When quoted market prices are not available, values for financial assets and liabilities are determined based upon discounted cash flow analysis, comparison to similar observable market transactions, or the use of financial models. Discounted cash flow analysis is dependent upon estimated future cash flows and the discount rate used. Valuation using financial models is dependent upon parameters including time value, yield curve, volatility factors, correlation factors, prepayment speeds, default rates, loss severity, current market prices and transaction prices for underlying financial instruments. The valuation process to price financial instruments at fair value includes making adjustments to prices and financial model outputs to consider factors such as close out costs, liquidity and counterparty credit risk.
Where valuation of financial instruments is subjective due to the lack of observable market prices or inputs, management must apply judgment to make estimates and certain assumptions. For example, if prices or inputs to financial models are used for similar financial instruments, judgment is applied to make appropriate adjustments for differences in credit risk, liquidity or other factors. Where fair value is not based upon observable market prices or inputs we defer any trade date profit or loss.
The majority of the Group’s trading portfolio (including securities and derivatives) and available for sale portfolio are subject to independent pricing or independent price verification procedures.
Where prices or parameter inputs are not observable, then the appropriateness of fair value is subject toalternative procedures. Such procedures include assessing the valuations against appropriate proxy instruments, performing sensitivity analysis and considering other benchmarks. These procedures require the application of management judgment.
Other valuation controls include review and analysis of daily profit and loss, validation of valuation through close out profit and loss and Value-at-Risk back-testing. For further discussion on our Value-at-Risk Analysis, see “Item 11: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Credit, Market and Other Risk – Market Risk – Value-at-Risk-Analysis.” Where fair value is based on financial models, the assumptions and techniques within the models are independently validated by a specialist group within Controlling.
We maintain an allowance for loan losses that represents our estimate of probable losses in our loan portfolio. Determining the allowance for loan losses requires significant management judgments and assumptions. The components of the allowance for loan losses are a specific loss component and an inherent loss component consisting of the country risk allowance, the smaller-balance standardized homogeneous loan loss allowance and the other inherent loss allowance. We believe that the accounting estimate related to the allowance for loan losses is a critical accounting estimate because the underlying assumptions used for both the specific and inherent loss components of the allowance can change from period to period. Such changes may materially affect our results of operations. The estimate for the allowance for loan losses is a critical accounting estimate for our Corporate Banking & Securities and Private & Business Clients Corporate Divisions.
ers, the expected future cash flows, fair value of underlying collateral or the market price of the loan. We regularly re-evaluate all credit exposures that have already been specifically provided for, as well as all credit exposures that appear on our watchlist. Our assumptions are either validated or revised accordingly based on our re-evaluation.
Some of the underlying factors used in determining the inherent loss component, include, but are not limited to, historical loss experience and political, economic and other relevant factors. We determine our country risk allowance based on historical loss experience and current market data affecting a country’s financial condition. Our smaller-balance standardized homogeneous portfolio is evaluated for inherent loss on a collective basis and an allowance is established based on analyses of historical loss experience for each product type according to criteria such as past due status and collateral recovery values. The other inherent loss allowance represents our estimate of losses inherent in the portfolio that have not yet been individually identified and reflects the imprecisions and uncertainties in estimating our loan loss allowances.
Significant changes in any of these factors could materially affect our provision for loan losses. For example, if our current assumptions about expected future cash flows used in determining the specific loss component differ from actual results, we may need to make additional provisions for loan losses. In addition, the forecasted financial strength of any given customer may change due to various circumstances, such as future changes in the global economy or new information becoming available as to financial strength that may not have existed at the date of our estimates. This new information may require us to adjust our current estimates and make additional provisions for loan losses.
For further discussion on our allowance for loan losses, see “Item 11: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Credit, Market and Other Risk – Risk Management – Credit Loss Experience and Allowance for Loan Losses” and Notes [7] and [8] to the consolidated financial statements.
Certain assets, including equity method and other direct investments (including venture capital companies and nonmarketable equity securities), securities available for sale, goodwill and other intangible assets, are subject to impairment review. We record impairment charges when we believe an asset has experienced an other-than-temporary decline in fair value, or its cost may not be recoverable. Based on our impairment reviews related to these assets, we recorded total impairment charges of€ 135 million in 2004,€ 1.5 billion in 2003 and€ 1.1 billion in 2002. Future impairment charges may be required if triggering events occur, such as adverse market conditions, suggesting deterioration in an asset’s recoverability or fair value. Assessment of timing of when such declines become other than temporary and/or the amount of such impairment is a matter of significant judgment.
Equity method investments, other equity interests and securities available for sale are evaluated for impairment on a quarterly basis, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that these investments are impaired. For example, indications that these investments are impaired could include specific conditions in an industry or geographical area or specific information regarding the financial condition of the company, such as a downgrade in credit rating. If information becomes available after we make our evaluation, we may be required to recognize an other-than-temporary impairment in the future. Because the estimate for other-than-temporary impairment could change from period to period based upon future events that may or may not occur, we consider this to be a critical accounting estimate. Our impairment reviews for equity method investments, other equity interests and securities available for sale resulted in impairment charges of€ 96 million in 2004,€ 1.3 billion in 2003 and€ 1.0 billion in 2002. For additional information on securities available for sale, see Note [5] to the consolidated financial statements and for equity method investments and other equity interests, see Note [6] to the consolidated financial statements.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
EITF 04-8
In October 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) ratified the consensus reached in Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) Issue No. 04-8, “The Effect of Contingently Convertible Debt on Diluted Earnings Per Share” (“EITF 04-8”). EITF 04-8 requires contingently convertible debt instruments to be included in diluted earnings per share, if dilutive, regardless of whether the contingency has been met. EITF 04-8 is effective for reporting periods ending after December 15, 2004, and requires prior period earnings per share amounts to be restated for comparative purposes. The adoption of EITF 04-8 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
EITF 02-14
In July 2004, the FASB ratified the consensus reached in EITF Issue No. 02-14, “Whether an Investor Should Apply the Equity Method of Accounting to Investments Other Than Common Stock” (“EITF 02-14”). EITF 02-14 concludes that an investor that has the ability to exercise significant influence over an investee should apply the equity method of accounting only when it has an investment in common stock and/or an investment that is in-substance common stock. EITF 02-14 addresses the determination of whether an investment is in-substance common stock but does not change existing guidance concerning the assessment of whether an investor has the ability to exercise significant influence over an investee. The consensus in EITF 02-14 is effective for reporting periods beginning after September 15, 2004. The adoption of EITF 02-14 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
FSP 106-2
In May 2004, the FASB issued Staff Position No. 106-2, “Accounting and Disclosure Requirements Related to the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003” (“FSP 106-2”), which superseded FSP 106-1 issued in January 2004. The Act, signed into law in the U.S. on December 8, 2003, introduces a prescription drug benefit as well as a subsidy to sponsors of retiree health care benefit plans that provide a benefit that is at least actuarially equivalent to benefits provided under the Act. FSP 106-2, which is effective for reporting periods beginning after June 15, 2004, provides authoritative guidance on the accounting for the effects of the Act and disclosure guidance related to the federal subsidy provided by the Act. We determined that the effects of the Act were not a significant event requiring an interim remeasurement under SFAS No. 106, “Employers’ Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions.” Consequently, as permitted by FSP 106-2, net periodic postretirement benefit cost for 2004 does not reflect the effects of the Act. The accumulated postretirement benefit obligation (“APBO”) for the postretirement benefit plan was remeasured at September 30, 2004 to reflect the effects of the Act, which resulted in a reduction of the APBO of approximately€ 36 million.
FSP 129-1
In April 2004, the FASB issued Staff Position No. 129-1, “Disclosure Requirements under FASB Statement No. 129, Disclosure of Information about Capital Structure, Relating to Contingently Convertible Securities” (“FSP 129-1”). FSP 129-1 requires the disclosure provisions of Statement 129 to apply to all existing and newly created contingently convertible securities and to their potentially dilutive effects on earnings per share. The disclosure requirements of FSP 129-1 did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
EITF 03-6
In March 2004, the FASB ratified the consensus reached in EITF Issue No. 03-6, “Participating Securities and the Two-Class Method under FASB Statement No. 128, Earnings Per Share” (“EITF 03-6”). EITF 03-6 clarifies what constitutes a participating security and requires the use of the two-class method for computing basic earnings per share when participating securities exist. EITF 03-6 is effec-
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tive April 1, 2004 and requires retroactive adjustment to earnings per share presented for prior periods. The adoption of EITF 03-6 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
SAB 105
Effective April 1, 2004, the Group adopted Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 105, “Application of Accounting Principles to Loan Commitments” (“SAB 105”). SAB 105 clarifies the requirements for the valuation of loan commitments that are accounted for as derivatives in accordance with SFAS 133. The adoption of SAB 105 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
FIN 46(R) (Revised December 2003)
Effective March 31, 2004, the Group adopted the revised version of FIN 46, “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an interpretation of ARB No. 51” (“FIN 46(R)”). The FASB modified FIN 46 to address certain technical corrections and implementation issues that had arisen. As a result of the adoption, total assets decreased by€ 12.5 billion due to the deconsolidation of guaranteed value mutual funds. The adoption had no impact on net income, however certain offsetting revenues and charges, chiefly trading revenues, net interest revenues and charges against other revenues, are no longer reported in the consolidated statement of income beginning April 1, 2004 due to the deconsolidations.
New Accounting Pronouncements
EITF 03-1 and FSP EITF 03-1-1
In March 2004, the FASB ratified the consensus reached in EITF Issue No. 03-1, “The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and Its Application to Certain Investments” (“EITF 03-1”). The decisions establish a common approach to evaluating other-than-temporary impairment for equity securities accounted for at cost, and debt and equity securities available for sale. In September 2004, the FASB issued a final FASB Staff Position, No. EITF 03-1-1 (“FSP EITF 03-1-1”), which delayed the effective date for the measurement and recognition guidance included in EITF 03-1. The disclosures required by EITF 03-1 have not been delayed and are required beginning December 31, 2004. Once the effective date of the measurement and recognition guidance has been confirmed, management will assess the impact EITF 03-1 will have on our consolidated financial statements.
FSP 109-2
In December 2004, the FASB issued Staff Position No. 109-2, “Accounting and Disclosure Guidance for the Foreign Earnings Repatriation Provision within the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004” (“FSP 109-2”). The Act, which was signed into law in the U.S. on October 22, 2004, provides for, among other things, a reduced rate of U.S. tax on dividends received from foreign subsidiaries of U.S. taxpayers. FSP 109-2 provides additional time beyond the financial reporting period of the enactment to evaluate the effects of this provision of the Act for purposes of applying SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes.” We estimate that approximately€ 370 million may be eligible for repatriation under this provision. We are evaluating the effect of such a repatriation but do not expect that this provision will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
SFAS 123 (Revised 2004)
In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment” (“SFAS 123(R)”). SFAS 123(R) replaces SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation” (“SFAS 123”), and supersedes APB Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees”. The new standard requires companies to recognize compensation cost relating to share-based payment transactions in their financial statements. That cost is to be measured based on the fair value of the equity or liability instruments issued. Starting January 1, 2003, we accounted for our share-based compensation awards under the fair value method prescribed under SFAS 123. The method was applied prospectively for all employee awards granted, modified or settled after January 1, 2003. Currently, we use a Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options granted to employ-
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ees and expect to continue to use this option valuation model upon the adoption of SFAS 123(R). SFAS 123(R) also includes some changes regarding the timing of expense recognition, the treatment of forfeitures and the re-measurement of liability classified awards at their current fair value. SFAS 123(R) is effective for reporting periods beginning after June 15, 2005. Management is currently evaluating the transition method to be used and the impact SFAS 123(R) will have on our consolidated financial statements.
SOP 03-3
In December 2003, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants issued Statement of Position 03-3, “Accounting for Certain Loans or Debt Securities Acquired in a Transfer” (“SOP 03-3”). SOP 03-3 addresses the accounting for differences between contractual and expected cash flows for loans or debt securities acquired in a transfer if those differences are attributable, at least in part, to credit quality. The SOP prohibits the creation of an allowance for loan losses in the initial accounting for all loans within its scope. The SOP also limits the income that can be recognized and specifies the accounting for future changes in expected cash flows on the acquired loans or securities. SOP 03-3 is effective for loans or debt securities acquired in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2004. SOP 03-3 is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
IFRS
EU and German regulations require the Group to adopt International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for purposes of preparing consolidated financial statements filed with EU and German regulatory authorities beginning no later than fiscal year 2007 (with 2006 comparative amounts presented). Financial statements prepared according to IFRS are accepted in SEC filings provided a reconciliation to certain U.S. GAAP financial statement amounts is disclosed.
The adoption of IFRS will not result in any adjustment to U.S. GAAP amounts, however there are a number of differences between the two accounting regimes which will cause earnings and balance sheet amounts under IFRS and U.S. GAAP to differ, perhaps significantly. The special transition rules for this adoption require, with some exceptions, that the IFRS in effect at the reporting date be applied in the opening balance sheet. Because of this, future rule changes could have an impact on the opening IFRS balance sheet and thus the difference between U.S. GAAP and IFRS earnings or balance sheet amounts cannot be predicted at this time.
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Item 6: Directors, Senior Management and Employees
Directors and Senior Management
In accordance with the German Stock Corporation Act(Aktiengesetz), we have a Board of Managing Directors(Vorstand)and a Supervisory Board(Aufsichtsrat). The German Stock Corporation Act prohibits simultaneous membership on both the Board of Managing Directors and the Supervisory Board. The members of the Board of Managing Directors are the executive officers of our company. The Board of Managing Directors is responsible for managing our company and representing us in dealings with third parties. The Supervisory Board oversees the Board of Managing Directors and appoints and removes its members and determines their salaries and other compensation components, including pension benefits.
The Supervisory Board may not make management decisions. However, German law and our Articles of Association(Satzung)require the Board of Managing Directors to obtain the consent of the Supervisory Board for certain actions. The most important of these actions are:
– | | Granting general powers of attorney(Generalvollmachten). A general power of attorney authorizes its holder to represent the company in substantially all legal matters without limitation to the affairs of a specific office; |
– | | Acquisition and disposal (including transactions carried out by a subsidiary) of real estate when the value of the object exceeds 1% of our regulatory banking capital(haftendes Eigenkapital); |
– | | Granting loans and acquiring participations if the German Banking Act requires approval by the Supervisory Board. In particular, the German Banking Act requires the approval of the Supervisory Board if we grant a loan (to the extent legally permissible) to a member of the Board of Managing Directors or the Supervisory Board or one of our employees who holds a procuration(Prokura)or general power of attorney; and |
– | | Acquisition and disposal (including transactions carried out by a subsidiary) of other participations, insofar as the object involves more than 2% of our regulatory banking capital; the Supervisory Board must be informed without delay of any acquisition or disposal of such participations involving more than 1% of our regulatory banking capital. |
The Board of Managing Directors must submit regular reports to the Supervisory Board on our current operations and future business planning. The Supervisory Board may also request special reports from the Board of Managing Directors at any time.
Supervisory Board and Board of Managing Directors
In carrying out their duties, members of both the Board of Managing Directors and Supervisory Board must exercise the standard of care of a prudent and diligent business person, and they are liable to us for damages if they fail to do so. Both boards are required to take into account a broad range of considerations in their decisions, including our interests and those of our shareholders, employees and creditors. The Board of Managing Directors is required to respect the rights of shareholders to be treated on an equal basis and receive equal information. The Board of Managing Directors is also required to ensure appropriate risk management within our operations and to establish an internal monitoring system.
As a general rule under German law, a shareholder has no direct recourse against the members of the Board of Managing Directors or the Supervisory Board in the event that they are believed to have breached a duty to us. Apart from insolvency or other special circumstances, only we have the right to claim damages from members of either board. We may waive this right or settle these claims only if at least three years have passed since the alleged breach and if the shareholders approve the waiver or settlement at the shareholders’ meeting with a simple majority of the votes cast, and provided that opposing shareholders do not hold, in the aggregate, one tenth or more of our share capital and do not have their opposition formally noted in the minutes maintained by a German notary.
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Supervisory Board
Our Articles of Association require our Supervisory Board to have twenty members. In the event that the number of members on our Supervisory Board falls below twenty, the Supervisory Board maintains its authority to pass resolutions so long as at least ten members remain on the board. If the number of members remains below twenty, upon application to a competent court, the court may appoint replacement members to serve on the board until official appointments are made.
The German Co-Determination Act of 1976(Mitbestimmungsgesetz)requires that the shareholders elect half of the members of the supervisory board of large German companies, such as us, and that employees in Germany elect the other half. None of the current members of either of our boards were selected pursuant to any arrangement or understandings with major shareholders, customers or others.
Each member of the Supervisory Board generally serves for a fixed term of approximately five years. For the election of shareholder representatives, the shareholders’ meeting may establish that the terms of office of up to five members may begin or end on differing dates. Pursuant to German law, the term expires at the latest at the end of the Annual General Meeting that approves and ratifies such member’s actions in the fourth fiscal year after the year in which the Supervisory Board member was elected. Supervisory Board members may also be re-elected. The shareholders may, by a majority of the votes cast in a shareholders’ meeting, remove any member of the Supervisory Board they have elected in a shareholders’ meeting. The employees may remove any member they have elected by a vote of three-quarters of the employee votes cast.
The members of the Supervisory Board elect the chairperson and the deputy chairperson of the Supervisory Board. Traditionally, the chairperson is a representative of the shareholders, and the deputy chairperson is a representative of the employees. At least half of the members of the Supervisory Board must be present at a meeting or must have submitted their vote in writing to constitute a quorum. In general, approval by a simple majority of the members of the Supervisory Board present and voting is required to pass a resolution. In the case of a deadlock, the resolution is put to a second vote. In the case of a second deadlock, the chairperson casts the deciding vote.
The following table shows information on the current members of our Supervisory Board. The members representing our shareholders were elected at the Annual General Meeting on June 10, 2003, and the members representing our employees were elected on May 8, 2003. The information includes their ages as of December 31, 2004, the years in which they were first elected or appointed, the years when their terms expire, their principal occupation and their membership on other companies’ supervisory boards, other nonexecutive boards and other positions.
| | | | | | |
| | |
| Member | | Principal occupation | | Supervisory board memberships | |
| | | | | and other directorships | |
| | |
| Dr. rer.oec. Karl-Hermann Baumann
Age: 69
First elected: 1998
Term expires: 2008 | | Chairman of the supervisory board of Siemens AG 2005, Munich, until January 2005 | | Supervisory board memberships: E.ON AG; Linde AG; Schering AG; ThyssenKrupp AG until January 2005 | |
| | |
| Dr. Rolf-E. Breuer
Age: 67
First elected: 2002
Term expires: 2008 | | Chairman of the Supervisory Board | | Supervisory board memberships: Bertelsmann AG; Deutsche Börse AG (chairman); E.ON AG; Compagnie de Saint-Gobain S.A.; Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (KfW); Landwirtschaftliche Rentenbank
Other experience: President of the Association of German Banks; German Financial Supervisory Authority (Administrative Council) | |
| | |
| Dr. Karl-Gerhard Eick
Age: 50
Appointed by the court: 2004
Term expires: 2008 | | Deputy Chairman of the board of managing directors of Deutsche Telekom AG, Bonn | | Supervisory board memberships: DeTe Immobilien Deutsche Telekom Immobilien und Service GmbH; T-Mobile International AG; T-Online International AG; T-Systems International GmbH; GMG Generalmietgesellschaft mbH (chairman); Sireo Real Estate Asset Management GmbH (chairman); FC Bayern München AG | |
| | |
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| | | | | | |
| | |
| Member | | Principal occupation | | Supervisory board memberships | |
| | | | | and other directorships | |
| | |
| Heidrun Förster*
Age: 57
First elected: 1993
Term expires: 2008 | | Deputy Chairperson of the Supervisory Board; Chairperson of the staff council of Deutsche Bank Privat- und Geschäftskunden AG, Berlin | | | |
| | |
| Klaus Funk*
Age: 57
First elected: 1999
Term expires: 2008 | | Chairman of the staff council of Deutsche Bank Privat- und Geschäftskunden AG, Frankfurt am Main | | | |
| | |
| Ulrich Hartmann
Age: 66
First elected: 2003
Term expires: 2008 | | Chairman of the supervisory board of E.ON AG, Düsseldorf | | Supervisory board memberships: Deutsche Lufthansa AG, Hochtief AG; IKB Deutsche Industriebank AG (chairman); Münchener Rückversicherungs-Gesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft
Other nonexecutive directorships: ARCELOR; Henkel KGaA (member of the shareholders’ committee) | |
| | |
| Sabine Horn*
Age: 43
First elected: 1998
Term expires: 2008 | | Deutsche Bank AG | | | |
| | |
| Rolf Hunck*
Age: 59
First elected: 2003
Term expires: 2008 | | Deutsche Bank AG | | Supervisory board memberships: Deutsche Bank Trust AG; Fibula Finanz AG; HCI Kapital AG since January 2005 | |
| | |
| Sir Peter Job
Age: 63
Appointed by the court: 2001
Term expires: 2008 | | | | Supervisory board memberships: Bertelsmann AG
Other nonexecutive directorships: GlaxoSmithKline Plc (GSK); Schroders Plc; Tibco Software Inc.; Instinet Inc.; Shell Transport and Trading Plc | |
| | |
| Prof. Dr. Henning Kagermann
Age: 57
First elected: 2000
Term expires: 2008 | | Chairman and CEO of SAP AG, Walldorf | | Supervisory board memberships: DaimlerChrysler Services AG; Münchener Rückversicherungs-Gesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft | |
| | |
| Ulrich Kaufmann*
Age: 58
First elected: 1988
Term expires: 2008 | | Chairman of the staff council of Deutsche Bank AG, Düsseldorf | | | |
| | |
| Prof. Dr. Paul Kirchhof
Age: 61
Appointed by the court: 2004
Term expires: 2008 | | Professor, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg | | Supervisory board memberships: Allianz Lebensversicherungs-AG | |
| | |
| Henriette Mark*
Age: 47
First elected: 2003
Term expires: 2008 | | Chairperson of the staff council of Deutsche Bank AG, Munich and Southern Bavaria | | | |
| | |
| Margret Mönig-Raane*
Age: 56
First elected: 1996
Term expires: 2008 | | Vice President of the Unified Services Union, Berlin | | Other nonexecutive directorships: BHW Holding AG (member of the advisory board); Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (KfW) (administrative council) | |
| | |
| Gabriele Platscher*
Age: 47
First elected: 2003
Term expires: 2008 | | Deutsche Bank Privat- und Geschäftskunden AG | | Supervisory board memberships: Deutsche Bank Privat- und Geschäftskunden AG, BVV Versicherungsverein des Bankgewerbes a.G. | |
| | |
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| | | | | | |
| | |
| Member | | Principal occupation | | Supervisory board memberships | |
| | | | | and other directorships | |
| | |
| Karin Ruck*
Age: 39
First elected: 2003
Term expires: 2008 | | Deutsche Bank AG | | Supervisory board memberships: Deutsche Bank Privat- und Geschäftskunden AG | |
| | |
| Tilman Todenhöfer
Age: 61
Appointed by the court: 2001
Term expires: 2008 | | Managing Partner of Robert Bosch Industrietreuhand KG, Stuttgart | | Supervisory board memberships: Robert Bosch GmbH; Robert Bosch Int. Beteiligungen AG (president of the board of administration); Carl Zeiss AG since July 2004 (chairman); Schott AG since July 2004 (chairman) | |
| | |
| Dipl.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Jürgen Weber
Age: 63
First elected: 2003
Term expires: 2008 | | Chairman of the supervisory board of Deutsche Lufthansa AG, Cologne | | Supervisory board memberships: Allianz Lebensversicherungs-AG, Bayer AG, Deutsche Post AG; Thomas Cook AG (chairman), Voith AG; Loyalty Partner GmbH (chairman); Tetra Laval Group | |
| | |
| Dipl.-Ing. Albrecht Woeste
Age: 69
First elected: 1993
Term expires: 2008 | | Chairman of the Shareholders’ Committee of Henkel KGaA Düsseldorf | | Supervisory board memberships: Henkel KGaA (chairman); Allianz Lebensversicherungs-AG
Other nonexecutive directorships: IKB Deutsche Industriebank (member of the advisory board); R. Woeste & Co. GmbH & Co KG (chairman of the advisory board) | |
| | |
| Leo Wunderlich*
Age: 55
First elected: 2003
Term expires: 2008 | | Chairman of the staff council of Deutsche Bank | | | |
| | |
* | | Employee-elected member of the Supervisory Board. |
Dr. Michael Otto was a member of the Supervisory Board until July 29, 2004 and was replaced by Dr. Karl-Gerhard Eick. Dr. Ulrich Cartellieri was a member of the Supervisory Board until November 28, 2004 and was replaced by Prof. Dr. Paul Kirchhof.
The Supervisory Board has the authority to establish, and appoint its members to standing committees. The Supervisory Board may delegate certain of its powers to these committees. Our Supervisory Board has established the following four standing committees:
– | | TheChairman’s Committeeis responsible for deciding the terms of the service contracts and other contractual arrangements between us and members of our Board of Managing Directors. In particular, the Chairman’s Committee determines salaries and other compensation components, including pension benefits, for the Board of Managing Directors. Moreover, the Chairman’s Committee is responsible for the statutorily required approval of certain contracts between us and members of the Supervisory Board and Board of Managing Directors, the approval of ancillary activities of members of the Board of Managing Directors, including the acceptance of mandates at other companies, and the handling of other contractual business with active and former members of the Board of Managing Directors pursuant to Section 112 of the Stock Corporation Act. It also prepares the Supervisory Board decisions with respect to corporate governance. The current members of the Chairman’s Committee are Dr. Rolf-E. Breuer (Chairman), Heidrun Förster, Ulrich Hartmann and Ulrich Kaufmann. The Chairman’s Committee held 5 meetings in 2004. |
– | | TheAudit Committeemandates the independent auditors that the Annual General Meeting elects. In particular, the Audit Committee sets the compensation of the independent auditors and may determine priorities for the audit. The Audit Committee reviews our interim reports, as well as our financial statements, taking into account the results of the audits, discusses the reports on the limited reviews of the quarterly financial statements with the auditor and other reviews that the independent auditors have performed. It discusses changes of accounting or auditing practices and is also responsible for the handling of complaints regarding accounting, internal accounting controls and auditing matters. Additionally, engagements of the auditors to perform non-audit services are required to be approved pursuant to policies and procedures adopted by the Audit Committee, as described further in “Item 16C: Principal Accountant Fees and Services.” The current members of the Audit |
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| | Committee are Dr. Karl-Hermann Baumann (Chairman), Dr. Rolf-E. Breuer, Dr. Karl-Gerhard Eick, Heidrun Förster, Sabine Horn and Rolf Hunck. The Audit Committee held 5 meetings in 2004. |
– | | TheRisk Committeehas delegated authority to approve the extension of credit where applicable law or our Articles of Association require the approval of the Supervisory Board. The Risk Committee is only authorized to approve investments in other companies of between 2% and 3% of our regulatory banking capital. Investments above this threshold that require the Supervisory Board’s approval must be approved by the Supervisory Board as a body, not just by the Committee. In addition, the Board of Managing Directors provides the Risk Committee with information on market, legal and reputational risks, credit exposures and related circumstances which are of special importance due to the risks or liabilities attached to them or for any other reason. The current members of the Risk Committee are Dr. Rolf-E. Breuer (Chairman), Dr. Karl-Hermann Baumann and Prof. Henning Kagermann. The current deputy members are Sir Peter Job and Ulrich Hartmann. The Risk Committee held 6 meetings in 2004. |
– | | TheMediation Committeeis responsible for making proposals to the Supervisory Board on the appointment or dismissal of members of the Board of Managing Directors in those cases where the Supervisory Board is unable to reach a two-thirds majority decision with respect to the appointment or dismissal. In voting on such proposals, members of the Board of Managing Directors are dismissed or appointed by a simple majority of the votes cast. The current members of the Mediation Committee are Dr. Rolf-E. Breuer (Chairman), Heidrun Förster, Ulrich Hartmann and Henriette Mark. The Mediation Committee did not hold any meetings in 2004. |
The business address of the members of the Supervisory Board is the same as our business address, Taunusanlage 12, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Board of Managing Directors
Our Articles of Association require the Board of Managing Directors to have at least three members. The Supervisory Board appoints, removes and supervises the members of the Board of Managing Directors. Our Board of Managing Directors currently has four members. The Supervisory Board may also appoint deputy members to the Board of Managing Directors, however, there are currently no deputy members. The members of the Board of Managing Directors elect the spokesperson of the Board of Managing Directors.
The Supervisory Board appoints the members of the Board of Managing Directors for a maximum term of five years. They may be re-appointed or have their term extended for one or more terms of up to a maximum of five years each. The Supervisory Board may remove a member of the Board of Managing Directors prior to the expiration of his or her term for good cause.
Pursuant to our Articles of Association, two members of the Board of Managing Directors, or one member of the Board of Managing Directors together with a holder of procuration(Prokurist), may represent us for legal purposes. AProkuristis an attorney-in-fact who holds a legally defined power under German law, which cannot be restricted with respect to third parties. However, pursuant to German law, the Board of Managing Directors itself must resolve on certain matters as a body. In particular, it may not delegate strategic planning, coordinating or controlling responsibilities to individual members of the Board of Managing Directors.
Other responsibilities of the Board of Managing Directors are:
– | | Appointing key personnel; |
– | | Making decisions regarding significant credit exposures or other risks which have not been delegated to individual risk management units in accordance with the terms of reference(Geschäftsordnung) for the Board of Managing Directors and terms of reference for our Group Risk Committee; |
– | | Calling shareholders’ meetings; |
– | | Filing petitions to set aside shareholders’ resolutions; |
– | | Preparing and executing shareholders’ resolutions; and |
– | | Reporting to the Supervisory Board. |
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According to German law, our Supervisory Board represents us in dealings with members of the Board of Managing Directors. Therefore, no member of the Board of Managing Directors may enter into any agreement with us without the prior consent of our Supervisory Board.
The following paragraphs show information on the current members of the Board of Managing Directors. The information includes their ages as of December 31, 2004, the year in which they were appointed and the year in which their term expires, their current positions or area of responsibility and the positions they have held with us and with other companies in the last five years. The business address of the members of our Board of Managing Directors is the same as our business address, Taunusanlage 12, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Dr. Josef Ackermann
Age: 56
First Appointed: 1996
Term Expires: 2006
Dr. Josef Ackermann joined Deutsche Bank as a member of the Board of Managing Directors in 1996. On May 22, 2002, Dr. Ackermann assumed his current position as Spokesman of the Board of Managing Directors and Chairman of our Group Executive Committee.
Before taking over his responsibilities at Deutsche Bank, Dr. Ackermann worked for Credit Suisse. Between 1993 and 1996 he served as President of its Executive Board, following his appointment to that board in 1990. Dr. Ackermann began his career at Credit Suisse in 1977, where he held a variety of positions in Corporate Banking, Foreign Exchange/Money Markets and Treasury, Investment Banking and Multinational Services. He worked in London and New York, as well as at several locations in Switzerland. While at Credit Suisse, Dr. Ackermann was also a lecturer in economics at the University of St. Gallen in Switzerland.
Dr. Ackermann’s educational history includes studies in economics and social sciences. He received his doctorate degree (Dr.oec.) at the University of St. Gallen.
Dr. Ackermann engages in the following principal business activities outside our company: He is a member of the supervisory boards of Bayer AG, Deutsche Lufthansa AG, Linde AG and Siemens AG (second deputy chairman).
In February 2003, the Düsseldorf Public Prosecutor filed charges against Dr. Ackermann and other former members of the Supervisory Board and of the Board of Managing Directors of Mannesmann AG with the Düsseldorf District Court. The complaint contained allegations of a breach of trust in connection with payments to former members of the Management Board and other managers of Mannesmann following the takeover of Mannesmann by Vodafone in spring 2000. On September 19, 2003, the District Court in Düsseldorf(Landgericht Düsseldorf)accepted the case and ordered a trial which commenced on January 21, 2004. At the close of the trial on July 22, 2004, the District Court acquitted Dr. Ackermann as well as all the other defendants. The Düsseldorf Public Prosecutor filed notice of appeal with the Federal Supreme Court (Bundesgerichtshof). Our Supervisory Board has declared that it supports Dr. Ackermann’s defense and that it views the charges in question to be unjustified.
Dr. Clemens Börsig
Age: 56
First Appointed: 2001
Term Expires: 2010
Dr. Clemens Börsig joined our Board of Managing Directors in January 2001. He has worked with us since 1999, when he joined us as our Chief Financial Officer. He is also our Chief Risk Officer and responsible for our corporate governance.
From 1997 to 1999, Dr. Börsig worked for RWE AG, in Essen, Germany, as a member of the management board and as chief financial officer. Prior to this position, he was employed by Robert Bosch GmbH in Stuttgart, Germany, where he was hired in 1985 as the head of Corporate Planning and Controlling. In 1990, he was appointed to the management board at Bosch. From 1977 to 1985, Dr. Börsig held a number of positions at Mannesmann Group in Düsseldorf, Germany, including head of Corporate Planning at Mannesmann-Kienzle GmbH and chief financial and administrative officer at Mannes-
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mann-Tally. From 1973 to 1977, he was an assistant professor at the Universities of Mannheim and Munich.
Dr. Börsig’s educational history includes studies in business administration and mathematics. He graduated with a Ph.D. in Business Administration from the University of Mannheim.
Dr. Börsig engages in the following principal business activities outside our company: He is a supervisory board member at Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG and deputy chairman of the supervisory board of EUROHYPO AG since September 2004. He also holds a nonexecutive directorship at Foreign & Colonial Eurotrust Plc.
Dr. Tessen von Heydebreck
Age: 59
First Appointed: 1994
Term Expires: 2006
Dr. Tessen von Heydebreck joined our Board of Managing Directors in 1994. From 1994 to 1996, he was a deputy member of the Board of Managing Directors. Dr. von Heydebreck is our Chief Administrative Officer.
Dr. von Heydebreck’s career with us began in 1974 with positions in Hamburg and Bremen, Germany. In 1977, Dr. von Heydebreck moved to our former head office in Düsseldorf, where he served as executive assistant to a member of the Board of Managing Directors. From 1981 to 1983, he was a member of the management in our branch in Emden, Germany. He served as regional head in Bremen, Germany, from 1983 to 1990 and as regional head in Hamburg, Germany, from 1990 to 1994.
Dr. von Heydebreck studied law at Göttingen University and the University of Freiburg. After passing the First and the Second State Examinations in law, he completed a doctorate in law at Göttingen University.
Dr. von Heydebreck engages in the following principal business activities outside our company: He is a supervisory board member at BASF AG, Duerr AG and BVV Versicherungsverein des Bankgewerbes a.G. and was a supervisory board member of Deutsche Euroshop AG until June 2004 and Gruner + Jahr AG & Co. KG until August 2004. He held a nonexecutive directorship at EFG Eurobank Ergasias S.A. until May 2004.
Hermann-Josef Lamberti
Age: 48
First Appointed: 1999
Term Expires: 2009
Hermann-Josef Lamberti joined our Board of Managing Directors in 1999. He joined us in 1998 as an executive vice president. Mr. Lamberti is our Chief Operating Officer.
Prior to joining Deutsche Bank, Hermann-Josef Lamberti worked at IBM for 14 years. He began his career at the company in 1985, where he concentrated on controlling and internal application development. He was soon entrusted with management positions in the company’s German branches specializing in the banking and insurance industries. In 1993, he was appointed General Manager of Personal Software Division at IBM Europe in Paris, where he was the head of software sales for Europe, the Middle East and Africa. In 1995, Hermann-Josef Lamberti moved to IBM in the US, where he was Vice President for Marketing and Brand Management with responsibility for IBM’s global mainframes sales. He returned to Germany in 1997 to take up the position of Chairman of the Senior Management of IBM Germany in Stuttgart.
Hermann-Josef Lamberti studied business administration in Cologne and Dublin before commencing his professional career in the financial sector. He graduated with a master’s degree in Business Administration in 1981. He subsequently worked for Touche Ross in Toronto, where he was involved in Auditing and Consulting. He also worked in the Foreign Exchange department at Chemical Bank in Frankfurt.
Mr. Lamberti engages in the following principal business activities outside our company: He is a member of the supervisory board or similar bodies of Schering AG, Fiat S.p.A., Carl Zeiss Stiftung until
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June 2004, Carl Zeiss AG from July 2004, e-millennium 1 GmbH & Co. KG (chairperson), Euroclear plc, Euroclear Bank S.A./N.V. until December 2004 and Euroclear S.A./N.V. since January 2005.
