| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | (2)
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Big 5 Sporting Goods Corporation, Big 5 Corp. and Big 5 Services Corp. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Reporting Period The Company follows the concept of a 52-53 week fiscal year, which ends on the Sunday nearest December 31. Fiscal 2018 and 2017 each included 52 weeks. Recently Adopted Accounting Updates Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) Recently Issued Accounting Updates In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurements (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract Other recently issued accounting updates are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Use of Estimates Management makes a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of assets, liabilities and stockholders’ equity and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period to prepare these consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP. Certain items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the carrying amount of merchandise inventories, and property and equipment; valuation allowances for receivables, sales returns and deferred income tax assets; estimates related to gift card breakage and the valuation of share-based compensation awards; and obligations related to litigation, self-insurance liabilities and employee benefits. Actual results could differ significantly from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions. Segment Reporting The Company operates solely as a sporting goods retailer, which includes both retail stores and an e-commerce platform, that offers a broad range of products in the western United States and online, and whose Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) is the Chief Executive Officer. The CODM reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis, for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. The Company’s stores typically have similar square footage, with the stores and e-commerce platform offering a similar general product mix. The Company’s core customer demographic remains similar across all sales channels, as does the Company’s process for the procurement and marketing of its product mix. Furthermore, the Company distributes its product mix for both the stores and e-commerce platform from a single distribution center. Given the consolidated level of review by the CODM, the Company operates as one reportable segment as defined by ASC 280, Segment Reporting Earnings Per Share The Company calculates earnings per share in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share Revenue Recognition On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, Revenue Recognition The Company operates solely as a sporting goods retailer, which includes both retail stores and an e-commerce platform, that offers a broad range of products in the western United States and online. Generally, all revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration in exchange for those goods. Accordingly, the Company implicitly enters into a contract with customers to deliver merchandise inventory at the point of sale. Collectibility is reasonably assured since the Company only extends immaterial credit purchases to certain municipalities and local school districts. As noted in the segment information elsewhere in this Note 2 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company’s business consists of one reportable segment. In accordance with ASC 606, the Company disaggregates net sales into the following major merchandise categories to depict the nature and amount of revenue and related cash flows:
Year Ended
December 30, 2018
December 31, 2017
(In thousands)
Hard goods
$
495,846
$
509,618
Athletic and sport apparel
206,934
206,816
Athletic and sport footwear
281,004
288,536
Other sales
3,797
4,665
Net sales
$
987,581
$
1,009,635
Substantially all of the Company’s revenue is for single performance obligations for the following distinct items:
•
Retail store sales
•
E-commerce sales
•
Stored-value cards For performance obligations related to retail store and e-commerce sales contracts, the Company typically transfers control, for retail stores, upon consummation of the sale when the product is paid for and taken by the customer and, for e-commerce sales, when the product is tendered for delivery to the common carrier. For performance obligations related to stored-value cards, the Company typically transfers control at a point in time upon redemption of the stored-value card through consummation of a future sales transaction. The transaction price for each contract is the stated price on the product, reduced by any stated discounts at that point in time. The Company does not engage in sales of products that attach a future material right which could result in a separate performance obligation for the purchase of goods in the future at a material discount. The implicit point-of-sale contract with the customer, as reflected in the transaction receipt, states the final terms of the sale, including the description, quantity, and price of each product purchased. Payment for the Company’s contracts is due in full upon delivery. The customer agrees to a stated price implicit in the contract. The transaction price relative to sales subject to a right of return reflects the amount of estimated consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled. This amount of variable consideration included in the transaction price, and measurement of net sales, is included in net sales only to the extent that it is probable that there will be no significant reversal in a future period. Actual amounts of consideration ultimately received may differ from the Company’s estimates. There were no material adjustments to the Company’s previous estimates. The allowance for sales returns is estimated based upon historical experience and a provision for estimated returns is recorded as a reduction in sales in the relevant period. The estimated right-of-return merchandise cost related to the sales returns is recorded as prepaid expense in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 30, 