Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation and Foreign Currency Translation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include those of iRobot and its subsidiaries, after elimination of all intercompany balances and transactions. In addition, certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. iRobot has prepared the accompanying consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). For the Company's subsidiaries that transact in a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar, assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at period-end foreign exchange rates. Revenues and expenses are translated into U.S. dollars at the average foreign exchange rates for the period. Translation adjustments are excluded from the determination of net income and are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a separate component of stockholders' equity. Use of Estimates The preparation of these financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenue and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements. These estimates and judgments, include but are not limited to, revenue recognition (specifically sales returns and other allowances); valuation of goodwill and acquired intangible assets; accounting for business combinations; evaluating loss contingencies; and accounting for income taxes and related valuation allowances. The Company bases these estimates and judgments on historical experience, market participant fair value considerations, projected future cash flows and various other factors that the Company believes are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from the Company’s estimates. Fiscal Year-End The Company operates and reports using a 52 -53 week fiscal year ending on the Saturday closest to December 31. Accordingly, the Company’s fiscal quarters end on the Saturday that falls closest to the last day of the third month of each quarter. Revenue Recognition The Company primarily derives its revenue from product sales. Until the divestiture of the defense and security business unit in April 2016 (see Note 4), the Company also generated minimal revenue from government and commercial research and development contracts. The Company sells products directly to customers and indirectly through resellers and distributors. The Company recognizes revenue from sales of robots under the terms of the customer agreement upon transfer of title and risk of loss to the customer, net of estimated returns and allowances, provided that collection is determined to be reasonably assured and no significant obligations remain. Beginning in the third quarter of 2015, the Company introduced its first connected robot. Each sale of a connected robot represents a multiple-element arrangement containing the robot, an app and potential future unspecified software upgrades. Revenue is allocated to the deliverables based on their relative selling prices which have been determined using best estimate of selling price (BESP), as the Company has not been able to establish vendor specific objective evidence (VSOE) or obtain relevant third party evidence (TPE). Revenue allocated to the app and unspecified software upgrades is then deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the period in which the Company expects to provide the upgrades, which is the estimated life of the robot. Sales to retailers of consumer robots are typically subject to agreements allowing for limited rights of return, rebates and price protection. The Company also provides limited rights of returns for direct-to-consumer sales generated through its on-line stores and certain international distributors. Accordingly, the Company reduces revenue for its estimates of liabilities for these rights of return, rebates, and price protection, as well as discounts and promotions, at the time the related sale is recorded. The estimates for rights of return are directly based on specific terms and conditions included in the customer agreements, historical returns experience and various other assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable under the circumstances. In the case of new product introductions, the estimates for returns applied to the new products are based upon the estimates for the most similar predecessor products until such time that the Company has enough actual returns experience for the new products, which is typically two holiday return cycles. At that time, the Company incorporates that data into the development of returns estimates for the new products. The Company updates its analysis of returns on a quarterly basis. If actual returns differ significantly from the Company's estimates, or if modifications to individual customer agreements are entered into that impact their rights of returns, such differences could result in an adjustment to previously established reserves and could have a material impact, either favorably or unfavorably, on the Company’s results of operations for the period in which the actual returns become known or the agreement is modified. In 2016, the Company began selling to one domestic distributor under an agreement that provides product return privileges. As a result, the Company recognizes revenue from sales to this distributor when the product is resold by the distributor. The estimates and adjustments for rebates and price protection are based on specific programs, expected usage and historical experience. Actual results could differ from these estimates. As of December 30, 2017, the Company has reserves for product returns of $42.7 million , discounts and promotions of $58.2 million and price protection of $3.1 million . As of December 31, 2016, the Company had reserves for product returns of $27.7 million , discounts and promotions of $ 22.1 million and price protection of $1.5 million. Prior to the Company's divestiture of the defense and security business unit in April 2016 (see Note 4), the Company generated minimal revenue from government contracts. Under cost-plus-fixed-fee (CPFF) type contracts, the Company recognized revenue based on costs incurred plus a pro rata portion of the