| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES The unaudited financial statements contained herein have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America although the Company believes that the disclosures are adequate to make the information not misleading. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included in the accompanying financial statements. All adjustments are of a normal and recurring nature. The results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for a full year. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021, contained in the Company's annual report on Form 10-K for 2021 filed with the SEC on March 3, 2022. Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of its wholly owned subsidiary, Dakota Ethanol. All significant inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Revenue Recognition ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers requires the Company to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance requires the Company to apply the following steps: (1) identify the contract with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company generally recognizes revenue at one point in time, as more thoroughly described below. The Company's contracts with customers have one performance obligation and a contract duration of one year or less. The following is a description of principal activities from which we generate revenue: • sales of ethanol • sales of distillers grains • sales of distillers corn oil • We recognize revenue when control of the promised goods or services under our contracts are transferred to our customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services. Generally, ethanol and related products are shipped free on board ("FOB") and the control of the goods is transferred to our customers when the goods are loaded into trucks or rail cars are released to the railroad. Consideration is based on predetermined contractual prices or on current market prices. Disaggregation of revenue: All revenue recognized in the income statement is considered to be revenue from contracts with customers. The following table depicts the disaggregation of revenue according to product line: Three Months Ended June 30 Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 2021 2022 2021 Revenues ethanol $ 57,572,423 $ 49,954,234 $ 105,778,318 $ 86,997,893 Revenues distillers grains 12,915,406 10,984,294 25,040,108 20,075,545 Revenues distillers corn oil 4,949,470 3,299,599 9,069,766 5,780,341 $ 75,437,299 $ 64,238,127 $ 139,888,192 $ 112,853,779 Contract assets and contract liabilities: The Company receives payments from customers based on contractual billing schedules; accounts receivable are recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional. Contract liabilities include payments received in advance of performance under the contract, and are realized with the associated revenue recognized under the contract. The Company has no significant contract assets or contract liabilities from contracts with customers at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Shipping costs Shipping costs incurred by the Company in the sale of ethanol, dried distillers grains and corn oil are not specifically identifiable and as a result, revenue from the sale of those products is recorded based on the net selling price reported to the Company from the marketer. When the Company performs shipping and handling activities after the transfer of control to the customers (e.g., when control transfers prior to delivery), they are considered fulfillment activities, and accordingly, the costs are accrued for when the related revenue is recognized. Reporting Segment Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker or decision making group in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company has determined that it has six operating segments that give rise to two reportable segments. See "Note 3 - Segments" in our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Costs of Revenues The primary raw materials we use to produce ethanol, distillers grains and corn oil are corn and natural gas. Electricity, raw materials expense (chemicals and denaturant), direct labor costs, and shipping costs on modified and wet distiller's grains are included in cost of revenues. Inventory Valuation Inventories are generally valued using methods which approximate the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or net realizable value. In the valuation of inventories and purchase commitments, net realizable value is based on estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. Receivables and Credit Policies Accounts receivable are uncollateralized customer obligations due under normal trade terms requiring payment within fifteen days from the invoice date. Unpaid accounts receivable with invoice dates over thirty days old bear interest at 1.5% per month. Accounts receivable are stated at the amount billed to the customer. Payments of accounts receivable are allocated to the specific invoices identified on the customer’s remittance advice or, if unspecified, are applied to the earliest unpaid invoices. The carrying amount of trade receivables is reduced by an allowance for doubtful accounts that reflects management’s best estimate of the amounts that will not be collected. Management regularly reviews trade receivable balances and, based on an assessment of current creditworthiness, estimates the portion, if any, of the balance that will not be collected. The allowance was $0 as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Investment in commodities contracts, derivative instruments and hedging activities The Company is exposed to certain risks related to its ongoing business operations including price risks on anticipated purchases of