2018. If actual results in the future vary from the Company’s estimates, the Company adjusts these estimates, which would affect net sales and earnings in the period such variances become known. The Company has elected to apply the practical expedient, relative to e-commerce sales, which allows an entity to account for shipping and handling as fulfillment activities, and not a separate performance obligation. Accordingly, the Company recognizes revenue for only one performance obligation, the sale of the product, at shipping point (when the customer gains control). Revenue associated with e-commerce sales is not material. Contract liabilities are recognized primarily for stored-value card sales. Cash received from the sale of stored-value cards is recorded as a contract liability in accrued expenses, and the Company recognizes revenue upon the customer’s redemption of the stored-value card. Stored-value card breakage is recognized as revenue in proportion to the pattern of customer redemptions by applying a historical breakage rate of five percent. The Company does not sell or provide stored-value cards that carry expiration dates. The Company recognized $7.2 million and $7.5 million in stored-value card redemption revenue for fiscal 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company also recognized $0.4 million in stored-value card breakage revenue for fiscal 2018 and 2017. The Company had outstanding stored-value card liabilities of $7.0 million and $7.4 million The Company recorded, as prepaid expense, estimated right-of-return merchandise cost of $1.4 million related to estimated sales returns and recorded, as accrued expense, an allowance for sales returns reserve of $2.6 million as of December 30, 2018 under ASC 606, which would have been reported as a net liability of $1.2 million with no estimated right-of-return merchandise cost recorded as of December 30, 2018 under ASC 605. Cost of Sales Cost of sales includes the cost of merchandise, net of discounts or allowances earned, freight (including e-commerce shipping and handling costs), inventory reserves, buying, distribution center expense, including depreciation, and store occupancy expense. Store occupancy expense includes rent, amortization of leasehold improvements, common area maintenance, property taxes and insurance. Selling and Administrative Expense Selling and administrative expense includes store-related expense, other than store occupancy expense, as well as advertising, depreciation and amortization, expense associated with operating the Company’s corporate headquarters and impairment charges, if any. Vendor Allowances The Company receives allowances for co-operative advertising and volume purchase rebates earned through programs with certain vendors. The Company records a receivable for these allowances which are earned but not yet received when it is determined the amounts are probable and reasonably estimable. Amounts relating to the purchase of merchandise are treated as a reduction of inventory cost and reduce cost of goods sold as the merchandise is sold. Amounts that represent a reimbursement of costs incurred, such as advertising, are recorded as a reduction in selling and administrative expense. The Company performs detailed analyses to determine the appropriate amount of vendor allowances to be applied as a reduction of merchandise cost and selling and administrative expense. Advertising Expense Advertising is expensed when the advertising first occurs. Advertising expense, net of co-operative advertising allowances, amounted to $32.8 million and $37.9 million for fiscal 2018 and 2017, respectively. Advertising expense is included in selling and administrative expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The Company receives co-operative advertising allowances from certain product vendors in order to subsidize qualifying advertising and similar promotional expenditures made relating to vendors’ products. These advertising allowances are recognized as a reduction to selling and administrative expense when the Company incurs the advertising expense eligible for the credit. Co-operative advertising allowances recognized as a reduction to selling and administrative expense amounted to $5.1 million and $5.6 million for fiscal 2018 and 2017, respectively. Share-Based Compensation The Company accounts for its share-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation Pre-opening Costs Pre-opening costs for new stores, which are not material, consist primarily of payroll and recruiting expense, training, marketing, rent, travel and supplies, and are expensed as incurred. Cash Cash consists of cash on hand, and the Company has no cash equivalents. Book overdrafts are classified as current liabilities. Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable consist primarily of third party purchasing card receivables, amounts due from inventory vendors for returned products, volume purchase rebates or co-operative advertising, amounts due from lessors for tenant improvement allowances and insurance recovery receivables. Accounts receivable have not historically resulted in any material credit losses. An allowance for doubtful accounts is provided when accounts are determined to be uncollectible. Valuation of Merchandise Inventories, Net The Company’s merchandise inventories are made up of finished goods and are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value using the weighted-average cost method that approximates the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method. Average cost includes the direct purchase price of merchandise inventory, net of vendor allowances and cash discounts, in-bound freight-related expense and allocated overhead expense associated with the Company’s distribution center. Management regularly reviews inventories and records valuation reserves for damaged and defective merchandise, merchandise items with slow-moving or obsolescence exposure and merchandise that has a carrying value that exceeds net realizable value. Because of its merchandise mix, the Company has not historically experienced significant occurrences of obsolescence. Inventory shrinkage is accrued as a percentage