LOANS | 3. LOANS Major classifications of loans as of the dates indicated were as follows: December 31, December 31, 2022 2021 (In thousands) Commercial real estate $ 1,069,323 $ 979,969 Residential real estate: Residential one-to-four family 589,503 552,332 Home equity 105,557 99,759 Total residential real estate 695,060 652,091 Commercial and industrial: Paycheck protection program (“PPP”) loans 2,274 25,329 Commercial and industrial 217,574 201,340 Total commercial and industrial 219,848 226,669 Consumer 5,045 4,250 Total gross loans 1,989,276 1,862,979 Unamortized PPP loan fees (109 ) (781 ) Unearned premiums and deferred loan fees and costs, net 2,233 2,518 Total loans, net 1,991,400 1,864,716 Allowance for loan losses (19,931 ) (19,787 ) Net loans $ 1,971,469 $ 1,844,929 Loans Serviced for Others. The Company has transferred a portion of its originated commercial loans to participating lenders. The amounts transferred have been accounted for as sales and are therefore not included in our accompanying consolidated balance sheets. We continue to service the loans on behalf of the participating lenders. We share with participating lenders, on a pro-rata basis, any gains or losses that may result from a borrower’s lack of compliance with contractual terms of the loan. At December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company was servicing commercial loans participated out to various other institutions totaling $ 70.5 63.2 Residential real estate mortgages are originated by the Bank both for its portfolio and for sale into the secondary market. The Bank may sell its loans to institutional investors such as the FHLMC. Under loan sale and servicing agreements with the investor, the Bank generally continues to service the residential real estate mortgages. The Bank pays the investor an agreed upon rate on the loan, which is less than the interest rate received from the borrower. The Bank retains the difference as a fee for servicing the residential real estate mortgages. The Bank capitalizes mortgage servicing rights at their fair value upon sale of the related loans, amortizes the asset over the estimated life of the serviced loan, and periodically assesses the asset for impairment. The significant assumptions used by a third party to estimate the fair value of capitalized servicing rights at December 31, 2022, include weighted average prepayment speed for the portfolio using the Public Securities Association Standard Prepayment Model ( 105 10.01 0.25 83.71 277,000 59.7 2,000 1.4 At December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company was servicing residential mortgage loans owned by investors totaling $ 79.3 88.2 208,000 137,000 A summary of the activity in the balances of mortgage servicing rights follows: Years Ended December 31, 2022 2021 (In thousands) Balance at the beginning of year: $ 693 $ 153 Capitalized mortgage servicing rights 2 628 Amortization (145 ) (86 ) Write-down of mortgage servicing asset to fair value — (2 ) Balance at the end of year $ 550 $ 693 Fair value at the end of year $ 794 $ 739 Allowance for Loan Losses. An analysis of changes in the allowance for loan losses by segment for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 is as follows: Commercial Real Estate Residential Real Estate Commercial and Industrial Consumer Unallocated Total (In thousands) Balance at December 31, 2019 $ 6,807 $ 3,920 $ 3,183 $ 203 $ (11 ) $ 14,102 Provision 6,262 408 939 129 37 7,775 Charge-offs (107 ) (177 ) (543 ) (136 ) — (963 ) Recoveries 58 89 51 45 — 243 Balance at December 31, 2020 $ 13,020 $ 4,240 $ 3,630 $ 241 $ 26 $ 21,157 Provision (credit) 46 (349 ) (644 ) 35 (13 ) (925 ) Charge-offs (103 ) (44 ) (370 ) (128 ) — (645 ) Recoveries 7 117 27 49 — 200 Balance at December 31, 2021 $ 12,970 $ 3,964 $ 2,643 $ 197 $ 13 $ 19,787 Provision (credit) (434 ) 344 586 202 2 700 Charge-offs (337 ) (28 ) (92 ) (216 ) — (673 ) Recoveries — 32 23 62 — 117 Balance at December 31, 2022 $ 12,199 $ 4,312 $ 3,160 $ 245 $ 15 $ 19,931 The following table presents information pertaining to the allowance for loan losses by segment as of the dates indicated: Commercial Real Estate Residential Real Estate Commercial and Industrial Consumer Unallocated Total (In thousands) December 31, 2022 Amount of allowance for impaired loans $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Amount of allowance for non-impaired loans 12,199 4,312 3,160 245 15 19,931 Total allowance for loan losses $ 12,199 $ 4,312 $ 3,160 $ 245 $ 15 $ 19,931 Impaired loans $ 9,178 $ 3,623 $ 407 $ — $ — $ 13,208 Non-impaired