total fixed fee. Costs incurred included labor and material that were directly associated with individual CPFF contracts plus indirect overhead and general and administrative type costs based upon billing rates submitted by the Company to the Defense Contract Management Agency (DCMA). Annually, the Company submitted final indirect billing rates to DCMA based upon actual costs incurred throughout the year. In the situation where the Company’s final actual billing rates are greater than the estimated rates used, the Company records a cumulative revenue adjustment in the period in which the rate differential is collected from the customer. These final billing rates are subject to audit by the Defense Contract Audit Agency (DCAA), which can occur several years after the final billing rates are submitted and may result in material adjustments to revenue recognized based on estimated final billing rates. As of December 30, 2017, fiscal year 2016 is open for audit by DCAA. In the situation where the Company’s anticipated actual billing rates will be lower than the provisional rates used, the Company records a cumulative revenue adjustment in the period in which the rate differential is identified. Revenue on firm fixed price (FFP) contracts was recognized using the percentage-of-completion method. For government product FFP contracts, revenue was recognized as the product was shipped or in accordance with the contract terms. Costs and estimated gross margins on contracts were recorded as revenue as work was performed based on the percentage that incurred costs compared to estimated total costs utilizing the most recent estimates of costs and funding. Revenue earned in excess of billings, if any, was recorded as unbilled revenue. Billings in excess of revenue earned, if any, were recorded as deferred revenue. Business Combinations The Company accounts for transactions that represent business combinations under the acquisition method of accounting. The Company allocates the total consideration paid for each acquisition to the assets it acquires and liabilities it assumes based on their fair values as of the date of acquisition, including identifiable intangible assets. The Company bases the fair value of identifiable intangible assets acquired in a business combination on valuations that use information and assumptions determined by management and which consider management’s best estimates of inputs and assumptions that a market participant would use. While the Company uses its best estimates and assumptions as part of the purchase price allocation process to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the business combination date, its estimates and assumptions are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, which is generally one year from the acquisition date, any adjustment to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recorded against goodwill in the period in which the amount is determined. Any adjustment identified subsequent to the measurement period is included in operating results in the period in which the amount is determined. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original or remaining maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. The Company invests its excess cash primarily in money market funds or savings accounts of major financial institutions. Accordingly, its cash equivalents are subject to minimal credit and market risk. At December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , cash equivalents were comprised of money market funds totaling $3.2 million and $157.0 million , respectively. These cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. Short Term Investments The Company’s investments are classified as available-for-sale and are recorded at fair value with any unrealized gain or loss recorded as an element of stockholders’ equity. The fair value of investments is determined based on quoted market prices at the reporting date for those instruments. As of December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , investments consisted of: December 30, December 31, Cost Fair Cost Fair (In thousands) Corporate and government bonds $ 37,767 $ 37,225 $ 40,439 $ 39,930 Total short term investments $ 37,767 $ 37,225 $ 40,439 $ 39,930 As of December 30, 2017 , the Company’s investments had maturity dates ranging from March 2018 to September 2020. The Company invests primarily in investment grade securities and limits the amount of investment in any single issuer. Accounts receivable allowances Allowance for product returns : The Company records an allowance for product returns for the estimated amount of product that may be returned. The allowance is based on specific terms and conditions included in the customer agreements, historical returns experience and various other assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable under the circumstances. Allowance for discounts and promotions : The Company records an allowance for discounts and promotions related to promotional marketing support, contractual discounts, etc. The allowance is based on specific programs, expected usage and historical experience. Allowance for price protection : The Company records an allowance for price protection for the estimated amount of support expected to be provided to customers for product transitions. The allowance is based on specific programs, expected usage and historical experience. Allowance for doubtful accounts : The Company records an allowance for doubtful accounts for the estimated amount of accounts receivable that may not be collected. The allowance is based on an assessment of customer creditworthiness, historical payment experience and the age of outstanding receivables. Activity related to accounts receivable allowances was as follows: Fiscal Year Ended December 30, December 31, January 2, (In thousands) Allowance for product returns Balance at beginning of period $ 27,673 $ 25,992 $ 27,449 Acquired balance 6,088 — — Provision 54,981 33,992 27,432 Deduction (43,831 ) (28,826 ) (21,979 ) Other adjustments (2,218 ) (3,485 ) (6,910 ) Balance at end of period $ 42,693 $ 27,673 $ 25,992 