Board Practices of the Board of Managing Directors
Our Board of Managing Directors has adopted terms of reference for the conduct of its affairs. These terms of reference have been presented to the Supervisory Board for information. The terms of reference provide that the individual responsibilities of the members of the Board of Managing Directors are determined by our business allocation plan. The terms of reference stipulate that, notwithstanding the functional responsibilities of the operating committees of our Group divisions and of the functional committees, the members of the Board of Managing Directors each have an individual responsibility for the divisions or functions to which they are assigned, as well as for those committees of which they are members and the subsidiaries allocated to those divisions.
In addition to managing our company, some of the members of our Board of Managing Directors also supervise and advise our affiliated companies. As permitted by German law, some of the members also serve as members of the supervisory boards of other companies.
Section 161 of the German Stock Corporation Act (Aktiengesetz) requires that the board of managing directors and supervisory board of any German exchange-listed company declare annually that the recommendations of the Government Commission on the German Corporate Governance Code have been adopted by the company or which recommendations have not been so adopted. These recommendations go beyond the requirements of German law. The Declaration of Conformity of our Board of Managing Directors and Supervisory Board dated October 28, 2004 is available on our Internet website at http://www.deutsche-bank.com/corporate-governance.
Also, to assist us in avoiding conflicts of interest, the members of our Board of Managing Directors have generally undertaken not to assume chairmanships of supervisory boards of companies outside our consolidated group.
Group Executive Committee
The Group Executive Committee, established in 2002, is a body that is not required by the Stock Corporation Act. It comprises the members of the Board of Managing Directors, the Business Heads of our Group Divisions, CIB and PCAM, and, as of September 21, 2004, a representative for the management of our regions. The Group Executive Committee serves as a tool to coordinate our businesses and regions.
The responsibilities of the Group Executive Committee are as follows:
– | | Provide ongoing information to the Board of Managing Directors on business developments and particular transactions; |
– | | Regular review of our business segments; |
– | | Consultation with and furnishing advice to the Board of Managing Directors on strategic decisions; and |
– | | Preparation of decisions to be made by the Board of Managing Directors. |
On September 21, 2004, the Board of Managing Directors appointed a member of the Group Executive Committee “Head of Regions” to whom the current regional CEOs will report. This new role aims to strengthen the regional management functions around the globe thus improving the cooperation between the regions and the global businesses for the benefit of our customers.
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Compensation
Supervisory Board
The compensation of Supervisory Board members is set forth in our Articles of Association, which our shareholders amend from time to time at their annual meetings. Such compensation provisions were last amended at our Annual General Meeting on June 10, 2003.
For 2004, the following compensation policies apply. The compensation generally consists of a fixed remuneration of€ 30,000 per year (plus value-added tax (Umsatzsteuer)) and a dividend-based bonus of€ 1,000 per year for every full or fractional€ 0.05 increment by which the dividend we distribute to our shareholders exceeds€ 0.15 per share. We increase both the fixed remuneration and the dividend-based bonus of each Supervisory Board member by 25% for each committee on which the Supervisory Board member sits, except that for the chair of a committee the rate of increment is 50% and if the committee chairman is not identical with the Supervisory Board chairperson the rate of increment is 75%. These amounts are based on the premise that the respective committee has met during the financial year. We pay the chairperson three times the total compensation of a regular member, and we pay the deputy chairperson one and a half times the total compensation of a regular member. The members of the Supervisory Board also receive an annual remuneration linked to our long-term success; this remuneration varies in size depending on how the ratio between the total return on our shares – based on share price development, dividend and capital actions – and the average total return of shares of a group of peer companies currently consisting of Citigroup Inc., Credit Suisse Group, J. P. Morgan Chase & Co., Merrill Lynch & Co. Inc. and UBS AG, has developed in the three financial years immediately preceding the year for which the remuneration is paid. If the ratio lies between –10% and +10% each member receives an amount of€ 15,000; if our shares outperform the peer group by 10% to 20%, the payment increases to€ 25,000; and in case of a more than 20% higher performance it rises to€ 40,000. The members of the Supervisory Board receive a meeting fee of€ 1,000 for each meeting of the Supervisory Board and its committees in which they take part. In addition, in our interest, the members of the Supervisory Board will be included in any financial liability insurance policy held in an appropriate amount by us, with the corresponding premiums being paid by us.
We also reimburse members of the Supervisory Board for all cash expenses and any value-added tax(Umsatzsteuer)they incur in connection with their roles as members of the Supervisory Board. Employee-elected members of the Supervisory Board also continue to receive their employee benefits. For Supervisory Board members who served on the board for only part of the year, we pay a fraction of their total compensation based on the number of months they served, rounding up or down to whole months.
We compensate our Supervisory Board members after the end of each fiscal year. In January 2005, we paid each Supervisory Board member the fixed portion of their remuneration for their services in 2004 and their meeting fees. The remuneration linked to our long-term success was defined to be zero. In addition, we will pay each of them for their services in 2004 a dividend-based bonus after the Annual General Meeting in May 2005. The following table shows the individual remuneration of the members of the Supervisory Board for their services in 2004 (excluding value-added tax), assuming that the Annual General Meeting in May 2005 approves the envisaged dividend of€ 1.70 per share.
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Members of the Supervisory Board | | Compensation for fiscal year 2004 | | |
| in€ | | Fixed | | | Variable | | | Meeting fee | | | Total | | |
| | |
| Dr. Rolf-E. Breuer | | | 127,500 | | | | 131,750 | | | | 20,000 | | | | 279,250 | | |
| | |
| Heidrun Förster | | | 60,000 | | | | 62,000 | | | | 14,000 | | | | 136,000 | | |
| | |
| Dr. Karl-Hermann Baumann | | | 60,000 | | | | 62,000 | | | | 15,000 | | | | 137,000 | | |
| | |
| Dr. Ulrich Cartellieri3 | | | 48,125 | | | | 49,729 | | | | 16,000 | | | | 113,854 | | |
| | |
| Dr. Karl-Gerhard Eick2 | | | 13,125 | | | | 13,563 | | | | 1,000 | | | | 27,688 | | |
| | |
| Klaus Funk | | | 30,000 | | | | 31,000 | | | | 4,000 | | | | 65,000 | | |
| | |
| Ulrich Hartmann | | | 38,125 | | | | 39,396 | | | | 8,000 | | | | 85,521 | | |
| | |
| Sabine Horn | | | 37,500 | | | | 38,750 | | | | 9,000 | | | | 85,250 | | |
| | |
| Rolf Hunck | | | 37,500 | | | | 38,750 | | | | 8,000 | | | | 84,250 | | |
| | |
| Sir Peter Job | | | 37,500 | | | | 38,750 | | | | 9,000 | | | | 85,250 | | |
| | |
| Prof. Dr. Henning Kagermann | | | 30,625 | | | | 31,646 | | | | 4,000 | | | | 62,271 | | |
| | |
| Ulrich Kaufmann | | | 37,500 | | | | 38,750 | | | | 9,000 | | | | 85,250 | | |
| | |
| Prof. Dr. Paul Kirchhof4 | | | 2,500 | | | | 2,583 | | | | – | | | | 5,083 | | |
| | |
| Henriette Mark | | | 30,000 | | | | 31,000 | | | | 4,000 | | | | 65,000 | | |
| | |
| Margret Mönig-Raane | | | 30,000 | | | | 31,000 | | | | 4,000 | | | | 65,000 | | |
| | |
| Dr. Michael Otto1 | | | 17,500 | | | | 18,083 | | | | 3,000 | | | | 38,583 | | |
| | |
| Gabriele Platscher | | | 30,000 | | | | 31,000 | | | | 4,000 | | | | 65,000 | | |
| | |
| Karin Ruck | | | 30,000 | | | | 31,000 | | | | 4,000 | | | | 65,000 | | |
| | |
| Tilman Todenhöfer | | | 30,000 | | | | 31,000 | | | | 4,000 | | | | 65,000 | | |
| | |
| Dipl.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Jürgen Weber | | | 30,000 | | | | 31,000 | | | | 4,000 | | | | 65,000 | | |
| | |
| Dipl.-Ing. Albrecht Woeste | | | 30,000 | | | | 31,000 | | | | 4,000 | | | | 65,000 | | |
| | |
| Leo Wunderlich | | | 30,000 | | | | 31,000 | | | | 4,000 | | | | 65,000 | | |
| | |
| Total | | | 817,500 | | | | 844,750 | | | | 152,000 | | | | 1,814,250 | | |
| | |
1 | | Member until July 29, 2004. |
|
2 | | New member since August 3, 2004. |
|
3 | | Member until November 28, 2004. |
|
4 | | New member since November 30, 2004. |
As mentioned above, most of the employee-elected members of the Supervisory Board are employed by us. In addition, Dr. Breuer and Dr. Cartellieri were formerly employed by us. The aggregate compensation we and our consolidated subsidiaries paid to such members as a group during the year ended December 31, 2004 for their services as employees or status as former employees (including retirement, pension and deferred compensation) was€ 3,160,198.
During 2004 we set aside€ 0.1 million for pension, retirement or similar benefits for the members of the Supervisory Board who are employed by us.
Board of Managing Directors
The Chairman’s Committee of the Supervisory Board has functional responsibility for determining the structure and size of the compensation of the members of the Board of Managing Directors. In particular, the Chairman’s Committee determines salaries and other compensation elements for the Board of Managing Directors.
We have entered into service agreements with members of our Board of Managing Directors. These agreements established the following two principal elements of compensation:
Salary. The members of the Board of Managing Directors receive a salary which is disbursed in monthly installments. It is determined on the basis of an analysis of salaries paid to executive directors at a selected group of comparable international companies.
Cash Bonus.As part of the variable compensation we pay annual cash bonuses to members of our Board of Managing Directors based on achievement of the planned return on equity of the Group.
Mid-Term-Incentive (“MTI”).As further part of the variable compensation we grant a performance-based mid-term-incentive which reflects, for a rolling two year period, the ratio between our total shareholder return and the corresponding average figure for a peer group. The mid-term-incentive payment
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consists of a cash component (1/3) and equity-based awards (2/3) which contain long-term risk elements under the DB Global Partnership Plan.
The aggregate remuneration, including performance-based compensation, earned by the members of our Board of Managing Directors for the year ended December 31, 2004 was€ 25,101,614. This aggregate remuneration was comprised of the following:
| | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ | | 2004 | | |
| | | | | | |
| Salary | | 3,550,000 | | |
| | | | | | |
| Bonuses, mid-term-incentive (cash and equity-based) | | 20,901,900 | | |
| | | | | | |
| Other remuneration1 | | 649,714 | | |
| | | | | | |
| Total remuneration | | 25,101,614 | | |
| | |
1 | | Insurance premiums, payments in kind and taxes. |
The members of our Board of Managing Directors received as part of the mid-term-incentive share-based awards, the ultimate value of which to the members of the Board of Managing Directors will depend on the price of Deutsche Bank shares. The units of each portion of this share-based compensation are described below.
DB Equity Units.In February 2005, we awarded an aggregate of 138,713 deferred share awards to members of our Board of Managing Directors. These shares are scheduled to be delivered on August 1, 2008.
For further information on the terms of our DB Global Partnership Plan, pursuant to which DB Equity Units are issued, see Note [20] to the consolidated financial statements.
Pursuant to the service contracts we have entered into with each of the members of our Board of Managing Directors, the board members are entitled to receive certain transitional payments upon termination of their board membership. If a member is terminated other than for cause, he or she is entitled to receive a severance payment generally consisting of his or her base salary for the remaining term of the service contract, as well as an amount corresponding to the member’s average annual bonus and MTI paid in the three years preceding the termination.
Our board members as of December 31, 2004 received the following remuneration for the year 2004:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Members of the Board | | Annual cash compensation | | | Equity-based MTI | | | | Total | | |
| of Managing Directors | | | | | | | | | Compensation | | |
| | | | | | | | | | Value of share- | | | | | | | |
| in€ | | Salary | | | Cash bonus/cash MTI | | | based awards* | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Dr. Josef Ackermann | | | 1,150,000 | | | | 5,016,000 | | | | 3,915,000 | | | | | 10,081,000 | | |
| | | | | |
| Dr. Clemens Börsig | | | 800,000 | | | | 2,235,300 | | | | 1,755,000 | | | | | 4,790,300 | | |
| | | | | |
| Dr. Tessen v. Heydebreck | | | 800,000 | | | | 2,235,300 | | | | 1,755,000 | | | | | 4,790,300 | | |
| | | | | |
| Hermann-Josef Lamberti | | | 800,000 | | | | 2,235,300 | | | | 1,755,000 | | | | | 4,790,300 | | |
| | | | | |
* | | The number of DB Equity Units granted to each member was determined by dividing such euro amounts by€ 66.18, the closing price of our shares on the grant date (February 1, 2005). The number of DB Equity Units granted to each member was as follows: Dr. Josef Ackermann 59,157, Dr. Clemens Börsig 26,519, Dr. Tessen v. Heydebreck 26,519, and Hermann-Josef Lamberti 26,519. |
In addition to the above amounts that we paid to members of the Board of Managing Directors in 2004, we paid former members of the Board of Managing Directors or their surviving dependents an aggregate of€ 17,918,080 in 2004. During 2004 we set aside€ 1,087,064 for pension, retirement or similar benefits for our Board of Managing Directors.
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Employees
As of December 31, 2004, we employed a total of 65,417 staff members as compared to 67,682 as of December 31, 2003 and 77,442 as of December 31, 2002. We calculate our employee figures on a full-time equivalent basis, meaning we include proportionate numbers of part-time employees.
The following table shows our numbers of full-time equivalent employees as of December 31, 2004, 2003, and 2002:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Employees1 | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | | Dec 31, 2003 | | | Dec 31, 2002 | | |
| | | | | |
| Germany | | | | 27,093 | | | | 29,878 | | | | 33,844 | | |
| | | | | |
| Europe (outside Germany)2 | | | | 19,538 | | | | 19,403 | | | | 21,538 | | |
| | | | | |
| Asia-Pacific | | | | 6,458 | | | | 5,976 | | | | 6,102 | | |
| | | | | |
| North America3 | | | | 11,954 | | | | 11,920 | | | | 15,356 | | |
| | | | | |
| South America | | | | 374 | | | | 504 | | | | 601 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total employees | | | | 65,417 | | | | 67,682 | | | | 77,442 | | |
| | | | | |
1 | | Full-time equivalent employees; in 2004, the employees of representative offices previously shown in the host country were assigned to the home country; numbers for 2003 (48 employees) and 2002 (68 employees) have been reclassified to reflect this. |
|
2 | | Includes an immaterial number of employees in Africa. |
|
3 | | Primarily the United States. |
The number of our employees decreased by 2,266 to 65,417 during the year. Approximately half of this reduction was caused by the divestment of subsidiaries, in particular european transaction bank (etb) and DB Payments. The remaining reduction primarily resulted from natural staff fluctuation.
The proportion of employees working in Germany as a percentage of our total staff fell from 44.1% to 41.4%, primarily due to the deconsolidation of the above-mentioned German subsidiaries.
The following charts show the relative proportions of employees in our Group Divisions and our Corporate Center as of December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002. (Proportions for 2003 and 2002 according to structure as of 2004; due to the further development of our organizational structure, DB Services employees (which represented 7% of our employees as of December 31, 2002) were moved to the Group Divisions as of January 1, 2003; proportions for 2002 have been reclassified to reflect this.)
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Labor Relations
In Germany, labor unions and employers’ associations generally negotiate collective bargaining agreements on salaries and benefits for employees below the management level. Many companies in Germany, including we and our material German subsidiaries, are members of employers’ associations and are bound by collective bargaining agreements.
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Each year, our employers’ association, theArbeitgeberverband des privaten Bankgewerbes e.V., ordinarily renegotiates the collective bargaining agreements that cover many of our employees. The current agreement reached in July 2004 (after only 3 sessions of intensive bargaining) terminates on May 31, 2006. The agreement includes no pay raise from June until August 2004, a 2.0% pay raise from September 1, 2004 to August 31, 2005 and another 1.6% pay raise from September 1, 2005. Additionally, unions and employers agreed on a so-called “hardship clause”, which allows making the collective bargaining agreement more responsive to the needs of the individual company (e. g., reduced benefits when the economic situation is difficult). Further aspects of the agreement relate to an increasing part of total compensation being agreed for flexibility according to performance criteria and on corporate results. Furthermore, an initiative to raise the quota of apprentices in the banking sector was agreed as well as several improvements in the master tariff agreement - including an extension of regulations governing work on Saturdays, part-time retirement arrangements, early retirement and employment protection.
Our employers’ association negotiates with the following unions:
– | | ver.di (Vereinigte Dienstleistungsgewerkschaft), a union formed in July 2001 resulting from the merger of five unions, including the former bank unionsDeutsche Angestellten GewerkschaftandGewerkschaft Handel, Banken und Versicherungen |
– | | Deutscher Bankangestellten Verband (DBV) |
– | | Deutscher Handels-und Industrieangestellten Verband (DHV) |
German law prohibits us from asking our employees whether they are members of labor unions. Therefore, we do not know how many of our employees are members of unions. Approximately 15 to 20% of the employees in the German banking industry are organized into unions. We estimate that less than 15% of our employees in Germany are unionized. On a worldwide basis, we estimate that approximately 15% of our employees belong to labor unions.
Share Ownership
Board of Managing Directors
As of February 28, 2005, the current members of our Board of Managing Directors held the following numbers of our shares, DB Equity Units and Performance Options:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Members of the Board | | Number of shares | | | Number of | | | Number of | | |
| of Managing Directors | | | | | | DB Equity Units | | | Performance Options | | |
| | |
| Dr. Josef Ackermann | | | 114,420 | | | | 177,499 | | | | 100,374 | | |
| | |
| Dr. Clemens Börsig | | | 10,250 | 1 | | | 83,921 | | | | 63,684 | | |
| | |
| Dr. Tessen von Heydebreck | | | 10,000 | | | | 85,172 | | | | 64,919 | | |
| | |
| Hermann-Josef Lamberti | | | 21,558 | | | | 85,172 | | | | 64,919 | | |
| | |
| Total | | | 156,228 | | | | 431,764 | | | | 293,896 | | |
| | |
1 | | Excluding 150 Deutsche Bank shares, pooled in a family held partnership, in which Dr. Clemens Börsig has an interest of less than 25%. |
The current members of our Board of Managing Directors held an aggregate of 156,228 of our shares on February 28, 2005, amounting to approximately 0.03% of our outstanding share capital on that date.
The table below shows information regarding the 431,764 DB Equity Units held by the current members of our Board of Managing Directors as of February 28, 2005:
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| | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Numbers of DB Equity Units | | Vesting Date | | Delivery Date | |
| | |
| 58,827 | | February 1, 2004 | | August 1, 2005 | |
| | |
| 14,707 | | August 1, 2005 | | August 1, 2005 | |
| | |
| 95,853 | | February 1, 2005 | | August 1, 2006 | |
| | |
| 23,963 | | August 1, 2006 | | August 1, 2006 | |
| | |
| 79,759 | | February 1, 2006 | | August 1, 2007 | |
| | |
| 19,940 | | August 1, 2007 | | August 1, 2007 | |
| | |
| 110,970 | | February 1, 2007 | | August 1, 2008 | |
| | |
| 27,743 | | August 1, 2008 | | August 1, 2008 | |
| | |
The table below shows information regarding the 293,896 Performance Options held by the current members of our Board of Managing Directors as of February 28, 2005. All Performance Options were granted under the DB Global Partnership Plan. Each Performance Option is accompanied by a Partnership Appreciation Right.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Number of | | Strike Price in€ | | Vesting Date | | Expiration Date | |
| Performance Options | | | | | | | |
| | |
| 32,772 | | | 89.96 | | February 1, 2004 | | February 1, 2008 | |
| | |
| 32,772 | | | 89.96 | | February 1, 2005 | | February 1, 2008 | |
| | |
| 32,772 | | | 89.96 | | February 1, 2006 | | February 1, 2008 | |
| | |
| 80,700 | | | 47.53 | | February 1, 2005 | | February 1, 2009 | |
| | |
| 38,293 | | | 76.61 | | February 1, 2006 | | February 1, 2010 | |
| | |
| 38,293 | | | 76.61 | | February 1, 2007 | | February 1, 2010 | |
| | |
| 38,293 | | | 76.61 | | February 1, 2008 | | February 1, 2010 | |
| | |
For more information on DB Equity Units, Performance Options and Partnership Appreciation Rights, all of which are granted under the DB Global Partnership Plan, see Note [20] to the consolidated financial statements.
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Supervisory Board
As of February 28, 2005, the current members of our Supervisory Board held the following numbers of our shares, share grants under our employee share plans and options on our shares:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| |
| Members of the Supervisory Board | | Number of Shares | | | Number of Share Grants | | | Number of Options | | |
| | |
| Dr. Rolf-E. Breuer | | | 20,107 | | | | 29,013 | | | | 57,310 | | |
| | |
| Dr. rer.oec. Karl-Hermann Baumann | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | |
| Dr. Karl-Gerhard Eick | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | |
| Heidrun Förster | | | 500 | | | | 10 | | | | 200 | | |
| | |
| Klaus Funk | | | 150 | | | | 10 | | | | 200 | | |
| | |
| Ulrich Hartmann | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | |
| Sabine Horn | | | 35 | | | | 10 | | | | 100 | | |
| | |
| Rolf Hunck | | | 124 | | | | 9,267 | | | | 986 | | |
| | |
| Sir Peter Job | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | |
| Prof. Dr. Henning Kagermann | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | |
| Ulrich Kaufmann | | | 55 | | | | 10 | | | | 200 | | |
| | |
| Prof. Dr. Paul Kirchhof | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | |
| Henriette Mark | | | 238 | | | | 10 | | | | 200 | | |
| | |
| Margret Mönig-Raane | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | |
| Dr. Michael Otto | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | |
| Gabriele Platscher | | | 699 | | | | 10 | | | | 100 | | |
| | |
| Karin Ruck | | | 70 | | | | 10 | | | | 120 | | |
| | |
| Tilman Todenhöfer | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | |
| Dipl.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Jürgen Weber | | | 300 | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | |
| Dipl.-Ing. Albrecht Woeste | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | |
| Leo Wunderlich | | | 672 | | | | 10 | | | | 200 | | |
| | |
| Total | | | 22,950 | | | | 38,360 | | | | 59,616 | | |
| | |
As of February 28, 2005, the members of the Supervisory Board held 22,950 shares, amounting to 0.0044% of our outstanding share capital on that date.
Some of the Supervisory Board members who are or were formerly employees received grants under our employee share plans entitling them to receive shares at specified future dates or granting them options to acquire shares at future dates. For a description of our employee share plans, please refer to Note [20] of the consolidated financial statements. Shares that have been delivered to such employees as a result of grants under the plans (including following the exercise of options granted thereunder), and that have not been disposed by them, are shown in the “Number of Shares” column in the table above, as are shares otherwise acquired by them. Shares granted under the plans that have not yet been delivered to such employees are shown in the “Number of Share Grants” column.
The share grants to Dr. Rolf-E. Breuer consist of 29,013 shares granted under the DB Global Partnership Plan as compensation during his prior service as Spokesman of our Board of Managing Directors, which are scheduled to be delivered to him on August 1, 2005. The share grants to Rolf Hunck include 9,257 shares granted under the Restricted Equity Units Plan as part of his compensation as an employee, which are scheduled to be delivered to him in portions on August 1, 2007, 2008 and 2009. The other grants reflected in the table were made to employee members of our Supervisory Board under the DB Global Share Plan 2004, and are scheduled to be delivered on November 1, 2005.
Dr. Rolf-E. Breuer holds a total of 57,310 Performance Options granted under the DB Global Partnership Plan as compensation during his prior service as Spokesman of our Board of Managing Directors. Dr. Breuer’s options have a strike price of€ 89.96, vesting dates of February 1, 2004, 2005 and 2006, and an expiration date of February 1, 2008. Rolf Hunck holds a total of 726 Performance Options granted under the DB Global Partnership Plan as part of his compensation as an employee, which were received in February 2002 and have a strike price of€ 89.96, vesting dates of February 1, 2004, 2005 and 2006, and an expiration date of February 1, 2008. Each Performance Option is accompanied by a Partnership Appreciation Right. Mr. Hunck also received 4,000 stock appreciation rights under the
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Stock Appreciation Rights Plan as part of his compensation as an employee, which were received in December 2000, have a strike price of€ 86.50 and are exercisable from January 12, 2005 through January 5, 2007. The other options reflected in the table were acquired via the voluntary participation of employee members of our Supervisory Board in the DB Global Share Plan. DB Global Share Plan options issued in 2001 generally have a strike price of€ 87.66, a vesting date of January 2, 2004 and an expiration date of November 13, 2007; those issued in 2002 generally have a strike price of€ 55.39, a vesting date of January 2, 2005 and an expiration date of November 13, 2008; those issued in 2003 generally have a strike price of€ 75.24, a vesting date of January 2, 2006 and an expiration date of December 11, 2009. All options are with respect to our ordinary shares.
Since October 30, 2004, the amended German law on directors’ dealings (Section 15a of the German Securities Trading Act (Wertpapierhandelsgesetz)) requires persons discharging managerial responsibilities within an issuer of financial instruments, and persons closely associated with them, to disclose their personal transactions in shares of such issuer and financial instruments based on them, especially derivatives, to the issuer and to the BaFin.
In accordance with our policy and the German law, we have disclosed directors’ dealings in our shares and financial instruments based on them, especially derivatives, in a document available on our Internet website at http://www.deutsche-bank.com/corporate-governance.
Employee Share Programs
For a description of our employee share programs, please refer to Note [20] to the consolidated financial statements.
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Item 7: Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions
Major Shareholders
On December 31, 2004, our issued share capital amounted to€ 1,392,266,870 divided into 543,854,246 no par value ordinary registered shares.
On December 31, 2004, we had 467,603 registered shareholders. The majority of our shareholders are retail investors in Germany.
The following charts show our share distribution and the composition of our shareholders on December 31, 2004:
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Other institutional investors and companies 69% Insurance companies, investment companies 13% Other private persons 10% wage and salary earners, pensioners* 8% Wage and salary earners, pensioners* 50% institutional investors 2% Other private persons 48% |
* Including Deutsche Bank employees and pensioners |
On February 28, 2005, a total of 45,938,239 of our shares were registered in the names of 1,781 shareholders resident in the United States. These shares represented 8.45% of our share capital on that date. On December 31, 2003, a total of 66,068,424 of our shares were registered in the names of 1,960 holders of record resident in the United States. These shares represented 11.35% of our share capital on that date.
The German Securities Trading Act(Wertpapierhandelsgesetz)requires investors in publicly-traded corporations whose investments reach certain thresholds to notify both the corporation and the BaFin of such change within seven days. The minimum disclosure threshold is 5% of the corporation’s outstanding voting share capital.
We are not aware of any single investor holding 5% or more of our shares as of February 28, 2005.
We are neither directly nor indirectly owned nor controlled by any other corporation, by any foreign government or by any other natural or legal person severally or jointly.
Pursuant to German law and our Articles of Association, to the extent that we may have major shareholders at any time, we may not give them different voting rights from any of the other shareholders holding the same class of shares.
We are aware of no arrangements the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in control of our company.
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Related Party Transactions
We have business relationships with a number of the companies in which we own significant equity interests. We also have business relationships with a number of companies where members of our Board of Managing Directors also hold positions on boards of directors. Our business relationships with these companies cover many of the financial services we provide to our clients generally.
We believe that we conduct all of our business with these companies on terms equivalent to those that would exist if we did not have equity holdings in them or management members in common, and that we have conducted business with these companies on that basis in 2004 and prior years. None of these transactions is or was material to us.
Among our business with related party companies in 2004 there have been and currently are loans, guarantees and commitments. All of these lending-related credit exposures (excluding derivatives), which totaled€ 3.5 billion (of which€ 1.7 billion related to our equity method investment in EUROHYPO AG) as of February 28, 2005,
– | | were made in the ordinary course of business, |
– | | were made on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with other persons, and |
– | | did not involve more than the normal risk of collectibility or present other unfavorable features. |
We have not conducted material business with parties that fall outside of the definition of related parties, but with whom we or our related parties have a relationship that enables the parties to negotiate terms of material transactions that may not be available from other, more clearly independent, parties on an arm’s-length basis.
EUROHYPO
Following an agreement in principle reached in 2001, in the third quarter of 2002 we merged our mortgage bank subsidiary, EUROHYPO AG Europäische Hypothekenbank der Deutsche Bank AG (“Eurohypo Old”), with the mortgage bank subsidiaries of Dresdner Bank AG and Commerzbank AG, to form the new EUROHYPO AG (“EUROHYPO”). After the merger, we contributed part of our London-based real estate investment banking business to EUROHYPO in December 2002. In January 2003, our German commercial real estate financing division in Germany and Dresdner Bank AG’s U.S.-based real estate investment banking team were transferred to EUROHYPO. Subsequent to these transactions, we owned 37.7% of the outstanding share capital of EUROHYPO.
Two members of the supervisory board of EUROHYPO, including the Deputy Spokesman, are employees of Deutsche Bank. Additionally, two members of the Board of Managing Directors of EUROHYPO, including the Spokesman, were members of the management board of Eurohypo Old prior to the merger.
Besides our equity stake, which had a book value of€ 2.5 billion at December 31, 2004, we provide EUROHYPO with loans and commitments. Total loans and commitments (including derivative lines) as of December 31, 2004 were€ 4.3 billion, of which€ 2.2 billion were utilized at that date.
Deutsche Bank AG, Commerzbank AG and Dresdner Bank AG each granted EUROHYPO financial guarantees to protect EUROHYPO against losses resulting from loan loss provisions arising from loans each contributed to the new entity up to a fixed maximum amount for the period until December 31, 2006. While the maximum amount of the financial guarantees of Commerzbank AG and Dresdner Bank AG had already been utilized by the end of 2003, our financial guarantee, which had an initial maximum amount of€ 283 million, is still in force with an unutilized amount of€ 51 million as of December 31, 2004. Furthermore, we held fixed income securities issued by EUROHYPO, classified as securities available for sale, in the amount of€ 665 million as of December 31, 2004.
Under the agreement in principle referred to above, Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank AG and Dresdner Bank AG have agreed to certain transfer restrictions regarding their shares in EUROHYPO which are in force until December 31, 2008, including preemptive rights.
In March 2004, the major shareholders waived their rights to a dividend payment in respect of the fiscal year 2003 and EUROHYPO announced that it had taken a decision in March 2004 to establish additional general banking reserves allowable under German accounting rules (HGB). We account for
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our investment in EUROHYPO under the equity method and as such recognize in our income statement our proportional share of the after-tax earnings or losses of EUROHYPO as reported applying U.S. GAAP. In November 2004, EUROHYPO’s retail banking unit sold approximately 14,000 of its German nonperforming mortgage loans to a newly founded company, established for this purpose, of which EUROHYPO owns 33% and a Citibank-led consortium owns the balance.
Xchanging etb GmbH
Based on agreements reached in May 2004, we transferred our stake in etb to Xchanging etb GmbH (formerly Zweite Xchanging GmbH), which is located in Germany, and received in turn a 49% nonvoting capital stake in Xchanging etb GmbH. The remaining 51% is owned by Xchanging HoldCo No 3 Ltd (UK), a 100% subsidiary of Xchanging B.V. (NL) (‘Xchanging’). Founded in 1998, Xchanging is an internationally positioned business process outsourcer and back office services provider, with locations in UK, France, Germany, the United States and Asia. etb is in general a provider for security settlement services we founded in 1999. The change of control was realized at May 31/June 1, 2004 when Xchanging took over management control and full operational responsibility for etb.
One of the four executive directors of Xchanging etb GmbH is an employee of Deutsche Bank Group (a supervisory board does not yet exist at Xchanging etb GmbH). Additionally, one member of the supervisory board of etb is an employee of ours. Furthermore, two members of the management board of etb were members of the management board of etb prior to the change of control when it was our wholly-owned subsidiary.
The arrangements with etb (under the control of Xchanging) include a 12-year service agreement. This agreement is aimed to reduce our costs for the agreed security settlement services while maintaining control over services provided as well as the desired quality and performance. It also ensures significant investments of Xchanging in order to enhance processes and etb’s service delivery platform for additional new clients. In return for the services received, we provide services such as human resource, controlling, audit and corporate security to etb, as we did before the transfer. The volume of services received from etb in 2004 amounted to€ 130 million while the volume of services provided to etb in 2004 amounted to€ 43 million. We account for our investment in Xchanging etb GmbH under the equity method. Currently the Group intends to sell a 5% stake in Xchanging etb GmbH to a client of etb, who uses their services to a larger extent.
Related Party Nonaccrual Loans
Aside from our other shareholdings, we hold acquired equity interests in some of our clients arising from our efforts to protect our then-outstanding lending exposures to them.
The table below shows information on loans to related party companies that we have classified as nonaccrual as of December 31, 2004. As such, these nonaccrual loans may exhibit more than normal risk of collectibility or present other unfavorable features. The amounts outstanding disclosed for February 28, 2005 aggregate to€ 61 million, down€ 201 million or 77% from February 29, 2004. We hold a significant portion of the outstanding equity interests in customers B and D noted below and account for these equity interests in our financial statements using the equity method of accounting (as described in Note [1] to the consolidated financial statements). Our participating interests in customers A and C and Radio Movil Digital Americas, Inc. are 10% or more of their voting rights.
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| | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | Amount outstanding as | | Largest amount out- | | Nature of the loan and transaction in which incurred | |
| | | of February 28, 2005 | | standing January 1, 2004 | | | |
| in€ m. | | | | to February 28, 2005 | | | |
| | |
| Customer A | | 34 | | 97 | | Comprised of a€ 33 million real estate finance loan bearing interest at 6.27% per annum and guarantees which were honored after the company filed for liquidation bearing no interest. The loan is payable on demand and interest accrual has been stopped. | |
| | |
| Customer B | | 8 | | 9 | | Former sale and leaseback transaction bearing interest at 5.2% per annum, for which we have demanded repayment and stopped accruing interest. | |
| | |
| Customer C | | 1 | | 4 | | Cash loan payable on demand, bearing interest at 8% per annum, for which interest accrual has been stopped. | |
| | |
| Customer D | | 3 | | 3 | | Long term refinancing of non-recourse lease, bearing interest at 6.9% per annum, maturing June 2019, for which interest accrual has been stopped. | |
| | |
| Radio Movil Digital Americas, Inc. | | 15 | | 18 | | Cash loan payable on demand, bearing interest at 12% per annum, for which interest accrual has been stopped. | |
| | |
We have not disclosed the names of the customers referred to by letters above because we have concluded that such disclosure would conflict with applicable privacy laws, such as customer confidentiality and data protection laws, and such customers have not waived application of these privacy laws. A legal opinion regarding such privacy laws is filed as Exhibit 14.1 hereto.
Interests of Experts and Counsel
Not required because this document is filed as an annual report.
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Item 8: Financial Information
Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information
Consolidated Financial Statements
See “Item 18: Financial Statements” and our consolidated financial statements beginning on page F-3.
Legal Proceedings
Research Analyst Independence Investigations. On August 26, 2004, Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. (“DBSI”), Deutsche Bank’s U.S. broker-dealer subsidiary, reached a settlement with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, the National Association of Securities Dealers, the New York Stock Exchange and state securities regulators (“U.S. securities regulators”) concerning investigations relating to research analyst independence. The U.S. securities regulators had previously settled similar charges with ten other investment banks. In settling the investigation, DBSI neither admitted nor denied the allegations, and agreed to pay: (i) U.S.$ 50 million, of which U.S.$ 25 million is a civil penalty and U.S.$ 25 million is for restitution to investors; (ii) U.S.$ 25 million over five years (starting in the first quarter of 2005) to provide third-party research to clients; (iii) U.S.$ 5 million over five years to fund investor education programs; and (iv) U.S.$ 7.5 million as a penalty in connection with late production of email in the course of the investigation. In addition, DBSI agreed to adopt certain reforms designed to bolster analyst independence. DBSI had previously implemented many of these reforms. Deutsche Bank has provided for the current exposures in its consolidated financial statements.