loans 1,056,886 689,776 219,163 5,045 — 1,970,870 Impaired loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality 3,259 1,661 278 — — 5,198 Total loans $ 1,069,323 $ 695,060 $ 219,848 $ 5,045 $ — $ 1,989,276 Commercial Real Estate Residential Real Estate Commercial and Industrial Consumer Unallocated Total December 31, 2021 (1) Amount of allowance for impaired loans (1) $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Amount of allowance for non-impaired loans (1) 12,970 3,964 2,643 197 13 19,787 Total allowance for loan losses (1) $ 12,970 $ 3,964 $ 2,643 $ 197 $ 13 $ 19,787 Impaired loans (1) $ 9,601 $ 3,223 $ 699 $ 22 $ — $ 13,545 Non-impaired loans (1) 965,577 647,098 200,271 4,228 — 1,817,174 Impaired loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality (1) 4,791 1,770 370 — — 6,931 Total loans (1) $ 979,969 $ 652,091 $ 201,340 $ 4,250 $ — $ 1,837,650 (1) December 31, 2021 non-impaired loan balances exclude PPP loans. Past Due and Nonaccrual loans. The following tables present an age analysis of past due loans as of the dates indicated: 30 – 59 Days Past Due 60 – 89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due Total Past Due Loans Total Current Loans Total Loans Nonaccrual Loans (In thousands) December 31, 2022 Commercial real estate $ — $ 211 $ 1,404 $ 1,615 $ 1,067,708 $ 1,069,323 $ 1,933 Residential real estate: Residential one-to-four family 1,768 100 414 2,282 587,221 589,503 3,290 Home equity 209 97 51 357 105,200 105,557 181 Commercial and industrial 170 10 22 202 219,646 219,848 290 Consumer 13 — — 13 5,032 5,045 — Total loans $ 2,160 $ 418 $ 1,891 $ 4,469 $ 1,984,807 $ 1,989,276 $ 5,694 December 31, 2021 (1) Commercial real estate $ 139 $ — $ 436 $ 575 $ 979,394 $ 979,969 $ 1,224 Residential real estate: Residential one-to-four family 787 41 507 1,335 550,997 552,332 3,214 Home equity 57 5 63 125 99,634 99,759 94 Commercial and industrial 58 10 22 90 201,250 201,340 410 Consumer 5 — 11 16 4,234 4,250 22 Total loans $ 1,046 $ 56 $ 1,039 $ 2,141 $ 1,835,509 $ 1,837,650 $ 4,964 (1) December 31, 2021 balances exclude PPP loans. At December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, all loans past due 90 days or more were carried as nonaccrual. The ratio of nonaccrual loans to total loans was 0.29 0.27 Impaired Loans. The following is a summary of impaired loans by class: Year Ended At December 31, 2022 December 31, 2022 Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Impaired Loans (1) (In thousands) Commercial real estate $ 12,437 $ 13,795 $ — $ 13,427 $ 248 Residential real estate: Residential one-to-four family 5,088 5,823 — 4,792 59 Home equity 196 214 — 172 1 Commercial and industrial 685 3,095 — 891 66 Consumer — — — 3 — Total impaired loans $ 18,406 $ 22,927 $ — $ 19,285 $ 374 (1) Includes loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality and performing troubled debt restructurings. Year Ended At December 31, 2021 December 31, 2021 Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Impaired Loans (1) (In thousands) Commercial real estate $ 14,392 $ 15,563 $ — $ 15,757 $ 469 Residential real estate: Residential one-to-four family 4,881 5,381 — 5,693 233 Home equity 112 136 — 146 7 Commercial and industrial 1,069 3,850 — 2,551 131 Consumer 22 37 — 25 3 Total impaired loans $ 20,476 $ 24,967 $ — $ 24,172 $ 843 (1) Includes loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality and performing troubled debt restructurings. The majority of impaired loans are included within the nonaccrual balances; however, not every loan on nonaccrual status has been designated as impaired. Impaired loans include loans that have been modified in a TDR. Impaired loans are individually evaluated and exclude large groups of smaller-balance homogeneous loans, such as residential mortgage loans and consumer loans, which are collectively evaluated for impairment, and loans that are measured at fair value, unless the loan is amended in a TDR. All payments received on impaired loans in nonaccrual status are applied to principal. There was no interest income recognized on nonaccrual impaired loans during the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The Company’s obligation to fulfill the additional funding commitments on impaired loans is generally contingent on the borrower’s compliance with the terms of the credit agreement. If the borrower is not in compliance, additional funding commitments may or may not be made at the Company’s discretion. As of December 31, 2022, we have not committed to lend any additional funds for loans that are classified as