| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | (2)
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation, Big 5 Corp. and Big 5 Services Corp. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Reporting Period The Company follows the concept of a 52-53 week fiscal year, which ends on the Sunday nearest December 31. Fiscal 2015 included 53 weeks and fiscal 2014 and 2013 each included 52 weeks. Recently Issued Accounting Updates In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) Revenue Recognition—Construction-Type and Production-Type Contracts Other Assets and Deferred Costs—Contracts with Customers In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-03, Interest—Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30) – Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs Interest—Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30) – Presentation and Subsequent Measurement of Debt Issuance Costs Associated with Line-of-Credit Arrangements—Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to Staff Announcement at June 18, 2015 EITF Meeting In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-05, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40) – Customer’s Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud Computing Arrangement In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, Inventory (Topic 330)—Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740)—Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes , which requires that deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as noncurrent in a classified balance sheet. Prior to the issuance of this guidance, deferred tax liabilities and assets were required to be separately classified into a current amount and a noncurrent amount in the balance sheet. The new accounting guidance represents a change in accounting principle and the standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those fiscal years. , and in accordance with this ASU, the Company will reclassify current deferred taxes to noncurrent deferred taxes on its consolidated balance sheet. Because the application of ASU No. 2015-17 affects classification only, such reclassification is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) There have been no other recently issued accounting updates that had a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Use of Estimates Management has made a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of assets, liabilities and stockholders’ equity and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period to prepare these consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP. Certain items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the carrying amount of merchandise inventories, property and equipment, and goodwill; valuation allowances for receivables, sales returns and deferred income tax assets; estimates related to gift card breakage and the valuation of share-based compensation awards; and obligations related to asset retirements, litigation, self-insurance liabilities and employee benefits. Actual results could differ significantly from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions. Segment Reporting The Company operates solely as a sporting goods retailer, which includes both retail stores and an e-commerce platform, that offers a broad range of products in the western United States and online, and whose Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) is the Chief Executive Officer. The CODM reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis, for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. The Company’s stores typically have similar square footage, with the stores and e-commerce platform offering a similar general product mix. The Company’s core customer demographic remains similar across all sales channels, as does the Company’s process for the procurement and marketing of its product mix. Furthermore, the Company distributes its product mix for both the stores and e-commerce platform from a single distribution center. Given the consolidated level of review by the CODM, the Company operates as one reportable segment as defined by Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 280, Segment Reporting The approximate net sales attributable to hard goods, athletic and sport apparel, athletic and sport footwear and other for the periods presented are set forth as follows:
Fiscal Year
2015
2014
2013
(In thousands)
Hard goods
$
534,864
$
517,968
$
540,698
Athletic and sport apparel
199,109
181,722
174,021
Athletic and sport footwear
291,325
274,355
275,744
Other sales
3,800
3,815
2,860
Net sales
$
1,029,098
$
977,860
$
993,323
The Company launched its e-commerce platform in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014 and e-commerce net sales for fiscal 2015 and 2014 were not material. Earnings Per Share The Company calculates earnings per share in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue from retail sales at the point of sale through its retail stores. For e-commerce sales, revenue is recognized when the merchandise is delivered to the customer. Shipping and handling fees, when billed to customers for e-commerce sales, are included in net sales. An allowance for sales returns is estimated based upon historical experience and recorded as a reduction in sales in the relevant period. Cash received from the sale of gift cards is recorded as a liability, and revenue is recognized upon the redemption of the gift card or when it is determined that the likelihood of redemption is remote (“gift card breakage”) and no liability to relevant jurisdictions exists. The Company determines the gift card