Allowance for discounts and promotions Balance at beginning of period $ 22,108 $ 23,005 $ 10,749 Acquired balance 11,932 — — Provision 107,390 45,869 39,482 Deduction (79,652 ) (46,610 ) (26,587 ) Other adjustments (3,567 ) (156 ) (639 ) Balance at end of period $ 58,211 $ 22,108 $ 23,005 Allowance for price protection Balance at beginning of period $ 1,550 $ — $ — Acquired balance — — — Provision 3,215 1,550 — Deduction (1,617 ) — — Other adjustments — — — Balance at end of period $ 3,148 $ 1,550 $ — Allowance for doubtful accounts Balance at beginning of period $ 29 $ 33 $ 67 Acquired balance 248 — — Provision 1 — — Deduction (2 ) (4 ) (34 ) Other adjustments — — — Balance at end of period $ 276 $ 29 $ 33 Inventory Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value with cost being determined using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. The Company maintains a reserve for inventory items to provide for an estimated amount of excess or obsolete inventory. Warranty The Company typically provides a one -year warranty (with the exception of European consumer products, which typically have a two -year warranty period) against defects in materials and workmanship and will either repair the goods, provide replacement products at no charge to the customer or refund amounts to the customer for defective products. The Company records estimated warranty costs, based on historical experience by product, at the time revenue is recognized. Actual results could differ from these estimates, which could cause increases or decreases to the warranty reserves in future periods. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are recorded at cost and consist primarily of computer equipment, leasehold improvements, business applications software and machinery. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives as follows: Estimated Useful Life Computer and research equipment 2-5 years Furniture 5 Machinery 2-5 Tooling 2-5 Business applications software 5-7 Capital leases and leasehold improvements Lesser of economic benefit period or term of lease Expenditures for additions, renewals and betterments of property and equipment are capitalized. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. As assets are retired or sold, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is credited or charged to operations. Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price in a business combination over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized but rather is assessed for impairment at the reporting unit level (operating segment or one level below an operating segment) annually or more frequently if the Company believes indicators of impairment exist. Goodwill impairment, if any, is determined by comparing the reporting unit's fair value to its carrying value. An impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the excess of the reporting unit's carrying value over its fair value, up to the amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. The Company completes the annual impairment evaluation during the fourth quarter each year. Other long-lived assets consist principally of completed technology, tradename, customer relationships, reacquired distribution rights and non-competition agreements. Reacquired distribution rights are amortized on an accelerated basis while all other intangible assets are amortized over their respective estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis, consistent with the pattern in which the economic benefits are being utilized. The Company periodically evaluates the recoverability of other long-lived assets whenever events and changes in circumstances, such as reductions in demand or significant economic slowdowns in the industry, indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be fully recoverable. When indicators of impairment are present, the carrying values of the asset group are evaluated in relation to the future undiscounted cash flows of the underlying business. The net book value of the underlying asset is adjusted to fair value if the sum of the expected discounted cash flows is less than book value. Fair values are based on estimates of market prices and assumptions concerning the amount and timing of estimated future cash flows and assumed discount rates, reflecting varying degrees of perceived risk. The impairment assessment of goodwill and other long-lived assets involves significant estimates and assumptions, which may be unpredictable and inherently uncertain. These estimates and assumptions include identification of reporting units and asset groups, long-term growth rates, profitability, estimated useful lives, comparable market multiples, and discount rates. Any changes in these assumptions could impact the result of the impairment assessment. Other Assets At December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , other assets consisted primarily of cost and an equity method investment totaling $14.2 million and $12.9 million , respectively. The Company regularly monitors these investments to determine if facts and circumstances have changed in a manner that would require a change in accounting methodology. Additionally, the Company regularly evaluates whether or not these investments have been impaired by considering such factors as economic environment, market conditions, operational performance and other specific factors relating to the businesses underlying the investments. If any such impairment is identified, a reduction in the carrying value of the investments would be recorded at that time. Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities The Company utilizes derivative instruments to hedge specific financial risks including foreign exchange risk. The Company does not engage in speculative hedging activity. In order to account for a derivative instrument as a hedge, specific criteria must be met, including: (i) ensuring at the inception of the hedge that formal documentation exists for both the hedging relationship and the entity’s risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge and (ii) at the inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis, the hedging relationship is expected to be highly effective in achieving offsetting changes in fair value attributed to the hedged risk during the period that the hedge is designated. Further, an assessment of effectiveness is required whenever financial statements or earnings are reported. Absent meeting these criteria, changes in fair value are recognized in other income, net, in the consolidated statements of income. Once the underlying forecasted transaction is realized, the gain or loss from the derivative designated as a hedge of the transaction is reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to the statement of income, in revenue or cost of revenue. Any ineffective portion of the derivatives designated as cash flow hedges is recognized in current earnings. Fair Value Measurements The Company accounts for certain assets and liabilities at fair value. The fair value is established based on a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include: • Level 1 - observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets; • Level 2 - inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and • Level 3 - unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions. Stock-Based Compensation The Company accounts for stock-based compensation through recognition of the fair value of the stock-based compensation as a charge against earnings. The fair value of employee stock options is estimated at the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The fair value for restricted stock awards, time-based restricted stock units and performance-based restricted stock units is based on the closing share price of the Company's common stock on the date of grant. For performance-based restricted stock units, the compensation cost is recognized based on the number of units expected to vest upon the achievement of the performance conditions. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation as expense over the requisite service period. The Company has elected to account for forfeitures as they occur, rather than applying an estimated forfeiture rate, following its adoption of ASU 2016-09 in the first quarter of 2017. Research and Development Costs incurred in the research and development of the Company’s products are expensed as incurred. Internal Use Software The Company capitalizes costs associated with the development and implementation of software for internal use. At December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , the Company had $12.8 million and $9.5 million , respectively, of costs related to enterprise-wide software included in fixed assets. Capitalized costs are being amortized over the assets’ estimated useful lives. The Company has recorded $1.5 million , $0.4 million and $0.7 million of amortization expense for the years ended December 30, 2017 , December 31, 2016 and January 2, 2016 , respectively. Advertising Expense The Company expenses advertising costs as they are incurred. During the years ended December 30, 2017 , December 31, 2016 and January 2, 2016 advertising expense totaled $91.8 million , $64.4 million and $54.7 million , respectively, and are recorded within the selling and marketing expenses line item. Income Taxes Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis using enacted tax rates in effect in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled in each jurisdiction. A valuation allowance is provided if, based upon the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that the related benefits will not be realized. The Company regularly reviews the deferred tax assets for recoverability considering historical profitability, projected future taxable income, future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, as well as feasible tax planning strategies in each jurisdiction. As of December 30, 2017, the Company recorded a valuation allowance of $0.8 million for certain foreign deferred tax assets for which the Company believes do not meet the "more likely than not" criteria for recognition. The Company reports a liability for unrecognized tax benefits resulting from uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits in the income tax provision. On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the "Act") was signed into law making significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code. Changes include, but are not limited to, a federal corporate tax rate decrease from 35% to 21% for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, the transition of U.S. international taxation from a worldwide tax system to a territorial system and a one-time transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings. We have estimated our provision for income taxes in accordance with the Act and guidance available as of the date of this filing and as a result have recorded a one-time income tax provision of $11.9 million in the fourth quarter of 2017, the period in which the legislation was enacted. The one-time income tax provision includes $8.9 million related to the remeasurement of certain deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the tax rates at which they are expected to reverse in the future. The one-time income tax expense also includes a provisional amount of $3.0 million related to the one-time transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings. On December 22, 2017, Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (SAB 118) was issued to address the application of U.S. GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Act. In accordance with SAB 118, we have determined that the $3.0 million of current income tax provision recorded relating to the transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings was a provisional amount and a reasonable estimate at December 30, 2017. Additional information and analysis is necessary to complete the calculation and accounting relating to the transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of foreign earnings. Any subsequent adjustments to this amount will be recorded to current income tax provision during the measurement period which is not expected