| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | (2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation, Big 5 Corp. and Big 5 Services Corp. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Reporting Period The Company follows the concept of a 52 - 53 week fiscal year, which ends on the Sunday nearest December 31. Fiscal 2021 included 52 weeks and fiscal 2020 included 53 weeks. Recently Issued Accounting Updates In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848)—Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting . This standard provides optional guidance for a limited time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting. The amendments in this standard apply only to contracts and hedging relationships that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued due to reference rate reform. The expedients and exceptions provided by the amendments do not apply to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated after December 31, 2022. The amendments in this standard are elective and are effective upon issuance for all entities, and the impact from this standard was immaterial. Other recently issued accounting updates are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. COVID-19 Impact on Concentration of Risk The novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic has significantly impacted health and economic conditions throughout the United States and globally, as public concern about becoming ill with the virus has led to the issuance of recommendations and/or mandates from federal, state and local authorities to practice social distancing or self-quarantine. The Company primarily operates traditional sporting goods retail stores located in the western United States, with approximately 52 % of its stores, along with its corporate offices and distribution center, located in California. Because of this, the Company is subject to regional risks, including the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak. Beginning on March 20, 2020, and continuing into the second quarter of fiscal 2020, the Company temporarily closed more than one-half of its retail store locations in response to state and local shelter orders related to the COVID-19 outbreak. The Company was subsequently able to gradually reopen its store locations based on initially qualifying as an “essential” business under applicable regulations and later as a result of the easing of regulatory restrictions on retail operations in the Company’s market areas. In an effort to promote social distancing protocols, the Company implemented reduced store hours, limited the number of customers in its stores at any one time and generally implemented social-distancing guidelines throughout the store operating space in fiscal 2020. As of the end of fiscal 2020 and during fiscal 2021, all of the Company’s stores were open for in-store shopping with reduced operating hours and certain COVID-19-related protocols in place. The Company may further restrict its store operations and operations in its distribution facility if deemed necessary or if recommended or mandated by authorities, and new temporary closures of stores or new safety protocols may be required if additional orders are issued in response to changing health conditions. A substantial amount of the Company’s inventory is manufactured abroad. COVID-19, and surging consumer demand initially associated with the pandemic, has also impacted the Company’s supply chain for products sold, particularly those products that are sourced from Asia. To the extent one or more vendors is negatively impacted by continued supply chain disruptions or by COVID-19, including due to interruptions at or closure of those vendors’ distribution centers or manufacturing facilities, or the Company or its vendors are unable to obtain the necessary shipping capacity to transport products to the Company’s distribution center, the Company may be unable to maintain delivery schedules or adequate inventory in its stores. During the second half of fiscal 2021, the Company experienced significant shipping delays of products sourced from overseas vendors to be received at the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, which reflected increased shipping volume and insufficient labor resources at the ports that have significantly increased cargo backlogs. These factors, in addition to workforce shortages in the trucking industry, have limited the Company’s ability to obtain desired quantities of inventory for various merchandise categories. While the Company has generally been able to sufficiently stock product in its stores to meet most consumer demand during the pandemic, future prolonged and sustained delays in product reaching the Company’s stores from overseas vendors, particularly during the holiday season, could result in the inability to obtain adequate levels of merchandise inventories to meet consumers’ needs, which could have an adverse impact on net sales and profitability. General Concentration of Risk The Company maintains its cash accounts in financial institutions, and accounts at these institutions are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation up to $ 250,000 . Cash equivalents represent investments of excess cash on hand of $ 75.0 million and $ 50.0 million into U.S. Treasury bills as of January 2, 2022 and January 3, 2021, respectively. Because of the Company’s geographic concentration in the western United States, the Company is subject to regional risks, such as the economy, including downturns in the housing market, state financial conditions, unemployment and gas prices. Other regional risks include weather conditions, fires, droughts, earthquakes, power outages, floods and other natural disasters specific to the states in which the Company operates. The Company relies on a single distribution center located in Riverside, California, which services all of its stores and e-commerce platform. Any natural disaster or other serious disruption to the distribution center due to fire, earthquake or any other cause could damage a significant portion of inventory and could materially impair the Company’s ability to adequately stock its stores and fulfill its e-commerce business. A substantial amount of the Company’s inventory is manufactured abroad. From time to time, shipping ports experience