IPO Allocation Litigation:DBSI and its predecessor firms, along with numerous other securities firms, have been named as defendants in over 80 putative class action lawsuits pending in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. These lawsuits allege violations of securities and antitrust laws in connection with the allocation of shares in a large number of initial public offerings (“IPOs”) by issuers, officers and directors of issuers, and underwriters of those securities. DBSI is named in these suits as an underwriter. The purported securities class actions allege material misstatements and omissions in registration statements and prospectuses for the IPOs and market manipulation with respect to aftermarket trading in the IPO securities. Among the allegations are that the underwriters tied the receipt of allocations of IPO shares to required aftermarket purchases by customers and to the payment of undisclosed compensation to the underwriters in the form of commissions on securities trades, and that the underwriters caused misleading analyst reports to be issued. The antitrust claims allege an illegal conspiracy to affect the stock price based on similar allegations that the underwriters required aftermarket purchases and undisclosed commissions in exchange for allocation of IPO stocks. In the purported securities class actions, the motions to dismiss the complaints of DBSI and others were denied on February 13, 2003. Plaintiffs’ motion to certify 6 “test” cases as class actions in the securities cases was granted on October 13, 2004, and DBSI and other defendants have filed a petition for permission to appeal that decision to the Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. Discovery in the securities cases is underway. In the purported antitrust class action, the defendants’ motion to dismiss the complaint was granted on November 3, 2003, and the plaintiffs subsequently appealed to the Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. The appeal has been fully briefed and argued and the parties are awaiting a decision by the court.
Enron Litigation. Deutsche Bank AG and certain of its affiliates are collectively involved in more than 25 lawsuits arising out of their banking relationship with Enron Corp., its subsidiaries and certain Enron-related entities (“Enron”). These lawsuits include a series of purported class actions brought on behalf of shareholders of Enron, including the lead action captioned Newby v. Enron Corp. The consolidated complaint filed in Newby named as defendants, among others, Deutsche Bank AG, several other investment banking firms, a number of law firms, Enron’s former accountants and affiliated entities and individuals and other individual defendants, including present and former officers and directors of Enron, and it purported to allege claims against Deutsche Bank AG under federal securities laws. On December 20, 2002, the Court dismissed all of the claims alleged in the Newby action against
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Deutsche Bank AG. Plaintiffs in Newby filed a first amended consolidated complaint on May 14, 2003 and reasserted claims against Deutsche Bank AG under federal securities laws and also added similar claims against its subsidiaries DBSI and DBTCA. On March 29, 2004, the Court dismissed in part the claims alleged in the Newby action against the Deutsche Bank entities. Plaintiffs in Newby have filed a motion seeking reconsideration of the Deutsche Bank entities’ partial dismissal, which motion is pending. Also, an adversary proceeding has been brought by Enron in the bankruptcy court against, among others, Deutsche Bank AG and certain of its affiliates. In this adversary proceeding, Enron seeks damages from the Deutsche Bank entities, as well as the other defendants, for alleged aiding and abetting breaches of fiduciary duty by Enron insiders, aiding and abetting fraud and unlawful civil conspiracy, and also seeks return of alleged fraudulent conveyances and preferences and equitable subordination of their claims in the Enron bankruptcy. The Deutsche Bank entities’ motion to partially dismiss the adversary complaint is pending. In addition to Newby and the adversary proceeding described above, there are third-party actions brought by Arthur Andersen in Enron-related cases asserting contribution claims against Deutsche Bank AG, DBSI and many other defendants, and individual and putative class actions brought in various courts by Enron investors and creditors alleging federal and state law claims against the same entities named by Arthur Andersen, as well as DBTCA. Deutsche Bank entities, along with various investors, creditor plaintiffs, the Enron bankruptcy estate and various financial institutions, have participated in court-ordered mediation before the Honorable William C. Conner, Senior United States District Judge for the Southern District of New York.
WorldCom Litigation. Deutsche Bank AG and DBSI are defendants in more than 40 actions filed in federal and state courts arising out of alleged material misstatements and omissions in the financial statements of WorldCom Inc. DBSI was a member of the syndicate that underwrote WorldCom’s May 2000 and May 2001 bond offerings, which are among the bond offerings at issue in the actions. Deutsche Bank AG, London branch was a member of the syndicate that underwrote the sterling and euro tranches of the May 2001 bond offering. Plaintiffs are alleged purchasers of these and other WorldCom debt securities. The defendants in the various actions include certain WorldCom directors and officers, WorldCom’s auditor and members of the underwriting syndicates for the debt offerings. Plaintiffs allege that the offering documents contained material misstatements and/or omissions regarding WorldCom’s financial condition. The claims against DBSI and Deutsche Bank AG are made under federal and state statutes (including securities laws), and under various common law doctrines. The largest of the actions against Deutsche Bank AG and DBSI is a class action litigation in the U.S. District Court in the Southern District of New York, in which the class plaintiffs are the holders of a significant majority of the bonds at issue. On March 10, 2005, Deutsche Bank AG and DBSI reached a settlement agreement, subject to court approval, resolving the class action claims asserted against them, for a payment of approximately U.S.$ 325 million. The settlement of the class action claims does not resolve the individual actions brought by investors who chose to opt out of the federal class action. The financial effects of the class action settlement are reflected in our 2004 consolidated financial statements.
In the Matter of KPMG LLP Certain Auditor Independence Issues.On November 20, 2003, the SEC requested us to produce certain documents in connection with an ongoing investigation of certain auditor independence issues relating to KPMG LLP. We are cooperating with the SEC in its inquiry. KPMG Deutsche Treuhand-Gesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft (KPMG DTG), a KPMG LLP affiliate, is our auditor. During all relevant periods, including the present, KPMG DTG has confirmed to us that KPMG DTG was and is “independent” from us under applicable accounting and SEC regulations.
Kirch Litigation. In May 2002, Dr. Leo Kirch personally and as an assignee initiated legal action against Dr. Breuer and Deutsche Bank AG alleging that a statement made by Dr. Breuer (then the Spokesman of Deutsche Bank’s Board of Managing Directors) in an interview with Bloomberg television on February 4, 2002 regarding the Kirch Group was in breach of laws and financially damaging to Kirch. On February 18, 2003, the Munich District Court No. I issued a declaratory judgment to the effect that Deutsche Bank AG and Dr. Breuer were jointly and severally liable for damages to Dr. Kirch, TaurusHolding GmbH & Co. KG and PrintBeteiligungs GmbH as a result of the interview statement. Upon appeal, the Munich Superior Court on December 10, 2003 reaffirmed the decision of the District Court against Deutsche Bank AG, whereas the case against Dr. Breuer was dismissed. Both Dr. Kirch and
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Deutsche Bank AG have filed motions with the Supreme Court in Civil Matters to set the judgment of the Superior Court aside. The Supreme Court is expected to hold a hearing on the appeals of both sides in fall 2005. To be awarded a judgment for damages against Deutsche Bank AG, Dr. Kirch would have to file a new lawsuit; in such proceedings he would have to prove that the statement caused financial damages and the amount thereof. In mid 2003 Dr. Kirch instituted legal action in the Supreme Court of the State of New York in which he seeks the award of compensatory and punitive damages based upon Dr. Breuer’s interview. Upon referral to the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, the case was dismissed on September 24, 2004. Dr. Kirch appealed this decision.
Philipp Holzmann AG.Philipp Holzmann AG (“Holzmann”) is a major German construction firm which filed for insolvency in March 2002. We had been a major creditor bank and holder of an equity interest of Holzmann for many decades, and, from April 1997 until April 2000, a former member of our Board of Managing Directors was the Chairman of its Supervisory Board. When Holzmann had become insolvent at the end of 1999, a consortium of banks led by us participated in late 1999 and early 2000 in a restructuring of Holzmann that included the banks’ extension of a credit facility, participation in a capital increase and exchange of debt into convertible bonds. In March 2002, Holzmann and several of its subsidiaries, including in particular imbau Industrielles Bauen GmbH (“imbau”), filed for insolvency. As a result of this insolvency, the administrators for Holzmann and for imbau and a group of bondholders have informed us they may assert claims against us because of our role as lender to the Holzmann group prior to and after the restructuring and as leader of the consortium of banks which supported the restructuring. The purported claims include claims that amounts repaid to the banks constituted voidable preferences that should be returned to the insolvent entities and claims of lender liability resulting from the banks’ support for an allegedly infeasible restructuring. Although we are in ongoing discussions, we cannot exclude that some of the parties may file lawsuits against us. To date, the administrator for imbau filed a lawsuit against us in August 2004 alleging that payments received by us in respect of a loan made to imbau in 1997 and 1998 and in connection with a real estate transaction that was part of the restructuring constituted voidable preferences that should be returned to the insolvent entity. Additionally, Gebema N.V. filed a lawsuit in 2000 seeking damages against us alleging deficiencies in the offering documents based on which Gebema N.V. had invested in equity and convertible bonds of Holzmann in 1998.
Due to the nature of our business, we and our subsidiaries are involved in litigation, arbitration and regulatory proceedings in Germany and in a number of jurisdictions outside Germany, including the United States, arising in the ordinary course of our businesses. Such matters are subject to many uncertainties, and the outcome of individual matters is not predictable with assurance. Although the final resolution of any such matters could have a material effect on our consolidated operating results for a particular reporting period, we believe that it should not materially affect our consolidated financial position.
Dividend Policy
We generally pay dividends each year, and expect to continue to do so in the near future. However, we may not pay dividends in the future at rates we have paid them in previous years. If we are not profitable, we may not pay dividends at all.
Under German law, our dividends are based on the results of Deutsche Bank AG as prepared in accordance with German accounting rules. Our Board of Managing Directors, which prepares the annual financial statements of Deutsche Bank AG on an unconsolidated basis, and our Supervisory Board, which reviews them, first allocate part of Deutsche Bank’s annual surplus (if any) to our statutory reserves and to any losses carried forward, as it is legally required to do. Then they allocate the remainder between profit reserves (or retained earnings) and balance sheet profit (or distributable profit). They may allocate up to one-half of this remainder to profit reserves, and must allocate at least one-half to balance sheet profit. We then distribute the full amount of the balance sheet profit of Deutsche Bank AG if the shareholders’ meeting resolves so. The shareholders’ meeting may resolve a non-cash distribution instead of or in addition to a cash dividend. However, we are not legally required to distribute our balance sheet profit to our shareholders to the extent that we have issued participatory
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rights (Genussrechte) or granted a silent participation (stille Gesellschaft) that accord their holders the right to a portion of our distributable profit.
We declare dividends at the Annual General Meeting and pay them once a year. If we issue a new class of shares, our Articles of Association permit us to declare a different dividend entitlement for the new class of shares. Although we expect to continue for the near future to pay dividends each year, we may not pay dividends at rates we have paid them in previous years or at all.
Significant Changes
There has been no significant change subsequent to December 31, 2004.
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Item 9: The Offer and Listing
Offer and Listing Details
Our share capital consists of ordinary shares issued in registered form without par value. Under German law, no par value shares are deemed to have a “nominal” value equal to the total amount of share capital divided by the number of shares. Our shares have a nominal value of€ 2.56 per share.
The principal trading market for our shares is the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. We maintain a share register in Frankfurt am Main and, for purpose of the trading our shares on the New York Stock Exchange, a share register in New York.
All shares on German stock exchanges trade in euro. The following table sets forth, for the calendar periods indicated, high, low and period-end prices and average daily trading volumes for our shares as reported by the Frankfurt Stock Exchange and the high, low and period-end quotation for the DAX®(Deutscher Aktienindex)index, the principal German share index. All quotations are based on intraday prices. The DAX is a continuously updated, capital-weighted performance index of 30 major German companies. The DAX includes shares selected on the basis of stock exchange turnover and market capitalization. Adjustments to the DAX are made for capital changes, subscription rights and dividends, as well as for changes in the available free float.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | Our shares | | | | | |
| | | Price per share | | | Average daily | | | DAX®-Index | | |
| | | High | | | Low | | | Period end | | | trading | | | High | | | Low | | | Period end | | |
| | | (in€) | | | (in€) | | | (in€) | | | volume | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | (in thousands | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | of shares) | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Monthly 2005 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| February | | | 69.35 | | | | 65.20 | | | | 66.30 | | | | 3,796.77 | | | | 4,409.09 | | | | 4,249.69 | | | | 4,350.49 | | |
| January | | | 67.63 | | | | 63.35 | | | | 65.25 | | | | 3,684.59 | | | | 4,325.77 | | | | 4,160.83 | | | | 4,254.85 | | |
| | |
| Monthly 2004 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December | | | 66.33 | | | | 63.64 | | | | 65.32 | | | | 3,260.98 | | | | 4,272.18 | | | | 4,107.62 | | | | 4,256.08 | | |
| November | | | 65.50 | | | | 59.41 | | | | 63.75 | | | | 3,476.55 | | | | 4,219.05 | | | | 3,959.25 | | | | 4,126.00 | | |
| October | | | 61.75 | | | | 56.96 | | | | 59.59 | | | | 3,644.77 | | | | 4,078.50 | | | | 3,838.98 | | | | 3,960.25 | | |
| September | | | 61.18 | | | | 56.36 | | | | 57.87 | | | | 3,754.06 | | | | 4,000.13 | | | | 3,792.25 | | | | 3,892.90 | | |
| | |
| Quarterly 2004 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Fourth Quarter | | | 66.33 | | | | 56.96 | | | | 65.32 | | | | 3,461.01 | | | | 4,272.18 | | | | 3,838.98 | | | | 4,256.08 | | |
| Third Quarter | | | 65.35 | | | | 52.37 | | | | 57.87 | | | | 3,831.65 | | | | 4,101.52 | | | | 3,618.58 | | | | 3,892.90 | | |
| Second Quarter | | | 73.08 | | | | 63.02 | | | | 64.58 | | | | 4,105.99 | | | | 4,156.89 | | | | 3,710.02 | | | | 4,052.73 | | |
| First Quarter | | | 77.77 | | | | 62.20 | | | | 67.65 | | | | 4,874.38 | | | | 4,175.48 | | | | 3,692.40 | | | | 3,856.70 | | |
| | |
| Quarterly 2003 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Fourth Quarter | | | 66.04 | | | | 51.55 | | | | 65.70 | | | | 4,183.09 | | | | 3,996.28 | | | | 3,217.40 | | | | 3,965.16 | | |
| Third Quarter | | | 59.95 | | | | 51.20 | | | | 52.25 | | | | 4,451.45 | | | | 3,676.88 | | | | 3,119.35 | | | | 3,256.78 | | |
| Second Quarter | | | 60.10 | | | | 37.20 | | | | 56.48 | | | | 5,289.67 | | | | 3,324.44 | | | | 2,395.72 | | | | 3,220.58 | | |
| First Quarter | | | 47.90 | | | | 32.97 | | | | 38.50 | | | | 5,780.83 | | | | 3,157.25 | | | | 2,188.75 | | | | 2,423.87 | | |
| | |
| Annual | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2004 | | | 77.77 | | | | 52.37 | | | | 65.32 | | | | 4,066.27 | | | | 4,272.18 | | | | 3,618.58 | | | | 4,256.08 | | |
| 2003 | | | 66.04 | | | | 32.97 | | | | 65.70 | | | | 4,923.58 | | | | 3,996.28 | | | | 2,188.75 | | | | 3,965.16 | | |
| 2002 | | | 82.65 | | | | 35.60 | | | | 43.90 | | | | 4,703.89 | | | | 5,467.31 | | | | 2,519.30 | | | | 2,892.63 | | |
| 2001 | | | 105.64 | | | | 43.20 | | | | 79.40 | | | | 3,656.06 | | | | 6,795.14 | | | | 3,539.18 | | | | 5,160.10 | | |
| 2000 | | | 103.27 | | | | 68.75 | | | | 89.51 | | | | 2,790.71 | | | | 8,136.16 | | | | 6,110.26 | | | | 6,433.61 | | |
| | |
Note: All data is based on Orderbuchstatistik (Xetra).
On February 28, 2005, the closing quotation of our shares on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange within the Xetra system (which we describe below) was€ 66.30 per share and the closing quotation of the DAX-Index was 4,350.49. Our shares represented 7.70% of the DAX-Index on that date.
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Since October 3, 2001 our shares have also traded on the New York Stock Exchange, trading under the symbol “DB”. The following table shows, for the periods indicated, high, low and period-end prices and average daily trading volumes for our shares as reported on the New York Stock Exchange Composite Tape:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | Our shares | | |
| | | Price per share | | | Average daily | | |
| | | High | | | Low | | | Period end | | | trading | | |
| | | (in U.S.$) | | | (in U.S.$) | | | (in U.S.$) | | | volume | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | (in number of | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | shares) | | |
| | |
| Monthly 2005 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| February | | | 89.16 | | | | 85.59 | | | | 87.90 | | | | 81,416 | | |
| January | | | 89.08 | | | | 82.67 | | | | 84.99 | | | | 78,875 | | |
| | |
| Monthly 2004 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December | | | 89.35 | | | | 84.54 | | | | 89.01 | | | | 75,364 | | |
| November | | | 86.68 | | | | 75.85 | | | | 84.80 | | | | 83,310 | | |
| October | | | 76.52 | | | | 72.92 | | | | 76.15 | | | | 83,476 | | |
| September | | | 75.20 | | | | 68.83 | | | | 71.94 | | | | 84,690 | | |
| | |
| Quarterly 2004 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Fourth Quarter | | | 89.35 | | | | 72.92 | | | | 89.01 | | | | 80,633 | | |
| Third Quarter | | | 79.07 | | | | 64.70 | | | | 71.94 | | | | 81,423 | | |
| Second Quarter | | | 87.55 | | | | 76.10 | | | | 79.11 | | | | 79,389 | | |
| First Quarter | | | 94.99 | | | | 77.60 | | | | 83.48 | | | | 117,032 | | |
| | |
| Quarterly 2003 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Fourth Quarter | | | 82.62 | | | | 61.70 | | | | 82.21 | | | | 74,527 | | |
| Third Quarter | | | 68.55 | | | | 56.20 | | | | 60.69 | | | | 86,216 | | |
| Second Quarter | | | 70.34 | | | | 41.24 | | | | 64.42 | | | | 97,933 | | |
| First Quarter | | | 49.49 | | | | 36.44 | | | | 42.11 | | | | 129,015 | | |
| | |
| Annual | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2004 | | | 94.99 | | | | 64.70 | | | | 89.01 | | | | 89,483 | | |
| 2003 | | | 82.62 | | | | 36.44 | | | | 82.21 | | | | 96,537 | | |
| 2002 | | | 74.00 | | | | 35.26 | | | | 45.43 | | | | 54,047 | | |
| 2001 (beginning October 3, 2001) | | | 70.28 | | | | 51.90 | | | | 70.15 | | | | 50,744 | | |
| | |
Our shares were also traded over-the-counter in the United States in the form of American Depositary Receipts until September 28, 2001, when our ADR Program was terminated. In 2000, the high, low and period-end prices of our American Depositary Receipts on the U.S. over-the-counter market were $ 95.00, $ 60.75 and $ 83.88, respectively. In 2001 through September 28, 2001, such prices were $ 98.00, $ 42.00 and $ 54.25, respectively.
For a discussion of the possible effects of fluctuations in the exchange rate between the euro and the U.S. dollar on the price of our shares, see “Item 3: Key Information – Exchange Rate and Currency Information.”
You should not rely on our past share performance as a guide to our future share performance.
Plan of Distribution
Not required because this document is filed as an annual report.
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Markets
As described above, the principal trading market for our shares is the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. Our shares are also traded on the New York Stock Exchange and on the seven other German stock exchanges (Berlin, Bremen, Düsseldorf, Hamburg, Hannover, Munich and Stuttgart), as well as on the Amsterdam, Brussels, London, Luxembourg, Paris, Tokyo, Vienna and Swiss stock exchanges. Standardized options on our shares trade on the German-Swiss Stock Exchange(Eurex), which is jointly owned and operated by Deutsche Börse AG and the Swiss Stock Exchange. Standardized options on our shares are also traded on the Paris stock exchange(Marché à Terme International de France) and the Amsterdam stock exchange(European Option Exchange).
Frankfurt Stock Exchange
Deutsche Börse AG operates the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, the most significant of the eight German stock exchanges. The Frankfurt Stock Exchange, including Xetra (as described below), accounted for more than 96.4% of the total turnover in exchange-traded shares in Germany in 2004 (including 90.3% of the total turnover which is accounted for by Xetra in 2004). According to the World Federation of Exchange, Deutsche Börse AG was the sixth largest stock exchange in the world in 2004 measured by total value of share trading (including investment funds), after the New York Stock Exchange, NASDAQ, London, Tokyo and Euronext.
As of December 31, 2004, the shares of 6,209 companies traded on the different market segments of the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. Of these, 816 were German companies and 5,393 were non-German companies.
The prices of actively-traded securities, including our shares, are continuously quoted on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange floor between 9:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m., Central European time, each business day. Most securities listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange are traded on the auction market. Securities also trade in interbank dealer markets, both on and off the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. The price of securities on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange is determined by open outcry and noted by publicly commissioned stockbrokers. These publicly commissioned stockbrokers are members of the exchange but do not, as a rule, deal with the public.
The Frankfurt Stock Exchange publishes a daily official list of its quotations(Amtliches Kursblatt)for all traded securities. The list is available on the Internet at http://www.deutsche-boerse.com under the heading. “Market Data & Analytics – Statistics and Analysis-Spot-Market-Order Book Statistics-Xetra Close”.
Our shares trade on Xetra (Exchange Electronic Trading) in addition to trading on the auction market. Xetra is an electronic exchange trading platform operated by Deutsche Börse AG. Xetra is integrated into the Frankfurt Stock Exchange and is subject to its rules and regulations. Xetra is available daily between 9:00 a.m. and 5:30 p.m. Central European time to brokers and banks that have been admitted to Xetra by the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. Private investors are permitted to trade on Xetra through their banks or brokers.
Transactions on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange (including transactions through the Xetra system) are settled on the second business day following the transaction. Transactions off the Frankfurt Stock Exchange are also generally settled on the second business day following the transaction, although parties may agree on a different settlement time. Transactions off the Frankfurt Stock Exchange may occur in the case of large trades or if one of the parties is not German. The standard terms and conditions under which German banks generally conduct their business with customers require the banks to execute customer buy and sell orders for listed securities on a stock exchange unless the customer specifies otherwise.
The Frankfurt Stock Exchange can suspend trading if orderly trading is temporarily endangered or if necessary to protect the public interest. The BaFin monitors trading activities on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange and the other German stock exchanges.
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Selling Shareholders
Not required because this document is filed as an annual report.
Dilution
Not required because this document is filed as an annual report.
Expenses of the Issue
Not required because this document is filed as an annual report.
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Item 10: Additional Information
Share Capital
Not required because this document is filed as an annual report.
Memorandum and Articles of Association
For information regarding our Articles of Association, please refer to the discussion under the corresponding section of our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2003, which discussion we hereby incorporate by reference into this document.
Material Contracts
In the usual course of our business, we enter into numerous contracts with various other entities. We have not, however, entered into any material contracts outside the ordinary course of our business within the past two years.
Exchange Controls
As in other member states of the European Union, regulations issued by the competent European Union authorities to comply with United Nations Resolutions have caused freeze orders on assets of certain legal and natural persons designated in such regulations. Currently, these European Union regulations relate to persons of or in Burma/Myanmar, Iraq, Liberia, Sudan, former Yugoslavia/Serbia, Zimbabwe, persons of or in connection with the Al-Qaida network or the Taliban and certain other persons and entities with a view to combat international terrorism.
With some exceptions, corporations or individuals residing in Germany are required to report to the Bundesbank any payment received from, or made to or for the account of, a nonresident corporation or individual that exceeds€ 12,500 (or the equivalent in a foreign currency). This reporting requirement is for statistical purposes.
Subject to the above-mentioned exceptions, there are currently no German laws, decrees or regulations that would prevent the transfer of capital or remittance of dividends or other payments to our shareholders who are not residents or citizens of Germany.
There are also no restrictions under German law or our Articles of Association concerning the right of nonresident or foreign shareholders to hold our shares or to exercise any applicable voting rights.
Taxation
The following is a summary of the material German and United States federal income tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of shares by you if you are a resident of the United States for purposes of the income tax convention between the United States and Germany (the “Treaty”) and you are fully eligible for benefits under the Treaty. You generally will be entitled to Treaty benefits if you are:
– | | the beneficial owner of shares (and of the dividends paid with respect to your shares); |
– | | an individual resident of the United States, a U.S. corporation, or a partnership, estate or trust to the extent your income is subject to taxation in the United States in your hands or in the hands of your partners or beneficiaries; |
– | | not also a resident of Germany for German tax purposes; and |
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– | | not subject to an “anti-treaty shopping” article that applies in limited circumstances. |
The Treaty benefits discussed below generally are not available to shareholders who hold shares in connection with the conduct of business through a permanent establishment, or the performance of personal services through a fixed base, in Germany. The summary does not discuss the treatment of those shareholders.
The summary does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to any particular shareholder, including tax considerations that arise from rules of general application or that are generally assumed to be known by shareholders. In particular, the summary deals only with shareholders that will hold shares as capital assets and does not address the tax treatment of shareholders that are subject to special rules, such as fiduciaries of pension, profit-sharing or other employee benefit plans, banks, insurance companies, dealers in securities or currencies, persons that hold shares as a position in a straddle, conversion transaction, synthetic security or other integrated financial transaction, persons that elect mark-to-market treatment, persons that own, directly or indirectly, ten percent or more of our voting stock and persons whose “functional currency” is not the U.S. dollar. The summary is based on laws, treaties and regulatory interpretations in effect on the date hereof, all of which are subject to change.
Shareholders should consult their own advisors regarding the tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of shares in light of their particular circumstances, including the effect of any state, local, or other national laws.
Taxation of Dividends
Changes in German tax law affect the tax treatment of dividends that we pay beginning in 2002. Dividends that we pay in 2002 and thereafter will be subject to German withholding tax at an aggregate rate of 21.1% (consisting of a 20% withholding tax and a 1.1% surcharge). Under the Treaty, you will be entitled to receive a refund from the German tax authorities of 6.1 in respect of a declared dividend of 100. For example, for a declared dividend of 100, you initially will receive 78.9, may claim a refund from the German tax authorities of 6.1 and, therefore, receive a total cash payment of 85 (i.e., 85% of the declared dividend). For U.S. tax purposes, you will be deemed to have received total dividends of 100.
The German rules provide that a dividend received by corporations, and half of the dividend received by individuals, will be exempt from German tax. Beginning in 2004, 5% of such dividends received by corporations from both domestic and foreign shareholdings is treated as non-deductible expense for corporation tax purposes. These rules apply regardless of whether a shareholder is a tax resident of Germany or a nonresident, if the shares form part of the assets of a permanent establishment or fixed base that the nonresident maintains in Germany. In any event, German withholding tax will be levied on the full amount of the cash dividend paid to you as described above.
The gross amount of dividends that you receive (including amounts withheld in respect of German withholding tax) generally will be subject to U.S. federal income taxation as foreign source dividend income, and will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction generally allowed to U.S. corporations. German withholding tax at the 15% rate provided under the Treaty will be treated as a foreign income tax that, subject to generally applicable limitations under U.S. tax law, is eligible for credit against your U.S. federal income tax liability or, at your election, may be deducted in computing taxable income. Thus, for a declared dividend of 100, you will be deemed to have paid German taxes of 15. You cannot claim credits for German taxes that would have been refunded to you if you had filed a claim for refund. Foreign tax credits will not be allowed for withholding taxes imposed in respect of certain short-term or hedged positions in securities. U.S. tax authorities have indicated an intention to use existing law and to issue new regulations to limit the creditability of foreign withholding taxes in certain situations, including where the burden of foreign taxes is separated inappropriately from the related foreign income. You should consult your tax advisor if you have questions about whether such rules may affect your ability to utilize foreign tax credits.
Subject to certain exceptions our dividends received by an individual before January 1, 2009 will be subject to U.S taxation at a maximum rate of 15%. This lower rate applies to our dividends only if the shares in respect of which such dividend is paid have been held by you for at least 61 days during the
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121 day period beginning 60 days before the ex-dividend date. Periods during which you hedge a position in your shares or related property may not count for purposes of the holding period test. Our dividends also would not be eligible for the lower rate if you elect to take the dividends into account as investment income for purposes of limitations on deductions for investment interest. You should consult your own tax advisor regarding the availability of the reduced dividend rate in light of your own particular circumstances.
If you receive a dividend paid in euros, you will recognize income in a U.S. dollar amount calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the date of receipt, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S. dollars. If dividends are converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt, you generally should not be required to recognize foreign currency gain or loss in respect of the dividend income. You may be required to recognize foreign currency gain or loss on the receipt of a refund in respect of German withholding tax (but not with respect to the portion of the Treaty refund that is treated as an additional dividend) to the extent the U.S. dollar value of the refund differs from the U.S. dollar equivalent of that amount on the date of receipt of the underlying dividend.
Refund Procedures
To claim the refund you must submit (either directly or, as described below, through the Depository Trust Company), within four years from the end of the calendar year in which the dividend is received, a claim for refund to the German tax authorities together with the original bank voucher (or certified copy thereof) issued by the paying entity documenting the tax withheld. Claims for refunds are made on a special German claim for refund form, which must be filed with the German tax authorities: Bundesamt für Finanzen, 53221 Bonn-Beuel, Germany. The German claim for refund forms may be obtained from the German tax authorities at the same address where the applications are filed, from the Embassy of the Federal Republic of Germany, 4645 Reservoir Road, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20007-1998 or from the Office of International Operations, Internal Revenue Service, 1325 K Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20225, Attention: Taxpayer Service Division, Room 900 or can be downloaded from the homepage of the Bundesamt für Finanzen (www.bff-online.de).
You must also submit to the German tax authorities a certification (on IRS Form 6166) with respect to your last filed U.S. federal income tax return. The certification may be obtained from the office of the Director of the Internal Revenue Service Center by filing a request for certification with the Internal Revenue Service, Philadelphia Service Center U.S Residency Certification Request, P.O. Box 16347, Philadelphia, PA 19114-0447. Requests for certification are to be made in writing or by faxing your request and must include your name, social security number or employer identification number, tax return form number, the address where the certification should be sent, the name of the country requesting the certification (Germany), and the tax year being certified. Generally, the tax year being certified would most likely reflect the period of your last filed tax return. If you desire a “current year” Form 6166, your Form 6166 request must include a penalties of perjury statement, which has been signed by you in the current year under penalties of perjury, certifying that 1) you are a resident of the United States currently, and 2) you will continue to be a resident of the United States for the remainder of the current, taxable year. For the purpose of requesting IRS Form 6166 you must use IRS Form 8802. Requests for certification can include a request to the Internal Revenue Service to send the certification directly to the German tax authorities. This certification is valid for three years.
A simplified refund procedure is available if you hold your shares through banks and brokers participating in the Depository Trust Company. These arrangements have been made on a trial basis and may be amended or revoked at any time in the future. If your bank or broker elects to participate in the simplified procedure, the Depository Trust Company will perform administrative functions necessary to claim the Treaty refund for you. In this case, your broker will report to the Depository Trust Company the number of shares that you hold together with the number of shares held by other holders that are also eligible to claim Treaty refunds. The Depository Trust Company will then prepare and file a combined claim for refund with the German tax authorities. The combined claim need not include evidence of your entitlement to Treaty benefits.
Under audit procedures that apply for up to four years, the German tax authorities may require banks and brokers to provide evidence regarding the entitlement of their clients to Treaty benefits. In
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the event of such an audit, brokers must submit to the German tax authorities a list containing names and addresses of the relevant holders of shares, and the official certification on IRS Form 6166 with respect to the last filed United States federal income tax return of those holders. Banks and brokers participating in the Depository Trust Company arrangements may require you to provide documentation evidencing your eligibility for Treaty benefits prior to any audit.
The German tax authorities will issue refunds denominated in euros. In the case of shares held through banks or brokers participating in the Depository Trust Company, the refunds will be issued to the Depository Trust Company, which will convert the refunds to U.S. dollars. The resulting amounts will be paid to banks or brokers for the account of holders.
If you hold your shares through a bank or broker who participates in the Depositary Trust Company that elects to participate in the simplified refund procedure, it could take at least three weeks for you to receive a refund after a combined claim for refund has been filed with the German tax authorities. If you file a claim for refund directly with the German tax authorities, it could take at least eight months for you to receive a refund. The length of time between filing a claim for refund and your receipt of that refund is uncertain and we can give you no assurances as to when you will receive the refund.
Taxation of Capital Gains
Under the Treaty, you will not be subject to German capital gains tax in respect of a sale or other disposition of shares. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, gain or loss realized by you on the sale or disposition of shares will be capital gain or loss, and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the shares were held for more than one year. The net amount of long-term capital gain realized by an individual generally is subject to taxation at a current maximum rate of 15% under recently enacted legislation. Any such gain generally would be treated as income arising from sources within the United States; any such loss would generally be allocated against U.S. source income. Your ability to offset capital losses against ordinary income is subject to limitations.
German Gift and Inheritance Taxes
Under the current estate, inheritance and gift tax treaty between the United States and Germany (the “Estate Tax Treaty”), a transfer of shares generally will not be subject to German gift or inheritance tax so long as the donor or decedent, and the heir, donee or other beneficiary, was not domiciled in Germany for purposes of the Estate Tax Treaty at the time the gift was made, or at the time of the decedent’s death, and the shares were not held in connection with a permanent establishment or fixed base in Germany.
The Estate Tax Treaty provides a credit against U.S. federal estate and gift tax liability for the amount of inheritance and gift tax paid in Germany, subject to certain limitations, in a case where shares are subject to German inheritance or gift tax and United States federal estate or gift tax.
Other German Taxes
There are presently no German net wealth, transfer, stamp or other similar taxes that would apply to you as a result of the receipt, purchase, ownership or sale of shares.
United States Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
Dividends and payments of the proceeds on a sale of shares, paid within the United States or through certain U.S.-related financial intermediaries are subject to information reporting and may be subject to backup withholding unless you (1) are a corporation or other exempt recipient or (2) provide a taxpayer identification number and certify (on IRS Form W-9) that no loss of exemption from backup withholding has occurred.
Shareholders that are not U.S. persons generally are not subject to information reporting or backup withholding. However, a non-U.S. person may be required to provide a certification (generally on IRS Form W-8BEN) of its non-U.S. status in connection with payments received in the United States or through a U.S.-related financial intermediary.
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Dividends and Paying Agents
Not required because this document is filed as an annual report.
Statement by Experts
Not required because this document is filed as an annual report.
Documents on Display
We are subject to the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. In accordance with these requirements, we file reports and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission. You may inspect and copy these materials, including this document and its exhibits, at the Commission’s Public Reference Room at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549 and at the Commission’s regional offices at 175 W. Jackson Boulevard, Suite 900, Chicago, Illinois 60604, and at 233 Broadway, New York, New York, 10279. You may obtain copies of the materials from the Public Reference Room of the Commission at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Room 1024, Washington, D.C. 20549 at prescribed rates. You may obtain information on the operation of the Commission’s Public Reference Room by calling the Commission in the United States at 1-800-SEC-0330. Our Securities and Exchange Commission filings made after November 4, 2002 are also available over the Internet at the Securities and Exchange Commission’s website at http://www.sec.gov. In addition, you may visit the offices of the New York Stock Exchange at 20 Broad Street, New York, New York 10005 to inspect material filed by us.
Our shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange, which requires us, as a non-U.S. listed company, to publish a description of the significant ways in which our corporate governance practices differ from those followed by U.S. domestic listed companies under its listing standards. Our description of such differences is available on our Internet website at http://www.deutsche-bank.com/corporate-governance.
Subsidiary Information
Not applicable.
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Item 11: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Credit, Market and Other Risk
Risk Management
The wide variety of our businesses requires us to identify, measure, aggregate and manage our risks effectively, and to allocate our capital among our businesses appropriately. We manage risk through a framework of risk principles, organizational structures and risk measurement and monitoring processes that are closely aligned with the activities of our Group Divisions.
Risk Management Principles
The following key principles underpin our approach to risk management:
– | | Our Board of Managing Directors provides overall risk management supervision for our consolidated Group as a whole. Our Supervisory Board regularly monitors our risk profile. |
– | | We manage credit, market, liquidity, operational and business risks in a coordinated manner at all relevant levels within our organization. |
– | | The structure of our risk management function is closely aligned with the structure of our Group Divisions. |
– | | The risk management function is independent of our Group Divisions. |
Risk Management Organization
Our Group Chief Risk Officer, who is a member of our Board of Managing Directors, is responsible for our credit, market, operational and business risk management activities within our consolidated Group. The Group Chief Risk Officer chairs our Group Risk Committee, which is responsible for planning, management and control of the aforementioned risks across our consolidated Group.
The Group Risk Committee has delegated some of its tasks to sub-committees, the most significant being the Group Credit Policy Committee. Among others it reviews credit policies, industry reports and country risk limit applications throughout the Group.
