LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES | 5. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES Loans consisted of the following amounts: June 30, December 31, 2017 2016 (In thousands) Commercial real estate $ 716,831 $ 720,741 Residential real estate: Residential 545,966 522,083 Home equity 92,240 92,083 Commercial and industrial 244,014 222,286 Consumer 4,531 4,424 Total Loans 1,603,582 1,561,617 Unearned premiums and deferred loan fees and costs, net 5,082 4,867 Allowance for loan losses (10,418 ) (10,068 ) $ 1,598,246 $ 1,556,416 During the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, we purchased residential real estate loans aggregating $34.4 million and $70.4 million, respectively. We have transferred a portion of our originated commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans to participating lenders. The amounts transferred have been accounted for as sales and are therefore not included in our accompanying unaudited consolidated balance sheets. We share ratably with our participating lenders in any gains or losses that may result from a borrower’s lack of compliance with contractual terms of the loan. We continue to service the loans on behalf of the participating lenders and, as such, collect cash payments from the borrowers, remit payments (net of servicing fees) to participating lenders and disburse required escrow funds to relevant parties. At June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we serviced commercial loans for participants aggregating $33.9 million and $42.6 million, respectively. Mortgage loans serviced for others are not included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The unpaid balances of these loans totaled $69.9 million and $75.2 million at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Service fee income of $34,000 and $2,000 was recorded for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and is included in service charges and fees on the consolidated statements of net income. Residential real estate mortgages are originated by the Bank both for its portfolio and for sale into the secondary market. The Bank may sell its loans to institutional investors such as the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation. Under loan sale and servicing agreements with the investor, the Bank generally continues to service the residential real estate mortgages. The Bank pays the investor an agreed upon rate on the loan, which is less than the interest rate received from the borrower. The Bank retains the difference as a fee for servicing the residential real estate mortgages. The Bank capitalizes mortgage servicing rights at their fair value upon sale of the related loans, amortizes the asset over the estimated life of the serviced loan, and periodically assesses the asset for impairment. The significant assumptions used by a third party to estimate the fair value of capitalized servicing rights at June 30, 2017, include weighted average prepayment speed for the portfolio using the Public Securities Association Standard Prepayment Model (203 PSA), weighted average internal rate of return (10.05%), weighted average servicing fee (0.2501%), and average net cost to service loans ($58.30 per loan). The estimated fair value of capitalized servicing rights may vary significantly in subsequent periods primarily due to changing market interest rates, and their effect on prepayment speeds and discount rates. A summary of the activity in the balances of mortgage servicing rights follows: Three Months Six Months (In thousands) Balance at the beginning of period: $ 436 $ 465 Capitalized mortgage servicing rights — — Amortization (28 ) (57 ) Balance at the end of period $ 408 $ 408 Fair value at the end of period $ 570 $ 570 Prior to the acquisition of Chicopee in 2016, mortgage servicing rights were not material to the consolidated financial statements, and therefore, were not recorded. Loans are recorded at the principal amount outstanding, adjusted for charge-offs, unearned premiums and deferred loan fees and costs. Interest on loans is calculated using the effective yield method on daily balances of the principal amount outstanding and is credited to income on the accrual basis to the extent it is deemed collectable. Our general policy is to discontinue the accrual of interest when principal or interest payments are delinquent 90 days or more based on the contractual terms of the loan, or earlier if the loan is considered impaired. Any unpaid amounts previously accrued on these loans are reversed from income. Subsequent cash receipts are applied to the outstanding principal balance or to interest income if, in the judgment of management, collection of the principal balance is not in question. Loans are returned to accrual status when they become current as to both principal and interest and perform in accordance with contractual terms for a period of at least six months, reducing the concern as to the collectability of principal and interest. Loan fees and certain direct loan origination costs are deferred, and the net fee or cost is recognized as an adjustment to interest income over the estimated average lives of the related loans. The allowance for loan losses is established through provisions for loan losses charged to expense. Loans are charged-off against the allowance when management believes that the collectability of the principal is unlikely. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. The allowance for loan losses is evaluated on a regular basis by management. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available. The allowance consists of general, allocated, and unallocated components, as further described below. General component The general component of the allowance for loan losses is based on historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative factors stratified by the following loan segments: residential real estate (includes one-to-four family and home equity), commercial real estate, commercial and industrial, and consumer. Management uses a rolling average of historical losses based on a time frame appropriate to capture relevant loss data for each loan segment. This historical loss factor is adjusted for the following qualitative factors: trends in delinquencies and nonperforming loans; trends in volume and terms of loans; effects of changes in risk selection and underwriting standards and other changes in lending policies, procedures and practices; and national and local economic trends and industry conditions. There were no changes in our policies or methodology pertaining to the general component of the allowance for loan losses during the periods presented for disclosure. The qualitative factors are determined based on the various risk characteristics of each loan segment. Risk characteristics relevant to each portfolio segment are as follows: Residential real estate – We require private mortgage insurance for all loans originated with a loan-to-value ratio greater than 80% and we do not grant subprime loans. All loans in this segment are collateralized by owner-occupied residential real estate and repayment is dependent on the credit quality of the individual borrower. The overall health of the economy, including unemployment rates and housing prices, will have an effect on the credit quality in this segment. Home equity loans are secured by first or second mortgages on one-to-four family owner occupied properties. Commercial real estate – Loans in this segment are primarily income-producing investment properties and owner-occupied commercial properties throughout New England. The underlying cash flows generated by the properties or operations can be adversely impacted by a downturn in the economy due to increased vacancy rates or diminished cash flows, which in turn, would have an effect on the credit quality in this segment. Management obtains financial information annually and continually monitors the cash flows of these loans. Commercial and industrial loans – Loans in this segment are made to businesses and are generally secured by assets of the business. Repayment is expected from the cash flows of the business. A weakened economy, and resultant decreased consumer spending, will have an effect on the credit quality in this segment. Consumer loans – Loans in this segment are secured or unsecured and repayment is dependent on the credit quality of the individual borrower. Allocated component The allocated component relates to loans that are classified as impaired. Impaired loans are identified by analysis of loan performance, internal credit ratings and watch list loans that management believes are subject to a higher risk of loss. Impairment is measured on a loan by loan basis for commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. An allowance is established when the discounted cash flows (or collateral value) of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan. Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment. Accordingly, we do not separately identify individual consumer and residential real estate loans for impairment disclosures, unless such loans are subject to a troubled debt restructuring agreement. A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that we will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. We determine the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Unallocated component An unallocated component may be maintained to cover uncertainties that could affect management’s estimate of probable losses. The unallocated component of the allowance, if any, reflects the margin of imprecision inherent in the underlying assumptions used in the methodologies for estimating allocated and general reserves in the portfolio. An analysis of changes in the allowance for loan losses by segment for the periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 is as follows: Commercial Residential Commercial Consumer Unallocated Total (In thousands) Three Months Ended Balance at March 31, 2016 $ 3,786 $ 2,429 $ 2,590 $ 18 $ 32 $ 8,855 Provision (credit) 75 374 207 8 (39 ) 625 Charge-offs — — — (18 ) — (18 ) Recoveries 95 1 — 12 — 108 Balance at June 30, 2016 $ 3,956 $ 2,804 $ 2,797 $ 20 $ (7 ) $ 9,570 Balance at March 31, 2017 $ 4,334 $ 3,086 $ 2,744 $ 43 $ 20 $ 10,227 Provision (credit) 138 60 108 51 (7 ) 350 Charge-offs — (42 ) (120 ) (53 ) — (215 ) Recoveries — 22 22 12 — 56 Balance at June 30, 2017 $ 4,472 $ 3,126 $ 2,754 $ 53 $ 13 $ 10,418 Six Months Ended Balance at December 31, 2015 $ 3,856 $ 2,431 $ 2,485 $ 22 $ 46 $ 8,840 Provision (credit) (676 ) 422 312 20 (53 ) 25 Charge-offs (170 ) (50 ) — (40 ) — (260 ) Recoveries 946 1 — 18 — 965 Balance at June 30, 2016 $ 3,956 $ 2,804 $ 2,797 $ 20 $ (7 ) $ 9,570 Balance at December 31, 2016 $ 4,083 $ 2,862 $ 3,085 $ 38 $ — $ 10,068 Provision (credit) 307 281 (71 ) 120 13 650 Charge-offs (36 ) (41 ) (285 ) (133 ) — (495 ) Recoveries 118 24 25 28 — 195 Balance at June 30, 2017 $ 4,472 $ 3,126 $ 2,754 $ 53 $ 13 $ 10,418 Further information pertaining to the allowance for loan losses by segment at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 follows: Commercial Residential Commercial Consumer Unallocated Total (In thousands) June 30, 2017 Amount of allowance for impaired loans $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Amount of allowance for non-impaired loans 4,472 3,126 2,754 53 13 10,418 Total allowance for loan losses $ 4,472 $ 3,126 $ 2,754 $ 53 $ 13 $ 10,418 Impaired loans $ 3,974 $ 3,172 $ 3,823 $ 116 $ — $ 11,085 Non-impaired loans 698,314 630,866 239,084 4,415 — 1,572,679 Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality 14,543 4,168 1,107 — — 19,818 Total loans $ 716,831 $ 638,206 $ 244,014 $ 4,531 $ — $ 1,603,582 December 31, 2016 Amount of allowance for impaired loans $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Amount of allowance for non-impaired loans 4,083 2,862 3,085 38 — 10,068 Total allowance for loan losses 4,083 2,862 3,085 38 — 10,068 Impaired loans 3,335 452 3,042 — — 6,829 Non-impaired loans 701,766 609,107 217,972 4,424 — 1,533,269 Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality 15,640 4,607 1,272 — — 21,519 Total loans $ 720,741 $ 614,166 $ 222,286 $ 4,424 $ — $ 1,561,617 The following is a summary of past due and non-accrual loans by class at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016: 30 – 59 Days 60 – 89 Days Greater than Total Past Past Due 90 Loans on Non- (In thousands) June 30, 2017 Commercial real estate $ 342 $ — $ 136 $ 478 $ — 2,185 Residential real estate: Residential 215 243 638 1,096 — 1,576 Home equity 290 246 — 536 — 36 Commercial and industrial 374 15 104 493 — 3,651 Consumer 59 6 29 94 — 37 Total legacy loans 1,280 510 907 2,697 — 7,485 Loans acquired from Chicopee Savings Bank 2,860 557 1,126 4,543 — 6,507 Total $ 4,140 $ 1,067 $ 2,033 $ 7,240 $ — $ 13,992 December 31, 2016 Commercial real estate $ 302 $ 555 $ 137 $ 994 $ — $ 2,740 Residential real estate: Residential 791 262 689 1,742 — 1,658 Home equity 208 36 — 244 — 37 Commercial and industrial 326 32 — 358 — 3,214 Consumer 27 9 7 43 — 14 Total legacy loans 1,654 894 833 3,381 — 7,663 Loans acquired from Chicopee Savings Bank 3,854 1,907 551 6,312 — 6,394 Total past due loans $ 5,508 $ 2,801 $ 1,384 $ 9,693 $ — $ 14,057 The following is a summary of impaired loans by class at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016: Impaired Loans (1)(2) Three Months Ended Six Months Ended (1) At June 30, 2017 (1) June 30, 2017 June 30, 2017 Recorded Unpaid Average Interest Average Interest (In thousands) Impaired loans without a valuation allowance: Commercial real estate $ 18,517 $ 20,982 $ 19,202 $ 234 $ 19,316 $ 451 Residential real estate 7,093 7,612 6,822 11 6,314 23 Home equity 247 338 249 1 187 2 Commercial and industrial 4,930 11,336 4,740 67 4,586 129 Consumer 116 120 93 — 64 — Total impaired loans $ 30,903 $ 40,388 $ 31,106 $ 313 $ 30,467 $ 605 (1) Impaired Loans Three Months Ended Six Months Ended At December 31, 2016 (1) June 30, 2016 June 30, 2016 Recorded Unpaid Average Interest Average Interest (In thousands) Impaired loans without a valuation allowance: Commercial real estate $ 18,975 $ 21,330 $ 3,549 $ 20 $ 3,583 $ 32 Residential real estate 5,059 5,676 507 — 466 — Commercial and industrial 4,314 11,049 3,531 — 3,472 — Total impaired loans $ 28,348 $ 38,055 $ 7,587 $ 20 $ 7,521 $ 32 (1) No interest income was recognized for impaired loans on a cash-basis method during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 or 2016. Interest income recognized on impaired loans during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 related to TDRs. We may periodically agree to modify the contractual terms of loans. When a loan is modified and a concession is made to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty, the modification is considered a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”). These concessions could include a reduction in the interest rate on the loan, payment When we modify loans in a TDR, we measure impairment similar to other impaired loans based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the contractual interest rate of the original loan agreement, or