capacity constraints (such as delays associated with COVID-19), labor strikes, work stoppages or other disruptions that may delay the delivery of imported products. A contract dispute may lead to protracted delays in the movement of the Company’s products, which could further delay the delivery of products to the Company’s stores and impact net sales and profitability. In addition, other conditions outside of the Company’s control, such as adverse weather conditions or acts of terrorism, could significantly disrupt operations at shipping ports or otherwise impact transportation of the imported merchandise we sell. The Company purchases merchandise from over 700 suppliers, and the Company’s 20 largest suppliers accounted for 36.8 % of total purchases in fiscal 2021 . One vendor represented greater than 5 % of total purchases, at 7.6 %, in fiscal 2021. A significant portion of the Company’s inventory is manufactured abroad in Asia. Foreign imports subject the Company to the risks of changes in, or the imposition of new, import tariffs, duties or quotas, new restrictions on imports, loss of “most favored nation” status with the United States for a particular foreign country, antidumping or countervailing duty orders, retaliatory actions in response to illegal trade practices, work stoppages, delays in shipment, freight expense increases, product cost increases due to foreign currency fluctuations or revaluations, public health issues that could lead to temporary closures of facilities or shipping ports, such as the recent outbreak of COVID-19, and other economic uncertainties. If a disruption of trade were to occur from the countries in which the suppliers of the Company’s vendors are located, the Company may be unable to obtain sufficient quantities of products to satisfy its requirements, or the cost of obtaining products may increase. In early fiscal 2021, the Company was informed of an expansion of Nike’s direct-to-consumer initiatives that will impact certain multi-branded retailers, including the Company, and which will lead to a significant reduction in the Company’s future supply chain relative to this vendor. This transition is not expected to impact the Company’s ability to continue to purchase certain Nike branded products from authorized licensees. The Company is actively expanding its relationships with other new and existing vendors in an effort to replace the affected Nike product within its product mix. The Company could be exposed to credit risk in the event of nonperformance by its lender under its revolving credit facility. Instability in the financial and capital markets could bring additional potential risks to the Company, including higher costs of credit, potential lender defaults, and potential commercial bank failures. The Company has received no indication that any such events will negatively impact its lender under its credit facility; however, the possibility does exist. Use of Estimates Management makes a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of assets, liabilities and stockholders’ equity and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period to prepare these consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP. Certain items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the carrying amount of merchandise inventories, property and equipment, lease assets and lease liabilities; valuation allowances for receivables, sales returns and deferred income tax assets; estimates related to stored-value cards and the valuation of share-based compensation awards; and obligations related to litigation, self-insurance liabilities and employee benefits. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making assumptions and estimates, events and changes in circumstances arising after January 2, 2022 , including those resulting from the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, may result in actual outcomes that differ from those contemplated by management’s assumptions and estimates. Segment Reporting The Company operates solely as a sporting goods retailer, which includes both retail stores and an e-commerce platform, that offers a broad range of products in the western United States and online, and whose Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) is the Chief Executive Officer. The CODM reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis, for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. The Company’s stores typically have similar square footage, with the stores and e-commerce platform offering a similar general product mix. The Company’s core customer demographic remains similar across all sales channels, as does the Company’s process for the procurement and marketing of its product mix. Furthermore, the Company distributes its product mix for both the stores and e-commerce platform from a single distribution center. Given the consolidated level of review by the CODM, the Company operates as one reportable segment as defined by ASC 280, Segment Reporting . Earnings Per Share The Company calculates earnings per share in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share , which requires a dual presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share. Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding, reduced by shares repurchased and held in treasury, during the period. Diluted earnings per share represents basic earnings per share adjusted to include the potentially dilutive effect of outstanding share option awards, nonvested share awards and nonvested share unit awards. Revenue Recognition The Company operates solely as a sporting goods retailer, which includes both retail stores and an e-commerce platform, that offers a broad range of products in the western United States and online. Generally, all revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration in exchange for those goods. Accordingly, the Company implicitly enters into a contract with customers to deliver merchandise inventory at the point of sale. Collectability is reasonably assured since the Company only extends immaterial credit purchases to certain municipalities and local school districts. As noted in the segment information elsewhere in this Note 2 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company’s business consists of one reportable segment. In accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers , the Company disaggregates net sales into the following major merchandise categories to depict the nature and amount of revenue and related cash flows:
Year Ended
January 2, January 3,
(In thousands)
Hardgoods $ 637,181 $ 623,728
Athletic and sport footwear 279,645 228,311
Athletic and sport apparel 241,526 184,538
Other sales 3,468 4,635
Net sales $ 1,161,820 $ 1,041,212 Substantially all of the Company’s revenue is for single performance obligations for the following distinct items: • Retail store sales • E-commerce sales • Stored-value cards For performance obligations related to retail store and e-commerce sales contracts, the Company typically transfers control, for retail stores, upon consummation of the sale when the product is paid for and taken by the customer and, for e-commerce sales, when the product is tendered for delivery to the common carrier. For performance obligations related to stored-value cards, the Company typically transfers control upon redemption of the stored-value card through consummation of a future sales transaction. The transaction price for each contract is the stated price on the product, reduced by any stated discounts at that point in time. The Company does not engage in sales of products that attach a future material right which could result in a separate performance obligation for the purchase of goods in the future at a material discount. The implicit point-of-sale contract with the customer, as reflected in the transaction receipt, states the final terms of the sale, including the description, quantity, and price of each product purchased. Payment for the Company’s contracts is due in full upon delivery. The customer agrees to a stated price implicit in the contract. The transaction price relative to sales subject to a right of return reflects the amount of estimated consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled. This amount of variable consideration included in the transaction price, and measurement of net sales, is included in net sales only to the extent that it is probable that there will be no significant reversal in a future period. Actual amounts of consideration ultimately received may differ from the Company’s estimates. There were no material adjustments to the Company’s previous estimates. The allowance for sales returns is estimated based upon historical experience and a provision for estimated returns is recorded as a reduction in sales in the relevant period. The estimated right-of-return merchandise cost related to the sales returns is recorded as prepaid expense in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of January 2, 2022. If actual results in the future vary from the Company’s estimates, the Company adjusts these estimates, which would affect net sales and earnings in the period such variances become known. The Company has elected to apply the practical expedient, relative to e-commerce sales, which allows an entity to account for shipping and handling as fulfillment activities, and not a separate performance obligation. Accordingly, the Company recognizes revenue for only one performance obligation, the sale of the product, at shipping point (when the customer gains control). Revenue associated with e-commerce sales is not material. Contract liabilities are recognized primarily for stored-value card sales. Cash received from the sale of stored-value cards is recorded as a contract liability in accrued expenses in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, and the Company recognizes revenue upon the customer’s redemption of the stored-value card. Stored-value card breakage is recognized as revenue in proportion to the pattern of customer redemptions by applying a historical breakage rate of five percent. The Company does not sell or provide stored-value cards that carry expiration dates. The Company recognized $ 5.9 million and $ 5.4 million in stored-value card redemption revenue for fiscal 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company also recognized $ 0.3 million in stored-value card breakage revenue for each of fiscal 2021 and 2020. The Company had outstanding stored-value card liabilities of $ 8.3 million and $ 7.5 million as of January 2, 2022 and January 3, 2021 , respectively, which are included in accrued expenses in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Based upon historical experience, stored-value cards are predominantly redeemed in the first two years following their issuance date. The Company recorded, as prepaid expense in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, estimated right-of-return merchandise cost of $ 1.2 million related to estimated sales returns as of January 2, 2022 and January 3, 2021, and recorded, as accrued expense in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, an allowance for sales returns reserve of $ 2.5 million and $ 2.4 million as of January 2, 2022 and January 3, 2021 , respectively. Cost of Sales Cost of sales includes the cost of merchandise, net of discounts or allowances earned, freight (including e-commerce shipping and handling costs), inventory reserves, buying, distribution center expense, including depreciation and amortization, and store occupancy expense. Store occupancy expense includes rent, amortization of leasehold improvements, common area maintenance, property taxes and insurance. Selling and Administrative Expense Selling and administrative expense includes store-related expense, other than store occupancy expense, as well as advertising, depreciation and amortization, expense associated with operating the Company’s corporate headquarters and impairment charges, if any. Vendor Allowances The Company receives allowances for co-operative advertising and volume purchase rebates earned through programs with certain vendors. The Company records a receivable for these allowances which are earned but not yet received when it is determined the amounts are probable and reasonably estimable. Amounts relating to the purchase of merchandise are treated as a reduction of inventory cost and reduce cost of goods sold as the merchandise is sold. After reducing advertising significantly in fiscal 2021 and 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, beginning in the second half of fiscal 2020, amounts that represent a reimbursement of costs incurred, such