For each of our Group Divisions, risk management units are established with the mandate to:
– | | Ensure that the business conducted within each division is consistent with the risk appetite the Group Risk Committee has set; |
– | | Formulate and implement risk policies, procedures and methodologies that are appropriate to the businesses within each division; |
– | | Approve credit risk and market risk limits; |
– | | Conduct periodic portfolio reviews to ensure that the portfolio of risks is within acceptable parameters; and |
– | | Develop and implement risk management infrastructures and systems that are appropriate for each division. |
Group Treasury is responsible for the management of liquidity risk. Our liquidity risk status as well as policies relating to the identification, measurement and management of liquidity risk are reviewed on a regular basis by our Group Asset and Liability Committee, which is chaired by the Board Member responsible for Treasury.
Our controlling, audit and legal departments support our risk management function. They operate independently both of the Group Divisions and of the risk management function. The role of the controlling department is to quantify the risk we assume and ensure the quality and integrity of our risk-related data. Our audit department reviews the compliance of our internal control procedures with internal and regulatory standards. Our legal department provides legal advice and support on topics including collateral arrangements and netting.
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Categories of Risk
The most important risks we assume are specific banking risks and risks arising from the general business environment.
Specific Banking Risks
Our risk management processes distinguish among four kinds of specific banking risks: credit risk, market risk, liquidity risk and operational risk.
– | | Credit riskarises from all transactions that give rise to actual, contingent or potential claims against any counterparty, obligor or borrower (which we refer to collectively as “counterparties”). This is the largest single risk we face. We distinguish among three kinds of credit risk: |
| – | | Default riskis the risk that counterparties fail to meet contractual payment obligations. |
| – | | Country riskis the risk that we may suffer a loss, in any given country, due to any of the following reasons: a possible deterioration of economic conditions, political and social upheaval, nationalization and expropriation of assets, government repudiation of indebtedness, exchange controls and disruptive currency depreciation or devaluation. Country Risk includes transfer risk which arises when debtors are unable to meet their obligations owing to an inability to transfer assets to non-residents due to direct sovereign intervention. |
| – | | Settlement riskis the risk that the settlement or clearance of transactions will fail. It arises whenever the exchange of cash, securities and/or other assets is not simultaneous. |
– | | Market riskarises from the uncertainty concerning changes in market prices and rates (including interest rates, equity prices, foreign exchange rates and commodity prices), the correlations among them and their levels of volatility. |
– | | Liquidity riskis the risk arising from our potential inability to meet all payment obligations when they come due. |
– | | Operational riskis the potential for incurring losses in relation to employees, project management, contractual specifications and documentation, technology, infrastructure failure and disasters, external influences and customer relationships. This definition includes legal and regulatory risk, but excludes business risk. |
Business Risk
Business risk describes the risk we assume due to potential changes in general business conditions, such as our market environment, client behavior and technological progress. This can affect our earnings if we fail to adjust quickly to these changing conditions.
Insurance Specific Risk
We are not engaged in any activities that result in insurance specific risk material to the Group.
Risk Management Tools
We use a comprehensive range of quantitative tools and metrics for monitoring and managing risks. Some of these tools are common to a number of risk categories, while others are tailored to the particular features of specific risk categories.
As a matter of policy, we continually assess the appropriateness and the reliability of our quantitative tools and metrics in light of our changing risk environment. The following are the most important quantitative tools and metrics we currently use to measure, manage and report our risk:
– | | Expected Loss.We use expected loss as a measure of the default, transfer, and settlement risk elements of our credit risk. Expected loss is a measurement of the loss we can expect within a one-year period on our credit exposure, based on our historical loss experience. When calculating expected loss, we take into account credit risk ratings, collateral, maturities and statistical averaging procedures to reflect the risk characteristics of our different types of exposures and facilities. All parameter assumptions are based on statistical averages of our internal default and loss history as well as external benchmarks. We use expected loss as a tool of our risk management process and as part of our management reporting systems. We also use the applicable results of the expected loss calculations when establishing the other inherent loss allowance included in our financial |
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| | statements. Applicable results in this context are those that are used to estimate losses inherent in loans and contingent liabilities that are not already considered in the specific loss component of our allowance or our allowance for smaller-balance standardized homogeneous loans. |
– | | Economic Capital.Economic capital measures the amount of capital we need to absorb very severe unexpected losses arising from our exposures. “Very severe” in this context means that economic capital is set at a level to cover with a probability of 99.98% the aggregated unexpected losses within one year. We calculate economic capital for the default risk, transfer risk and settlement risk elements of credit risk, for market risk, for operational risk and for general business risk. We use economic capital to show an aggregated view of our risk position from individual business lines up to our consolidated Group level. We also use economic capital (as well as goodwill and other non-amortizing intangibles) in order to allocate our book capital among our businesses. This enables us to assess each business unit’s risk-adjusted profitability, which is a key metric in managing our financial resources in order to optimize the value generated for our shareholders. In addition, we consider economic capital, in particular for credit risk, when we measure the risk-adjusted profitability of our client relationships. |
– | | Value-at-Risk.We use the value-at-risk approach to derive quantitative measures for our trading book market risks under normal market conditions. Our value-at-risk figures play a role in both internal and external (regulatory) reporting. For a given portfolio, value-at-risk measures the potential future loss (in terms of market value) that, under normal market conditions, will not be exceeded with a defined confidence level in a defined period. The value-at-risk for a total portfolio represents a measure of our diversified market risk (aggregated using pre-determined correlations) in that portfolio. |
– | | Stress Testing.We supplement our analysis of market risk with stress testing. We perform stress tests because value-at-risk calculations are based on relatively recent historical data and only purport to estimate risk up to a defined confidence level. Therefore, they only reflect possible losses under relatively normal market conditions. Stress tests help us determine the effects of potentially extreme market developments on the value of our market risk sensitive exposures. We use stress testing to determine the amount of economic capital we need to allocate to cover our market risk exposure under extreme market conditions. |
– | | Regulatory Risk Reporting.German banking regulators assess our capacity to assume risk in several ways, which are described in more detail in “Item 4: Information on the Company – Regulation and Supervision” and Note [22] of the consolidated financial statements. |
Credit Risk
Credit risk makes up the largest part of our risk exposures. We measure and manage our credit risk following the below principles:
– | | In all our Group Divisions consistent standards are applied in the respective credit decision processes. |
– | | The approval of credit limits for counterparties and the management of our individual credit exposures must fit within our portfolio guidelines and our credit strategies, and each decision also involves a risk-versus-return analysis. |
– | | Every extension of credit or material change to a credit facility (such as its tenor, collateral structure or major covenants) to any counterparty requires credit approval at the appropriate authority level. |
– | | We assign credit approval authorities to individuals according to their qualifications, experience and training, and we review these periodically. |
– | | We measure and consolidate all our credit exposures to each obligor on a global consolidated basis that applies across our consolidated Group. We define an “obligor” as a group of individual borrowers that are linked to one another by any of a number of criteria we have established, including capital ownership, voting rights, demonstrable control, other indication of group affiliation; or are jointly and severally liable for all or significant portions of the credit we have extended. |
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Credit Risk Ratings
A primary element of the credit approval process is a detailed risk assessment of every credit exposure associated with an obligor. Our risk assessment procedures consider both the creditworthiness of the counterparty and the risks related to the specific type of credit facility or exposure. This risk assessment not only affects the structuring of the transaction and the outcome of the credit decision, but also influences the level of decision-making authority required to extend or materially change the credit and the monitoring procedures we apply to the ongoing exposure.
We have our own in-house assessment methodologies, scorecards and rating scale for evaluating the creditworthiness of our counterparties. Our granular 26-grade rating scale, which is calibrated on a probability of default measure based upon a statistical analysis of historical defaults in our portfolio, enables us to compare our internal ratings with common market practice and ensures comparability between different sub-portfolios of our institution. While we generally rate all our credit exposures individually, at times we rely on rating averages for measuring risk. When we assign our internal risk ratings, we compare them with external risk ratings assigned to our counterparties by the major international rating agencies, where possible.
Credit Limits
Credit limits set forth maximum credit exposures we are willing to assume over specified periods. They relate to products, conditions of the exposure and other factors. Our credit policies also establish special procedures (including lower approval thresholds and more senior approval personnel) for exceptional cases when we may assume exposures beyond established limits. These exceptions provide a degree of flexibility for unusual business opportunities, new market trends and other similar factors.
Monitoring Default Risk
We monitor all of our credit exposures on a continuing basis using the risk management tools described above. We also have procedures in place to identify at an early stage credit exposures for which there may be an increased risk of loss. Counterparties, that, on the basis of the application of our risk management tools, demonstrate the likelihood of problems, are identified well in advance so that we can effectively manage the credit exposure and maximize the recovery. The objective of this early warning system is to address potential problems while adequate alternatives for action are still available. This early risk detection is a tenet of our credit culture and is intended to ensure that greater attention is paid to such exposures. In instances where we have identified customers where problems might arise, the respective exposure is placed on a watchlist.
Loan Exposure Management Group
In 2003, we significantly modified our approach to managing risk in the corporate loan book within the Corporate and Investment Bank Group Division by creating the Loan Exposure Management Group (LEMG). As part of our overall framework of risk management, LEMG has assisted in managing credit risk within the investment-grade loan portfolio for all loans and lending-related commitments with an original maturity greater than 180 days (excluding medium-sized German companies). During 2004, this approach was extended to include loans and lending-related commitments to medium-sized investment- and noninvestment-grade German companies with an original maturity of greater than 360 days but excluding any legacy business.
Acting as a central pricing reference, LEMG provides the respective Corporate and Investment Bank Group Division businesses with an observed or derived capital market rate for loan applications; however, the decision of whether or not the business can enter into the loan remains with Credit Risk Management.
LEMG is concentrating on two primary initiatives within the new credit risk framework to further enhance risk management discipline, improve returns and use capital more efficiently:
– | | to reduce single-name and industry credit risk concentrations within the loan portfolio, and |
– | | to manage credit exposures actively by utilizing techniques including loan sales, securitization via collateralized loan obligations, and single-name and portfolio credit default swaps. |
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LEMG’s risk reduction activities are of increasing significance. As of year-end 2004, LEMG held credit derivatives including those embedded in credit linked notes with an underlying notional of€ 18.5 billion. This position totaled€ 14.0 billion as of December 31, 2003.
The credit derivatives used for our portfolio management activities are accounted for at fair value and do not qualify for hedge accounting under SFAS 133.
LEMG also mitigated the credit risk of€ 7.2 billion of loans and lending commitments as of December 31, 2004 by synthetic collateralized loan obligations for which the first loss piece has been sold. This represents an increase of 125% compared to December 31, 2003, when€ 3.2 billion of loans and lending commitments were included in synthetic collateralized loan obligations. Credit mitigation by way of synthetic collateralized loan obligations supported by financial guarantee contracts is especially important as it not only addresses the credit risk of the underlying positions but also eliminates the accounting asymmetry issue between the lending positions and credit default swaps, and allows us to manage the risk of illiquid positions.
Credit Exposure
We define our credit exposure as all transactions where losses might occur due to the fact that counterparties may not fulfill their contractual payment obligations. We calculate the gross amount of the exposure without taking into account any collateral, other credit enhancement or credit risk mitigating transactions. In the tables below, we show details about our main credit exposures categories, namely loans, contingent liabilities, over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives and tradable assets:
– | | “Loans” are net loans as reported on our balance sheet but before deduction of our allowance for loan losses. |
– | | “Contingent Liabilities” consist of financial and performance guarantees, standby letters of credit and indemnity agreements. |
– | | “OTC Derivatives” are our credit exposures from over-the-counter derivative transactions that we have entered into. On our balance sheet, these are included in trading assets and, for derivatives entered into for nontrading purposes, in other assets. |
– | | “Tradable Assets” include bonds, loans and other fixed-income products that are in our trading assets as well as in securities available for sale. |
Although we consider them in monitoring our credit exposures, the following are not included in the tables below: cash and due from banks, interest-earnings deposits with banks, and accrued interest receivables amounting to€ 29.5 billion at December 31, 2004 and€ 29.4 billion at December 31, 2003; forward committed repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements of€ 99.7 billion at December 31, 2004 and€ 62.8 billion at December 31, 2003; and lending-related commitments of€ 105.2 billion at December 31, 2004 and€ 88.9 billion at December 31, 2003. At December 31, 2004, 86% of our lending-related commitments were extended to counterparties rated at the equivalent of investment-grade debt ratings from the major international rating agencies.
The following table breaks down our main credit exposure categories by geographical region. For this table, we have allocated exposures to regions based on the country of domicile of our counterparties, irrespective of any affiliations the counterparties may have with corporate groups domiciled elsewhere.
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Credit risk profile by | | | Loans | | | | Contingent liabilities | | | | OTC derivatives | | | | Tradable assets | | | | Total | | |
| region | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Dec 31, | | | | Dec 31, | | | | Dec 31, | | | | Dec 31, | | | | Dec 31, | | | | Dec 31, | | | | Dec 31, | | | | Dec 31, | | | | Dec 31, | | | | Dec 31, | | |
| in€ m. | | | 2004 | | | | 2003 | | | | 2004 | | | | 2003 | | | | 2004 | | | | 2003 | | | | 2004 | | | | 2003 | | | | 2004 | | | | 2003 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Eastern Europe | | | | 1,568 | | | | | 1,372 | | | | | 418 | | | | | 491 | | | | | 607 | | | | | 588 | | | | | 3,282 | | | | | 2,840 | | | | | 5,875 | | | | | 5,291 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Western Europe | | | | 112,139 | | | | | 120,136 | | | | | 18,840 | | | | | 16,283 | | | | | 36,486 | | | | | 35,428 | | | | | 88,450 | | | | | 87,969 | | | | | 255,915 | | | | | 259,816 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Africa | | | | 288 | | | | | 395 | | | | | 168 | | | | | 192 | | | | | 300 | | | | | 224 | | | | | 1,000 | | | | | 1,086 | | | | | 1,756 | | | | | 1,897 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Asia-Pacific | | | | 8,258 | | | | | 7,176 | | | | | 2,656 | | | | | 2,624 | | | | | 6,892 | | | | | 7,072 | | | | | 57,680 | | | | | 36,019 | | | | | 75,486 | | | | | 52,891 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| North America | | | | 14,911 | | | | | 17,038 | | | | | 7,469 | | | | | 6,752 | | | | | 15,820 | | | | | 15,495 | | | | | 87,749 | | | | | 94,632 | | | | | 125,949 | | | | | 133,917 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Central and South America | | | | 1,522 | | | | | 2,075 | | | | | 326 | | | | | 195 | | | | | 688 | | | | | 571 | | | | | 4,607 | | | | | 3,850 | | | | | 7,143 | | | | | 6,691 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Other1 | | | | 3 | | | | | 35 | | | | | 18 | | | | | – | | | | | 874 | | | | | 1,093 | | | | | 2,258 | | | | | 2,073 | | | | | 3,153 | | | | | 3,201 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total | | | | 138,689 | | | | | 148,227 | | | | | 29,895 | | | | | 26,537 | | | | | 61,667 | | | | | 60,471 | | | | | 245,026 | | | | | 228,469 | | | | | 475,277 | | | | | 463,704 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
1 | | Includes supranational organizations and other exposures that we have not allocated to a single region. |
The following table breaks down our main credit exposure categories according to the industry sectors of our counterparties.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Credit risk profile by | | | Loans | | | | Contingent liabilities | | | | OTC derivatives | | | | Tradable assets | | | | Total | | |
| industry sector | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Dec 31, | | | | Dec 31, | | | | Dec 31, | | | | Dec 31, | | | | Dec 31, | | | | Dec 31, | | | | Dec 31, | | | | Dec 31, | | | | Dec 31, | | | | Dec 31, | | |
| in€ m. | | | 2004 | | | | 2003 | | | | 2004 | | | | 2003 | | | | 2004 | | | | 2003 | | | | 2004 | | | | 2003 | | | | 2004 | | | | 2003 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Banks and insurance | | | | 7,787 | | | | | 10,521 | | | | | 4,921 | | | | | 4,990 | | | | | 44,450 | | | | | 46,597 | | | | | 51,406 | | | | | 62,480 | | | | | 108,564 | | | | | 124,588 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Manufacturing | | | | 13,270 | | | | | 16,155 | | | | | 8,028 | | | | | 7,834 | | | | | 1,837 | | | | | 1,997 | | | | | 15,919 | | | | | 18,241 | | | | | 39,054 | | | | | 44,227 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Households | | | | 57,076 | | | | | 54,937 | | | | | 1,372 | | | | | 862 | | | | | 285 | | | | | 357 | | | | | – | | | | | – | | | | | 58,733 | | | | | 56,156 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Public sector | | | | 3,278 | | | | | 2,309 | | | | | 1,630 | | | | | 377 | | | | | 5,838 | | | | | 3,984 | | | | | 140,614 | | | | | 104,648 | | | | | 151,360 | | | | | 111,318 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Wholesale and retail trade | | | | 10,288 | | | | | 11,824 | | | | | 2,274 | | | | | 2,454 | | | | | 684 | | | | | 691 | | | | | 3,062 | | | | | 3,589 | | | | | 16,308 | | | | | 18,558 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Commercial real estate activities | | | | 14,102 | | | | | 13,606 | | | | | 313 | | | | | 722 | | | | | 763 | | | | | 300 | | | | | 1,755 | | | | | 1,447 | | | | | 16,933 | | | | | 16,075 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Other | | | | 32,888 | 1 | | | | 38,875 | 1 | | | | 11,357 | | | | | 9,298 | | | | | 7,810 | | | | | 6,545 | | | | | 32,270 | | | | | 38,064 | | | | | 84,325 | | | | | 92,782 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total | | | | 138,689 | | | | | 148,227 | | | | | 29,895 | | | | | 26,537 | | | | | 61,667 | | | | | 60,471 | | | | | 245,026 | | | | | 228,469 | | | | | 475,277 | | | | | 463,704 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
1 | | Includes lease financing. |
We also classify our credit exposure under two broad headings: corporate credit exposure and consumer credit exposure.
– | | Our corporate credit exposure consists of all exposures not defined as consumer credit exposure. |
– | | Our consumer credit exposure consists of our smaller-balance standardized homogeneous loans, primarily in Germany, Italy and Spain, which include personal loans, residential and nonresidential mortgage loans, overdrafts and loans to self-employed and small business customers of our private and retail business. |
Corporate Credit Exposure
The following table breaks down our main corporate credit exposure categories according to the creditworthiness categories of our counterparties.
This table illustrates the continued reduction in our corporate loan book, which mainly took place in Germany and, to a lesser extent, in the U.S., as well as a general improvement in the credit quality of our lending-related credit exposures. The change in the creditworthiness of our corporate loan book in 2004 compared to 2003 is primarily a consequence of our enhanced credit discipline and the improved credit environment witnessed throughout the year. This is evidenced by the portion of our corporate loan book carrying an investment-grade rating increasing from 58% at December 31, 2003 to 60% at December 31, 2004 with a corresponding reduction in the portion of our corporate loan book being classified as sub-investment grade.
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| | |
| Creditworthiness | | | Loans | | | | Contingent liabilities | | | | OTC derivatives | | | | Tradable assets | | | Total | | |
| category | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Dec 31, | | | Dec 31, | | | | Dec 31, | | | Dec 31, | | | | Dec 31, | | | Dec 31, | | | | Dec 31, | | | | Dec 31, | | | Dec 31, | | | Dec 31, | | |
| in€ m. | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | | 2004 | | | | 2003 | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| AAA–AA | | | | 12,363 | | | | 12,167 | | | | | 3,209 | | | | 2,992 | | | | | 27,885 | | | | 27,014 | | | | | 133,839 | | | | | 126,010 | | | | 177,296 | | | | 168,183 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| A | | | | 10,852 | | | | 13,871 | | | | | 8,045 | | | | 5,627 | | | | | 18,194 | | | | 17,195 | | | | | 32,217 | | | | | 33,383 | | | | 69,308 | | | | 70,076 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| BBB | | | | 22,794 | | | | 26,265 | | | | | 10,242 | | | | 7,886 | | | | | 10,087 | | | | 11,750 | | | | | 38,264 | | | | | 32,676 | | | | 81,387 | | | | 78,577 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| BB | | | | 21,375 | | | | 25,292 | | | | | 6,058 | | | | 6,573 | | | | | 4,675 | | | | 3,784 | | | | | 28,436 | | | | | 23,417 | | | | 60,544 | | | | 59,066 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| B | | | | 4,778 | | | | 5,749 | | | | | 1,707 | | | | 1,799 | | | | | 649 | | | | 621 | | | | | 8,830 | | | | | 6,756 | | | | 15,964 | | | | 14,925 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| CCC and below | | | | 4,107 | | | | 6,947 | | | | | 634 | | | | 1,660 | | | | | 177 | | | | 107 | | | | | 3,440 | | | | | 6,227 | | | | 8,358 | | | | 14,941 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total | | | | 76,269 | | | | 90,291 | | | | | 29,895 | | | | 26,537 | | | | | 61,667 | | | | 60,471 | | | | | 245,026 | | | | | 228,469 | | | | 412,857 | | | | 405,768 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Consumer Credit Exposure
The table below presents our total consumer credit exposure, consumer loan delinquencies in terms of loans that are 90 days or more past due, and net credit costs, which are the net provisions charged during the period, after recoveries. Loans 90 days or more past due and net credit costs are both expressed as a percentage of total exposure.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | | Total exposure | | | | 90 days or more past due | | | | Net credit costs | | |
| | | | (in€ m.) | | | | as a % of total exposure | | | | as a % of total exposure | | |
| | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | | Dec 31, 2003 | | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | | Dec 31, 2003 | | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | | Dec 31, 2003 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Consumer credit exposure Germany | | | | 47,395 | | | | 45,167 | | | | | 2.20% | | | | 2.38% | | | | | 0.42% | | | | 0.53% | | |
| Consumer and small business financing | | | | 10,060 | | | | 10,550 | | | | | 2.48% | | | | 2.54% | | | | | 1.36% | | | | 1.36% | | |
| Mortgage lending | | | | 37,335 | | | | 34,617 | | | | | 2.12% | | | | 2.33% | | | | | 0.17% | | | | 0.28% | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Consumer credit exposure other Europe | | | | 15,025 | | | | 12,769 | | | | | 1.21% | | | | 1.54% | | | | | 0.47% | | | | 0.52% | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total consumer credit exposure | | | | 62,420 | | | | 57,936 | | | | | 1.96% | | | | 2.19% | | | | | 0.43% | | | | 0.53% | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
The volume of our consumer credit exposure rose by€ 4.5 billion, or 7.7%, from 2003 to 2004, driven mainly by the inclusion of DB Bauspar AG in the homogeneous portfolio contributing€ 1.4 billion and the growth of our portfolio in Italy (up by€ 1.4 billion) and Spain (up by€ 0.7 billion). Total net credit costs decreased from 0.53% of our total exposure in 2003 to 0.43% in 2004, driven by better customer performance. In Germany, loans delinquent by 90 days or more decreased from 2.38% to 2.20% reflecting decreased delinquencies in both consumer and small business financing as well as mortgage lending. The lower percentage of delinquent loans in other Europe is mainly a reflection of accelerated charge-offs in Poland and Italy due to refinement of processes and procedures.
Credit Exposure from Derivatives
To reduce our derivatives-related credit risk, we regularly seek the execution of master agreements (such as the International Swap Dealers Association contract for swaps) with our clients. A master agreement allows the offsetting of the obligations arising under all of the derivatives contracts that the agreement covers upon the counterparty’s default, resulting in one single net claim against the counterparty (called “close-out netting”). We also enter into “payment netting” agreements under which we net non-simultaneous settlement of cash flows, reducing our principal risk. We frequently enter into these agreements in our foreign exchange business.
For internal credit exposure measurement purposes, we only apply netting when we believe it is legally enforceable for the relevant jurisdiction and counterparty. Also, we enter into collateral support agreements to reduce our derivatives-related credit risk. These collateral arrangements generally provide risk mitigation through periodic (usually daily) margining of the covered portfolio or transactions and termination of the master agreement if the counterparty fails to honor a collateral call. As with netting, when we believe the collateral agreement is enforceable we reflect this in our exposure measurement.
As the replacement values of our portfolios fluctuate with movements in market rates and with changes in the transactions in the portfolios, we also estimate the potential future replacement costs of
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the portfolios over their lifetimes or, in case of collateralized portfolios, over appropriate unwind periods. We measure our potential future exposure against separate limits, which can be a multiple of the credit limit. We supplement our potential future exposure analysis with stress tests to estimate the immediate impact of extreme market events on our exposures (such as event risk in our Emerging Markets portfolio).
Treatment of Default Situations under Derivatives
Unlike in the case of our standard loan assets, we generally have more options to manage the credit risk in our OTC derivatives when movement in the current replacement costs of the transactions and the behavior of our counterparty indicate that there is the risk that upcoming payment obligations under the transactions might not be honored. In these situations, we are frequently able to obtain additional collateral or terminate the transactions or the related master agreement.
When our decision to terminate transactions or the related master agreement results in a residual net obligation of the counterparty, we restructure the obligation into a nonderivative claim and manage it through our regular workout process. As a consequence, we do not show any nonperforming derivatives.
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The following table shows the notional amounts and gross market values of OTC and exchange-traded derivative contracts we held for trading and nontrading purposes as of December 31, 2004.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Dec. 31, 2004 | | Notional amount maturity distribution | | | Positive market value | | | Negative market value | | | Net market value | | |
| | | Within one | | | > 1 and | | | After five | | | Total | |
| in€ m. | | year | | | < 5 years | | | years | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Interest-rate-related transactions: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| OTC products: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| FRAs | | | 1,142,075 | | | | 66,308 | | | | 1,811 | | | | 1,210,194 | | | | 565 | | | | (884 | ) | | | (319 | ) | |
| Interest rate swaps (single currency) | | | 3,663,495 | | | | 5,141,770 | | | | 3,889,726 | | | | 12,694,991 | | | | 191,570 | | | | (189,289 | ) | | | 2,281 | | |
| Purchased interest rate options | | | 469,424 | | | | 405,518 | | | | 465,565 | | | | 1,340,507 | | | | 25,540 | | | | – | | | | 25,540 | | |
| Written interest rate options | | | 362,540 | | | | 459,100 | | | | 495,247 | | | | 1,316,887 | | | | – | | | | (27,674 | ) | | | (27,674 | ) | |
| Other interest rate trades | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| Exchange-traded products: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest rate futures | | | 461,919 | | | | 4,090 | | | | 23 | | | | 466,032 | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| Purchased interest rate options | | | 56,100 | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 56,100 | | | | 61 | | | | – | | | | 61 | | |
| Written interest rate options | | | 83,692 | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 83,692 | | | | – | | | | (38 | ) | | | (38 | ) | |
| | |
| Sub-total | | | 6,239,245 | | | | 6,076,786 | | | | 4,852,372 | | | | 17,168,403 | | | | 217,736 | | | | (217,885 | ) | | | (149 | ) | |
| | |
| Currency-related transactions: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| OTC products: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Forward exchange trades | | | 413,924 | | | | 24,583 | | | | 2,339 | | | | 440,846 | | | | 7,466 | | | | (9,370 | ) | | | (1,904 | ) | |
| Cross currency swaps | | | 1,361,758 | | | | 264,895 | | | | 151,340 | | | | 1,777,993 | | | | 48,510 | | | | (44,234 | ) | | | 4,276 | | |
| Purchased foreign currency options | | | 355,334 | | | | 32,650 | | | | 4,414 | | | | 392,398 | | | | 9,098 | | | | – | | | | 9,098 | | |
| Written foreign currency options | | | 359,385 | | | | 38,198 | | | | 2,588 | | | | 400,171 | | | | – | | | | (9,001 | ) | | | (9,001 | ) | |
| Exchange-traded products: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Foreign currency futures | | | 6,521 | | | | 5 | | | | – | | | | 6,526 | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| Purchased foreign currency options | | | 907 | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 907 | | | | 20 | | | | – | | | | 20 | | |
| Written foreign currency options | | | 994 | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 994 | | | | – | | | | (16 | ) | | | (16 | ) | |
| | |
| Sub-total | | | 2,498,823 | | | | 360,331 | | | | 160,681 | | | | 3,019,835 | | | | 65,094 | | | | (62,621 | ) | | | 2,473 | | |
| | |
| Equity/index-related transactions: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| OTC products: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Equity forward | | | 77 | | | | 13 | | | | – | | | | 90 | | | | – | | | | (20 | ) | | | (20 | ) | |
| Equity/index swaps | | | 50,538 | | | | 38,652 | | | | 4,881 | | | | 94,071 | | | | 2,812 | | | | (3,841 | ) | | | (1,029 | ) | |
| Purchased equity/index options | | | 56,387 | | | | 81,177 | | | | 6,998 | | | | 144,562 | | | | 13,104 | | | | – | | | | 13,104 | | |
| Written equity/index options | | | 58,335 | | | | 89,942 | | | | 12,028 | | | | 160,305 | | | | – | | | | (14,850 | ) | | | (14,850 | ) | |
| Exchange-traded products: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Equity/index futures | | | 39,040 | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 39,040 | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| Equity/index purchased options | | | 51,516 | | | | 29,310 | | | | 2,065 | | | | 82,891 | | | | 5,358 | | | | – | | | | 5,358 | | |
| Equity/index written options | | | 49,203 | | | | 30,764 | | | | 4,398 | | | | 84,365 | | | | – | | | | (5,398 | ) | | | (5,398 | ) | |
| | |
| Sub-total | | | 305,096 | | | | 269,858 | | | | 30,370 | | | | 605,324 | | | | 21,274 | | | | (24,109 | ) | | | (2,835 | ) | |
| | |
| Credit derivatives | | | 35,501 | | | | 400,964 | | | | 111,455 | | | | 547,920 | | | | 10,036 | | | | (15,260 | ) | | | (5,224 | ) | |
| | |
| Other transactions: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| OTC products: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Precious metal trades | | | 22,499 | | | | 22,772 | | | | 4,017 | | | | 49,288 | | | | 2,743 | | | | (1,613 | ) | | | 1,130 | | |
| Other trades | | | 72,627 | | | | 57,171 | | | | 1,555 | | | | 131,353 | | | | 7,653 | | | | (6,794 | ) | | | 859 | | |
| Exchange-traded products: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Futures | | | 8,801 | | | | 112 | | | �� | 8 | | | | 8,921 | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| Purchased options | | | 4,830 | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 4,830 | | | | 381 | | | | – | | | | 381 | | |
| Written options | | | 5,279 | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 5,279 | | | | – | | | | (383 | ) | | | (383 | ) | |
| | |
| Sub-total | | | 114,036 | | | | 80,055 | | | | 5,580 | | | | 199,671 | | | | 10,777 | | | | (8,790 | ) | | | 1,987 | | |
| | |
| Total OTC business | | | 8,423,899 | | | | 7,123,713 | | | | 5,153,964 | | | | 20,701,576 | | | | 319,097 | | | | (322,830 | ) | | | (3,733 | ) | |
| | |
| Total exchange-traded business | | | 768,802 | | | | 64,281 | | | | 6,494 | | | | 839,577 | | | | 5,820 | | | | (5,835 | ) | | | (15 | ) | |
| | |
| Total | | | 9,192,701 | | | | 7,187,994 | | | | 5,160,458 | | | | 21,541,153 | | | | 324,917 | | | | (328,665 | ) | | | (3,748 | ) | |
| | |
| Positive market values after netting agreements | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 67,486 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
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Country Risk
We manage country risk through a number of risk measures and limits, the most important being:
– | | Total Counterparty Exposure.All credit extended and OTC derivatives exposure to counterparties domiciled in a given country that we view as being at risk due to economic or political events (“country risk event”). It includes non-guaranteed subsidiaries of foreign entities and offshore subsidiaries of local clients. |
– | | Transfer Risk Exposure.Credit risk arising where an otherwise solvent and willing debtor is unable to meet its obligations due to the imposition of governmental or regulatory controls restricting its ability either to obtain foreign exchange or to transfer assets to nonresidents (a “transfer risk event”). It includes all of our credit extended and OTC derivatives exposure from one of our offices in one country to a counterparty in a different country. |
– | | Highly-Stressed Event Risk Scenarios.We use stress testing to measure potential market risk on our trading positions and view these as market risks. |
Country Risk Ratings
Our country risk ratings represent a key tool in our management of country risk. They are established by an independent country risk research function within our Credit Risk Management function and include:
– | | Sovereign Rating.An estimate of the probability of the sovereign defaulting on its foreign or local currency obligations, respectively. |
– | | Transfer Risk Rating.An estimate of the probability of a “transfer risk event” (usually as part of a country risk event). |
– | | Event Risk Rating.For further details see “Market Risk” below. |
All sovereign and transfer risk ratings are reviewed, at least annually, by the Group Credit Policy Committee. Our country risk research group also reviews, at least quarterly, our ratings for the major Emerging Markets countries. Ratings for countries that we view as particularly volatile, as well as all event risk ratings, are subject to continuous review.
We also regularly compare our internal risk ratings with the ratings of the major international rating agencies.
Country Risk Limits
We manage our exposure to country risk through a framework of limits. The bank specifically limits and monitors its exposure to Emerging Markets. For this purpose, Emerging Markets are defined as including all countries in Latin America (including the Caribbean), Asia (excluding Japan), Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Africa. Limits are reviewed at least annually, in conjunction with the review of country risk ratings. Country limits are set by either our Board of Managing Directors or by our Group Credit Policy Committee, pursuant to delegated authority.
Monitoring Country Risk
We charge our Group Divisions with the responsibility of managing their country risk within the approved limits. The regional units within Credit Risk Management monitor our country risk based on information provided by our controlling function. Our Group Credit Policy Committee also reviews data on transfer risk.
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Country Risk Exposure
The following tables show the development of total Emerging Markets net counterparty exposure (net of collateral), and the utilized Emerging Markets net transfer risk exposure (net of collateral) by region.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Emerging Markets Net Counterparty Exposure | | | | | | | | |
| in€ m. | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | | Dec 31, 2003 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total Net Counterparty Exposure | | | | 7,085 | | | | 7,296 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total Net Counterparty Exposure (excluding OTC Derivatives) | | | | 5,089 | | | | 5,329 | | |
| | | | | |
Excluding irrevocable commitments and exposures to non-Emerging Markets bank branches. |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Emerging Markets Net Transfer Risk Exposure | | | | | | | | |
| in€ m. | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | | Dec 31, 2003 | | |
| | | | | |
| Africa | | | | 336 | | | | 361 | | |
| | | | | |
| Asia (excluding Japan) | | | | 998 | | | | 1,243 | | |
| | | | | |
| Eastern Europe | | | | 598 | | | | 641 | | |
| | | | | |
| Latin America | | | | 790 | | | | 938 | | |
| | | | | |
| Middle East | | | | 877 | | | | 1,070 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total Emerging Markets Net Transfer Risk Exposure | | | | 3,599 | | | | 4,253 | | |
| | | | | |
Excluding irrevocable commitments and exposures to non-Emerging Markets bank branches. |
At December 31, 2004, our net transfer risk exposure to Emerging Markets (excluding irrevocable commitments and exposures to non-Emerging Markets bank branches) amounted to€ 3.6 billion, reduced by 15% or€ 654 million from December 31, 2003.
For a review of our cross border outstandings calculated in accordance with the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission see “Foreign Outstandings” in our supplemental financial information.
Problem Loans
Our problem loans are comprised of nonaccrual loans, loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing and troubled debt restructurings. All loans where known information about possible credit problems of borrowers causes management to have serious doubts as to the ability of such borrowers to comply with the present loan repayment terms are included in our problem loans.
Additionally, as of December 31, 2004, the Group had€ 83 million of loans held for sale that were non-performing. These amounts are not included in our total problem loans.
The following table presents the components of our 2004 and 2003 problem loans:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | | Dec 31, 2003 | | |
| | | | Impaired | | | | Non- | | | | Total | | | Impaired | | | Non- | | | Total | | |
| | | | loans | 1 | | | performing | | | | | | | loans | 1 | | performing | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | homogeneous | | | | | | | | | | homogeneous | | | | | |
| in€ m. | | | | | | | loans | | | | | | | | | | loans | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Nonaccrual loans | | | | 3,401 | | | | | 1,098 | | | | | 4,499 | | | | 4,980 | | | | 1,062 | | | | 6,042 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing | | | | 26 | | | | | 221 | | | | | 247 | | | | 74 | | | | 306 | | | | 380 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Troubled debt restructurings | | | | 89 | | | | | – | | | | | 89 | | | | 201 | | | | – | | | | 201 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total problem loans | | | | 3,516 | | | | | 1,319 | | | | | 4,835 | | | | 5,255 | | | | 1,368 | | | | 6,623 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
1 | | Loans for which we determine that it is probable that we will be unable to collect all principal and interest due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreements. |
The€ 1.8 billion decrease in our total problem loans in 2004 is due to€ 1.4 billion of gross charge-offs, a€ 0.1 billion reduction as a result of exchange rate movements and a€ 0.3 billion net reduction of problem loans. Included in the€ 1.3 billion nonperforming smaller-balance standardized homogeneous loans, as of December 31, 2004, are€ 1.2 billion of loans that are 90 days or more past due as well as
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€ 0.1 billion of loans that are less than 90 days past due but in the judgment of management the accrual of interest should be ceased.