use the current fair value of the collateral, less selling costs for collateral dependent loans. If we determine that the value of the modified loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan (net of previous charge-offs, deferred loan fees or costs and unamortized premium or discount), impairment is recognized through an allowance estimate or a charge-off to the allowance. In periods subsequent to modification, we evaluate all TDRs, including those that have payment defaults, for possible impairment and recognize impairment through the allowance. Nonperforming TDRs are shown as nonperforming assets. There were no loans modified in TDRs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017. A substandard impaired loan relationship in the amount of $5.1 million was designated a TDR during the three months ended June 30, 2016. The bank entered into a forbearance agreement which offered an interest only period. Due to the borrower continuing to experience declining sales, the interest only period was extended during the second quarter of 2016, resulting in the TDR classification. The loans are on non-accrual and are current. The loans are measured for impairment quarterly and appropriate reserves/charge offs have been taken. Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, 2016 June 30, 2016 Number of Pre- Post- Number of Pre- Post- (Dollars in thousands) (Dollars in thousands) Troubled Debt Restructurings Commercial Real Estate 1 $ 1,975 $ 1,975 1 $ 1,975 $ 1,975 Commercial and Industrial 2 3,135 3,135 3 3,150 3,150 Residential — — — 2 164 164 Total 3 $ 5,110 $ 5,110 6 $ 5,289 $ 5,289 A default occurs when a loan is 30 days or more past due. No TDRs defaulted within twelve months of restructuring during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 or 2016. There were no charge-offs on TDRs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016. Loans Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality The following is a summary of loans acquired with evidence of credit deterioration from Chicopee as of June 30, 2017. Contractual Cash Expected Non- Accretable Loans (In thousands) Balance at December 31, 2016 $ 37,437 $ 29,040 $ 8,397 $ 7,521 $ 21,519 Collections (2,314 ) (1,981 ) (333 ) (692 ) (1,289 ) Dispositions (632 ) (406 ) (226 ) 6 (412 ) Balance at June 30, 2017 $ 34,491 $ 26,653 $ 7,838 $ 6,835 $ 19,818 Credit Quality Information We utilize an eight-grade internal loan rating system for commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans. Performing residential real estate, home equity and consumer loans are grouped with “Pass” rated loans. Nonperforming residential real estate, home equity and consumer loans are monitored individually for impairment and risk rated as “Substandard.” Loans rated 1 – 3 are considered “Pass” rated loans with low to average risk. Loans rated 4 are considered “Pass Watch,” which represent loans to borrowers with declining earnings, losses, or strained cash flow. Loans rated 5 are considered “Special Mention.” These loans exhibit potential credit weaknesses or downward trends and are being closely monitored by us. Loans rated 6 are considered “Substandard.” Generally, a loan is considered substandard if the borrower exhibits a well-defined weakness that may be inadequately protected by the current net worth and cash flow capacity to pay the current debt. Loans rated 7 are considered “Doubtful.” Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, highly questionable and improbable and that a partial loss of principal is likely. Loans rated 8 are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as loans is not warranted. On an annual basis, or more often if needed, we formally review the ratings on all commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans. Construction loans are reported within commercial real estate loans and total $66.2 million and $88.9 million at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. We engage an independent third party to review a significant portion of loans within these segments on a semi-annual basis. We use the results of these reviews as part of our annual review process. In addition, management utilizes delinquency reports, the watch list and other loan reports to monitor credit quality in other segments. The following table presents our loans by risk rating at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016: Commercial Residential Home Commercial Consumer Total (In thousands) June 30, 2017 Loans rated 1 – 3 $ 661,602 $ 540,028 $ 92,048 $ 191,012 $ 4,410 $ 1,489,100 Loans rated 4 32,529 — — 37,764 5 70,298 Loans rated 5 12,594 — — 5,920 — 18,514 Loans rated 6 10,106 5,938 192 9,318 116 25,670 $ 716,831 $ 545,966 $ 92,240 $ 244,014 $ 4,531 $ 1,603,582 December 31, 2016 Loans rated 1 – 3 $ 673,957 $ 516,339 $ 91,964 $ 180,675 $ 4,391 $ 1,467,326 Loans rated 4 24,207 — — 16,621 6 40,834 Loans rated 5 14,068 — — 6,727 — 20,795 Loans rated 6 6,604 5,744 119 15,379 27 27,873 Loans rated 7 1,905 — — 2,884 — 4,789 $ 720,741 $ 522,083 $ 92,083 $ 222,286 $ 4,424 $ 1,561,617 |