as advertising, are recorded as a reduction of inventory cost and reduce cost of goods sold as the merchandise is sold. These amounts were previously recorded as a reduction to selling and administrative expense. Advertising Expense Advertising is expensed when the advertising first occurs. Advertising expense, net of co-operative advertising allowances, amounted to $ 11.0 million and $ 10.6 million for fiscal 2021 and 2020 , respectively. The Company reduced advertising significantly in fiscal 2021 and 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Advertising expense is included in selling and administrative expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The Company receives co-operative advertising allowances from certain product vendors in order to subsidize qualifying advertising and similar promotional expenditures made relating to vendors’ products. Co-operative advertising allowances recognized as a reduction to selling and administrative expense amounted to zero and $ 1.1 million for fiscal 2021 and 2020 , respectively. Beginning in the second half of fiscal 2020, as a result of the significant reductions of print advertising in fiscal 2021 and 2020, the Company treated these advertising allowances as a reduction of inventory cost and cost of goods sold which had an immaterial effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Share-Based Compensation The Company accounts for its share-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation . The Company recognizes compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period using the fair-value method for share option awards, nonvested share awards and nonvested share unit awards granted with service-only conditions. See Note 13 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion on share-based compensation. Pre-opening Costs Pre-opening costs for new stores, which are not material, consist primarily of payroll and recruiting expense, training, marketing, rent, travel and supplies, and are expensed as incurred. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and highly liquid investments of excess cash into U.S. Treasury bills, which have maturities of 90 days or less. See Note 4 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion on the fair value of U.S. Treasury bills. Book overdrafts are classified as current liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable consist primarily of third party purchasing card receivables, amounts due from inventory vendors for returned products, volume purchase rebates or co-operative advertising, amounts due from lessors for tenant improvement allowances and insurance recovery receivables. Accounts receivable have not historically resulted in any material credit losses. An allowance for doubtful accounts is provided when accounts are determined to be uncollectible. Valuation of Merchandise Inventories, Net The Company’s merchandise inventories are made up of finished goods and are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value using the weighted-average cost method that approximates the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method. Average cost includes the direct purchase price of merchandise inventory, net of vendor allowances and cash discounts, in-bound freight-related expense and allocated overhead expense associated with the Company’s distribution center. Management regularly reviews inventories and records valuation reserves for damaged and defective merchandise, merchandise items with slow-moving or obsolescence exposure and merchandise that has a carrying value that exceeds net realizable value. Because of its merchandise mix, the Company has not historically experienced significant occurrences of obsolescence. Inventory shrinkage is accrued as a percentage of merchandise sales based on historical inventory shrinkage trends. The Company performs physical inventories of its stores at least once per year and cycle counts inventories at its distribution center throughout the year. The reserve for inventory shrinkage primarily represents an estimate for inventory shrinkage for each store since the last physical inventory date through the reporting date. These reserves are estimates, which could vary significantly, either favorably or unfavorably, from actual results if future economic conditions, consumer demand and competitive environments differ from expectations. Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets Prepaid expenses include the prepayment of various operating expenses such as insurance, income and property taxes, software maintenance and supplies, which are expensed when the operating cost is realized, as well as estimated right-of-return merchandise cost related to estimated sales returns. Other assets include the long-term portion of certain prepaid expenses, capitalized deferred financing fees related to the Company’s credit facility and capitalized implementation costs related to hosting arrangements that are service contracts. While deferred financing fees and implementation costs are capitalized and amortized over the respective terms of their arrangements, costs related to the service element of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract are expensed as incurred. Property and Equipment, Net Property and equipment are stated at cost and are being depreciated or amortized utilizing the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:
Land Indefinite
Buildings 20 years
Leasehold improvements Shorter of estimated useful life or term of lease
Furniture and equipment 3 – 10 years