Our commitments to lend additional funds to debtors with problem loans amounted to€ 201 million as of December 31, 2004, of which€ 15 million had been committed to debtors whose loan terms have been modified in a troubled debt restructuring.
The following table illustrates our total problem loans split between German and non-German counterparties based on the country of domicile of our counterparty for the last two years.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | | Dec 31,2003 | | |
| | | | | |
| Nonaccrual loans: | | | | | | | | | | |
| German | | | | 3,146 | | | | 3,448 | | |
| Non-German | | | | 1,353 | | | | 2,594 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total nonaccrual loans | | | | 4,499 | | | | 6,042 | | |
| | | | | |
| Loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing: | | | | | | | | | | |
| German | | | | 236 | | | | 335 | | |
| Non-German | | | | 11 | | | | 45 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing | | | | 247 | | | | 380 | | |
| | | | | |
| Troubled debt restructurings: | | | | | | | | | | |
| German | | | | 71 | | | | 20 | | |
| Non-German | | | | 18 | | | | 181 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total troubled debt restructurings | | | | 89 | | | | 201 | | |
| | | | | |
Nonaccrual Loans
We place a loan on nonaccrual status if:
– | | the loan has been in default as to payment of principal or interest for 90 days or more and the loan is neither well secured nor in the process of collection, or |
– | | the accrual of interest should be ceased according to management’s judgment as to collectibility of contractual cash flows. |
When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, any accrued but unpaid interest previously recorded is reversed against current period interest revenue. Cash receipts of interest on nonaccrual loans are recorded as either interest revenue or a reduction of principal according to management’s judgment as to collectibility of principal.
As of December 31, 2004, our nonaccrual loans totaled€ 4.5 billion, a net decrease of€ 1.5 billion, or 26%, from 2003. The net decrease in nonaccrual loans was mainly driven by charge-offs and net exposure reductions.
As of December 31, 2003, our nonaccrual loans totaled€ 6.0 billion, a net decrease of€ 4.1 billion, or 40%, from 2002. The net decrease in nonaccrual loans was due to charge-offs, deconsolidations, exchange rate movements, refinements in processes and procedures, net exposure reductions and improved credit quality.
Loans Ninety Days or More Past Due and Still Accruing
These are loans in which contractual interest or principal payments are 90 days or more past due but on which we continue to accrue interest. These loans are well secured and in the process of collection.
In 2004, our 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest loans decreased by€ 133 million, or 35% to€ 247 million. This decrease was mainly due to the placing of loans on nonaccrual status and charge-offs.
In 2003, our 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest loans totaled€ 380 million, a net decrease of€ 129 million, or 25% to 2002. This decrease was mainly due to the placing of loans on nonaccrual status.
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Troubled Debt Restructurings
Troubled debt restructurings are loans that we have restructured due to a deterioration in the borrower’s financial position comprising concessions that we would not otherwise consider.
If a borrower performs satisfactorily for one year under a restructured loan, we no longer consider that borrower’s loan to be a troubled debt restructuring, unless at the time of restructuring the new interest rate was lower than the market rate for similar credit risks.
In 2004, the volume of troubled debt restructurings decreased by€ 112 million or 56% to€ 89 million as of December 31, 2004. This decrease is mainly due to the placing of loans on nonaccrual status and a debt for securities swap.
In 2003, our troubled debt restructurings remained materially unchanged compared with December 31, 2002.
Credit Loss Experience and Allowance for Loan Losses
We establish an allowance for loan losses that represents our estimate of probable losses in our loan portfolio. The responsibility for determining our allowance for loan losses rests with Credit Risk Management. The components of this allowance are:
Specific Loss Component
The specific loss component relates to all loans deemed to be impaired, following an assessment of the counterparty’s ability to repay. A loan is considered to be impaired when we determine that it is probable that we will be unable to collect all interest and principal due in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement. We determine the amount, if any, of the specific provision we should make, taking into account the present value of expected future cash flows, the fair value of the underlying collateral or the market price of the loan.
We regularly re-evaluate all credit exposures that have already been specifically provided for, as well as all credit exposures that appear on our watchlists.
Inherent Loss Component
The inherent loss component relates principally to all other loans we do not consider impaired but which we believe to have incurred some inherent loss on a portfolio basis and is comprised of:
– | | Country Risk Allowance |
| | We establish a country risk allowance for loan exposures in countries where according to management’s judgment a “transfer risk event” is probable. We determine the percentage rates for our country risk allowance on the basis of historical loss experience and current market data, such as economic, political and other relevant factors affecting a country’s financial condition. In making our decision we focus primarily on the transfer risk ratings that we assign to a country and the amount and type of collateral. |
– | | Smaller-Balance Standardized Homogeneous Loan Loss Allowance |
| | Our smaller-balance standardized homogeneous portfolio includes smaller-balance personal loans, residential and nonresidential mortgage loans, overdrafts, loans to self-employed and small business customers of our private and retail business. These loans are evaluated for inherent loss on a collective basis, based on analyses of historical loss experience from each product type according to criteria such as past due status and collateral recovery values. The resulting allowance encompasses the loss inherent both in performing loans, as well as in nonperforming loans within the smaller-balance standardized homogeneous loan portfolio. |
– | | Other Inherent Loss Allowance |
| | The other inherent loss allowance represents our estimate of losses inherent in our loan book that have not yet been individually identified, and reflects the imprecisions and uncertainties in estimating our loan loss allowances. This estimate of inherent losses excludes those exposures we have already considered when establishing our allowance for smaller-balance standardized homogeneous loans. It incorporates the expected loss results, which we generate as part of our economic capital calculations, outlined above. |
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Charge-off Policy
We take charge-offs based on Credit Risk Management’s assessment when we determine that the loans are uncollectible. We generally charge off a loan when all economically sensible means of recovery have been exhausted. Our determination considers information such as the occurrence of significant changes in the borrower’s financial position such that the borrower can no longer pay the obligation, or that the proceeds from collateral will not be sufficient to pay the loan. For our smaller-balance standardized homogeneous loans we generally take charge-offs when a product specific past due status has been reached.
Allowance for Loan Losses
The following table illustrates the components of our allowance for loan losses by industry of the borrower, and the percentage of our total loan portfolio accounted for by those industry classifications, on the dates specified. The breakdown between German and non-German borrowers is based on the country of domicile of our borrowers.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. (except percentages) | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | | Dec 31, 2003 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| German: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Specific loan loss allowance: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Banks and insurance | | | | – | | | | | 1% | | | | 38 | | | | 3% | | |
| Manufacturing | | | | 271 | | | | | 5% | | | | 338 | | | | 6% | | |
| Households (excluding mortgages) | | | | 55 | | | | | 11% | | | | 68 | | | | 10% | | |
| Households – mortgages | | | | 17 | | | | | 19% | | | | 17 | | | | 17% | | |
| Public sector | | | | – | | | | | 1% | | | | – | | | | 1% | | |
| Wholesale and retail trade | | | | 161 | | | | | 3% | | | | 154 | | | | 3% | | |
| Commercial real estate activities | | | | 345 | | | | | 8% | | | | 350 | | | | 8% | | |
| Other | | | | 278 | | | | | 9% | | | | 378 | | | | 9% | | |
| Specific German total | | | | 1,127 | | | | | | | | | 1,343 | | | | | | |
| Inherent loss allowance | | | | 417 | | | | | | | | | 472 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| German total | | | | 1,544 | | | | | 57% | | | | 1,815 | | | | 57% | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Non-German: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Specific loan loss allowance | | | | 527 | | | | | | | | | 1,128 | | | | | | |
| Inherent loss allowance | | | | 273 | | | | | | | | | 338 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Non-German total | | | | 800 | | | | | 43% | | | | 1,466 | | | | 43% | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Total allowance for loan losses | | | | 2,345 | | | | | 100% | | | | 3,281 | | | | 100% | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Total specific allowance | | | | 1,654 | | | | | | | | | 2,471 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Total inherent loss allowance | | | | 691 | | | | | | | | | 810 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Total allowance for loan losses | | | | 2,345 | | | | | | | | | 3,281 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Movements in the Allowance for Loan Losses
We record increases to our allowance for loan losses as an expense on our Consolidated Statement of Income. If we determine that we no longer require allowances we have previously established, we decrease our allowance and record the amount as a reduction of the provision on our Consolidated Statement of Income. Charge-offs reduce our allowance while recoveries increase the allowance without affecting the Consolidated Statement of Income.
The following table sets forth a breakdown of the movements in our allowance for loan losses for the periods specified.
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| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. (except percentages) | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | |
| | | | | |
| Allowance at beginning of year | | | | 3,281 | | | | 4,317 | | |
| | | | | |
| Charge-offs | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| German: | | | | | | | | | | |
| Banks and insurance | | | | 3 | | | | 3 | | |
| Manufacturing | | | | 80 | | | | 57 | | |
| Households (excluding mortgages) | | | | 185 | | | | 169 | | |
| Households – mortgages | | | | 39 | | | | 30 | | |
| Public sector | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| Wholesale and retail trade | | | | 78 | | | | 41 | | |
| Commercial real estate activities | | | | 106 | | | | 59 | | |
| Lease financing | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| Other | | | | 231 | | | | 217 | | |
| German total | | | | 722 | | | | 576 | | |
| | | | | |
| Non-German: | | | | | | | | | | |
| Excluding lease financing | | | | 672 | | | | 1,318 | | |
| Lease financing only | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| Non-German total | | | | 672 | | | | 1,318 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total charge-offs | | | | 1,394 | | | | 1,894 | | |
| | | | | |
| Recoveries | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| German: | | | | | | | | | | |
| Banks and insurance | | | | 1 | | | | – | | |
| Manufacturing | | | | 12 | | | | 7 | | |
| Households (excluding mortgages) | | | | 37 | | | | 48 | | |
| Households – mortgages | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| Public sector | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| Wholesale and retail trade | | | | 12 | | | | 6 | | |
| Commercial real estate activities | | | | 3 | | | | 2 | | |
| Lease financing | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| Other | | | | 37 | | | | 36 | | |
| German total | | | | 102 | | | | 99 | | |
| | | | | |
| Non-German: | | | | | | | | | | |
| Excluding lease financing | | | | 50 | | | | 67 | | |
| Lease financing only | | | | – | | | | 1 | | |
| Non-German total | | | | 50 | | | | 68 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total recoveries | | | | 152 | | | | 167 | | |
| | | | | |
| Net charge-offs | | | | 1,242 | | | | 1,727 | | |
| | | | | |
| Provision for loan losses | | | | 372 | | | | 1,113 | | |
| | | | | |
| Other changes (currency translation and allowance related to acquisitions/divestitures) | | | | (66 | ) | | | (422 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Allowance at end of year | | | | 2,345 | | | | 3,281 | | |
| | | | | |
| Percentage of total net charge-offs to average loans for the year | | | | 0.86% | | | | 1.04% | | |
| | | | | |
Our allowance for loan losses as of December 31, 2004 was€ 2.3 billion, 29% lower than the€ 3.3 billion at the end of 2003. The decrease in our allowance balance was principally due to charge-offs exceeding our net provisions.
Our gross charge-offs amounted to€ 1.4 billion in 2004, a decrease of€ 500 million, or 26%, from 2003 charge-offs. Of the charge-offs for 2004,€ 945 million were related to our corporate credit exposure, mainly driven by our American and German portfolios, and€ 449 million were related to our consumer credit exposure.
Our provision for loan losses in 2004 was€ 372 million, a decrease of€ 741 million or 67% from the prior year, reflecting the improved credit environment witnessed throughout the year, supported by some significant releases, and a continuation of our strict credit discipline. This amount was composed
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of both net specific and inherent loan loss provisions. In 2004, 73% of our provision related to our smaller-balance standardized homogeneous loan portfolio.
Our specific loan loss allowance was€ 1.7 billion as of December 31, 2004, a decrease of€ 817 million, or a 33% reduction from 2003. The change in our allowance includes a net specific loan loss provision of€ 134 million, which includes a€ 18 million net release for non-German clients. The provision was 85% lower than the previous year and was more than offset by net charge-offs of€ 889 million. Notably, the specific loan loss allowance is the largest component of our total allowance for loan losses.
Our inherent loan loss allowance totaled€ 691 million as of December 31, 2004, a decrease of€ 119 million, or 15%, from the level at the end of 2003. A major driver of the net reduction was€ 353 million net charge-offs in our smaller-balance standardized homogeneous loan portfolio, offset by€ 270 million net provision. Furthermore, in 2004 we recorded a net reduction of€ 35 million in our other inherent loss allowance.
Our allowance for loan losses as of December 31, 2003 was€ 3.3 billion, 24% lower than the€ 4.3 billion at the end of 2002. The decrease in our allowance balance was principally due to charge-offs exceeding our net provisions. This is as a result of exposures being provided largely in 2002 and subsequently written-off in 2003, predominantly in the telecommunications industry. Also,€ 422 million of the overall reduction in our allowance for loan losses can be attributed both to exchange rate movements and to deconsolidations.
Our gross charge-offs amounted to€ 1.9 billion in 2003, a decrease of€ 834 million, or 31%, from 2002 charge-offs. Of the charge-offs for 2003,€ 1.3 billion were related to our corporate credit exposure, mainly driven by our American and German portfolios, and€ 579 million were related to our consumer credit exposure.
Our provision for loan losses in 2003 was€ 1.1 billion, a decrease of 47% from the prior year, reflecting the overall improved credit quality of our corporate loan book as evidenced by the increase in the portion of our loans carrying an investment-grade rating. This amount was composed of both net specific and inherent loan loss provisions. The provision for the year was primarily due to specific loan loss provisions required against a wide range of industry sectors, the two largest being Utilities and Manufacturing and Engineering.
Our specific loan loss allowance was€ 2.5 billion as of December 31, 2003, a decrease of€ 673 million, or a 21% reduction from 2002. The change in our allowance includes a net specific loan loss provision of€ 918 million, 70% of which related to non-German clients. The provision was 53% lower than the previous year and was more than offset by net charge-offs of€ 1.2 billion. Notably, the specific loan loss allowance is the largest component of our total allowance for loan losses. Consequently, the net reduction in our specific loan loss allowance for 2003 is also driven by charge-offs exceeding our net provisions. This is a result of exposures being provided largely in 2002 and subsequently written-off in 2003, predominantly in the telecommunications industry. The overall reduction in our specific loan loss allowance can also be attributed to exchange rate movements and to deconsolidations.
Our inherent loan loss allowance totaled€ 810 million as of December 31, 2003, a decrease of€ 363 million, or 31%, from the level at the end of 2002. A major driver of the net reduction was€ 506 million net charge-offs in our smaller-balance standardized homogeneous loan portfolio, which included€ 240 million due to refinements of processes and procedures. The change also reflected a net provision for smaller-balance standardized homogeneous loans of€ 308 million. Furthermore, in 2003 we recorded a net reduction of€ 158 million in our other inherent loss allowance due to the ongoing reduction of our corporate loan exposure, including loan sales and deconsolidations, as well as the overall improved credit quality of our corporate loan book and effects from currency translations.
For a description of the factors which influenced additions to the allowance in earlier years, see page S-8 of the supplemental financial information, which is incorporated by reference herein.
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Non-German Component of the Allowance for Loan Losses
The following table presents an analysis of the changes in the non-German component of the allowance for loan losses. As of December 31, 2004, 34% of our total allowance was attributable to international clients.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | |
| | | | | |
| Allowance at beginning of year | | | | 1,466 | | | | 2,446 | | |
| | | | | |
| Charge-offs | | | | 672 | | | | 1,318 | | |
| | | | | |
| Recoveries | | | | 50 | | | | 68 | | |
| | | | | |
| Net charge-offs | | | | 622 | | | | 1,250 | | |
| | | | | |
| Provision for loan losses | | | | 25 | | | | 590 | | |
| | | | | |
| Other changes (currency translation and allowance related to acquisitions/divestitures) | | | | (69 | ) | | | (320 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Allowance at end of year | | | | 800 | | | | 1,466 | | |
| | | | | |
Allowance for off-balance sheet positions
The following table presents an analysis of the changes in our allowance for off-balance sheet positions.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | |
| | | | | |
| Allowance at beginning of year | | | | 416 | | | | 485 | | |
| | | | | |
| Provision for credit losses | | | | (65 | ) | | | (50 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Other changes (currency translation and allowance related to acquisitions/divestitures) | | | | (6 | ) | | | (19 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Allowance at end of year | | | | 345 | | | | 416 | | |
| | | | | |
Settlement Risk
Our trading activities may give rise to risk at the time of settlement of those trades. Settlement risk is the risk of loss due to the failure of a counterparty to honor its obligations to deliver cash, securities or other assets as contractually agreed.
For many types of transactions, we mitigate settlement risk by closing the transaction through a clearing agent, which effectively acts as a stakeholder for both parties, only settling the trade once both parties have fulfilled their sides of the bargain.
Where no such settlement system exists, as is commonly the case with foreign exchange trades, the simultaneous commencement of the payment and the delivery parts of the transaction is common practice between trading partners (free settlement). In these cases, we may seek to mitigate our settlement risk through the execution of bilateral payment netting agreements. We are also an active participant in industry initiatives to reduce settlement risks. Acceptance of settlement risk on free settlement trades requires approval from our credit risk personnel, either in the form of pre-approved settlement risk limits, or through transaction-specific approvals. We do not aggregate settlement risk limits with other credit exposures for credit approval purposes, but we take the aggregate exposure into account when we consider whether a given settlement risk would be acceptable.
Market Risk
Substantially all of our businesses are subject to the risk that market prices and rates will move and result in profits or losses for us. We distinguish among four types of market risk:
– | | Interest rate risk; |
– | | Equity price risk; |
– | | Foreign exchange risk; and |
– | | Commodity price risk. |
The interest rate and equity price risks consist of two components each. The general risk describes value changes due to general market movements, while the specific risk has issuer-related causes.
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Market Risk Management Framework
We assume market risk in both our trading and our nontrading activities. We assume risk by making markets and taking positions in debt, equity, foreign exchange, other securities and commodities as well as in equivalent derivatives.
We use a combination of risk sensitivities, value-at-risk, stress testing and economic capital metrics to manage market risks and establish limits. Economic capital is the metric we use to describe and aggregate all our market risks, both in trading and nontrading portfolios. Value-at-risk is a common metric we use in the management of our trading market risks.
Our Board of Managing Directors and Group Risk Committee, supported by Group Market Risk Management, which is part of our independent risk management function, set a Group-wide value-at-risk limit for the market risks in the trading book. Group Market Risk Management sub-allocates this overall limit to our Group Divisions. Below that, limits are allocated to specific business lines and trading portfolio groups and geographical regions.
Our value-at-risk disclosure for the trading businesses is based on our own internal value-at-risk model. In October 1998, the German Banking Supervisory Authority (now the BaFin) approved our internal value-at-risk model for calculating market risk capital for our general and specific market risk. It confirmed its approval in 2000 and the approval was renewed in 2002.
Our value-at-risk disclosure is intended to ensure consistency of market risk reporting for internal risk management, for external disclosure and for regulatory purposes. The overall value-at-risk limit for our Corporate and Investment Bank Group Division was€ 80 million in the time period from January 1 to March 9, 2004 and€ 90 million from March 10 to December 31, 2004 (with a 99% confidence level, as we describe below, and a one-day holding period). For the respective periods the value-at-risk limit for our consolidated Group trading positions was€ 82 million and€ 92 million. Four temporary excesses to the Group limit were approved by our Board of Managing Directors in 2004.
Specifics of Market Risk Reporting under German Banking Regulations
German banking regulations stipulate specific rules for market risk reporting, which concern in particular the consolidation of entities, the calculation of the overall market risk position, as well as the determination of which assets are trading assets and which are nontrading assets:
– | | Consolidation.For German regulatory purposes we do not consolidate entities other than credit institutions, financial services institutions, financial enterprises or bank service enterprises. However, we do consolidate a number of these companies under U.S. GAAP. These companies include our insurance companies and certain investment companies, which manage their market risks independently pursuant to their respective regulations. At year-end 2004, these companies held€ 10.0 billion of nontrading assets, whilst the amount of trading assets held was not material. |
– | | Overall Market Risk Position.We do not include in our market risk disclosure the foreign exchange risk arising from currency positions that German banking regulations permit us to exclude from market risk reporting. These are currency positions which are fully deducted from, or covered by, equity capital recognized for regulatory reporting as well as shares in affiliated companies that we record in foreign currency and value at historical cost (structural currency positions). At year-end 2004, these positions had a total book value of€ 12.3 billion and were denominated mainly in U.S. dollars (64%), pounds sterling (17%) and Japanese yen (8%). |
– | | Definition of Trading Assets and Nontrading Assets.We hold assets that are included in the value-at-risk of the trading units even though they are not trading assets under U.S. GAAP. These assets typically consist of tradable loans and money market loans and are assigned primarily to our Global Corporate Finance and Global Markets business divisions. At year-end 2004,€ 2.1 billion of loans were classified as trading assets for regulatory reporting. Conversely, we also have positions that are classified as nontrading assets for regulatory reporting even though they are trading assets under U.S. GAAP. At year-end 2004, these positions included derivatives classified as non-qualifying hedges under U.S. GAAP with a total positive and negative market value of€ 1.1 billion and€ 1.5 billion, respectively. |
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Value-at-Risk Analysis
The value-at-risk approach derives a quantitative measure for our trading book market risks under normal market conditions, estimating the potential future loss (in terms of market value) that will not be exceeded in a defined period of time and with a defined confidence level. The value-at-risk measure enables us to apply a constant and uniform measure across all of our trading businesses and products. It also facilitates comparisons of our market risk estimates both over time and against our daily trading results.
We calculate value-at-risk for both internal and regulatory reporting using a 99% confidence level, in accordance with BIS rules. For internal reporting, we use a holding period of one day. For regulatory reporting, the holding period is ten days.
We believe that our value-at-risk model takes into account all material risk factors assuming normal market conditions. Examples of these factors are interest rates, equity prices, foreign exchange rates and commodity prices, as well as their implied volatilities. The model incorporates both linear and, especially for derivatives, nonlinear effects of the risk factors on the portfolio value. The statistical parameters required for the value-at-risk calculation are based on a 261 trading day history (corresponding to at least one calendar year of trading days) with equal weighting being given to each observation. We generally calculate value-at-risk using the Monte Carlo simulation technique and assuming that changes in risk factors follow a normal or logarithmic normal distribution. However, we still utilize a variance-covariance approach to calculate specific interest rate risk for some portfolios, such as in our integrated credit trading and securitization businesses.
To determine our aggregated value-at-risk, we use historically observed correlations between the different general market risk classes. However, when aggregating general and specific market risks, we assume that there is zero correlation between them.
Back-Testing
We use back-testing in our trading units to verify the predictive power of the value-at-risk calculations. In back-testing, we compare actual income as well as hypothetical daily profits and losses under the buy-and-hold assumption (in accordance with German regulatory requirements) with the estimates from our value-at-risk model.
A back-testing committee meets on a quarterly basis to discuss back-testing results of the Group as a whole and of individual businesses. The committee consists of risk managers, risk controllers and business area controllers. They analyze performance fluctuations and assess the predictive power of our value-at-risk model, which in turn allows us to improve the risk estimation process.
Stress Testing and Economic Capital
While value-at-risk, calculated on a daily basis, supplies forecasts for potential large losses under normal market conditions, we also perform stress tests in which we value our trading portfolios under extreme market scenarios not covered by the confidence interval of our value-at-risk model.
The quantification of market risk under extreme stress scenarios forms the basis of our assessment of the economic capital that we estimate is needed to cover the market risk in all of our positions. Underlying risk factors (market parameters) applicable to the different products are stressed, meaning that we assume a sudden change, according to pre-defined scenarios. We derive the stress scenarios from historic worst case scenarios adjusted for structural changes in current markets.
For example, we calculate country-specific event risk scenarios for all Emerging Markets and assess these event risk results daily. A committee reviews the country risk ratings and scenario loss limits bi-weekly.
In addition to the country-specific event risk scenarios for Emerging Markets, we also run regular market stress scenarios on the positions of every major portfolio. This is done weekly for the trading portfolios and monthly for the nontrading portfolios.
Our stress test scenarios include:
– | | Price and volatility risks for interest rates, equity prices, foreign exchange and commodity prices for industrialized countries. This covers both trading and nontrading securities and investments, as well as trading book derivatives portfolios and includes many basis risks. |
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| | |
– | | Emerging Markets’ risks, including equity price declines, strong interest rate movements and currency devaluations. |
– | | Credit spread risks for bonds, credit derivatives and traded loans of both industrialized and Emerging Markets countries. |
– | | Underwriting risks in debt and equity capital markets. |
We calculate economic capital by aggregating losses from those stress scenarios using correlations that reflect stressed market conditions (rather than the normal market correlations used in the value-at-risk model).
In 2004, we continued to refine and improve our stress testing processes and their parameterization. Our economic capital usage for market risk arising from the trading units totaled€ 1.6 billion at year-end 2004 (and on average€ 1.5 billion for all of December 2004), compared with€ 1.0 billion at year-end 2003. However, a substantial part of the increase in trading market risk economic capital is related to our refined stress testing parameterization introduced in 2004. Applying the previously implemented parameters to year-end 2004 data on a pro forma basis leads to a year-on-year increase in trading market risk economic capital of€ 0.2 billion instead of€ 0.6 billion.
Limitations of Our Proprietary Risk Models
Although we believe that our proprietary market risk models are of a high standard, we are committed to their ongoing development and allocate substantial resources to reviewing and improving them.
Our stress testing results and economic capital estimations are necessarily limited by the number of stress tests executed and that not all downside scenarios can be predicted and simulated. While the risk managers have used their best judgment to define worst case scenarios based upon the knowledge of past extreme market moves, it is possible for our market risk positions to lose more value than even our economic capital estimates.
Our value-at-risk analyses should also be viewed in the context of the limitations of the methodology we use and are therefore not maximum amounts that we can lose on our market risk positions. The limitations of the value-at-risk methodology include the following:
– | | The use of historical data as a proxy for estimating future events may not capture all potential events, particularly those that are extreme in nature. |
– | | The assumption that changes in risk factors follow a normal or logarithmic normal distribution. This may not be the case in reality and may lead to an underestimation of the probability of extreme market movements. |
– | | The use of a holding period of one day (or ten days for regulatory value-at-risk calculations) assumes that all positions can be liquidated or hedged in that period of time. This assumption does not fully capture the market risk arising during periods of illiquidity, when liquidation or hedging in that period of time may not be possible. This is particularly the case for the use of a one-day holding period. |
– | | The use of a 99% confidence level does not take account of, nor makes any statement about, any losses that might occur beyond this level of confidence. |
– | | We calculate value-at-risk at the close of business on each trading day. We do not subject intra-day exposures to intra-day value-at-risk calculations. |
– | | Value-at-risk does not capture all of the complex effects of the risk factors on the value of positions and portfolios and could, therefore, underestimate potential losses. For example, the way sensitivities are represented in our value-at-risk model may only be exact for small changes in market parameters. |
The aggregate value-at-risk estimates for our trading market risk are conservative risk estimates when measured against our back-testing procedures (as shown by the number of hypothetical buy-and-hold portfolio losses against the predicted value-at-risk). However, we acknowledge the limitations in the value-at-risk methodology by supplementing the value-at-risk limits with other position and sensitivity limit structures, as well as with stress testing, both on individual portfolios and on a consolidated basis.
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Value-at-Risk of the Trading Units of Our Corporate and Investment Bank Group Division
The following table shows the value-at-risk (with a 99% confidence level and a one-day holding period) of the trading units of our Corporate and Investment Bank Group Division. Our trading market risk outside of these units is immaterial. “Diversification effect” reflects the fact that the total value-at-risk on a given day will be lower than the sum of the values-at-risk relating to the individual risk classes. Simply adding the value-at-risk figures of the individual risk classes to arrive at an aggregate value-at-risk would imply the assumption that the losses in all risk categories occur simultaneously.
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| | |
| Value-at-risk of | | | Total | | | | Diversification | | | | Interest rate | | | | Equity price | | | | Foreign | | | | Commodity | | |
| Trading Units | | | | | | | effect | | | | risk | | | | risk | | | | exchange risk | | | | price risk | | |
| in€ m. | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Average | | | | 71.6 | | | | 48.4 | | | | | (38.4 | ) | | | (33.5 | ) | | | | 61.7 | | | | 45.9 | | | | | 30.8 | | | | 21.9 | | | | | 10.6 | | | | 7.7 | | | | | 7.0 | | | | 6.4 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Maximum | | | | 97.9 | | | | 72.1 | | | | | (61.5 | ) | | | (57.3 | ) | | | | 91.1 | | | | 64.1 | | | | | 45.1 | | | | 37.0 | | | | | 25.9 | | | | 17.5 | | | | | 10.8 | | | | 16.7 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Minimum | | | | 54.5 | | | | 32.3 | | | | | (28.1 | ) | | | (21.9 | ) | | | | 39.7 | | | | 27.6 | | | | | 19.9 | | | | 13.0 | | | | | 2.9 | | | | 3.2 | | | | | 3.8 | | | | 3.3 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year-end | | | | 66.3 | | | | 60.0 | | | | | (39.8 | ) | | | (33.8 | ) | | | | 41.1 | | | | 52.6 | | | | | 42.6 | | | | 27.3 | | | | | 17.2 | | | | 6.8 | | | | | 5.1 | | | | 7.1 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The following graph shows the daily aggregate value-at-risk of our trading units in 2004, including diversification effects, and actual incomes of the trading units throughout the year.

The higher value-at-risk levels in the middle of the year were mainly the result of increased position taking and smaller diversification benefits. Our value-at-risk levels at the beginning and at the end of 2004 were similar to the level at year-end 2003. In 2003 our value-at-risk increased over the year from an average of€ 37.3 million in the first quarter to an average of€ 62.6 million in the fourth quarter, which is higher than the average for the full year 2003.
Our trading units achieved a positive income for over 93% of the trading days in 2004 (over 96% in 2003). On no trading day in either year did they incur an actual loss that exceeded the value-at-risk estimate for that day.
Also, there was no hypothetical buy-and-hold loss that exceeded our value-at-risk estimate for the trading units as a whole in 2004 and 2003. This is below the expected two to three outliers a year that a 99% confidence level value-at-risk model ought to predict, showing that our risk estimates are conservative.
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The following histogram shows the distribution of actual daily income of our trading units in 2004. The histogram indicates the number of trading days on which we reached each level of trading income shown on the horizontal axis in millions of euro.

In addition to our back-testing, the comparison of the distribution of actual daily income with the average value-at-risk also enables us to ascertain the reasonableness of our value-at-risk estimate. The histogram shows that the distribution of our trading units’ actual daily income produces a 99th percentile of only€ 60.8 million below the average daily income level of€ 35.5 million, which is less than the average value-at-risk estimate of€ 71.6 million.
Market Risk in Our Nontrading Portfolios
The market risk in our nontrading portfolios constitutes the largest portion of the market risk of our consolidated Group.
Assessment of Market Risk in Our Nontrading Portfolios
We assess the market risk in our nontrading portfolios through the use of stress testing procedures that are particular to each risk class and which consider, among other factors, large historically observed market moves as well as the liquidity of each asset class. This assessment forms the basis of our economic capital estimates which enable us to actively monitor and manage the nontrading market risk positions using a methodology which is consistent with that used for the trading market risk positions. As an example, for our industrial holdings we apply individual price shocks between 24% and 37%, which are based on historically observed market moves. In addition, we consider value reductions between 10% and 15% to reflect liquidity constraints. For private equity exposures, all our positions are stressed using our standard credit risk economic capital model as well as market price shocks up to 100%, depending on the individual asset. See also section “Risk Management Tools – Economic Capital” and “Market Risk – Stress Testing and Economic Capital.”
We do not use value-at-risk as the primary metric to assess the market risk in our nontrading portfolios because of the nature of these positions as well as the lack of transparency of some of the pricing.
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Nontrading Market Risk by Risk Class
The biggest market risk in our nontrading portfolios is equity price risk which is further discussed below. The vast majority of the interest rate and foreign exchange risks arising from our nontrading asset and liability positions has been transferred through internal hedges to our Global Finance business line within our Corporate and Investment Bank Group Division and is thus managed on the basis of value-at-risk as reflected in our trading value-at-risk numbers.
Nontrading Market Risk by Group Division
There is nontrading market risk held and managed in each of our Group Divisions. The nontrading market risk in our Corporate Investments Group Division remains by far the biggest in the Group and is mainly incurred through industrial holdings, other corporate investments and private equity investments. Our Private Clients and Asset Management Group Division primarily assumes nontrading market risk through its proprietary investments in real estate, mutual funds and hedge funds, which support the client asset management businesses. In our Corporate and Investment Bank Group Division, which has the smallest amount of nontrading market risk, the most significant part arises from a few strategic investments.
Carrying Value and Economic Capital Usage for Our Nontrading Portfolios
The below table shows the carrying values and economic capital usages separately for our major industrial holdings, other corporate investments (which include EUROHYPO AG and Atradius N.V.) and alternative assets. Our economic capital usage for these nontrading asset portfolios totaled€ 3.9 billion at year-end 2004, which is€ 1.0 billion or 21% below our economic capital usage at year-end 2003. This decrease reflects the continued reduction of our alternative assets portfolios and our industrial holdings, mainly driven by sales of private equity primary funds, venture portfolio assets and real estate investments as well as by the reduction of our capital share in DaimlerChrysler AG. In our total economic capital figures no diversification benefits between the different asset categories (e.g., between industrial holdings, private equity, real estate, etc.) are taken into account.
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| | |
| Nontrading Portfolios | | | Carrying Value | | | | Economic Capital Usage | | |
| in€ bn. | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | | Dec 31, 2003 | | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | | Dec 31, 2003 | 1 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Major Industrial Holdings | | | | 5.5 | | | | 6.4 | | | | | 1.2 | | | | 1.3 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Other Corporate Investments | | | | 5.2 | | | | 5.4 | | | | | 1.8 | | | | 1.8 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Alternative Assets | | | | 2.6 | | | | 4.3 | | | | | 0.9 | | | | 1.8 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Private Equity | | | | 1.1 | | | | 2.0 | | | | | 0.6 | | | | 1.3 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Real Estate | | | | 1.3 | | | | 2.0 | | | | | 0.2 | | | | 0.4 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Hedge Funds | | | | 0.2 | | | | 0.3 | | | | | 0.1 | | | | 0.1 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Total | | | | 13.3 | | | | 16.1 | | | | | 3.9 | | | | 4.9 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
1 | | To ensure consistency with the 2004 asset categorization,€ 0.2 billion economic capital for certain alternative assets has been reassigned to other corporate investments. |
We define alternative assets as direct investments in private equity (including venture capital, mezzanine debt and leveraged buy-out funds), real estate principal investments (including mezzanine debt), and hedge funds. Our alternative assets portfolio continues to be dominated by real estate and private equity investments and is well diversified. Approximately half of our private equity investments were held in funds managed by external managers.
We carry private equity, venture capital and real estate investments on our balance sheet at their costs of acquisition (less write-downs, if applicable) or fair value. In certain circumstances, depending on our ownership percentage or management rights, we apply the equity method of accounting to our investments. In some situations, we consolidate investments made by the private equity business. We account for our investments in leveraged buy-out funds using the equity method and carry hedge fund investments at current market value.
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Management of Our Nontrading Portfolios
To ensure a coordinated investment strategy, a consistent risk management process and appropriate portfolio diversification, our Group Corporate Investments/Alternative Assets Governance Committee supervises all of our nontrading asset portfolios. Our Global Head of Group Market Risk Management is also the Chief Risk Officer for Corporate Investments and alternative assets and is a member of the committee. The committee defines investment strategies, determines risk-adjusted return requirements, sets limits and allocates economic capital among the alternative assets classes. It approves policies, procedures and methodologies for managing alternative assets risk and receives monthly portfolio reports showing performance, estimated market values, economic capital estimates and risk profiles of the portfolios. The committee also oversees the portfolio of industrial holdings and other corporate investments held in our Corporate Investments Group Division.