corn, natural gas, the sale of ethanol, distillers grains and distillers corn oil. The Company manages these risks by using forward or derivative instruments. The Company is subject to market risk with respect to the price and availability of corn, the principal raw material the Company uses to produce ethanol and ethanol by-products. In general, rising corn prices result in lower profit margins and, therefore, can present unfavorable market conditions. This is especially true when market conditions do not allow us to pass along increased corn costs to our customers. The availability and price of corn are subject to wide fluctuations due to unpredictable factors such as weather conditions, farmer planting decisions, governmental policies with respect to agriculture and international trade and global demand and supply. Additionally, the recent crisis in Ukraine may effect the price of corn, and by extension, our business. Certain contracts that meet the definition of a derivative may be exempted from derivative accounting as normal purchases or normal sales. Normal purchases and normal sales are contracts that provide for the purchase or sale of something other than a financial instrument or derivative instrument that will be delivered in quantities expected to be used or sold over a reasonable period in the normal course of business. Contracts that meet the requirements of normal purchases or sales are documented as normal and exempted from the accounting and reporting requirements of derivative accounting. The Company does not apply the normal purchase and sales exemption for forward corn purchase contracts. As of June 30, 2022, the Company was committed to purchasing approximately 7.4 million bushels of corn on a forward contract basis with an average price of $7.05 per bushel. The total corn purchase contracts represent approximately 25% of the annual projected plant corn usage. The Company enters into firm-price purchase commitments with natural gas suppliers under which the Company agrees to buy natural gas at a price set in advance of the actual delivery. Under these arrangements, the Company assumes the risk of a price decrease in the market price of natural gas between the time the price is fixed and the time the natural gas is delivered. At June 30, 2022, the Company is committed to purchasing approximately 1,283,000 MMBtus of natural gas with an average price of $3.60 per MMBtu. The Company accounts for these transactions as normal purchases, and accordingly, does not mark these transactions to market. The natural gas purchase contracts represent approximately 63% of the annual plant requirements. The Company enters into firm-price sales commitments with distillers grains customers under which the Company agrees to sell distillers grains at a price set in advance of the actual delivery. Under these arrangements, the Company assumes the risk of a price increase in the market price of distillers grain between the time the price is fixed and the time the distillers grains are delivered. At June 30, 2022, the Company was committed to selling approximately 20,000 dry equivalent tons of distillers grains with an average price of $242 per ton. The Company accounts for these transactions as normal sales, and accordingly, does not mark these transactions to market. The distillers grains sales represent approximately 9% of the projected annual plant production. The Company enters into firm-price sales commitments with distillers corn oil customers under which the Company agrees to sell distillers corn oil at a price set in advance of the actual delivery. Under these arrangements, the Company assumes the risk of a price increase in the market price of distillers corn oil between the time the price is fixed and the time the distillers corn oil is delivered. At June 30, 2022, the Company was committed to selling approximately 1.7 million pounds of distillers corn oil with an average price of $0.78 per pound. The Company accounts for these transactions as normal sales, and accordingly, does not mark these transactions to market. The distillers corn oil sales represent approximately 8% of the projected annual plant production. The Company did not have any firm-priced sales commitments for ethanol as of June 30, 2022. The Company enters into short-term forward, option and futures contracts for corn and natural gas as a means of managing exposure to changes in commodity and energy prices. All of the Company's derivatives are designated as non-hedge derivatives, and accordingly are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. Although the contracts are considered economic hedges of specified risks, they are not designated as and accounted for as hedging instruments. As part of our trading activity, the Company uses futures and option contracts offered through regulated commodity exchanges to reduce risk of loss in the market value of inventories and purchase commitments. Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were as follows: Balance Sheet Classification June 30, 2022 December 31, 2021* Forward contracts in gain position $ 798,563 $ 892,509 Futures contracts in gain position 3,807,900 140,863 Futures contracts in loss position (722,375) (1,238,560) Total forward, futures and options contracts 3,884,088 (205,188) Cash held by broker 3,305,860 3,092,019 Current Assets $ 7,189,948 $ 2,886,831 Forward contracts in loss position Current Liabilities $ (4,163,089) $ (1,490,510) *Derived from audited financial statements Futures contracts and cash held by broker are all with one party, and the right of offset exists. Therefore, on the balance sheet, these items are netted in one balance regardless of position. Forward contracts are with multiple parties, and the right of offset does not exist. Therefore, these contracts are reported at the gross amounts on the balance sheet. Gains and losses related to derivative contracts related to corn and natural gas are included as a component of costs of revenues. Statement of Operations Three Months Ended June 30, Classification 2022 2021 Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) related to purchase contracts: Futures contracts Cost of Revenues $ 3,157,895 $ (8,207,255) Forward contracts Cost of Revenues (2,816,323) 6,650,381 Statement of Operations Six Months Ended June 30, Classification 2022 2021 Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) related to purchase contracts: Futures contracts Cost of Revenues $ (5,402,629) $ (11,225,875) Forward contracts Cost of Revenues 1,390,873 10,104,326 Investments The Company has investment interests in five companies in related industries. All of these interests are at ownership shares less than 20%. These investments are flow-through entities and are being accounted for by the equity method of accounting under which the Company's share of net income is recognized as income in the Company's statements of operations and added to the investment account. Distributions or dividends received from the investments are treated as a reduction of the investment account. The Company consistently follows the practice of recognizing the net income based on the most recent reliable data. Goodwill Annually, as well as when an event triggering impairment may have occurred, the Company performs an impairment test on goodwill, which compares the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount. An impairment charge is recognized, if necessary, for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value up to the amount of the goodwill attributed to the reporting unit. The Company performs the annual analysis as of December 31 of each fiscal year. The Company determined that there was no impairment of goodwill at December 31, 2021 or through June 30, 2022 on the basis that no triggering events were noted. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include the fair value of derivative financial instruments, lower of cost or net realizable value accounting for inventory, and goodwill impairment evaluation. Risks and Uncertainties The Company has certain risks and uncertainties that it will experience during volatile market conditions, which can have a severe impact on operations. The Company's revenues are derived from the sale and distribution of ethanol and distiller grains to customers primarily located in the United States. Corn for the production process is supplied to the plant primarily from local agricultural producers and from purchases on the open market. For the three months ended June 30, 2022, ethanol sales averaged approximately 76% of total revenues, while approximately 17% of revenues were generated from the sale of distillers grains and 7% of revenues were generated from the sale of corn oil. For the six months ended June 30, 2022, ethanol sales averaged approximately 76% of total revenues, while approximately 18% of revenues were generated from the sale of distiller grains and 6% of revenues were generated from the sale of corn oil. The Company's operating and financial performance is largely driven by the prices at which it sells ethanol and the net expense of corn. The price of ethanol is influenced by factors such as supply and demand, weather, unleaded gasoline and the petroleum markets, government programs, global political or economic issues, including but not limited to the war in Ukraine including sanctions associated therewith, shortages, export prices, crude oil prices, currency valuations and government policies in the United States and around the world, over which we have no control. Excess ethanol supply in the market, in particular, puts downward pressure on the price of ethanol. The Company's largest cost of production is corn. The cost of corn is generally impacted by factors such as supply and demand, weather, and government programs, global political or economic issues, including but not limited to the war in Ukraine including sanctions associated therewith, or global damaging growing conditions, such as plant disease or adverse weather, including drought, increased fertilizer costs as well as global conflicts. The Company's risk management program is used to protect against the price volatility of these commodities. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) a “Public Health Emergency of International Concern” and on March 11, 2020, declared COVID-19 a pandemic. Quarantines, labor shortages, and other disruptions to the Company’s operations, and those of its customers, adversely impacted the Company’s revenues, ability to provide its services and operating results. Any future quarantines, labor shortages, or other disruptions to the Company's operations, or those of its customers may adversely impact the Company's revenues, ability to provide its services and operating results. Like the COVID-19 pandemic, any significant outbreak of epidemic, pandemic or contagious diseases in the human population could result in a widespread health crisis that could adversely affect the economies and financial markets of many countries, including the geographical area in which the Company operates, resulting in an economic downturn that could affect demand for its goods and services. The extent to which COVID-19 will impact the Company’s long-term results will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new developments regarding continued distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine, new information which may emerge concerning the severity of the coronavirus, prevalence of new COVID-19 cases and variants and actions taken to contain the coronavirus or its impact, among others. |