Internal-use software 3 – 7 years Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. The Company incurs costs to purchase and develop software for internal use. Costs related to the application development stage are capitalized and amortized over the estimated useful life of the software. Costs related to the design or maintenance of internal-use software are expensed as incurred. See Note 3 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion on property and equipment. Valuation of Long-Lived Assets In accordance with ASC 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment , the Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Long-lived assets are reviewed for recoverability at the lowest level in which there are identifiable cash flows (“asset group”), usually at the store level. The carrying amount of a store asset group includes stores’ property and equipment, primarily leasehold improvements, and operating lease ROU assets. The carrying amount of a store asset group is not considered recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the store asset group. Factors that could trigger an impairment review include a current-period operating or cash flow loss combined with a history of operating or cash flow losses, and a projection that demonstrates continuing losses or insufficient income over the remaining reasonably certain lease term associated with the use of a store asset group. Other factors may include an adverse change in the business climate or an adverse action or assessment by a regulator in the market of a store asset group. When stores are identified as having an indicator of impairment, the Company forecasts undiscounted cash flows over the store asset group’s remaining reasonably certain lease term and compares the undiscounted cash flows to the carrying amount of the store asset group. If the store asset group is determined not to be recoverable, then an impairment charge will be recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the store asset group exceeds its fair value, determined using discounted cash flow valuation techniques, as contemplated in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements . The Company determines the cash flows expected to result from the store asset group by projecting future revenue, gross margin and operating expense for each store asset group under evaluation for impairment. The estimates of future cash flows involve management judgment and are based upon assumptions about expected future operating performance. Assumptions used in these forecasts are consistent with internal planning, and include assumptions about sales growth rates, gross margins and operating expense in relation to the current economic environment and the Company’s future expectations, competitive factors in its various markets, inflation, sales trends and other relevant environmental factors that may impact the store under evaluation. The actual cash flows could differ from management’s estimates due to changes in business conditions, operating performance and economic conditions. If economic conditions deteriorate in the markets in which the Company conducts business, or if other negative market conditions develop, the Company may experience additional impairment charges in the future for underperforming stores. The resulting impairment charge, if any, is allocated to the property and equipment, primarily leasehold improvements, and operating lease ROU assets on a pro rata basis using the relative carrying amounts of those assets. The allocated impairment charge to a long-lived asset is limited to the extent that the impairment charge does not reduce the carrying amount of the long-lived asset below its individual fair value. The estimation of the fair value of an ROU asset involves the evaluation of current market value rental amounts for leases associated with ROU assets. The estimates of current market value rental amounts are primarily based on recent observable market rental data of other comparable retail store locations. The fair value of an ROU asset is measured using a discounted cash flow valuation technique by discounting the estimated current and future market rental values using a property-specific discount rate. In fiscal 2021 and 2020 , the Company recognized no non-cash impairment charges. Impairment charges, if any, represent property and equipment, primarily leasehold improvements, and are included in selling and administrative expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Leases In accordance with ASC 842, Leases , the Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. The Company has operating and finance leases for the Company’s retail store facilities, distribution center, corporate offices, information technology hardware, and distribution center delivery tractors and equipment. Operating leases are included in operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities, current and noncurrent, on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property and equipment and finance lease liabilities, current and noncurrent, on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Lease liabilities are calculated using the effective interest method, regardless of classification, while the amortization of ROU assets varies depending upon classification. Finance lease classification results in a front-loaded expense recognition pattern over the lease term which amortizes the ROU asset by recognizing interest expense and amortization expense as separate components of lease expense and calculates the amortization expense component on a straight-line basis. Conversely, operating lease classification results in a straight-line expense recognition pattern over the lease term and recognizes lease expense as a single expense component, which results in amortization of the ROU asset that equals the difference between lease expense and interest expense. Lease expense for finance and operating leases are included in cost of sales or selling and administrative expense, based on the use of the leased asset, on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. Variable payments such as property taxes, insurance and common area maintenance related to triple net leases, as well as certain equipment sales taxes, licenses, fees and repairs, are expensed as incurred, and leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are excluded from minimum lease payments and are not recorded on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company recognizes variable lease expense for these short-term leases on a straight-line basis over the remaining lease term. ROU assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the reasonably certain lease term. As the Company’s leases generally do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses a collateralized incremental borrowing rate (“IBR”) to determine the present value of lease payments. The collateralized IBR is based on a synthetic credit rating that is externally prepared on an annual basis. This analysis considers qualitative and quantitative factors based on guidance provided by a rating agency for |