The following table shows the total shares of capital and market values of our major industrial holdings which were directly and/or indirectly attributable to us at year-end 2004 and 2003. Our Corporate Investments Group Division, which is responsible for administering and restructuring our industrial holdings portfolio, currently plans to continue selling most of its publicly listed holdings over the next few years, subject to the legal environment and market conditions.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Major industrial holdings | | | | Share of capital (in %) | | | | Market value (in€ m.) | | |
| Name | | Country of domicile | | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | | Dec 31, 2003 | | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | | Dec 31,2003 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| DaimlerChrysler AG | | Germany | | | | 10.4 | | | | 11.8 | | | | | 3,706 | | | | 4,445 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Allianz AG | | Germany | | | | 2.5 | | | | 2.5 | | | | | 935 | | | | 965 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Linde AG | | Germany | | | | 10.0 | | | | 10.0 | | | | | 544 | | | | 509 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Südzucker AG | | Germany | | | | 4.8 | | | | 4.8 | | | | | 128 | | | | 126 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Fiat S.p.A. | | Italy | | | | 1.0 | | | | 1.0 | | | | | 59 | | | | 61 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| DEUTZ AG | | Germany | | | | 4.5 | | | | 10.5 | | | | | 12 | | | | 31 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Other | | N/M | | | | | N/M | | | | N/M | | | | | 106 | | | | 242 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Total | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 5,490 | | | | 6,379 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Liquidity Risk
Liquidity Risk Management safeguards the ability of the bank to meet all payment obligations when they come due. Our liquidity risk management framework has been instrumental in maintaining adequate liquidity and a healthy funding profile during the year 2004.
Liquidity Risk Management Framework
Group Treasury is responsible for the management of liquidity risk. Our liquidity risk management framework is designed to identify, measure and manage the liquidity risk position. The underlying policies are reviewed on a regular basis by the Group Asset and Liability Committee and finally approved by the Board Member responsible for Group Treasury. The policies define the methodology which is applied to the Group, its branches and its subsidiaries.
Our liquidity risk management approach starts at the intraday level (operational liquidity) managing the daily payment queue, forecasting cash flows and our access to Central Banks. It then covers tactical liquidity risk management dealing with the access to unsecured funding sources and the liquidity characteristics of our asset inventory (Asset Liquidity). Finally, the strategic perspective comprises the maturity profile of all assets and liabilities (Funding Matrix) on our balance sheet and our Issuance Strategy.
We have developed a cash flow based reporting tool (Lima System) which provides daily liquidity risk information to global and regional management.
Our liquidity position is subject to stress testing and scenario analysis to evaluate the impact of sudden stress events. The scenarios are either based on historic events, case studies of liquidity crises or models using hypothetical events.
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Short-term Liquidity
Our reporting tool tracks cash flows on a daily basis over an eighteen months horizon. This scheme allows management to assess our short-term liquidity position in any location, region and globally on a by-currency, by-product, and by-division basis. The system captures all of our cash flows from transactions on our balance sheet, as well as liquidity risks resulting from off-balance sheet transactions. We model products that have no specific contractual maturities using statistical methods to capture the actual behavior of their cash flows. Liquidity outflow limits (MCO Limits), which have been set to limit cumulative global and regional net cash outflows, are monitored on a daily basis and ensure our access to liquidity.
Unsecured Funding
Unsecured funding is a finite resource. Total unsecured funding represents the amount of external liabilities, which we take from the market irrespective of instrument, currency or tenor. Unsecured funding is measured on a regional basis by currency and aggregated to a global utilization report. The Group Asset and Liability Committee has set limits by business divisions to protect our access to unsecured funding at attractive levels.
Asset Liquidity
The Asset Liquidity component tracks the volume and booking location within our consolidated inventory of unencumbered, liquid assets which we can use to raise funds either in the repurchase agreement markets or by selling the assets. Securities inventories include a wide variety of different securities. In a first step, we segregate illiquid and liquid securities in each inventory. Subsequently we assign liquidity values to different classes of liquid securities.
The liquidity of these assets is an important element in protecting us against short-term liquidity squeezes. In addition, we maintained a€ 27.2 billion portfolio of highly liquid securities in major currencies around the world to supply collateral for cash needs associated with clearing activities in euro, U.S. dollar and other major currencies.
Funding Diversification
Diversification of our funding profile in terms of investor types, regions, products and instruments is an important element of our liquidity risk management framework. Our core funding resources, such as retail, small/mid-cap and fiduciary deposits as well as long-term capital markets funding, form the cornerstone of our liability profile. Customer deposits, funds from institutional investors and interbank funding are additional sources of funding. We use interbank deposits primarily to fund liquid assets.
The following chart shows the composition of our external unsecured liabilities as of December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003 both in euro billion and as a percentage of our total unsecured liabilities.
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Funding Matrix
We have mapped all funding relevant assets and liabilities into time buckets corresponding to their maturities to compile a maturity profile (Funding Matrix). Given that trading assets are typically more liquid than their contractual maturities suggest, we have divided them into liquid assets (assigned to the time bucket one year and under) and illiquid assets (assigned in equal installments to time buckets two to five years). We have taken assets and liabilities from the retail bank that show a behavior of being renewed or prolonged regardless of capital market conditions (mortgage loans and retail deposits) and assigned them to time buckets reflecting the expected prolongation. Wholesale banking products are included with their contractual maturities.
The Funding Matrix identifies the excess or shortfall of assets over liabilities in each time bucket and thus allows us to identify and manage open liquidity exposures. We have also developed a tool, which enables us to predict whether any excess or shortfall will grow or decline over time. The Funding Matrix is a key input parameter for our annual capital market issuance plan, which upon approval of the Group Asset and Liability Committee establishes issuing targets for securities by tenor, volume and instrument.
The Funding Matrix indicates that at year-end 2004 we were structurally long funded.
Stress Testing and Scenario Analysis
We employ stress testing and scenario analysis to evaluate the impact of sudden stress events on our liquidity position. The scenarios are either based on historic events (such as the stock market crash of 1987, the U.S. liquidity crunch of 1990 and the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001) or modeled using hypothetical events. The latter include internal scenarios such as operational risk events, merger or acquisition, a rating downgrade of the bank by 1 and 3 notches respectively as well as external scenarios such as a market risk event, Emerging Markets crises, systemic shock and prolonged global recession. Under each of these scenarios we assume that all maturing loans to customers will need to be rolled over and require funding whereas rollover of liabilities will be partially impaired resulting in a funding gap. We then model the steps we would take to counterbalance the resulting net shortfall in funding needs. Action steps would include selling assets, switching from unsecured to secured funding and adjusting the price we would pay for liabilities (gap closure).
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This analysis is fully integrated within the existing liquidity risk management framework. We track contractual cash flows per currency and product over an eight-week horizon (the most critical time span in a liquidity crisis) and apply the relevant stress case to each product. Asset Liquidity complements the analysis.
Our stress testing analysis provides guidance as to our ability to generate sufficient liquidity under critical conditions and is a valuable input parameter when defining our target liquidity risk position. The analysis is performed monthly. The following report is illustrative for our stress testing results as of December 31, 2004. For each scenario, the table shows what our maximum funding gap would be over an eight-week horizon after occurrence of the triggering event. We analyze whether the risk to our liquidity would be immediate and whether it would improve or worsen over time. We determine how much liquidity we believe we would have been able to generate at the time to close the gap.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Scenario | | Funding gap | 1 | | Liquidity impact | | Gap closure | 2 | |
| | | (in€ bn. | ) | | | | | (in€ bn. | ) | |
| | |
| Market risk | | | 9.1 | | | Gradually increasing | | | 96.0 | | |
| | |
| Emerging markets | | | 13.5 | | | Gradually increasing | | | 98.8 | | |
| | |
| Prolonged global recession | | | 19.2 | | | Gradually increasing | | | 101.6 | | |
| | |
| Systemic shock | | | 13.8 | | | Immediate, duration 2 weeks | | | 101.5 | | |
| | |
| DB downgrade to A1/P1 (short term) and A1/A+ (long term) | | | 11.2 | | | Gradually increasing | | | 96.0 | | |
| | |
| Operational risk | | | 10.2 | | | Immediate, duration 2 weeks | | | 96.0 | | |
| | |
| Merger & Acquisition | | | 35.8 | | | Gradually increasing, pay-out in week 6 | | | 96.0 | | |
| | |
| DB downgrade to A2/P2 (short term) and A3/A- (long term) | | | 52.3 | | | Gradually increasing | | | 103.1 | | |
| | |
1 | | Funding gap after assumed partially impaired rollover of liabilities. |
|
2 | | Maximum liquidity generation based on counterbalancing and asset liquidity opportunities. |
With the increasing importance of liquidity management in the financial industry, we consider it important to contribute to financial stability by regularly addressing central banks, supervisors, rating agencies, and market participants on liquidity risk-related topics. We participate in a number of working groups regarding liquidity and participate in efforts to create industry-wide standards that are appropriate to evaluate and manage liquidity risk at financial institutions.
In addition to our internal liquidity management systems, the liquidity exposure of German banks is regulated by the German Banking Act and regulations issued by the BaFin. For a further description of these regulations, see “Item 4: Information on the Company – Regulation and Supervision – Regulation and Supervision in Germany – Principal Laws and Regulators – Liquidity Requirements.” We are in compliance with all applicable liquidity regulations.
Operational Risk
The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision in 2004 published the final version of the new capital adequacy framework which is broadly known as “Basel II” and the EU Commission published the draft of its equivalent Capital Adequacy Directive which is currently going through EU parliamentary procedures. Discussions between the banking industry and the regulators are continuing with regard to specific issues as well as interpretation of both the new accord and directive. On the basis of this regulatory discussion we define operational risk as the potential for incurring losses in relation to employees, project management, contractual specifications and documentation, technology, infrastructure failure and disasters, external influences and customer relationships. This definition includes legal and regulatory risk, but excludes business risk.
Organizational Set-up
Operational Risk Management is an independent risk management function within Deutsche Bank. The Chief Risk Officer for Credit and Operational Risk with Group-wide responsibility reports directly to the Group Chief Risk Officer. The Global Head of Operational Risk Management reports to the Chief Risk Officer for Credit and Operational Risk and both are represented on the Group Risk Committee. The Operational Risk Management Committee is a permanent sub-committee of the Group Risk Committee
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and is composed of the Operational Risk Management team. It is our main decision making committee for all operational risk management matters and approves group standards for identification, assessment, reporting and monitoring of operational risk.
Operational Risk Management is responsible for defining the operational risk framework and related policies while the responsibility for implementing the framework as well as the day-to-day operational risk management lies with our Business Divisions. Based on this business partnership model we ensure a close monitoring and high awareness for operational risk. Operational Risk Management is structured into regional and functional teams: the regional teams ensure consistent implementation of the overall operational risk management framework and pro-active management of operational risks and the functional teams focus on the development and implementation of the operational risk management toolset and reporting, monitoring regulatory requirements, value-added analysis and the setting of loss thresholds.
Managing Our Operational Risk
It is our objective to pro-actively manage operational risks on a Group-wide basis. For this reason we have implemented a Group-wide consistent operational risk framework that enables us to determine our operational risk profile and to define risk mitigating measures and priorities.
In order to efficiently manage the operational risk we have developed and implemented four different infrastructure elements:
– | | We perform bottom-up operational risk ‘‘self-assessments’’ using the db-SAT tool. This results in a specific operational risk profile for the business lines clearly highlighting the areas with high risk potential. |
– | | We collect losses arising from operational risk events in our db-Incident Reporting System database. |
– | | We capture and monitor qualitative operational risk indicators in our tool db-Score returning early warning signals. |
– | | We capture action points resulting from risk assessments or db-Score in db-Track. Within db-Track we will monitor the progress of the operational risk action points on an ongoing basis. |
The calculation of economic capital for operational risk for December 31, 2004 is based on a statistical model using internal and external loss data with certain top-down adjustments. In 2005, we plan to further develop our economic capital calculation for operational risk and implement a process compatible with the advanced measurement approach under “Basel II”.
Based on the organizational set-up, the systems in place to identify and manage the operational risk and the support of control functions responsible for specific operational risk types (e.g. Compliance, Business Continuity Management) we seek to optimize operational risk. Future operational risks – identified through forward looking analysis – are managed via mitigation strategies such as the development of back-up systems and emergency plans. Where appropriate, we purchase insurance against operational risks.
Overall Risk Position
The table below shows the overall risk position of the Group at year-end 2004 and 2003 as measured by the economic capital calculated for credit, market, business and operational risk; it does not include liquidity risk.
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| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Economic capital usage in€ m. | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | | Dec 31, 2003 | | |
| | | | | |
| Credit risk | | | | 5,971 | | | | 7,363 | | |
| | | | | |
| Market risk | | | | 5,476 | | | | 5,912 | | |
| Trading market risk | | | | 1,581 | | | | 972 | | |
| Nontrading market risk | | | | 3,895 | | | | 4,940 | | |
| | | | | |
| Diversification benefit across credit and market risk | | | | (870 | ) | | | (1,152 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Sub-total credit and market risk | | | | 10,577 | | | | 12,123 | | |
| | | | | |
| Business risk | | | | 381 | | | | 1,117 | | |
| | | | | |
| Operational risk | | | | 2,243 | | | | 2,282 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total economic capital usage | | | | 13,201 | | | | 15,522 | | |
| | | | | |
To determine our overall (nonregulatory) risk position, we generally add the individual economic capital estimates for the various types of risk. When aggregating credit and market risk, however, we consider the diversification benefit across these risk types, which we estimate as€ 870 million as of December 31, 2004 and€ 1.2 billion as of December 31, 2003. The diversification benefit across all risk types has not yet been calculated.
On December 31, 2004 our economic capital usage totaled€ 13.2 billion, which is€ 2.3 billion or 15% below the€ 15.5 billion economic capital usage as of December 31, 2003.
The reduction in credit risk economic capital primarily reflects the overall reduction in our lending-related credit exposures as well as the improved credit quality of our loan book. The reduction in total market risk economic capital is mainly caused by the decrease in nontrading market risk from alternative assets as well as lower risk from industrial holdings, which was partially offset by the increase in trading market risk economic capital. However, a substantial part of the increase in trading market risk economic capital is related to our refined stress testing parameterization introduced in 2004. Applying the previously implemented parameters to year-end 2004 data on a pro forma basis leads to a year-on-year increase in trading market risk economic capital of€ 0.2 billion compared to the€ 0.6 billion increase shown in the table. The reduction in business risk economic capital reflects an improved market outlook and our increasing ability to adjust costs in a market downturn.
The allocation of economic capital may change from time to time to reflect refinements in our risk measurement methodology.
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Item 12: Description of Securities other than
Equity Securities
Not required because this document is filed as an annual report.
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PART II
Item 13: Defaults, Dividend Arrearages
and Delinquencies
Not applicable.
Item 14: Material Modifications to the Rights of
Security Holders and Use of Proceeds
Not applicable.
Item 15: Controls and Procedures
An evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of December 31, 2004.
A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. As such, disclosure controls and procedures or systems for internal control over financial reporting may not prevent all error and all fraud. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and any design may not succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, control may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.
Based upon the evaluation referred to above, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded, subject to the limitations noted above, that the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2004.
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation referred to above that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2004 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 16A: Audit Committee Financial Expert
Our Supervisory Board has determined that the following members of its Audit Committee are “audit committee financial experts”, as such term is defined by the regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission issued pursuant to Section 407 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002: Dr. rer.oec. Karl-Hermann Baumann, Dr. Rolf-E. Breuer and Dr. Karl-Gerhard Eick. For a description of the experience
142
of such persons, please see “Item 6: Directors, Senior Management and Employees – Supervisory Board.”
Item 16B: Code of Ethics
In response to Section 406 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, we have adopted a code of ethics that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions. A copy of this code of ethics is available on our Internet website at http://www.deutsche-bank.com/corporate-governance. There have been no amendments or waivers to this code of ethics since its adoption. Information regarding any future amendments or waivers will be published on the aforementioned website.
Item 16C: Principal Accountant Fees and Services
In accordance with German law, our principal accountants are appointed by our Annual General Meeting based on a recommendation of our Supervisory Board. The Audit Committee of our Supervisory Board prepares the board’s recommendation on the selection of the principal accountants. Subsequent to the principal accountants’ appointment, the Audit Committee awards the contract and in its sole authority approves the terms and scope of the audit and all audit engagement fees as well as monitors the principal accountants’ independence. At our 2003 and 2004 Annual General Meetings, our shareholders appointed KPMG Deutsche Treuhand-Gesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft, which had been our principal accountants for a number of years, as our principal accountants for the 2003 and 2004 fiscal years, respectively.
The table set forth below contains the aggregate fees billed for each of the last two fiscal years by our principal accountants in each of the following categories: (i) Audit Fees, which are fees for professional services for the audit of our annual financial statements or services that are normally provided by the accountant in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements for those fiscal years, (ii) Audit-Related Fees, which are fees for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our financial statements and are not reported as Audit Fees, (iii) Tax Fees, which are fees for professional services rendered for tax compliance, tax consulting and tax planning, and (iv) All Other Fees, which are fees for products and services other than Audit Fees, Audit- Related Fees and Tax Fees. These amounts exclude expenses and VAT.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Fee category in€ m. | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | |
| | | | | |
| Audit Fees | | | | 40 | | | | 32 | | |
| | | | | |
| Audit-Related Fees | | | | 6 | | | | 12 | | |
| | | | | |
| Tax Fees | | | | 15 | | | | 8 | | |
| | | | | |
| All Other Fees | | | | – | | | | 1 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total Fees | | | | 61 | | | | 53 | | |
| | | | | |
Our Audit-Related Fees included fees for accounting advisory, due diligence relating to actual or contemplated acquisitions and dispositions, attestation engagements and other agreed-upon procedure engagements. Our Tax Fees included fees for services relating to the preparation and review of tax returns and related compliance assistance and advice, tax consultation and advice relating to Group tax planning strategies and initiatives and assistance with assessing compliance with tax regulations. Our Other Fees were incurred for project-related advisory services.
United States law and regulations in effect since May 6, 2003, and our own policies, generally require all engagements of our principal accountants be pre-approved by our Audit Committee or pursuant to policies and procedures adopted by it. Our Audit Committee has adopted the following policies and procedures for consideration and approval of requests to engage our principal accountants to perform non-audited services. Engagement requests must in the first instance be submitted to our
143
Group Finance Committee, whose members consist of our Chief Financial Officer and senior members of our Controlling and Tax departments. If the request relates to services that would impair the independence of our principal accountants, the request must be rejected. Our Audit Committee has given its pre-approval for specified assurance, financial advisory and tax services, provided the expected fees for any such service do not exceed€ 1 million. If the engagement request relates to such specified pre-approved services, it may be approved by the Group Finance Committee, which must thereafter report such approval to the Audit Committee. If the engagement request relates neither to prohibited non-audit services nor to pre-approved non-audit services, it must be forwarded by the Group Finance Committee to the Audit Committee for consideration. In addition, to facilitate the consideration of engagement requests between its meetings, the Audit Committee has delegated approval authority to several of its members who are “independent” as defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission and the New York Stock Exchange. Such members are required to report any approvals made by them to the Audit Committee at its next meeting.
Additionally, United States law and regulations in effect since May 6, 2003 permit the pre-approval requirement to be waived with respect to engagements for non-audit services aggregating no more than five percent of the total amount of revenues we paid to our principal accountants, if such engagements were not recognized by us at the time of engagement and were promptly brought to the attention of our Audit Committee or a designated member thereof and approved prior to the completion of the audit. In each of 2003 and 2004, the percentage of the total amount of revenue we paid to our principal accountants represented by non-audit services in each category that were subject to such a waiver was less than 5%.
Item 16E: Purchases of Equity Securities by the
Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
In 2004, we repurchased an aggregate of 67,238,436 of our ordinary shares pursuant to two publicly announced share buy-back programs. The first program was announced on September 4, 2003 and was completed by June 28, 2004. Pursuant to this program, a total of 58,185,424 shares were repurchased (17,098,988 in 2003 and 41,086,436 in 2004) at an average price of€ 64.67, for a total aggregate consideration of€ 3.76 billion. Of these shares, 38,000,000 were cancelled in 2004 and the bulk of the remainder was used in connection with our share-based employee compensation plans. The second program, pursuant to which up to 45,513,988 shares may be repurchased through November 30, 2005, was announced on June 30, 2004. As of December 31, 2004, we had purchased a total of 26,152,000 shares pursuant to this program at an average price of€ 59.02, for a total consideration of€ 1.54 billion. This program is still in progress.
In addition to these share buy-back programs, pursuant to shareholder authorizations approved at our 2003 and 2004 Annual General Meetings, we are authorized to buy and sell, for the purpose of securities trading, our ordinary shares through November 30, 2005, provided that the net number of shares we have acquired for this purpose and held at the close of any trading day may not exceed 5% of our share capital on that day. The gross volume of these securities trading transactions is often large, and even the net amount of such repurchases or sales may, in a given month, be large, though over longer periods of time such transactions tend to offset and are in any event constrained by the 5% of share capital limit. These securities trading transactions consist predominantly of transactions on major non-U.S. securities exchanges. We also enter into derivative contracts with respect to our shares. See Notes [18] and [31] of our consolidated financial statements.
The following table sets forth, for each month in 2004 and for the year as a whole, the total gross number of our shares repurchased by us and our affiliated purchasers (pursuant to both the share buy-back programs noted above and the securities trading activities described above), the total gross number of shares sold, the net number of shares purchased or sold, the average price paid per share (based on the gross shares repurchased), the number of shares that were purchased as part of the two publicly announced share buy-back programs mentioned above and the maximum number of shares that at that date remained eligible for purchase under such programs.
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Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities in 2004
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | Total number of | | | Total number of | | | Net number of | | | Average price | | | Number of shares | | | Maximum number | | |
| | | shares purchased | | | shares sold | | | shares purchased | | | paid per share | | | purchased as part | | | of shares that | | |
| | | | | | | | | or (sold) | | | (in€) | | | of publicly | | | may yet be | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | announced plans | | | purchased under | | |
| Month | | | | | | | | | | | | | | or programs | | | plans or programs | | |
| | |
| January | | | 18,929,272 | | | | 16,197,163 | | | | 2,732,109 | | | | 64.21 | | | | 2,792,000 | | | | 38,294,436 | | |
| | |
| February | | | 55,663,161 | | | | 69,693,278 | | | | (14,030,117 | ) | | | 66.44 | | | | 4,840,000 | | | | 33,454,436 | | |
| | |
| March | | | 40,329,202 | | | | 36,134,581 | | | | 4,194,621 | | | | 70.38 | | | | 4,349,000 | | | | 29,105,436 | | |
| | |
| April | | | 45,784,289 | | | | 35,801,565 | | | | 9,982,724 | | | | 70.60 | | | | 10,202,000 | | | | 18,903,436 | | |
| | |
| May | | | 73,020,635 | | | | 62,394,548 | | | | 10,626,087 | | | | 66.34 | | | | 10,032,000 | | | | 8,871,436 | | |
| | |
| June | | | 90,343,021 | | | | 120,641,069 | | | | (30,298,048 | ) | | | 65.58 | | | | 8,871,436 | | | | 45,513,988 | | |
| | |
| July | | | 51,582,318 | | | | 53,112,258 | | | | (1,529,940 | ) | | | 61.66 | | | | 5,082,000 | | | | 40,431,988 | | |
| | |
| August | | | 64,180,555 | | | | 49,435,054 | | | | 14,745,501 | | | | 55.64 | | | | 7,314,000 | | | | 33,117,988 | | |
| | |
| September | | | 22,567,123 | | | | 19,523,428 | | | | 3,043,695 | | | | 58.65 | | | | 3,691,000 | | | | 29,426,988 | | |
| | |
| October | | | 21,862,259 | | | | 17,230,931 | | | | 4,631,328 | | | | 59.62 | | | | 4,226,000 | | | | 25,200,988 | | |
| | |
| November | | | 25,856,303 | | | | 22,001,682 | | | | 3,854,621 | | | | 63.15 | | | | 3,768,000 | | | | 21,432,988 | | |
| | |
| December | | | 26,265,692 | | | | 24,410,783 | | | | 1,854,909 | | | | 64.96 | | | | 2,071,000 | | | | 19,361,988 | | |
| | |
| Total 2004 | | | 536,383,830 | | | | 526,576,340 | | | | 9,807,490 | | | | 64,27 | | | | 67,238,436 | | | | 19,361,988 | | |
| | |
At December 31, 2003, our issued share capital consisted of 581,854,246 ordinary shares, of which 565,077,163 were outstanding and 16,777,083 were held by us in treasury. At December 31, 2004, our issued share capital consisted of 543,854,246 ordinary shares, of which 517,269,673 were outstanding and 26,584,573 were held by us in treasury. The reduction in our issued shares was the result of the cancellation of 38,000,000 shares, as described above. The reduction in our outstanding shares was the result of such cancellation and net purchases pursuant to our share buy-back programs and securities trading authority of 9,807,490 shares.
145
PART III
Item 17: Financial Statements
Not applicable.
Item 18: Financial Statements
See our consolidated financial statements beginning on page F-3, which we incorporate by reference into this document.
Item 19: Exhibits
We have filed the following documents as exhibits to this document.
| | | | |
| | |
| Exhibit Number | | Description of Exhibit | |
| | |
| 1.1 | | English translation of the Articles of Association of Deutsche Bank AG, furnished as part of our report on Form 6-K, dated August 10, 2004, which is incorporated by reference herein. | |
| | |
| 2.1 | | The total amount of long-term debt securities of us or our subsidiaries authorized under any instrument does not exceed 10 percent of the total assets of our Group on a consolidated basis. We hereby agree to furnish to the Commission, upon its request, a copy of any instrument defining the rights of holders of long-term debt of us or of our subsidiaries for which consolidated or unconsolidated financial statements are required to be filed. | |
| | |
| 4.1 | | English Translation of Form of Service Agreement of Members of the Board of Managing Directors of Deutsche Bank AG | |
| | |
| 4.2 | | Individual Terms of Service Agreements of Members of the Board of Managing Directors of Deutsche Bank AG | |
| | |
| 4.3 | | Global Partnership Plan – Equity Units Plan Rules | |
| | |
| 4.4 | | Global Partnership Plan – Performance Options and Partnership Appreciation Rights Plan Rules | |
| | |
| 8.1 | | List of Subsidiaries. | |
| | |
| 12.1 | | Principal Executive Officer Certifications Required by 17 C.F.R. 240.13a-14(a). | |
| | |
| 12.2 | | Principal Financial Officer Certifications Required by 17 C.F.R. 240.13a-14(a). | |
| | |
| 13.1 | | Chief Executive Officer Certification Required by 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. | |
| | |
| 13.2 | | Chief Financial Officer Certification Required by 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. | |
| | |
| 14.1 | | Legal Opinion regarding confidentiality of related party customers | |
| | |
| 15.1 | | Consent of KPMG Deutsche Treuhand-Gesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft. | |
| | |
146
Signatures
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.
Date: March 24, 2005
| | | | |
| Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft | |
| /s/ DR. JOSEF ACKERMANN | |
| Dr. Josef Ackermann | |
| Spokesman of the Board of Managing Directors | |
|
| | |
| /s/ DR. CLEMENS BÖRSIG | |
| Dr. Clemens Börsig | |
| Member of the Board of Managing Directors Chief Financial Officer | |
147
Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
| | | | |
| | Page | |
| | | | |
| | | F-2 | |
| | | | |
Consolidated Financial Statements: | | | | |
| | | | |
| | | F-3 | |
| | | | |
| | | F-4 | |
| | | | |
| | | F-5 | |
| | | | |
| | | F-6 | |
| | | | |
| | | F-7 | |
| | | | |
| | | F-8 | |
F-1
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Supervisory Board of
Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2004 and 2003, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2004. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2004 and 2003, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2004, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
As discussed in Note [2] to the consolidated financial statements, the Company adopted FASB Interpretation No. 46, “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities” and Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 150, “Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of both Liabilities and Equity” during 2003 and Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” effective January 1, 2002.