of merchandise sales based on historical inventory shrinkage trends. The Company performs physical inventories of its stores at least once per year and cycle counts inventories at its distribution center throughout the year. The reserve for inventory shrinkage primarily represents an estimate for inventory shrinkage for each store since the last physical inventory date through the reporting date. These reserves are estimates, which could vary significantly, either favorably or unfavorably, from actual results if future economic conditions, consumer demand and competitive environments differ from expectations. Prepaid Expenses Prepaid expenses include the prepayment of various operating expenses such as insurance, rent, income and property taxes, software maintenance and supplies, which are expensed when the operating cost is realized. Property and Equipment, Net Property and equipment are stated at cost and are being depreciated or amortized utilizing the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:
Land
Indefinite
Buildings
20 years
Leasehold improvements
Shorter of estimated useful life or term of lease
Furniture and equipment
3 – 10 years
Internal-use software
3 – 7 years Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. The Company incurs costs to purchase and develop software for internal use. Costs related to the application development stage are capitalized and amortized over the estimated useful life of the software. Costs related to the design or maintenance of internal-use software are expensed as incurred. Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price over fair value of net assets acquired. Under ASC 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other The Company performed an annual impairment test as of the end of fiscal 2017, and determined that goodwill was fully impaired in fiscal 2017. See Note 4 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion on goodwill. Valuation of Long-Lived Assets The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Long-lived assets are reviewed for recoverability at the lowest level in which there are identifiable cash flows (“asset group”), usually at the store level. Each store typically requires net investments of approximately $0.5 million in long-lived assets to be held and used, subject to recoverability testing. The carrying amount of an asset group is not considered recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset group. If the asset group is determined not to be recoverable, then an impairment charge will be recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its fair value, determined using discounted cash flow valuation techniques, as defined in ASC 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment The Company determines the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the asset group by projecting future revenue, gross margin and operating expense for each store under evaluation for impairment. The estimates of future cash flows involve management judgment and are based upon assumptions about expected future operating performance. Assumptions used in these forecasts are consistent with internal planning, and include assumptions about sales growth rates, gross margins and operating expense in relation to the current economic environment and future expectations, competitive factors in various markets and inflation. The actual cash flows could differ from management’s estimates due to changes in business conditions, operating performance and economic conditions. In fiscal 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized non-cash impairment charges of $0.2 million and $0.6 million, respectively, related to certain underperforming stores. These impairment charges are included in selling and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations. See Note 5 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion on impairment of assets. Leases and Deferred Rent The Company accounts for its leases under the provisions of ASC 840, Leases The Company evaluates and classifies its leases as either operating or capital leases for financial reporting purposes. Operating lease commitments consist principally of leases for the Company’s retail store facilities, distribution center, corporate office, information technology hardware and distribution center delivery tractors. Capital lease obligations consist principally of leases for some of the Company’s information technology systems hardware. Certain of the leases for the Company’s retail store facilities provide for payments based on future sales volumes at the leased location, which are not measurable at the inception of the lease. These contingent rents are expensed as they accrue. Deferred rent represents the difference between rent paid and the amounts expensed for operating leases. Certain leases have scheduled rent increases, and certain leases include an initial period of free or reduced rent as an inducement to enter into the lease agreement (“rent holidays”). The Company recognizes rent expense for rent increases and rent holidays on a straight-line basis over the term of the underlying leases, without regard to when rent payments are made. The calculation of straight-line rent begins on the possession date and extends through the “reasonably assured” lease term as defined in ASC 840 and may exceed the initial non-cancelable lease term. Landlord allowances for tenant improvements, or lease incentives, are recorded as deferred rent and amortized on a straight-line basis over the “reasonably assured” lease term as a component of rent expense. The Company evaluates its leases relative to asset retirement obligations, and determined these amounts to be immaterial. Self-Insurance Liabilities The Company is self-insured for its various insurance risks and, in certain states, its estimated workers’ compensation liability risk. The Company also has a self-funded insurance program for a portion of its employee medical benefits. Under these programs, the Company maintains insurance coverage for losses in excess of specified per-occurrence amounts. Estimated expenses incurred under the self-insured workers’ compensation and medical