impaired. Payments received on impaired loans in accrual status are recorded in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan. Troubled Debt Restructurings. Loans are designated as a TDR when, as part of an agreement to modify the original contractual terms of the loan as a result of financial difficulties of the borrower, the Bank grants the borrower a concession on the terms, that would not otherwise be considered. Typically, such concessions may consist of a reduction in interest rate to a below market rate, taking into account the credit quality of the note, extension of additional credit based on receipt of adequate collateral, or a deferment or reduction of payments (principal or interest) which materially alters the Bank’s position or significantly extends the note’s maturity date, such that the present value of cash flows to be received is materially less than those contractually established at the loan’s origination. All loans that are modified are reviewed by the Company to identify if a TDR has occurred. All TDR loans are classified as impaired. When we modify loans in a TDR, we measure impairment similar to other impaired loans based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the contractual interest rate of the original loan agreement, or use the current fair value of the collateral, less selling costs for collateral dependent loans. If we determine that the value of the modified loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan (net of previous charge-offs, deferred loan fees or costs and unamortized premium or discount), impairment is recognized through a specific allowance or a charge-off to the allowance. Nonperforming TDRs are included in nonperforming loans. There were no charge-offs on TDRs during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, no TDRs defaulted (defined as 30 days or more past due) within 12 months of restructuring. Loans Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality. The following is a summary of loans acquired with evidence of credit deterioration from Chicopee as of December 31, 2022. Contractual Required Payments Receivable Cash Expected To Be Collected Non-Accretable Discount Accretable Yield Loans Receivable (In thousands) Balance at December 31, 2021 $ 12,134 $ 9,430 $ 2,704 $ 2,499 $ 6,931 Collections (1,792 ) (1,576 ) (216 ) (213 ) (1,363 ) Dispositions (589 ) (439 ) (150 ) (69 ) (370 ) Balance at December 31, 2022 $ 9,753 $ 7,415 $ 2,338 $ 2,217 $ 5,198 Credit Quality Information. The Company utilizes an eight-grade internal loan rating system for commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans. Performing residential real estate, home equity and consumer loans are grouped with “Pass” rated loans. Nonperforming residential real estate, home equity and consumer loans are monitored individually for impairment and risk rated as “substandard.” Loans rated 1 – 4 Loans rated 5 Special Mention Loans rated 6 Substandard Loans rated 7 Doubtful Loans rated 8 On an annual basis, or more often if needed, we formally review the ratings on all commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans. In addition, management utilizes delinquency reports, the criticized report and other loan reports to monitor credit quality. In addition, at least on an annual basis, the Company contracts with an external loan review company to review the internal credit ratings assigned to loans in the commercial loan portfolio on a pre-determined schedule, based on the type, size, rating, and overall risk of the loan. During the course of their review, the third party examines a sample of loans, including new loans, existing relationships over certain dollar amounts and classified assets. The following table presents our loans by risk rating for the periods indicated: Commercial Real Estate Residential One-to-Four Family Home Equity Commercial and Industrial Consumer Total (In thousands) December 31, 2022 Pass (Rated 1 – 4) $ 1,036,337 $ 585,292 $ 105,248 $ 193,415 $ 5,027 $ 1,925,319 Special Mention (Rated 5) 16,035 — — 5,623 — 21,658 Substandard (Rated 6) 16,951 4,211 309 20,810 18 42,299 Total $ 1,069,323 $ 589,503 $ 105,557 $ 219,848 $ 5,045 $ 1,989,276 Commercial Real Estate Residential One-to-Four Family Home Equity Commercial and Industrial Consumer Total December 31, 2021 (In thousands) Pass (Rated 1 – 4) $ 913,063 $ 547,980 $ 99,503 $ 215,605 $ 4,228 $ 1,780,379 Special Mention (Rated 5) 48,765 — — 2,777 — 51,542 Substandard (Rated 6) 18,141 4,352 256 8,287 22 31,058 Total $ 979,969 $ 552,332 $ 99,759 $ 226,669 $ 4,250 $ 1,862,979 |