KPMG Deutsche Treuhand-Gesellschaft
Aktiengesellschaft Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft
Frankfurt am Main (Germany)
March 16, 2005
F-2
Consolidated Statement of Income
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m., except per share data | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | | |
| | | | | |
| Net interest revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Interest revenues | | | | 28,023 | | | | 27,583 | | | | 35,781 | | |
| | | | | |
| Interest expense | | | | 22,841 | | | | 21,736 | | | | 28,595 | | |
| | | | | |
| Net interest revenues | | | | 5,182 | | | | 5,847 | | | | 7,186 | | |
| | | | | |
| Provision for loan losses | | | | 372 | | | | 1,113 | | | | 2,091 | | |
| | | | | |
| Net interest revenues after provision for loan losses | | | | 4,810 | | | | 4,734 | | | | 5,095 | | |
| | | | | |
| Noninterest revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Commissions and fees from fiduciary activities | | | | 3,211 | | | | 3,273 | | | | 3,926 | | |
| | | | | |
| Commissions, broker’s fees, markups on securities underwriting and other securities activities | | | | 3,711 | | | | 3,564 | | | | 4,319 | | |
| | | | | |
| Fees for other customer services | | | | 2,584 | | | | 2,495 | | | | 2,589 | | |
| | | | | |
| Insurance premiums | | | | 123 | | | | 112 | | | | 744 | | |
| | | | | |
| Trading revenues, net | | | | 6,186 | | | | 5,611 | | | | 4,024 | | |
| | | | | |
| Net gains on securities available for sale | | | | 235 | | | | 20 | | | | 3,523 | | |
| | | | | |
| Net income (loss) from equity method investments | | | | 388 | | | | (422 | ) | | | (887 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Other revenues | | | | 298 | | | | 768 | | | | 1,123 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total noninterest revenues | | | | 16,736 | | | | 15,421 | | | | 19,361 | | |
| | | | | |
| Noninterest expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Compensation and benefits | | | | 10,222 | | | | 10,495 | | | | 11,358 | | |
| | | | | |
| Net occupancy expense of premises | | | | 1,258 | | | | 1,251 | | | | 1,291 | | |
| | | | | |
| Furniture and equipment | | | | 178 | | | | 193 | | | | 230 | | |
| | | | | |
| IT costs | | | | 1,726 | | | | 1,913 | | | | 2,188 | | |
| | | | | |
| Agency and other professional service fees | | | | 824 | | | | 836 | | | | 1,001 | | |
| | | | | |
| Communication and data services | | | | 599 | | | | 626 | | | | 792 | | |
| | | | | |
| Policyholder benefits and claims | | | | 260 | | | | 110 | | | | 759 | | |
| | | | | |
| Other expenses | | | | 2,031 | | | | 1,890 | | | | 2,643 | | |
| | | | | |
| Goodwill impairment/impairment of intangibles | | | | 19 | | | | 114 | | | | 62 | | |
| | | | | |
| Restructuring activities | | | | 400 | | | | (29 | ) | | | 583 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total noninterest expenses | | | | 17,517 | | | | 17,399 | | | | 20,907 | | |
| | | | | |
| Income before income tax expense and cumulative effect of accounting changes | | | | 4,029 | | | | 2,756 | | | | 3,549 | | |
| | | | | |
| Income tax expense | | | | 1,437 | | | | 1,327 | | | | 372 | | |
| | | | | |
| Reversal of 1999/2000 credits for tax rate changes | | | | 120 | | | | 215 | | | | 2,817 | | |
| | | | | |
| Income before cumulative effect of accounting changes, net of tax | | | | 2,472 | | | | 1,214 | | | | 360 | | |
| | | | | |
| Cumulative effect of accounting changes, net of tax | | | | – | | | | 151 | | | | 37 | | |
| | | | | |
| Net income | | | | 2,472 | | | | 1,365 | | | | 397 | | |
| | | | | |
| Earnings per common share (in€) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Basic | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Income before cumulative effect of accounting changes, net of tax | | | | 5.02 | | | | 2.17 | | | | 0.58 | | |
| Cumulative effect of accounting changes, net of tax | | | | – | | | | 0.27 | | | | 0.06 | | |
| Net income | | | | 5.02 | | | | 2.44 | | | | 0.64 | | |
| Diluted | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Income before cumulative effect of accounting changes, net of tax | | | | 4.53 | | | | 2.06 | | | | 0.57 | | |
| Cumulative effect of accounting changes, net of tax | | | | – | | | | 0.25 | | | | 0.06 | | |
| Net income | | | | 4.53 | | | | 2.31 | | | | 0.63 | | |
| | | | | |
| Cash dividends declared per common share | | | | 1.50 | | | | 1.30 | | | | 1.30 | | |
| | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-3
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | | |
| | | | | |
| Net income | | | | 2,472 | | | | 1,365 | | | | 397 | | |
| | | | | |
| Other comprehensive income (loss): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Reversal of 1999/2000 credits for tax rate changes | | | | 120 | | | | 215 | | | | 2,817 | | |
| | | | | |
| Unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Unrealized net gains (losses) arising during the year, net of tax and other1 | | | | 12 | | | | 1,619 | | | | (5,596 | ) | |
| Net reclassification adjustment for realized net (gains) losses, net of applicable tax and other2 | | | | (189 | ) | | | 162 | | | | (3,527 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Unrealized net gains (losses) on derivatives hedging variability of cash flows, net of tax3 | | | | 40 | | | | (4 | ) | | | 2 | | |
| | | | | |
| Minimum pension liability, net of tax4 | | | | (1 | ) | | | 8 | | | | (8 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Foreign currency translation: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Unrealized net losses arising during the year, net of tax5 | | | | (719 | ) | | | (936 | ) | | | (1,602 | ) | |
| Net reclassification adjustment for realized net gains, net of tax6 | | | | – | | | | (54 | ) | | | – | | |
| | | | | |
| Total other comprehensive income (loss) | | | | (737 | ) | | | 1,010 | | | | (7,914 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Comprehensive income (loss) | | | | 1,735 | | | | 2,375 | | | | (7,517 | ) | |
| | | | | |
1 | | Amounts are net of income tax expense (benefit) of€ 131 million,€ 38 million and€ (69) million for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively, and adjustments to insurance policyholder liabilities and deferred acquisition costs of€ 19 million,€ 4 million and€ (230) million for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. |
|
2 | | Amounts are net of applicable income tax expense of€ 40 million,€ 41 million and€ 15 million for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively, and adjustments to insurance policyholder liabilities and deferred acquisition costs of€ 6 million,€ (10) million and€ 110 million for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. |
|
3 | | Amount is net of an income tax expense of€ 7 million for the year ended December 31, 2004, an income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2003, and an income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2002. |
|
4 | | Amount is net of income tax expense (benefit) of€ (1) million,€ 3 million and€ (3) million for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. |
|
5 | | Amounts are net of an income tax expense of€ 53 million,€ 70 million and€ 26 million for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. |
|
6 | | Amount is net of an income tax expense (benefit) of€ 4 million and€ (5) million for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively. |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-4
Consolidated Balance Sheet
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. (except nominal value) | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | | Dec 31, 2003 | | |
| | | | | |
| Assets | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Cash and due from banks | | | | 7,579 | | | | 6,636 | | |
| | | | | |
| Interest-earning deposits with banks | | | | 18,089 | | | | 14,649 | | |
| | | | | |
| Central bank funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements | | | | 123,921 | | | | 112,419 | | |
| | | | | |
| Securities borrowed | | | | 65,630 | | | | 72,796 | | |
| | | | | |
| Trading assets | | | | | | | | | | |
| of which€ 104 billion and€ 107 billion were pledged to creditors and can be sold or repledged at December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively | | | | 373,147 | | | | 345,371 | | |
| | | | | |
| Securities available for sale | | | | | | | | | | |
| of which€ 18 million and€ 404 million were pledged to creditors and can be sold or repledged at December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively | | | | 20,335 | | | | 24,631 | | |
| | | | | |
| Other investments | | | | 7,936 | | | | 8,570 | | |
| | | | | |
| Loans, net | | | | 136,344 | | | | 144,946 | | |
| | | | | |
| Premises and equipment, net | | | | 5,225 | | | | 5,786 | | |
| | | | | |
| Goodwill | | | | 6,378 | | | | 6,735 | | |
| | | | | |
| Other intangible assets, net | | | | 1,069 | | | | 1,122 | | |
| | | | | |
| Other assets related to insurance business | | | | 6,733 | | | | 8,249 | | |
| | | | | |
| Other assets | | | | 67,682 | | | | 51,704 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total assets | | | | 840,068 | | | | 803,614 | | |
| | | | | |
| Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Deposits | | | | 329,469 | | | | 306,154 | | |
| | | | | |
| Trading liabilities | | | | 169,606 | | | | 153,234 | | |
| | | | | |
| Central bank funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements | | | | 105,292 | | | | 102,433 | | |
| | | | | |
| Securities loaned | | | | 12,881 | | | | 14,817 | | |
| | | | | |
| Other short-term borrowings | | | | 20,118 | | | | 22,290 | | |
| | | | | |
| Insurance policy claims and reserves | | | | 7,935 | | | | 9,071 | | |
| | | | | |
| Other liabilities | | | | 58,935 | | | | 67,623 | | |
| | | | | |
| Long-term debt | | | | 106,870 | | | | 97,480 | | |
| | | | | |
| Obligation to purchase common shares | | | | 3,058 | | | | 2,310 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total liabilities | | | | 814,164 | | | | 775,412 | | |
| | | | | |
| Commitments and contingent liabilities (Notes [11], [31], [35]) | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Shareholders’ equity | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Common shares, no par value, nominal value of€ 2.56 | | | | | | | | | | |
| Issued: 2004, 543.9 million shares; 2003, 581.9 million shares | | | | 1,392 | | | | 1,490 | | |
| | | | | |
| Additional paid-in capital | | | | 11,147 | | | | 11,147 | | |
| | | | | |
| Retained earnings | | | | 19,814 | | | | 20,486 | | |
| | | | | |
| Common shares in treasury, at cost: | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2004, 26.6 million shares; 2003, 16.8 million shares | | | | (1,573 | ) | | | (971 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Equity classified as obligation to purchase common shares | | | | (3,058 | ) | | | (2,310 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Share awards | | | | 1,513 | | | | 954 | | |
| | | | | |
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | | | | | | | | | | |
| Deferred tax on unrealized net gains on securities available for sale relating to 1999 and 2000 tax rate changes in Germany | | | | (2,708 | ) | | | (2,828 | ) | |
| Unrealized net gains on securities available for sale, net of applicable tax and other | | | | 1,760 | | | | 1,937 | | |
| Unrealized net gains (losses) on derivatives hedging variability of cash flows, net of tax | | | | 37 | | | | (3 | ) | |
| Minimum pension liability, net of tax | | | | (1 | ) | | | – | | |
| Foreign currency translation, net of tax | | | | (2,419 | ) | | | (1,700 | ) | |
| Total accumulated other comprehensive loss | | | | (3,331 | ) | | | (2,594 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Total shareholders’ equity | | | | 25,904 | | | | 28,202 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | | | | 840,068 | | | | 803,614 | | |
| | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-5
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | | |
| | | | | |
| Common shares | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Balance, beginning of year | | | | 1,490 | | | | 1,592 | | | | 1,591 | | |
| Common shares distributed under employee benefit plans | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 1 | | |
| Retirement of common shares | | | | (98 | ) | | | (102 | ) | | | – | | |
| Balance, end of year | | | | 1,392 | | | | 1,490 | | | | 1,592 | | |
| | | | | |
| Additional paid-in capital | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Balance, beginning of year | | | | 11,147 | | | | 11,199 | | | | 11,253 | | |
| Common shares distributed under employee benefit plans | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 21 | | |
| Net losses on treasury shares sold | | | | – | | | | (36 | ) | | | (129 | ) | |
| Other | | | | – | | | | (16 | ) | | | 54 | | |
| Balance, end of year | | | | 11,147 | | | | 11,147 | | | | 11,199 | | |
| | | | | |
| Retained earnings | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Balance, beginning of year | | | | 20,486 | | | | 22,087 | | | | 22,619 | | |
| Net income | | | | 2,472 | | | | 1,365 | | | | 397 | | |
| Cash dividends declared and paid | | | | (828 | ) | | | (756 | ) | | | (800 | ) | |
| Dividend related to equity classified as obligation to purchase common shares | | | | 96 | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| Net gains (losses) on treasury shares sold | | | | 66 | | | | (386 | ) | | | – | | |
| Retirement of common shares | | | | (2,472 | ) | | | (1,801 | ) | | | – | | |
| Other | | | | (6 | ) | | | (23 | ) | | | (129 | ) | |
| Balance, end of year | | | | 19,814 | | | | 20,486 | | | | 22,087 | | |
| | | | | |
| Common shares in treasury, at cost | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Balance, beginning of year | | | | (971 | ) | | | (1,960 | ) | | | (479 | ) | |
| Purchases of shares | | | | (34,471 | ) | | | (25,464 | ) | | | (30,755 | ) | |
| Sale of shares | | | | 30,798 | | | | 23,903 | | | | 28,441 | | |
| Retirement of shares | | | | 2,570 | | | | 1,903 | | | | – | | |
| Treasury shares distributed under employee benefit plans | | | | 501 | | | | 647 | | | | 833 | | |
| Balance, end of year | | | | (1,573 | ) | | | (971 | ) | | | (1,960 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Equity classified as obligation to purchase common shares | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Balance, beginning of year | | | | (2,310 | ) | | | (278 | ) | | | – | | |
| Additions | | | | (1,241 | ) | | | (2,911 | ) | | | (330 | ) | |
| Deductions | | | | 493 | | | | 879 | | | | 52 | | |
| Balance, end of year | | | | (3,058 | ) | | | (2,310 | ) | | | (278 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Share awards – common shares issuable | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Balance, beginning of year | | | | 2,196 | | | | 1,955 | | | | 1,666 | | |
| Deferred share awards granted, net | | | | 1,270 | | | | 888 | | | | 1,098 | | |
| Deferred shares distributed | | | | (501 | ) | | | (647 | ) | | | (809 | ) | |
| Balance, end of year | | | | 2,965 | | | | 2,196 | | | | 1,955 | | |
| | | | | |
| Share awards – deferred compensation | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Balance, beginning of year | | | | (1,242 | ) | | | (1,000 | ) | | | (767 | ) | |
| Deferred share awards granted, net | | | | (1,270 | ) | | | (888 | ) | | | (1,098 | ) | |
| Amortization of deferred compensation, net | | | | 1,060 | | | | 646 | | | | 865 | | |
| Balance, end of year | | | | (1,452 | ) | | | (1,242 | ) | | | (1,000 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Balance, beginning of year | | | | (2,594 | ) | | | (3,604 | ) | | | 4,310 | | |
| Reversal of 1999/2000 credits for tax rate changes | | | | 120 | | | | 215 | | | | 2,817 | | |
| Change in unrealized net gains on securities available for sale, net of applicable tax and other | | | | (177 | ) | | | 1,781 | | | | (9,123 | ) | |
| Change in unrealized net gains/losses on derivatives hedging variability of cash flows, net of tax | | | | 40 | | | | (4 | ) | | | 2 | | |
| Change in minimum pension liability, net of tax | | | | (1 | ) | | | 8 | | | | (8 | ) | |
| Foreign currency translation, net of tax | | | | (719 | ) | | | (990 | ) | | | (1,602 | ) | |
| Balance, end of year | | | | (3,331 | ) | | | (2,594 | ) | | | (3,604 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Total shareholders’ equity, end of year | | | | 25,904 | | | | 28,202 | | | | 29,991 | | |
| | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-6
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | | |
| | | | | |
| Cash flows from operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Net income | | | | 2,472 | | | | 1,365 | | | | 397 | | |
| | | | | |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Provision for loan losses | | | | 372 | | | | 1,113 | | | | 2,091 | | |
| Restructuring activities | | | | 400 | | | | (29 | ) | | | 583 | | |
| Gain on sale of securities available for sale, other investments, loans and other | | | | (476 | ) | | | (201 | ) | | | (4,928 | ) | |
| Deferred income taxes, net | | | | 838 | | | | 269 | | | | 2,480 | | |
| Impairment, depreciation and other amortization and accretion | | | | 1,776 | | | | 3,072 | | | | 2,845 | | |
| Cumulative effect of accounting changes, net of tax | | | | – | | | | (151 | ) | | | (37 | ) | |
| Share of net loss (income) from equity method investments | | | | (282 | ) | | | (42 | ) | | | 753 | | |
| | | | | |
| Net change in: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Trading assets | | | | (42,461 | ) | | | (37,624 | ) | | | (4,071 | ) | |
| Other assets | | | | (15,566 | ) | | | (7,452 | ) | | | 8,627 | | |
| Trading liabilities | | | | 16,380 | | | | 22,719 | | | | 11,412 | | |
| Other liabilities | | | | 5,914 | | | | 8,095 | | | | (20,639 | ) | |
| Other, net | | | | 682 | | | | 47 | | | | (296 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Net cash used in operating activities | | | | (29,951 | ) | | | (8,819 | ) | | | (783 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Cash flows from investing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Net change in: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest-earning deposits with banks | | | | (4,573 | ) | | | 11,305 | | | | 7,800 | | |
| Central bank funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements | | | | (11,679 | ) | | | 5,378 | | | | (14,004 | ) | |
| Securities borrowed | | | | 7,166 | | | | (35,226 | ) | | | 2,749 | | |
| Loans | | | | 2,908 | | | | 22,610 | | | | 16,395 | | |
| | | | | |
| Proceeds from: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Sale of securities available for sale | | | | 21,145 | | | | 13,620 | | | | 25,835 | | |
| Maturities of securities available for sale | | | | 3,560 | | | | 7,511 | | | | 7,731 | | |
| Sale of other investments | | | | 2,081 | | | | 2,068 | | | | 5,089 | | |
| Sale of loans | | | | 10,463 | | | | 6,882 | | | | 2,747 | | |
| Sale of premises and equipment | | | | 451 | | | | 2,628 | | | | 717 | | |
| | | | | |
| Purchase of: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Securities available for sale | | | | (25,201 | ) | | | (19,942 | ) | | | (22,464 | ) | |
| Other investments | | | | (1,200 | ) | | | (2,141 | ) | | | (4,474 | ) | |
| Loans | | | | (4,950 | ) | | | (9,030 | ) | | | (2,364 | ) | |
| Premises and equipment | | | | (792 | ) | | | (991 | ) | | | (1,696 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Net cash received (paid) for business combinations/divestitures | | | | (223 | ) | | | 2,469 | | | | (1,110 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Other, net | | | | 116 | | | | 327 | | | | 687 | | |
| | | | | |
| Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | | | | (728 | ) | | | 7,468 | | | | 23,638 | | |
| | | | | |
| Cash flows from financing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Net change in: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Deposits | | | | 23,347 | | | | (21,423 | ) | | | (41,278 | ) | |
| Securities loaned and central bank funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements | | | | 923 | | | | 17,751 | | | | 7,603 | | |
| Other short-term borrowings | | | | 3,399 | | | | (4,303 | ) | | | 274 | | |
| | | | | |
| Issuances of long-term debt and trust preferred securities | | | | 34,463 | | | | 43,191 | | | | 40,245 | | |
| | | | | |
| Repayments and extinguishments of long-term debt and trust preferred securities | | | | (25,773 | ) | | | (32,366 | ) | | | (27,201 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Issuances of common shares | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 73 | | |
| | | | | |
| Purchases of treasury shares | | | | (34,471 | ) | | | (25,464 | ) | | | (30,755 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Sale of treasury shares | | | | 30,850 | | | | 23,389 | | | | 28,665 | | |
| | | | | |
| Cash dividends paid | | | | (828 | ) | | | (756 | ) | | | (800 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Other, net | | | | 12 | | | | (37 | ) | | | (455 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | | | | 31,922 | | | | (18 | ) | | | (23,629 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Net effect of exchange rate changes on cash and due from banks | | | | (300 | ) | | | (974 | ) | | | (635 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and due from banks | | | | 943 | | | | (2,343 | ) | | | (1,409 | ) | |
| Cash and due from banks, beginning of the year | | | | 6,636 | | | | 8,979 | | | | 10,388 | | |
| Cash and due from banks, end of the year | | | | 7,579 | | | | 6,636 | | | | 8,979 | | |
| | | | | |
| Interest paid | | | | 22,411 | | | | 22,612 | | | | 31,349 | | |
| Income taxes paid, net | | | | 199 | | | | 911 | | | | 408 | | |
| Noncash investing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Transfer from available for sale securities to trading assets | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| Transfer from trading assets to available for sale securities | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
[1] Significant Accounting Policies
Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft (“Deutsche Bank” or the “Parent”) is a stock corporation organized under the laws of the Federal Republic of Germany. Deutsche Bank together with all entities in which Deutsche Bank has a controlling financial interest (the “Group”) is a global provider of a full range of corporate and investment banking, private clients and asset management products and services. For a discussion of the Group’s business segment information, see Note [28].
The accompanying consolidated financial statements are stated in euros and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions regarding the fair valuation of certain financial assets and liabilities, the allowance for loan losses, the impairment of assets other than loans, the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, legal, regulatory and tax contingencies, as well as other matters. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the balance sheet date, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from management’s estimates. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.
The following is a description of the significant accounting policies of the Group.
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include Deutsche Bank together with all entities in which Deutsche Bank has a controlling financial interest. The Group consolidates entities in which it has a majority voting interest when the entity is controlled through substantive voting equity interests and the equity investors bear the residual economic risks of the entity. The Group consolidates those entities that do not meet these criteria when the Group absorbs a majority of the entity’s expected losses, or if no party absorbs a majority of the expected losses, when the Group receives a majority of the entity’s expected residual returns.
Notwithstanding the above, certain securitization vehicles (commonly known as qualifying special purpose entities) are not consolidated if they are distinct from and not controlled by the entities that transferred the assets into the vehicle, and their activities are legally prescribed, significantly limited from inception, and meet certain restrictions regarding the assets they can hold and the circumstances in which those assets can be sold.
For consolidated guaranteed value mutual funds, in which the Group has only minor equity interests, the obligation to pass the net revenues of these funds to the investors is reported in other liabilities, with a corresponding charge to other revenues.
Prior to January 1, 2003, the Group consolidated all majority-owned subsidiaries as well as special purpose entities that the Group was deemed to control or from which the Group retained the majority of the risks and rewards. Qualifying special purpose entities were not consolidated.
All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. Issuances of a subsidiary’s stock to third parties are treated as capital transactions.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized when it is realized or realizable, and earned. This concept is applied to the key revenue generating activities of the Group as follows:
Net interest revenues –Interest from interest-bearing assets and liabilities is recognized on an accrual basis over the life of the asset or liability based on the constant effective yield reflected in the terms of the contract and any related net deferred fees, premiums, discounts or debt issuance costs. See the “Loans” section of this footnote for more specific information regarding interest from loans.
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Valuation of assets and liabilities –Certain assets and liabilities are required to be revalued each period end and the offset to the change in the carrying amount is recognized as revenue. These include assets and liabilities held for trading purposes, certain derivatives held for nontrading purposes, loans held for sale, and investments accounted for under the equity method. In addition, assets are revalued to recognize impairment losses within revenues when certain criteria are met. See the discussions in the “Trading Assets and Liabilities, and Securities Available for Sale”, “Derivatives”, “Other Investments”, “Allowances for Credit Losses”, “Loans Held for Sale”, and “Impairment” sections of this footnote for more detailed explanations of the valuation methods used and the methods for determining impairment losses for the various types of assets involved.
Fees and commissions –Revenue from the various services the Group performs are recognized when the following criteria are met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the services have been rendered, the fee or commission is fixed or determinable, and collectibility is reasonably assured. Incentive fee revenues from investment advisory services are recognized at the end of the contract period when the incentive contingencies have been resolved.
Sales of assets –Gains and losses from sales of assets result primarily from sales of financial assets in monetary exchanges, which include sales of trading assets, securities available for sale, other investments, and loans. In addition, the Group records revenue from sales of nonfinancial assets such as real estate, subsidiaries and other assets.
To the extent assets are exchanged for beneficial or ownership interests in those same assets, the exchange is not considered a sale and no gain or loss is recorded. Otherwise, gains and losses on exchanges of financial assets that are held at fair value, and gains on financial assets not held at fair value, are recorded when the Group has surrendered control of those financial assets. Gains on exchanges of nonfinancial assets are recorded once the sale has been closed or consummated, except when the Group maintains certain types of continuing involvement with the asset sold, in which case the gains are deferred. Losses from sales of nonfinancial assets and financial assets not held at fair value are recognized once the asset is deemed held for sale.
Gains and losses from monetary exchanges are calculated as the difference between the book value of the assets given up and the fair value of the proceeds received and liabilities incurred. Gains or losses from nonmonetary exchanges are calculated as the difference between the book value of the assets given up and the fair value of the assets given up and liabilities incurred as part of the transaction, except that the fair value of the assets received is used if it is more readily determinable.
Multiple-deliverable arrangements –In circumstances where the Group contracts to provide multiple products, services or rights to a counterparty, an evaluation is made as to whether separate revenue recognition events have occurred. This evaluation considers the stand-alone value of items already delivered, the verifiability of the fair value of items not yet delivered and, if there is a right of return on delivered items, the probability of delivery of remaining undelivered items.
If it is determined that separation is appropriate, the consideration received is allocated based on the relative fair value of each item, unless there is no objective and reliable evidence of the fair value of the delivered item or an individual item is required to be recognized at fair value according to other U.S. GAAP requirements, in which case the residual method is used.
Foreign Currency Translation
Assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than an entity’s functional currency are translated into its functional currency using the period-end exchange rates, and the resulting transaction gains and losses are reported in trading revenues. Foreign currency revenues, expenses, gains, and losses are recorded at the exchange rate at the dates recognized.
Gains and losses resulting from translating the financial statements of net investments in foreign operations into the reporting currency of the parent entity are reported, net of any hedge and tax effects, in accumulated other comprehensive income within shareholders’ equity. Revenues, expenses, gains and losses are translated at the exchange rates at the dates on which those elements are recognized, either individually or by using an appropriately weighted average exchange rate for the period. Assets and liabilities are translated at the period end rate.
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Reverse Repurchase and Repurchase Agreements
Securities purchased under resale agreements (“reverse repurchase agreements”) and securities sold under agreements to repurchase (“repurchase agreements”) are treated as collateralized financings and are carried at the amount of cash disbursed and received, respectively. The party disbursing the cash takes possession of the securities serving as collateral for the financing. Securities purchased under resale agreements consist primarily of OECD country sovereign bonds or sovereign guaranteed bonds. Securities owned and pledged as collateral under repurchase agreements in which the counterparty has the right by contract or custom to sell or repledge the collateral are disclosed on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
The Group monitors the fair value of the securities received or delivered. For securities purchased under resale agreements, the Group requests additional securities or the return of a portion of the cash disbursed when appropriate in response to a decline in the market value of the securities received. Similarly, the return of excess securities or additional cash is requested when appropriate in response to an increase in the market value of securities sold under repurchase agreements. The Group offsets reverse repurchase and repurchase agreements with the same counterparty under master netting agreements when they have the same maturity date and meet certain other criteria regarding settlement and transfer mechanisms. Interest earned on reverse repurchase agreements and interest incurred on repurchase agreements are reported as interest revenues and interest expense, respectively.
Securities Borrowed and Securities Loaned
Securities borrowed and securities loaned are recorded at the amount of cash advanced or received. Securities borrowed transactions generally require the Group to deposit cash with the securities lender. In a securities loaned transaction, the Group generally receives either cash collateral, in an amount equal to or in excess of the market value of securities loaned, or securities. If the securities received may be sold or repledged, they are accounted for as trading assets and a corresponding liability to return the security is recorded. The Group monitors the fair value of securities borrowed and securities loaned and additional collateral is obtained, if necessary. Fees received or paid are reported in interest revenues and interest expense, respectively. Securities owned and pledged as collateral under securities lending agreements in which the counterparty has the right by contract or custom to sell or repledge the collateral are disclosed on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Trading Assets and Liabilities, and Securities Available for Sale
The Group designates debt and marketable equity securities as either held for trading purposes or available for sale at the date of acquisition.
Trading assets and trading liabilities are carried at their fair values and related realized and unrealized gains and losses are included in trading revenues.
Securities available for sale are carried at fair value with the changes in fair value reported in accumulated other comprehensive income within shareholders’ equity unless the security is subject to a fair value hedge, in which case changes in fair value resulting from the risk being hedged are recorded in other revenues. The amounts reported in other comprehensive income are net of deferred income taxes and adjustments to insurance policyholder liabilities and deferred acquisition costs.
Declines in fair value of securities available for sale below their amortized cost that are deemed to be other than temporary and realized gains and losses are reported in the Consolidated Statement of Income in net gains on securities available for sale. The amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts are recorded in net interest revenues. Generally, the weighted-average cost method is used to determine the cost of securities sold.
Fair value is based on quoted market prices, price quotes from brokers or dealers, or estimates based upon discounted expected cash flows.
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Derivatives
All freestanding contracts that are considered derivatives for accounting purposes are carried at fair value in the balance sheet regardless of whether they are held for trading or nontrading purposes. Derivative features embedded in other contracts that meet certain criteria are also measured at fair value. Fair values for derivatives are based on quoted market prices, discounted cash flow analysis, comparison to similar observable market transactions, or pricing models that take into account current market and contractual prices of the underlying instruments as well as time value and yield curve or volatility factors underlying the positions. Fair values also take into account expected market risks, modeling risks, administrative costs and credit considerations. Derivative assets and liabilities arising from contracts with the same counterparty that are covered by qualifying and legally enforceable master netting agreements are reported on a net basis.
The Group enters into various contracts for trading purposes, including swaps, futures contracts, forward commitments, options and other similar types of contracts and commitments based on interest and foreign exchange rates, equity and commodity prices, and credit risk. The Group also makes commitments to originate mortgage loans that will be held for sale. Such positions are considered derivatives and are carried at their fair values as either trading assets or trading liabilities, and related gains and losses are included in trading revenues. At the inception of a derivative transaction, trading profit is recognized if the fair value of the derivative is obtained from a quoted market price, supported by comparison to observable prices of other current market transactions or supported by other observable data used in the valuation technique. When the fair value of a derivative is not based upon observable market data, the Group defers any trade date profit or loss. This deferral is recognized when the transaction becomes observable, the Group enters into an offsetting transaction that substantially eliminates the derivative’s risk, or using a rational method such as over the life of the transaction.
Derivative features embedded in other nontrading contracts are measured separately at fair value when they are not clearly and closely related to the host contract and meet the definition of a derivative. Unless designated as a hedge, changes in the fair value of such an embedded derivative are reported in trading revenues. The carrying amount is reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheet with the host contract.
Certain derivatives entered into for nontrading purposes, not qualifying for hedge accounting, that are otherwise effective in offsetting the effect of transactions on noninterest revenues and expenses are recorded in other assets or other liabilities with changes in fair value recorded in the same noninterest revenues and expense captions affected by the transaction being offset. The changes in fair value of all other derivatives not qualifying for hedge accounting are recorded in trading revenues.
For accounting purposes there are three possible types of hedges, each of which is accounted for differently: (1) hedges of the changes in fair value of assets, liabilities or firm commitments (fair value hedges), (2) hedges of the variability of future cash flows from forecasted transactions and floating rate assets and liabilities (cash flow hedges), and (3) hedges of the translation adjustments resulting from translating the financial statements of net investments in foreign operations into the reporting currency of the parent. Hedge accounting, as described in the following paragraphs, is applied for each of these types of hedges, if the hedge is properly documented at inception and the hedge is highly effective in offsetting changes in fair value, variability of cash flows, or the translation effects of net investments in foreign operations.
For hedges of changes in fair value, the changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability due to the risk being hedged are recognized in earnings along with changes in the entire fair value of the derivative. When hedging interest rate risk, for both the derivative and the hedged item any interest accrued or paid is reported in interest revenue or expense and the unrealized gains and losses from the fair value adjustments are reported in other revenues. When hedging the foreign exchange risk in an available-for-sale security, the fair value adjustments related to the foreign exchange exposures are also recorded in other revenues. Hedge ineffectiveness is reported in other revenues and is measured as the net effect of the fair value adjustments made to the derivative and the hedged item arising from changes in the market rate or price related to the risk being hedged.
If a hedge of changes in fair value is canceled because the derivative is terminated or dedesignated, any remaining interest rate-related fair value adjustment made to the carrying amount of a
F-11
hedged debt instrument is amortized to interest revenue or expense over the remaining life of the hedged item. For other types of fair value adjustments or whenever the hedged asset or liability is sold or terminated, any basis adjustments are included in the calculation of the gain or loss on sale or termination.
For hedges of the variability of cash flows, there is no special accounting for the hedged item and the derivative is carried at fair value with changes in value reported initially in other comprehensive income to the extent the hedge is effective. These amounts initially recorded in other comprehensive income are subsequently reclassified into earnings in the same periods during which the forecasted transaction affects earnings. Thus, for hedges of interest rate risk the amounts are amortized into interest revenues or expense along with the interest accruals on the hedged transaction. When hedging the foreign exchange risk in an available-for-sale security, the amounts resulting from foreign exchange risk are included in the calculation of the gain or loss on sale once the hedged security is sold. Hedge ineffectiveness is recorded in other revenues and is usually measured as the difference between the changes in fair value of the actual hedging derivative and a hypothetically perfect hedge.
When hedges of the variability of cash flows due to interest rate risk are canceled, amounts remaining in accumulated other comprehensive income are amortized to interest revenues or expense over the original life of the hedge. For cancellations of other types of hedges of the variability of cash flows, the related amounts accumulated in other comprehensive income are reclassified into earnings either in the same income statement caption and period as the forecasted transaction, or in other revenues when it is no longer probable that the forecasted transaction will occur.
For hedges of the translation adjustments resulting from translating the financial statements of net investments in foreign operations into the reporting currency of the parent, the portion of the change in fair value of the derivative due to changes in the spot foreign exchange rate is recorded as a foreign currency translation adjustment in other comprehensive income to the extent the hedge is effective; and the remainder is recorded as other revenues.
Hedging derivatives are reported as other assets and other liabilities and any derivative dedesignated as a hedging derivative is transferred to trading assets and liabilities and marked to market with changes in fair value recognized in trading revenues. For any hedging derivative that is terminated, the difference between the derivative’s carrying amount and the cash paid or received is recognized as other revenues.
Other Investments
Other investments include investments accounted for under the equity method, holdings of designated consolidated investment companies, and other nonmarketable equity interests and investments in venture capital companies.
The equity method of accounting is applied to investments when the Group does not have a controlling financial interest, but has the ability to significantly influence operating and financial policies of the investee. Generally, this is when the Group has an investment between 20% and 50% of the voting stock of a corporation or 3% or more of limited partnership interests. Other factors that are considered in determining whether the Group has significant influence include representation on the board of directors (supervisory board in the case of German stock corporations) and material intercompany transactions.
Under equity method accounting, the pro-rata share of the investee’s income or loss, on a U.S. GAAP basis, as well as disposition gains and losses and charges for other-than-temporary impairments, are included in net income from equity method investments. Equity method losses in excess of the Group’s carrying amount of the investment in the enterprise are charged against other assets held by the Group related to the investee. The difference between the Group’s cost and its proportional underlying equity in net assets of the investee at the date of investment (“equity method goodwill”) is subject to impairment reviews in conjunction with the reviews of the overall investment.
Investments held by designated investment companies that are consolidated are included in other investments, as they are primarily nonmarketable equity securities, and are carried at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in other revenues.
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Other nonmarketable equity investments and investments in venture capital companies, in which the Group does not have a controlling financial interest or significant influence, are included in other investments and carried at historical cost, net of declines in fair value below cost that are deemed to be other than temporary. Gains and losses upon sale or impairment are included in other revenues.
Loans
Loans are presented on the balance sheet at their outstanding unpaid principal balances net of charge-offs, unamortized premiums or discounts, deferred fees and costs on originated loans and the allowance for loan losses. Interest revenues are accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Net deferred fees and premiums or discounts are recorded as an adjustment of the yield (interest revenues) over the contractual lives of the related loans. Loan commitment fees related to those commitments that are not accounted for as derivatives are recognized in fees for other customer services over the life of the commitment. Loan commitments that are accounted for as derivatives are carried at fair value.
Loans are placed on nonaccrual status if either the loan has been in default as to payment of principal or interest for 90 days or more and the loan is neither well secured nor in the process of collection; or the loan is not yet 90 days past due, but in the judgment of management the accrual of interest should be ceased before 90 days because it is probable that all contractual payments of interest and principal will not be collected. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, any accrued but unpaid interest previously recorded is reversed against current period interest revenues. Cash receipts of interest on nonaccrual loans are recorded as either interest revenues or a reduction of principal according to management’s judgment as to the collectibility of principal. Accrual of interest is resumed only once the loan is current as to all contractual payments due and the loan is not impaired.
Leasing Transactions
Lease financing transactions, which include direct financing and leveraged leases, in which a Group entity is the lessor are classified as loans. Unearned income is amortized to interest revenues over the lease term using the interest method. Capital leases in which a Group entity is the lessee are capitalized as assets and reported in premises and equipment.
Allowances for Credit Losses
The allowances for credit losses represent management’s estimate of probable losses that have occurred in the loan portfolio and other lending-related commitments as of the date of the consolidated financial statements. The allowance for loan losses is reported as a reduction of loans and the allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments is reported in other liabilities.
To allow management to determine the appropriate level of the allowance for loan losses, all significant counterparty relationships are reviewed periodically, as are loans under special supervision, such as impaired loans. Smaller-balance standardized homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment. This review encompasses current information and events related to the counterparty, such as past due status and collateral recovery values, as well as industry, geographic, economic, political, and other environmental factors. This process results in an allowance for loan losses which consists of a specific loss component and an inherent loss component.
The specific loss component represents the allowance for impaired loans. Impaired loans represent loans for which, based on current information and events, management believes it is probable that the Group will not be able to collect all principal and interest amounts due in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement. The specific loss component of the allowance is measured by the excess of the recorded investment in the loan, including accrued interest, over either the present value of expected future cash flows, the fair value of the underlying collateral or the market price of the loan. Impaired loans are generally placed on nonaccrual status.
The inherent loss component is principally for all other loans not deemed to be impaired, but that, on a portfolio basis, are believed to have some inherent loss which is probable of having occurred and is reasonably estimable. The inherent loss component consists of a country risk allowance for transfer and currency convertibility risks for loan exposures in countries where there are serious doubts about the ability of counterparties to comply with the repayment terms due to the economic or political situa-
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tion prevailing in the respective country of domicile; a smaller-balance standardized homogeneous loan loss allowance for loans to individuals and small business customers of the private and retail business, and an other inherent loss allowance. The other inherent loss allowance represents an estimate of losses inherent in the portfolio that have not yet been individually identified and reflects the imprecisions and uncertainties in estimating the loan loss allowance. This estimate of inherent losses excludes those exposures that have already been considered when establishing the allowance for smaller-balance standardized homogeneous loans.
Amounts determined to be uncollectible are charged to the allowance. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. The provision for loan losses, which is charged to income, is the amount necessary to adjust the allowance to the level determined through the process described above.
The allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments, which is established through charges to other expenses, is determined using the same measurement techniques as the allowance for loan losses.
Loans Held for Sale
Loans held for sale are accounted for at the lower of cost or market on an individual basis and are reported as other assets. Origination fees and direct costs are deferred until the related loans are sold and are included in the determination of the gains or losses upon sale, which are reported in other revenues. Valuation adjustments related to loans held for sale are reported in other assets and other revenues, and are not included in the allowance for credit losses nor the provision for loan losses.
Asset Securitizations
When the Group transfers financial assets to securitization vehicles, it may retain one or more subordinated tranches, cash reserve accounts, or in some cases, servicing rights or interest-only strips, all of which are retained interests in the securitized assets. The amount of the gain or loss on transfers accounted for as sales depends in part on the previous carrying amounts of the financial assets involved in the transfer, allocated between the assets sold and the retained interests based on their relative fair values at the date of transfer. Retained interests other than servicing rights are classified as trading assets, securities available for sale or other assets depending on the nature of the retained interest and management intent. Servicing rights are classified in intangible assets, carried at the lower of the allocated basis or current fair value and amortized in proportion to and over the period of net servicing revenue.
To obtain fair values, quoted market prices are used if available. However, for securities representing retained interests from securitizations of financial assets, quotes are often not available, so the Group generally estimates fair value based on the present value of future expected cash flows using management’s best estimates of the key assumptions (loan losses, prepayment speeds, forward yield curves, and discount rates) commensurate with the risks involved. Interest revenues on retained interests are recognized using the effective yield method.
Premises and Equipment
Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is generally computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The range of estimated useful lives is 25 to 50 years for premises and 3 to 10 years for furniture and equipment. Leasehold improvements are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the term of the lease or the estimated useful life of the improvement, which generally ranges from 3 to 15 years. Depreciation of premises is included in net occupancy expense of premises, while depreciation of equipment is included in furniture and equipment expense and IT costs, as applicable. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense and improvements are capitalized. Gains and losses on dispositions are reflected in other revenues.
Leased properties meeting certain criteria are capitalized as assets in premises and equipment and depreciated over the terms of the leases.
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Eligible costs related to software developed or obtained for internal use are capitalized and depreciated using the straight-line method over a period of 3 to 5 years. Eligible costs include external direct costs for materials and services, as well as payroll and payroll-related costs for employees directly associated with an internal-use software project. Overhead, as well as costs incurred during planning or after the software are ready for use, is expensed as incurred.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill, which represents the excess of the cost of an acquired entity over the fair value of net assets acquired at the date of acquisition, is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances, such as an adverse change in business climate, indicate that the goodwill may be impaired. Mortgage and other loan servicing rights are carried at the lower of cost or current fair value and amortized in proportion to and over the estimated period of net servicing revenue. Other intangible assets that have a finite useful life are amortized over a period of 3 to 15 years; other intangible assets that have an indefinite useful life, primarily investment management agreements related to retail mutual funds, are not amortized. These assets are tested for impairment and their useful lives are reaffirmed at least annually.
Obligation to Purchase Common Shares
Forward purchases of equity shares of a consolidated Group company are reported as obligation to purchase common shares if the number of shares is fixed and physical settlement is required. At inception the obligation is recorded at the fair value of the shares, which is equal to the present value of the settlement amount of the forward. For forward purchases of Deutsche Bank shares, a corresponding charge is made to shareholders’ equity and reported as equity classified as obligation to purchase common shares. For forward purchases of minority interest shares, a corresponding reduction to other liabilities is made.
The liability is accounted for on an accrual basis if the purchase price for the shares is fixed, and interest costs on the liability are reported as interest expense. Deutsche Bank common shares subject to such contracts are not considered to be outstanding for purposes of earnings per share calculations. Upon settlement of such forward purchases the liability is extinguished whereas the charge to equity remains but is reclassified to common shares in treasury.
Prior to July 1, 2003, written put options on equity shares of a consolidated Group company that met certain settlement criteria were also reported as obligation to purchase common shares. Beginning July 1, 2003, such written put options are reported as derivatives.
Impairment
Securities available for sale, equity method and direct investments (including investments in venture capital companies and nonmarketable equity securities), and unguaranteed lease residuals are subject to impairment reviews. An impairment charge is recorded if a decline in fair value below the asset’s amortized cost or carrying value, depending on the nature of the asset, is deemed to be other than temporary.
Other intangible assets with finite useful lives and premises and equipment are also subject to impairment reviews if a change in circumstances indicates that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If estimated undiscounted cash flows relating to an asset held and used are less than its carrying amount, an impairment charge is recorded to the extent the fair value of the asset is less than its carrying amount. For an asset to be disposed of by sale, a loss is recorded based on the lower of the asset’s carrying value or fair value less cost to sell. An asset to be disposed of other than by sale is considered held and used and accounted for as such until it is disposed of.
Goodwill and other intangible assets which are not amortized are tested for impairment at least annually and an impairment charge is recorded to the extent the fair market value of the asset is less than its carrying amount.
F-15
Expense Recognition
Direct and incremental costs related to underwriting and advisory services and origination of loans are deferred and recognized together with the related revenue. Loan origination costs are netted against loan origination fees and are amortized to interest revenue over the contractual life of the related loans. Other operating costs, including advertising costs, are recognized as incurred.
Income Taxes
The Group recognizes the current and deferred tax consequences of all transactions that have been recognized in the consolidated financial statements using the provisions of the appropriate jurisdictions’ tax laws. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, net operating loss carry-forwards and tax credits. The amount of deferred tax assets is reduced by a valuation allowance, if necessary, to the amount that, based on available evidence, management believes will more likely than not be realized.
Deferred tax liabilities and assets are adjusted for the effect of changes in tax laws and rates in the period that includes the enactment date.
Share-Based Compensation
Effective as of January 1, 2003, the Group adopted the fair-value-based method prospectively for all employee awards granted, modified or settled after January 1, 2003. Under the fair-value-based method, compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the share-based award. The fair values of stock option awards are estimated using a Black-Scholes option pricing model. For share awards, the fair value is the quoted market price of the share reduced by the present value of the expected dividends that will not be received by the employee and adjusted for the effect, if any, of restrictions beyond the vesting date. Prior to January 1, 2003, the Group accounted for its share awards under the intrinsic-value-based method of accounting. Under this method, compensation expense is the excess, if any, of the quoted market price of the shares at grant date or other measurement date over the amount an employee must pay, if any, to acquire the shares.
