statements. The management approach is based on the way the chief operating decision-maker organizes segments within a company for making operating decisions and assessing performance. Reportable segments are based on products and services, geography, legal structure, management structure and any other manner in which management disaggregates a company. Based on the “management approach” model, the Company has determined that its business is comprised of a single operating segment. |
New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements |
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In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), requiring an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The updated standard will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP when it becomes effective and permits the use of either a full retrospective or retrospective with cumulative effect transition method. Early adoption is not permitted. The updated standard becomes effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal year 2017. The Company has not yet selected a transition method and is currently evaluating the effect that the updated standard will have on the consolidated financial statements. |