breakage rate based upon historical redemption patterns and recognizes gift card breakage on a straight-line basis over the estimated gift card redemption period (20 quarters as of the end of fiscal 2015). The Company recognized approximately $0.4 million, $0.4 million and $0.4 million in gift card breakage revenue for fiscal 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The Company had outstanding gift card liabilities of $4.9 million and $5.2 million 2014 The Company records sales tax collected from its customers on a net basis, and therefore excludes it from revenue as defined in ASC 605, Revenue Recognition Cost of Sales Cost of sales includes the cost of merchandise, net of discounts or allowances earned, freight, inventory reserves, buying, distribution center expense, including depreciation, and store occupancy expense. Store occupancy expense includes rent, amortization of leasehold improvements, common area maintenance, property taxes and insurance. Selling and Administrative Expense Selling and administrative expense includes store-related expense, other than store occupancy expense, as well as advertising, depreciation and amortization, expense associated with operating the Company’s corporate headquarters and impairment charges, if any. Vendor Allowances The Company receives allowances for co-operative advertising and volume purchase rebates earned through programs with certain vendors. The Company records a receivable for these allowances which are earned but not yet received when it is determined the amounts are probable and reasonably estimable, in accordance with ASC 605. Amounts relating to the purchase of merchandise are treated as a reduction of inventory cost and reduce cost of goods sold as the merchandise is sold. Amounts that represent a reimbursement of costs incurred, such as advertising, are recorded as a reduction in selling and administrative expense. The Company performs detailed analyses to determine the appropriate amount of vendor allowances to be applied as a reduction of merchandise cost and selling and administrative expense. Advertising Expense Advertising is expensed when the advertising first occurs. Advertising expense, net of co-operative advertising allowances, amounted to $39.8 million, $42.6 million and $44.5 million for fiscal 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Advertising expense is included in selling and administrative expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The Company receives co-operative advertising allowances from product vendors in order to subsidize qualifying advertising and similar promotional expenditures made relating to vendors’ products. These advertising allowances are recognized as a reduction to selling and administrative expense when the Company incurs the advertising expense eligible for the credit. Co-operative advertising allowances recognized as a reduction to selling and administrative expense amounted to $6.0 million, $5.9 million and $6.2 million for fiscal 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Share-Based Compensation The Company accounts for its share-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation Pre-opening Costs Pre-opening costs for new stores, which are not material, consist primarily of payroll and recruiting expense, training, marketing, rent, travel and supplies, and are expensed as incurred. Cash Cash consists of cash on hand, and the Company has no cash equivalents. Book overdrafts are classified as current liabilities. Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable consist primarily of third party purchasing card receivables, amounts due from inventory vendors for returned products, volume purchase rebates or co-operative advertising, amounts due from lessors for tenant improvement allowances and insurance recovery receivables. Accounts receivable have not historically resulted in any material credit losses. An allowance for doubtful accounts is provided when accounts are determined to be uncollectible. Valuation of Merchandise Inventories, Net The Company’s merchandise inventories are made up of finished goods and are valued at the lower of cost or market using the weighted-average cost method that approximates the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method. Average cost includes the direct purchase price of merchandise inventory, net of certain vendor allowances and cash discounts, in-bound freight-related expense and allocated overhead expense associated with the Company’s distribution center. Management regularly reviews inventories and records valuation reserves for damaged and defective merchandise, merchandise items with slow-moving or obsolescence exposure and merchandise that has a carrying value that exceeds market value. Because of its merchandise mix, the Company has not historically experienced significant occurrences of obsolescence. Inventory shrinkage is accrued as a percentage of merchandise sales based on historical inventory shrinkage trends. The Company performs physical inventories of its stores at least once per year and cycle counts inventories at its distribution center throughout the year. The reserve for inventory shrinkage primarily represents an estimate for inventory shrinkage for each store since the last physical inventory date through the reporting date. These reserves are estimates, which could vary significantly, either favorably or unfavorably, from actual results if future economic conditions, consumer demand and competitive environments differ from expectations. Prepaid Expenses Prepaid expenses include the prepayment of various operating expenses such as insurance, rent, income and property taxes, software maintenance and supplies, which are expensed when the operating cost is realized. Property and Equipment, Net Property and equipment are stated at cost and are being depreciated or amortized utilizing the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:
Leasehold improvements
Shorter of estimated useful life or term of lease
Furniture and equipment
3 – 10 years
Internal-use software
3 – 7 years Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. In fiscal 2015 and 2014, the Company incurred costs to purchase and develop software for internal use which included costs for its website associated with the development and implementation of an e-commerce platform, and also included costs related to the development of a new point-of-sale system. Costs related to the application development stage are capitalized and amortized over the estimated useful life of the software. Costs related to the design or maintenance of internal-use software are expensed as incurred. The Company placed software relating to website development for its e-commerce initiative into service in fiscal 2014, at which time amortization commenced. Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price over fair value of net assets acquired. Under ASC 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other The Company performed an annual impairment test as of the end of fiscal 2015, 2014 and 2013, and determined that goodwill was not impaired. Furthermore, the Company has no accumulated impairment losses as of January 3, 2016. Valuation of Long-Lived Assets The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Long-lived assets are reviewed for recoverability at the lowest level in which there are identifiable cash flows (“asset group”), usually at the store level. Each store typically requires net investments of approximately $0.5 million in long-lived assets to be held and used, subject to recoverability testing. The carrying amount of an asset group is not considered recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset group. If the asset group is determined not to be recoverable, then an impairment charge will be recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its fair value, determined using discounted cash flow valuation techniques, as defined in ASC 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment The Company determines the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the asset group by projecting future revenue, gross margin and operating expense for each store under evaluation for impairment. The estimates of future cash flows involve management judgment and are based upon assumptions about expected future operating performance. Assumptions used in these forecasts are consistent with internal planning, and include assumptions about sales growth rates, gross margins and operating expense in relation to the current economic environment and future expectations, competitive factors in various markets and inflation. The actual cash flows could differ from management’s estimates due to changes in business conditions, operating performance and economic conditions. In fiscal 2015, 2014 and 2013, the Company recognized pre-tax non-cash impairment charges of $0.2 million, $1.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively, related to certain underperforming stores. These impairment charges are included in selling and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations. Leases and Deferred Rent The Company accounts for its leases under the provisions of ASC 840, Leases The Company evaluates and classifies its leases as either operating or capital leases for financial reporting purposes. Operating lease commitments consist principally of leases for the Company’s retail store facilities, distribution center and corporate office. Capital lease obligations consist principally of leases for some of the Company’s distribution center delivery tractors, information technology systems hardware and point-of-sale equipment for the Company’s stores. Certain of the leases for the Company’s retail store facilities provide for payments based on future sales volumes at the leased location, which are not measurable at the inception of the lease. These contingent rents are expensed as they accrue. Deferred rent represents the difference between rent paid and the amounts expensed for operating leases. Certain leases have scheduled rent increases, and certain leases include an initial period of free or reduced rent as an inducement to enter into the lease agreement (“rent holidays”). The Company recognizes rent expense for rent increases and rent holidays on a straight-line basis over the term of the underlying leases, without regard to when rent payments are made. The calculation of straight-line rent is based on the “reasonably assured” lease term as defined in ASC 840 and may exceed the initial non-cancelable lease term. Landlord allowances for tenant improvements, or lease incentives, are recorded as deferred rent and amortized on a straight-line basis over the “reasonably assured” lease term as a component of rent expense. Asset Retirement Obligations The Company accounts for its asset retirement obligations (“ARO”) in accordance with ASC 410, Asset Retirement and Environmental Obligations The Company records the net present value of the ARO liability and also records a related capital asset in an equal amount for those leases that contractually obligate the Company with an asset retirement obligation. The estimate of the ARO liability is based on a number of assumptions including store closing costs, inflation rates and discount rates. Accretion expense related to the ARO