benefits programs, including incurred but not reported claims, are recorded as expense based upon historical experience, trends of paid and incurred claims, and other actuarial assumptions. If actual claims trends under these programs, including the severity or frequency of claims, differ from the Company’s estimates, its financial results may be significantly impacted. The Company’s actuarially-estimated self-insurance liabilities, which are reported gross of expected workers’ compensation insurance reimbursements, are classified on the balance sheet as accrued expenses or other long-term liabilities based upon whether they are expected to be paid during or beyond the normal operating cycle of 12 months from the date of the consolidated financial statements. Self-insurance liabilities totaled $11.7 million and $11.6 million as of December 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, of which $5.3 million and $4.6 million were recorded as a component of accrued expenses as of December 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, and $6 .4 Income Taxes Under the asset and liability method prescribed within ASC 740, Income Taxes ASC 740 provides that a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position may be recognized when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. ASC 740 also provides guidance on measurement, derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. The Company’s practice is to recognize interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and penalties in selling and administrative expense. As of December 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had no accrued interest or penalties. Treasury Stock Purchases The Company repurchases its common stock in the open market pursuant to programs approved by its Board of Directors. The Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program for the purchase of up to $25.0 million of the Company’s common stock. Under the authorization, the Company may purchase shares from time to time in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions in compliance with the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Company may repurchase its common stock for a variety of reasons, including, among other things, its alternative cash requirements, existing business conditions and the current market price of its stock. However, the timing and amount of such purchases, if any, would be at the discretion of management and the Board of Directors. The Company repurchased 75,748 shares of common stock for $0.4 million in fiscal 2018 and repurchased 795,718 shares of common stock for $7.7 million in fiscal 2017. As of December 30, 2018, a total of $15.3 million remained available for share repurchases under its current share repurchase program. Concentration of Risk The Company maintains its cash accounts in financial institutions, and accounts at these institutions are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation up to $250,000. The Company primarily operates traditional sporting goods retail stores located in the western United States. Because of this, the Company is subject to regional risks, such as the economy, including downturns in the housing market, state financial conditions, unemployment and gas prices. Other regional risks include weather conditions, fires, droughts, earthquakes, power outages and other natural disasters specific to the states in which the Company operates. The Company relies on a single distribution center located in Riverside, California, which services all of its stores and e-commerce platform. Any natural disaster or other serious disruption to the distribution center due to fire, earthquake or any other cause could damage a significant portion of inventory and could materially impair the Company’s ability to adequately stock its stores and fulfill its e-commerce business. A substantial amount of the Company’s inventory is manufactured abroad. From time to time, shipping ports experience capacity constraints, labor strikes, work stoppages or other disruptions that may delay the delivery of imported products. A contract dispute may lead to protracted delays in the movement of the Company’s products, which could further delay the delivery of products to the Company’s stores and impact net sales and profitability. In addition, other conditions outside of the Company’s control, such as adverse weather conditions or acts of terrorism, could significantly disrupt operations at shipping ports or otherwise impact transportation of the imported merchandise we sell. The Company purchases merchandise from over 700 suppliers, and the Company’s 20 largest suppliers accounted for 41.7% of total purchases in fiscal 2018. One vendor represented greater than 5% of total purchases, at 11.6%, in fiscal 2018. A significant portion of the Company’s inventory is manufactured abroad in China and other countries. Foreign imports subject the Company to the risks of changes in, or the imposition of new, import tariffs, duties or quotas, new restrictions on imports, loss of “most favored nation” status with the United States for a particular foreign country, antidumping or countervailing duty orders, retaliatory actions in response to illegal trade practices, work stoppages, delays in shipment, freight expense increases, product cost increases due to foreign currency fluctuations or revaluations and economic uncertainties. If a disruption of trade were to occur from the countries in which the suppliers of the Company’s vendors are located, the Company may be unable to obtain sufficient quantities of products to satisfy its requirements, or the cost of obtaining products may increase. The Company could be exposed to credit risk in the event of nonperformance by any lender under its revolving credit facility. Instability in the financial and capital markets could bring additional potential risks to the Company, including higher costs of credit, potential lender defaults, and potential commercial bank failures. The Company has received no indication that any such events will negatively impact the lenders under its current revolving credit facility; however, the possibility does exist. |