to extend beyond one year from the enactment date. Concentration of Credit Risk and Significant Customers Financial instruments which potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of accounts receivable. Management believes its credit policies are prudent and reflect normal industry terms and business risk. At December 30, 2017 , one customer accounted for a total of 11.5% of the Company's accounts receivable balance. At December 31, 2016 , three customers accounted for a total of 43.9% of the Company's accounts receivable balance, each of which was greater than 10% of the balance and two of whom secured their balance with guaranteed letters of credit, which together represents 32.5% of the balance. For the fiscal year ended December 30, 2017 , the Company generated 13.5% of total revenue from one of its retailers (Amazon). For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 , the Company generated 12.9% , 12.3% and 10.4% of total revenue from its distributor in Japan, Sales On Demand Corporation (SODC), Robopolis SAS, a network of affiliated European distributors (Robopolis) and Amazon, respectively. For the fiscal year ended January 2, 2016 , the Company generated 13.3% and 12.7% of total revenue from SODC and Robopolis, respectively. On April 3, 2017, the Company acquired the iRobot-related distribution business of SODC, and on October 2, 2017, the Company acquired Robopolis (see Note 3). The Company maintains its cash in bank deposit accounts at high quality financial institutions. The individual balances, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. Net Income Per Share Basic income per share is calculated using the Company's weighted-average outstanding common shares. Diluted income per share is calculated using the Company's weighted-average outstanding common shares including the dilutive effect of stock awards as determined under the treasury stock method. The following table presents the calculation of both basic and diluted net income per share: Fiscal Year Ended December 30, December 31, January 2, Net income $ 50,964 $ 41,939 $ 44,130 Weighted-average shares outstanding 27,611 27,698 29,550 Dilutive effect of employee stock options and restricted shares 1,142 594 557 Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding 28,753 28,292 30,107 Basic income per share $ 1.85 $ 1.51 $ 1.49 Diluted income per share $ 1.77 $ 1.48 $ 1.47 Restricted stock units and stock options representing approximately 0.0 million , 0.4 million and 0.5 million shares of common stock for the fiscal years ended December 30, 2017 , December 31, 2016 and January 2, 2016 , respectively, were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share as their effect would have been antidilutive. Recently Adopted Accounting Standards In May 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards update (ASU) No. 2017-09, "Stock Compensation – Scope of Modification Accounting," that clarifies that all changes to share-based payment awards are not necessarily accounted for as a modification. Under the new guidance, modification accounting is required only if the fair value, the vesting conditions, or the classification of the award changes as a result of the change in terms or conditions. This guidance is effective prospectively beginning January 1, 2018, with early adoption permitted. This guidance will apply to any future modifications. During the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company adopted this standard, which did not have an impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, "Business Combinations; Clarifying the Definition of a Business." ASU 2017-01 clarifies the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The definition of a business affects many areas of accounting including acquisitions, disposals, goodwill, and consolidation. This guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those periods. During the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company adopted this standard, which did not have an impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other." ASU 2017-04 eliminates step 2 from the goodwill impairment test, instead requiring that an entity recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds the reporting unit's fair value. ASU 2017-04 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. During the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company adopted this standard, which did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, "Statement of Cash Flows: Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments." ASU 2016-15 refines how companies classify certain aspects of the cash flow statement in regards to debt prepayment, settlement of debt instruments, contingent consideration payments, proceeds from insurance claims and life insurance policies, distribution from equity method investees, beneficial interests in securitization transactions and separately identifiable cash flows. ASU 2016-15 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. During the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company adopted this standard, which did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, "Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting," which simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification in the statement of cash flows. Under the new standard, all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies are recorded as a component of the provision for income taxes in the reporting period in which they occur. Additionally, ASU 2016-09 requires that the Company present excess tax benefits on the Statement of Cash Flows as an operating activity. The Company adopted ASU 2016-09 effective January 1, 2017 and elected to apply this adoption prospectively. Upon the adoption, the Company elected to account for forfeitures of share-based payments as they occur prospectively. Prior periods have not been adjusted. As of the adoption date, this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, "Inventory: Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory." ASU 2015-11 applies only to inventory for which |