liability is recognized as operating expense. The capitalized asset is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the useful life of the leasehold improvement. Upon ARO removal, any difference between the actual retirement expense incurred and the recorded estimated ARO liability is recognized as an operating gain or loss in the consolidated statements of operations. The ARO liability, which totaled $0.8 million and $0.7 million as of January 3, 2016 and December 28, 2014, respectively, is included in other long-term liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Self-Insurance Liabilities The Company maintains self-insurance programs for its commercial general liability risk and, in certain states, its estimated workers’ compensation liability risk. The Company also has a self-funded insurance program for a portion of its employee medical benefits. Under these programs, the Company maintains insurance coverage for losses in excess of specified per-occurrence amounts. Estimated expenses incurred under the self-insured workers’ compensation and medical benefits programs, including incurred but not reported claims, are recorded as expense based upon historical experience, trends of paid and incurred claims, and other actuarial assumptions. If actual claims trends under these programs, including the severity or frequency of claims, differ from the Company’s estimates, its financial results may be significantly impacted. The Company’s estimated self-insurance liabilities, which are reported gross of expected workers’ compensation insurance reimbursements, are classified on the balance sheet as accrued expenses or other long-term liabilities based upon whether they are expected to be paid during or beyond the normal operating cycle of 12 months from the date of the consolidated financial statements. Self-insurance liabilities totaled $11.2 million and $10.7 million as of January 3, 2016 and December 28, 2014, respectively, of which $4.8 million and $4.4 million were recorded as a component of accrued expenses as of January 3, 2016 and December 28, 2014, respectively, and $ 6.4 Income Taxes Under the asset and liability method prescribed within ASC 740, Income Taxes ASC 740 provides that a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position may be recognized when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. ASC 740 also provides guidance on measurement, derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. The Company’s practice is to recognize interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and penalties in operating expense. At January 3, 2016 and December 28, 2014, the Company had no accrued interest or penalties. Concentration of Risk The Company maintains its cash accounts in financial institutions, and accounts at these institutions are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) up to $250,000. The Company primarily operates traditional sporting goods retail stores located in the western United States. Because of this, the Company is subject to regional risks, such as the economy, including downturns in the housing market, state financial conditions, unemployment and gas prices. Other regional risks include weather conditions, power outages, droughts, earthquakes and other natural disasters specific to the states in which the Company operates. The Company relies on a single distribution center located in Riverside, California, which services all of its stores and e-commerce platform. Any natural disaster or other serious disruption to the distribution center due to fire, earthquake or any other cause could damage a significant portion of inventory and could materially impair the Company’s ability to adequately stock its stores and fulfill its e-commerce business. A substantial amount of the Company’s inventory is manufactured abroad. From time to time, shipping ports experience capacity constraints, labor strikes, work stoppages or other disruptions that may delay the delivery of imported products. A contract dispute, such as the one the Company experienced in the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach in 2015, may lead to protracted delays in the movement of the Company’s products, which could further delay the delivery of products to the Company’s stores and impact net sales and profitability. In addition, other conditions outside of the Company’s control, such as adverse weather conditions or acts of terrorism, could significantly disrupt operations at shipping ports or otherwise impact transportation of the imported merchandise we sell. The Company purchases merchandise from over 700 suppliers, and the Company’s 20 largest suppliers accounted for 41.5% of total purchases in fiscal 2015. One vendor represented greater than 5% of total purchases, at 10.8%, in fiscal 2015. A significant portion of the Company’s inventory is manufactured abroad in China and other countries. If a disruption of trade were to occur from the countries in which the suppliers of the Company’s vendors are located, the Company may be unable to obtain sufficient quantities of products to satisfy its requirements, or the cost of obtaining products may increase. The Company could be exposed to credit risk in the event of nonperformance by any lender under its revolving credit facility. Instability in the financial and capital markets brings additional potential risks to the Company, including higher costs of credit, potential lender defaults, and potential commercial bank failures. The Company has received no indication that any such events will negatively impact the lenders under its current revolving credit facility; however, the possibility does exist. |