The following table illustrates what the effect on net income and earnings per common share would have been if the Group had applied the fair value method to all share-based awards.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | | Dec 31, 2003 | | | Dec 31, 2002 | | |
| | | | | |
| Net income, as reported | | | | 2,472 | | | | 1,365 | | | | 397 | | |
| | | | | |
| Add: Share-based compensation expense included in reported net income, net of related tax effects | | | | 696 | | | | 433 | | | | 228 | | |
| | | | | |
| Deduct: Share-based compensation expense determined under fair value method for all awards, net of related tax effects | | | | (698 | ) | | | (346 | ) | | | (478 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Pro forma net income | | | | 2,470 | | | | 1,452 | | | | 147 | | |
| | | | | |
| in€ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Earnings per share: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Basic – as reported | | | | 5.02 | | | | 2.44 | | | | 0.64 | | |
| Basic – pro forma | | | | 5.02 | | | | 2.60 | | | | 0.24 | | |
| Diluted – as reported | | | | 4.53 | | | | 2.31 | | | | 0.63 | | |
| Diluted – pro forma | | | | 4.53 | | | | 2.46 | | | | 0.23 | | |
| | | | | |
The Group records its obligations under outstanding deferred share awards and stock option awards in shareholders’ equity as share awards – common shares issuable. The related deferred compensation is also included in shareholders’ equity. These items are classified in shareholders’ equity based on the Group’s intent to settle these awards with its common shares. Compensation expense is recorded on a straight-line basis over the period in which employees perform services to which the awards relate. Compensation expense is reversed in the period an award is forfeited. Compensation expense for share-based awards payable in cash is remeasured based on the underlying share price changes and the related obligations are included in other liabilities until paid.
See Note [20] for additional information on specific award provisions and the fair values and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair values of options.
F-16
Comprehensive Income
Comprehensive income is defined as the change in equity of an entity excluding transactions with shareholders such as the issuance of common or preferred shares, payment of dividends and purchase of treasury shares. Comprehensive income has two major components: net income, as reported in the Consolidated Statement of Income, and other comprehensive income as reported in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income. Other comprehensive income includes such items as unrealized gains and losses from translating net investments in foreign operations net of related hedge effects, unrealized gains and losses from changes in fair value of securities available for sale, net of deferred income taxes and the related adjustments to insurance policyholder liabilities and deferred acquisition costs, minimum pension liability, and the effective portions of realized and unrealized gains and losses from derivatives used as cash flow hedges, less amounts reclassified to earnings in combination with the hedged items. Comprehensive income does not include changes in the fair value of nonmarketable equity securities, traditional credit products and other assets generally carried at cost.
Statement of Cash Flows
For purposes of the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows, the Group’s cash and cash equivalents are cash and due from banks.
Insurance Activities
Insurance Premiums
For the unit-linked business, insurance premiums consist of calculated charges for management services and mortality risk. Insurance premiums from long duration life and participating life insurance contracts are recorded when due from policyholders.
Deferred Acquisition Costs
Acquisition costs that vary with and are primarily related to the acquisition of new and renewed insurance contracts, principally commissions, certain underwriting and agency expenses and the costs of issuing policies, are deferred to the extent that they are recoverable from future earnings. Deferred acquisition costs for nonlife insurance business are amortized over the premium-paying period of the related policies. Deferred acquisition costs for life business are generally amortized over the life of the insurance contract or at a constant rate based upon the present value of estimated gross profits or estimated gross margins expected to be realized. Deferred acquisition costs are reported in other assets related to insurance business.
Unit-Linked Business
Reserves for unit-linked business represent funds for which the investment risk is borne by, and the investment income and investment gains and losses accrue directly to, the contract holders. Reserves for unit-linked business are reported as insurance policy claims and reserves. The assets related to these accounts are legally segregated and are not subject to claims that arise out of any other business of the Group. The separate account assets are carried at fair value as other assets related to insurance business. Deposits received under unit-linked business have been reduced for amounts assessed for management services and risk premiums. Deposits, net investment income, realized and unrealized investment gains and losses for these accounts are excluded from revenues and related liability increases are excluded from expenses.
Other Insurance Policy Claims and Reserves
In addition to the reserve for unit-linked business, the liability for insurance policy claims and reserves includes benefit reserves and other insurance policy provisions and liabilities.
Benefit reserves for life insurance, annuities and health policies are computed based upon mortality, morbidity, persistency and interest rate assumptions applicable to these coverages, including provisions for adverse deviation. These assumptions consider Group experience and industry standards and may be revised if it is determined that future experience will differ substantially from those previously assumed.
F-17
Reserves for participating life insurance contracts include provisions for terminal dividends. Unrealized holding gains and losses from investments are included in benefit reserves to the extent that the policyholders will participate in such gains and losses once realized on the basis of statutory or contractual regulations. In determining insurance reserves, the Group performs a continuing review of its overall position, its reserving techniques and possible recoveries. Since the reserves are based on estimates, the ultimate liability may be more or less than carried reserves. The effects of changes in such estimated reserves are included in earnings in the period in which the estimates are changed. Other insurance provisions and liabilities primarily represents liabilities for self-insured risks.
[2] Cumulative Effect of Accounting Changes
SFAS 150
Effective July 1, 2003, the Group adopted SFAS No. 150, “Accounting for Certain Instruments with Characteristics of Both Liabilities and Equity” (“SFAS 150”). SFAS 150 requires that an entity classify as liabilities (or assets in some circumstances) certain financial instruments with characteristics of both liabilities and equity. SFAS 150 applies to certain freestanding financial instruments that embody an obligation for the entity and that may require the entity to issue shares, or redeem or repurchase its shares.
SFAS 150 changed the accounting for outstanding forward purchases of approximately 52 million Deutsche Bank common shares with a weighted-average strike price of€ 56.17 which were entered into to satisfy obligations under employee share-based compensation awards. The Group recognized an after-tax gain of€ 11 million, net of€ 5 million tax expense, as a cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle as these contracts were adjusted to fair value upon adoption of SFAS 150. The contracts were then amended effective July 1, 2003, to allow for physical settlement only. This resulted in a charge to shareholders’ equity of€ 2.9 billion and the establishment of a corresponding liability classified as obligation to purchase common shares. Settlements of the forward contracts during 2003 reduced the obligation to purchase common shares to€ 2.3 billion at December 31, 2003. Since July 1, 2003, the costs of these contracts have been recorded as interest expense instead of as a direct reduction of shareholders’ equity.
The accounting for physically settled forward contracts reduces shareholders’ equity, which effectively results in the shares being accounted for as if retired or in treasury even though the shares are still outstanding. As such, SFAS 150 also requires that the number of outstanding shares associated with physically settled forward purchase contracts be removed from the denominator in computing basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS). The number of weighted average shares deemed no longer outstanding for EPS purposes for the year ended December 31, 2003, related to the forward purchase contracts described above was 23 million shares.
FIN 46 and FIN 46(R) (Revised December 2003)
FASB Interpretation No. 46, “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities” (“FIN 46”) was issued in January 2003. FIN 46 requires a company to consolidate entities as the primary beneficiary if the equity investment at risk is not sufficient for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties or if the equity investors lack essential characteristics of a controlling financial interest. Securitization vehicles that are qualifying special purpose entities are excluded from the new rule and remain unconsolidated.
The Interpretation was effective immediately for entities established after January 31, 2003, and for interests obtained in variable interest entities after that date. For variable interest entities created before February 1, 2003, FIN 46 was originally effective for the Group on July 1, 2003. In October 2003, the FASB deferred the effective date so that, for the Group, application could be deferred for some or all such variable interest entities until December 31, 2003, pending resolution of various matters and the issuance of clarifying guidance. At July 1, 2003, the Group elected not to apply FIN 46 to a limited number of variable interest entities created before February 1, 2003, which it believed might not require consolidation at December 31, 2003. The Group applied FIN 46 to substantially all other variable inter-
F-18
est entities as of July 1, 2003. Consequently, the Group recorded a€ 140 million gain as a cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle and total assets increased by€ 18 billion. Effective December 31, 2003, the Group fully adopted FIN 46. There was no significant effect from the application of FIN 46 to those variable interest entities for which adoption occurred after July 1, 2003.
The entities consolidated as a result of applying FIN 46 were primarily multi-seller commercial paper conduits that the Group administers in the Corporate and Investment Bank Group Division, and mutual funds offered by the Private Clients and Asset Management Group Division for which the Group guarantees the value of units investors purchase.
Upon adoption at July 1, 2003,€ 12 billion of the increase in total assets was due to the consolidation of the multi-seller commercial paper conduits. In the latter half of 2003, certain of these conduits with total assets of€ 4 billion were restructured and accordingly deconsolidated.
The beneficial interests of the investors in the guaranteed value mutual funds were reported as other liabilities and totaled€ 15 billion at December 31, 2003. The assets of the funds consisted primarily of trading assets in the amount of€ 13 billion at December 31, 2003. The net revenues of these funds due to investors totaled€ 115 million for the six months ended December 31, 2003. These net revenues of the funds consisted of€ 179 million of net interest revenues, negative trading revenues of€ 20 million and€ 44 million of expenses for fund administration. The obligation to pass the net revenues to the investors was recorded as an increase in the beneficial interest obligation in other liabilities and a corresponding charge to other revenues in the amount of€ 115 million for the six months ended December 31, 2003.
Certain entities were deconsolidated as a result of applying FIN 46, primarily investment vehicles and trusts associated with trust preferred securities that the Group sponsors where the investors bear the economic risks. The gain from the application of FIN 46 primarily represents the reversal of the impact on earnings of securities held by the investment vehicles that were deconsolidated.
Effective March 31, 2004, the Group adopted the revised version of FIN 46, “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an interpretation of ARB No. 51” (“FIN 46(R)”). The FASB modified FIN 46 to address certain technical corrections and implementation issues that had arisen. As a result of the adoption, total assets decreased by€ 12.5 billion due to the deconsolidation of certain guaranteed value mutual funds. The adoption did not result in a cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle, however certain offsetting revenues and charges, chiefly trading revenues, net interest revenues and charges against other revenues, are no longer reported in the consolidated statement of income beginning April 1, 2004 due to the deconsolidations.
SFAS 141 and 142
Effective January 1, 2002, the Group adopted SFAS No. 141, “Business Combinations” (“SFAS 141”) and SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” (“SFAS 142”). SFAS 141 requires that all business combinations initiated after June 30, 2001 be accounted for by the purchase method and eliminates the use of the pooling-of-interests method. Other provisions of SFAS 141 and SFAS 142 require that, as of January 1, 2002, goodwill no longer be amortized, reclassifications between goodwill and other intangible assets be made based upon certain criteria, and, once allocated to reporting units (the business segment level, or one level below), that tests for impairment of goodwill be performed at least annually. Upon adoption of the requirements of SFAS 142 as of January 1, 2002, the Group discontinued the amortization of goodwill with a net carrying amount of€ 8.7 billion. Upon adoption, the Group recognized a€ 37 million tax-free gain as a cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle from the write-off of negative goodwill and there were no reclassifications between goodwill and other intangible assets.
F-19
[3] Acquisitions and Dispositions
For the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, the Group recorded net gains on dispositions (excluding results from businesses/subsidiaries held for sale) of€ 95 million,€ 513 million and€ 755 million, respectively. The acquisitions and disposals that occurred in 2004 and 2003 had no significant impact on the Group’s total assets.
For a discussion of the Group’s most significant acquisitions and dispositions for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003 see Note [28] Business Segments and Related Information.
[4] Trading Assets and Trading Liabilities
The components of these accounts are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | | Dec 31, 2003 | | |
| | | | | |
| Trading assets: | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Bonds and other fixed-income securities | | | | 224,536 | | | | 204,324 | | |
| | | | | |
| Equity shares and other variable-yield securities | | | | 73,176 | | | | 66,306 | | |
| | | | | |
| Positive market values from derivative financial instruments1 | | | | 67,173 | | | | 65,460 | | |
| | | | | |
| Other trading assets | | | | 8,262 | | | | 9,281 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total trading assets | | | | 373,147 | | | | 345,371 | | |
| | | | | |
| Trading liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Bonds and other fixed-income securities | | | | 77,080 | | | | 66,685 | | |
| | | | | |
| Equity shares and other variable-yield securities | | | | 20,567 | | | | 25,382 | | |
| | | | | |
| Negative market values from derivative financial instruments1 | | | | 71,959 | | | | 61,167 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total trading liabilities | | | | 169,606 | | | | 153,234 | | |
| | | | | |
1 | | Derivatives under master netting agreements are shown net. |
[5] Securities Available for Sale
The fair value, amortized cost and gross unrealized holding gains and losses for the Group’s securities available for sale follow:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | |
| | | | Fair value | | | | Gross unrealized holding | | | | Amortized cost | | |
| in€ m. | | | | | | | gains | | | | losses | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Debt securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| German government | | | | 3,128 | | | | | 66 | | | | | (16 | ) | | | | 3,078 | | |
| U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agencies | | | | 1,460 | | | | | – | | | | | (2 | ) | | | | 1,462 | | |
| U.S. local (municipal) governments | | | | 1 | | | | | – | | | | | – | | | | | 1 | | |
| Other foreign governments | | | | 3,297 | | | | | 41 | | | | | (100 | ) | | | | 3,356 | | |
| Corporates | | | | 4,993 | | | | | 176 | | | | | (9 | ) | | | | 4,826 | | |
| Other asset-backed securities | | | | 6 | | | | | – | | | | | – | | | | | 6 | | |
| Mortgage backed securities, including obligations of U.S. federal agencies | | | | 41 | | | | | 2 | | | | | – | | | | | 39 | | |
| Other debt securities | | | | 770 | | | | | 1 | | | | | – | | | | | 769 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total debt securities | | | | 13,696 | | | | | 286 | | | | | (127 | ) | | | | 13,537 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Equity securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Equity shares | | | | 6,010 | | | | | 1,579 | | | | | (1 | ) | | | | 4,432 | | |
| Investment certificates and mutual funds | | | | 549 | | | | | 23 | | | | | (6 | ) | | | | 532 | | |
| Other equity securities | | | | 80 | | | | | 29 | | | | | – | | | | | 51 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total equity securities | | | | 6,639 | | | | | 1,631 | | | | | (7 | ) | | | | 5,015 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total securities available for sale | | | | 20,335 | | | | | 1,917 | | | | | (134 | ) | | | | 18,552 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
F-20
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | | Dec 31, 2003 | | |
| | | | Fair value | | | Gross unrealized holding | | | Amortized cost | | |
| in€ m. | | | | | | gains | | | losses | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Debt securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| German government | | | | 2,802 | | | | 52 | | | | (23 | ) | | | 2,773 | | |
| U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agencies | | | | 150 | | | | – | | | | (1 | ) | | | 151 | | |
| U.S. local (municipal) governments | | | | 2 | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 2 | | |
| Other foreign governments | | | | 3,294 | | | | 26 | | | | (105 | ) | | | 3,373 | | |
| Corporates | | | | 5,646 | | | | 173 | | | | (45 | ) | | | 5,518 | | |
| Other asset-backed securities | | | | 1,679 | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 1,679 | | |
| Mortgage backed securities, including obligations of U.S. federal agencies | | | | 2,708 | | | | 1 | | | | – | | | | 2,707 | | |
| Other debt securities | | | | 532 | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 532 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total debt securities | | | | 16,813 | | | | 252 | | | | (174 | ) | | | 16,735 | | |
| | | | | |
| Equity securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Equity shares | | | | 6,866 | | | | 1,868 | | | | (8 | ) | | | 5,006 | | |
| Investment certificates and mutual funds | | | | 951 | | | | 29 | | | | (10 | ) | | | 932 | | |
| Other equity securities | | | | 1 | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 1 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total equity securities | | | | 7,818 | | | | 1,897 | | | | (18 | ) | | | 5,939 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total securities available for sale | | | | 24,631 | | | | 2,149 | | | | (192 | ) | | | 22,674 | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | | Dec 31, 2002 | | |
| | | | Fair value | | | Gross unrealized holding | | | Amortized cost | | |
| 1n€ m. | | | | | | gains | | | losses | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Debt securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| German government | | | | 396 | | | | 20 | | | | – | | | | 376 | | |
| U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agencies | | | | 168 | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 168 | | |
| U.S. local (municipal) governments | | | | 2 | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 2 | | |
| Other foreign governments | | | | 2,893 | | | | 39 | | | | (18 | ) | | | 2,872 | | |
| Corporates | | | | 6,400 | | | | 231 | | | | (47 | ) | | | 6,216 | | |
| Other asset-backed securities | | | | 2,977 | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 2,977 | | |
| Mortgage backed securities, including obligations of U.S. federal agencies | | | | 164 | | | | 1 | | | | – | | | | 163 | | |
| Other debt securities | | | | 652 | | | | 1 | | | | (3 | ) | | | 654 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total debt securities | | | | 13,652 | | | | 292 | | | | (68 | ) | | | 13,428 | | |
| | | | | |
| Equity securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Equity shares | | | | 6,441 | | | | 757 | | | | (596 | ) | | | 6,280 | | |
| Investment certificates and mutual funds | | | | 1,499 | | | | 10 | | | | (55 | ) | | | 1,544 | | |
| Other equity securities | | | | 27 | | | | 16 | | | | – | | | | 11 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total equity securities | | | | 7,967 | | | | 783 | | | | (651 | ) | | | 7,835 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total securities available for sale | | | | 21,619 | | | | 1,075 | | | | (719 | ) | | | 21,263 | | |
| | | | | |
At December 31, 2004, equity shares issued by DaimlerChrysler AG with a fair value of€ 3.7 billion were the only securities of an individual issuer that exceeded 10% of the Group’s total shareholders’ equity.
F-21
The components of net gains on securities available for sale as reported in the Consolidated Statement of Income follow:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | | |
| | | | | |
| Debt securities – gross realized gains | | | | 58 | | | | 106 | | | | 149 | | |
| | | | | |
| Debt securities – gross realized losses1 | | | | (61 | ) | | | (35 | ) | | | (235 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Equity securities – gross realized gains | | | | 244 | | | | 488 | | | | 4,094 | | |
| | | | | |
| Equity securities – gross realized losses2 | | | | (6 | ) | | | (539 | ) | | | (485 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Total net gains on securities available for sale | | | | 235 | | | | 20 | | | | 3,523 | | |
| | | | | |
1 | | Includes€ 20 million,€ 7 million and€ 156 million of write-downs for other-than-temporary impairment for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. |
|
2 | | Includes€ 2 million,€ 479 million and€ 152 million of write-downs for other-than-temporary impairment for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. |
The following table shows the fair value, remaining maturities, approximate weighted-average yields (based on amortized cost) and total amortized cost by maturity distribution of the debt security components of the Group’s securities available for sale at December 31, 2004:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | Up to one year | | | More than one year | | | More than five years | | | More than ten years | | | | Total | | |
| | | | | | | | | and up to five years | | | and up to ten years | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| in€ m. | | Amount | | | Yield | | | Amount | | | Yield | | | Amount | | | Yield | | | Amount | | | Yield | | | | Amount | | | | Yield | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| German government | | | 22 | | | | 2.45 | % | | | 219 | | | | 2.77 | % | | | 388 | | | | 3.46 | % | | | 2,499 | | | | 4.17 | % | | | | 3,128 | | | | | 3.98 | % | |
| | | | | | | | |
| U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agencies | | | 1,417 | | | | 1.49 | % | | | 23 | | | | 0.17 | % | | | – | | | | – | | | | 20 | | | | 1.91 | % | | | | 1,460 | | | | | 1.48 | % | |
| | | | | | | | |
| U.S. local (municipal) governments | | | 1 | | | | 1.41 | % | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | | 1 | | | | | 1.41 | % | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Other foreign governments | | | 1,206 | | | | 5.62 | % | | | 642 | | | | 5.12 | % | | | 414 | | | | 3.80 | % | | | 1,035 | | | | 4.25 | % | | | | 3,297 | | | | | 4.85 | % | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Corporates | | | 512 | | | | 2.95 | % | | | 1,334 | | | | 3.66 | % | | | 942 | | | | 3.45 | % | | | 2,205 | | | | 5.46 | % | | | | 4,993 | | | | | 4.32 | % | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Other asset-backed securities | | | – | | | | – | | | | 6 | | | | 5.36 | % | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | | 6 | | | | | 5.36 | % | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Mortgage-backed securities, principally obligations of U.S. federal agencies | | | 7 | | | | 1.49 | % | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 34 | | | | 5.21 | % | | | | 41 | | | | | 4.61 | % | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Other debt securities | | | 2 | | | | 3.00 | % | | | 752 | | | | 2.84 | % | | | 12 | | | | 5.37 | % | | | 4 | | | | 3.31 | % | | | | 770 | | | | | 2.88 | % | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Total fair value | | | 3,167 | | | | 3.30 | % | | | 2,976 | | | | 3.67 | % | | | 1,756 | | | | 3.55 | % | | | 5,797 | | | | 4.65 | % | | | | 13,696 | | | | | 3.99 | % | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Total amortized cost | | | 3,161 | | | | | | | | 2,933 | | | | | | | | 1,696 | | | | | | | | 5,747 | | | | | | | | | 13,537 | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
The following tables show the Group’s gross unrealized losses on securities available for sale and the fair value of the related securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| December 31, 2004 | | Less than 12 months | | | 12 months or longer | | | | Total | | |
| | | Fair value | | | Unrealized | | | Fair value | | | Unrealized | | | | Fair value | | | | Unrealized | | |
| in€ m. | | | | | losses | | | | | | losses | | | | | | | | losses | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Debt securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| German government | | | – | | | | – | | | | 1,798 | | | | (16 | ) | | | | 1,798 | | | | | (16 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | |
| U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agencies | | | 83 | | | | (1 | ) | | | – | | | | (1 | ) | | | | 83 | | | | | (2 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Other foreign governments | | | 625 | | | | (1 | ) | | | 846 | | | | (99 | ) | | | | 1,471 | | | | | (100 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Corporates | | | 292 | | | | (3 | ) | | | 32 | | | | (6 | ) | | | | 324 | | | | | (9 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Total debt securities | | | 1,000 | | | | (5 | ) | | | 2,676 | | | | (122 | ) | | | | 3,676 | | | | | (127 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Equity securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Equity shares | | | 14 | | | | (1 | ) | | | – | | | | – | | | | | 14 | | | | | (1 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Investment certificates and mutual funds | | | 26 | | | | (2 | ) | | | 45 | | | | (4 | ) | | | | 71 | | | | | (6 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Total equity securities | | | 40 | | | | (3 | ) | | | 45 | | | | (4 | ) | | | | 85 | | | | | (7 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Total temporarily impaired securities | | | 1,040 | | | | (8 | ) | | | 2,721 | | | | (126 | ) | | | | 3,761 | | | | | (134 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | |
F-22
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| December 31, 2003 | | Less than 12 months | | | 12 months or longer | | | Total | | |
| | | Fair value | | | Unrealized | | | Fair value | | | Unrealized | | | Fair value | | | Unrealized | | |
| in€ m. | | | | | losses | | | | | | losses | | | | | | losses | | |
| | |
| Debt securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| German government | | | 2,802 | | | | (23 | ) | | | – | | | | – | | | | 2,802 | | | | (23 | ) | |
| | |
| U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agencies | | | 18 | | | | (1 | ) | | | – | | | | – | | | | 18 | | | | (1 | ) | |
| | |
| Other foreign governments | | | 2,191 | | | | (105 | ) | | | – | | | | – | | | | 2,191 | | | | (105 | ) | |
| | |
| Corporates | | | 1,614 | | | | (19 | ) | | | 715 | | | | (26 | ) | | | 2,329 | | | | (45 | ) | |
| | |
| Total debt securities | | | 6,625 | | | | (148 | ) | | | 715 | | | | (26 | ) | | | 7,340 | | | | (174 | ) | |
| | |
| Equity securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Equity shares | | | 9 | | | | (4 | ) | | | 96 | | | | (4 | ) | | | 105 | | | | (8 | ) | |
| | |
| Investment certificates and mutual funds | | | 66 | | | | (1 | ) | | | 71 | | | | (9 | ) | | | 137 | | | | (10 | ) | |
| | |
| Total equity securities | | | 75 | | | | (5 | ) | | | 167 | | | | (13 | ) | | | 242 | | | | (18 | ) | |
| | |
| Total temporarily impaired securities | | | 6,700 | | | | (153 | ) | | | 882 | | | | (39 | ) | | | 7,582 | | | | (192 | ) | |
| | |
The unrealized losses on investments in debt securities were primarily interest rate related. Since the Group has the intent and ability to hold these investments until a market price recovery or maturity, they are not considered other-than-temporarily impaired. The unrealized losses on investments in equity securities are attributable primarily to general market fluctuations rather than to specific adverse conditions. Based on this and our intent and ability to hold the securities until the market price recovers, these investments are not considered other-than-temporarily impaired.
[6] Other Investments
The following table summarizes the composition of other investments:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | | Dec 31, 2003 | | |
| | | | | |
| Equity method investments | | | | 5,462 | | | | 6,001 | | |
| | | | | |
| Investments held by designated investment companies | | | | 213 | | | | 181 | | |
| | | | | |
| Other equity interests | | | | 2,261 | | | | 2,388 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total other investments | | | | 7,936 | | | | 8,570 | | |
| | | | | |
Equity Method Investments
The Group’s pro-rata share of the investees’ income or loss determined on a U.S. GAAP basis were profits of€ 282 million and of€ 42 million for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively and a loss of€ 753 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 . In addition, write-offs for other-than-temporary impairments of€ 16 million,€ 617 million and€ 305 million for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively, were included in net income (loss) from equity method investments.
Loans to equity method investees, trading assets related to these investees as well as debt securities available for sale issued by these investees amounted to€ 3.7 billion and€ 5.1 billion at December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively. At December 31, 2004, loans totaling€ 26 million to three equity method investees were on nonaccrual status. At December 31, 2003, loans totaling€ 115 million to three equity method investees were on nonaccrual status. The Group issued a financial guarantee to EUROHYPO AG protecting it against losses on loans contributed by the Group when EUROHYPO AG was created in 2002. The guarantee which had an initial maximum amount of€ 283 million is still in force with an unutilized amount of€ 51 million as of December 31, 2004.
F-23
At December 31, 2004, the following investees were significant, representing 75% of the carrying value of equity method investments:
Significant Equity Method Investments
| | | | | | |
| | |
| Investment | | Ownership | | |
| | |
| Arrow Property Investments Limited, London | | | 46.18 | % | |
| | |
| Atradius N.V., Amsterdam1 | | | 33.89 | % | |
| | |
| Blackrock US Low Duration Bond Fund, Drinagh | | | 22.47 | % | |
| | |
| Deutsche European Partners IV, London | | | 25.01 | % | |
| | |
| Deutsche Interhotel Holding GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin | | | 45.51 | % | |
| | |
| DWS Euro-Bonds (Long) | | | 20.17 | % | |
| | |
| EUROHYPO AG, Eschborn | | | 37.72 | % | |
| | |
| Fondo Piramide Globale, Milan | | | 42.33 | % | |
| | |
| LSV Value Equity Fund, Kansas City | | | 25.01 | % | |
| | |
| My Travel Group Plc, Manchester | | | 23.00 | % | |
| | |
| RREEF America REIT III, Inc., Chicago | | | 10.00 | % | |
| | |
| Santorini Investments Limited Partnership, Edinburgh2 | | | 51.00 | % | |
| | |
| Silver Creek Long/Short Ltd., Georgetown | | | 27.27 | % | |
| | |
| Silver Creek Low Vol. Strategies Ltd., Georgetown | | | 25.07 | % | |
| | |
| UFG Ltd., Douglas | | | 40.00 | % | |
| | |
1 | | Formerly, Gerling NCM Credit and Finance AG, Köln. |
|
2 | | The Group does not have a controlling financial interest in this investee. |
The following table provides a summary of the aggregated statement of income (on a U.S. GAAP basis) of the Group’s aforementioned significant investees (excluding EUROHYPO AG, which is considered on an individual basis below), and is not indicative of the Group’s proportionate share of any respective line item.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | | |
| | | | | |
| Interest revenues, and commissions and fees, net | | | | 183 | | | | 51 | | | | 64 | | |
| | | | | |
| Trading revenues, net | | | | 92 | | | | 360 | | | | (548 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Gross profits on sales and net income from insurance business | | | | 910 | | | | 644 | | | | 1,015 | | |
| | | | | |
| Income from other investments and gains on securities available for sale, net | | | | 52 | | | | (96 | ) | | | 10 | | |
| | | | | |
| Other revenues | | | | 83 | | | | 78 | | | | 69 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total revenues | | | | 1,320 | | | | 1,037 | | | | 610 | | |
| | | | | |
| Provision for loan losses | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | | | | |
| Compensation and benefits | | | | 26 | | | | 27 | | | | 25 | | |
| | | | | |
| Other expenses | | | | 1,444 | | | | 2,026 | | | | 1,249 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total expenses | | | | 1,470 | | | | 2,053 | | | | 1,274 | | |
| | | | | |
| (Loss) before income tax expense and cumulated effects of accounting changes and other | | | | (150 | ) | | | (1,016 | ) | | | (664 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Income tax expense | | | | 24 | | | | 17 | | | | 8 | | |
| | | | | |
| Cumulated effect of accounting changes and other | | | | (1 | ) | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | | | | |
| Net (loss) | | | | (175 | ) | | | (1,033 | ) | | | (672 | ) | |
| | | | | |
F-24
The following table provides a summary of the aggregated balance sheet (on a U.S. GAAP basis) of the Group’s aforementioned significant investees (excluding EUROHYPO AG, which is considered on an individual basis below), and is not indicative of the Group’s proportionate share of any respective line item.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | | Dec 31, 2003 | | |
| | | | | |
| Assets | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Cash, deposits with banks and receivables | | | | 3,857 | | | | 3,241 | | |
| | | | | |
| Trading assets | | | | 457 | | | | 488 | | |
| | | | | |
| Securities available for sale and other investments | | | | 2,522 | | | | 2,459 | | |
| | | | | |
| Loans, net | | | | – | | | | 1 | | |
| | | | | |
| Property, plant, equipment and inventories | | | | 1,175 | | | | 1,284 | | |
| | | | | |
| Goodwill and other intangible assets | | | | 322 | | | | 509 | | |
| | | | | |
| Other assets | | | | 805 | | | | 776 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total assets | | | | 9,138 | | | | 8,758 | | |
| | | | | |
| Liabilities and equity | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Notes payable to banks | | | | 750 | | | | 850 | | |
| | | | | |
| Deposits received from customers | | | | 107 | | | | 124 | | |
| | | | | |
| Long-term liabilities | | | | 2,082 | | | | 1,742 | | |
| | | | | |
| Other liabilities and provisions | | | | 4,236 | | | | 3,752 | | |
| | | | | |
| Minority interest | | | | 5 | | | | 4 | | |
| | | | | |
| Capital and reserves | | | | 2,166 | | | | 3,280 | | |
| | | | | |
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | | | | (33 | ) | | | 39 | | |
| | | | | |
| (Loss) of the reporting period | | | | (175 | ) | | | (1,033 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Total liabilities and equity | | | | 9,138 | | | | 8,758 | | |
| | | | | |
EUROHYPO AG
The Group’s equity method investment in EUROHYPO AG is considered to be significant on an individual basis.
The following table provides a summary of EUROHYPO AG’s consolidated statement of income according to German GAAP for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001. Financial statements are not yet publicly available for the year ended December 31, 2004.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | 2003 | | | 2002 | | | 2001 | | |
| | |
| Net interest, commission and investment income | | | 1,333 | | | | 1,167 | | | | 1,166 | | |
| | |
| Other operating income | | | 30 | | | | 63 | | | | 210 | | |
| | |
| General administrative expenses | | | (475 | ) | | | (399 | ) | | | (419 | ) | |
| | |
| Write-downs, depreciation and value adjustments | | | (376 | ) | | | (152 | ) | | | (297 | ) | |
| | |
| Other income/expenses | | | (411 | ) | | | (355 | ) | | | (143 | ) | |
| | |
| Net income before tax | | | 101 | | | | 324 | | | | 517 | | |
| | |
| Income tax expense | | | 71 | | | | 30 | | | | – | | |
| | |
| Net income | | | 30 | | | | 294 | | | | 517 | | |
| | |
F-25
The following table provides a summary of EUROHYPO AG’s consolidated balance sheet according to German GAAP:
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | Dec 31, 2003 | | | Dec 31, 2002 | | |
| | |
| Assets | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Claims on banks | | | 22,869 | | | | 21,812 | | |
| | |
| Claims on customers | | | 164,320 | | | | 166,899 | | |
| | |
| Bonds and other fixed-income securities | | | 37,608 | | | | 36,768 | | |
| | |
| Other assets | | | 2,423 | | | | 2,988 | | |
| | |
| Total assets | | | 227,220 | | | | 228,467 | | |
| | |
| Liabilities and shareholders’ equity | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Liabilities to banks | | | 31,962 | | | | 30,974 | | |
| | |
| Liabilities to customers | | | 39,800 | | | | 41,485 | | |
| | |
| Liabilities in certificate form | | | 143,544 | | | | 145,289 | | |
| | |
| Provisions and other liabilities | | | 6,165 | | | | 5,953 | | |
| | |
| Capital and reserves | | | 5,749 | | | | 4,766 | | |
| | |
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | | | 227,220 | | | | 228,467 | | |
| | |
Investments Held by Designated Investment Companies
The underlying investment holdings of the Group’s designated investment companies are carried at fair value, and totaled€ 213 million and€ 181 million at December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
Other Equity Interests
Other equity interests totaling€ 2.3 billion and€ 2.4 billion at December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively, include investments in which the Group does not have significant influence, including certain venture capital companies and nonmarketable equity securities. The write-offs for other-than-temporary impairments of these investments amounted to€ 58 million,€ 214 million and€ 423 million for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
At December 31, 2004, the aggregate carrying amount for all equity securities accounted for under the cost method of accounting was€ 1.5 billion. None of these investments were in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2004. For equity securities with a carrying amount of€ 1 million the fair value was not estimated according to SFAS 107. No impairment indicators were present for these investments.
F-26
[7] Loans
The following table summarizes the composition of loans:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | | Dec 31, 2003 | | |
| | | | | |
| German: | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Banks and insurance | | | | 2,047 | | | | 3,861 | | |
| | | | | |
| Manufacturing | | | | 7,364 | | | | 8,668 | | |
| | | | | |
| Households (excluding mortgages) | | | | 14,761 | | | | 14,161 | | |
| | | | | |
| Households – mortgages | | | | 26,175 | | | | 25,445 | | |
| | | | | |
| Public sector | | | | 1,474 | | | | 1,388 | | |
| | | | | |
| Wholesale and retail trade | | | | 3,742 | | | | 5,133 | | |
| | | | | |
| Commercial real estate activities | | | | 11,100 | | | | 11,629 | | |
| | | | | |
| Lease financing | | | | 820 | | | | 855 | | |
| | | | | |
| Other | | | | 11,586 | | | | 12,736 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total German | | | | 79,069 | | | | 83,876 | | |
| | | | | |
| Non-German: | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Banks and insurance | | | | 5,740 | | | | 6,660 | | |
| | | | | |
| Manufacturing | | | | 5,906 | | | | 7,487 | | |
| | | | | |
| Households (excluding mortgages) | | | | 7,023 | | | | 6,915 | | |
| | | | | |
| Households – mortgages | | | | 9,117 | | | | 8,416 | | |
| | | | | |
| Public sector | | | | 1,804 | | | | 921 | | |
| | | | | |
| Wholesale and retail trade | | | | 6,546 | | | | 6,691 | | |
| | | | | |
| Commercial real estate activities | | | | 3,004 | | | | 1,977 | | |
| | | | | |
| Lease financing | | | | 1,726 | | | | 3,138 | | |
| | | | | |
| Other | | | | 18,830 | | | | 22,327 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total Non-German | | | | 59,696 | | | | 64,532 | | |
| | | | | |
| Gross loans | | | | 138,765 | | | | 148,408 | | |
| | | | | |
| Less: Unearned income | | | | 76 | | | | 181 | | |
| | | | | |
| Loans less unearned income | | | | 138,689 | | | | 148,227 | | |
| | | | | |
| Less: Allowance for loan losses | | | | 2,345 | | | | 3,281 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total loans, net | | | | 136,344 | | | | 144,946 | | |
| | | | | |
The “other” category included no single industry group with aggregate borrowings from the Group in excess of 10 percent of the total loan portfolio at December 31, 2004.
Certain related third parties have obtained loans from the Group on various occasions. All such loans have been made in the ordinary course of business and on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with unrelated parties. There were€ 2,954 million and€ 3,047 million of loans to related parties (including loans to equity method investees) outstanding at December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
Nonaccrual loans as of December 31, 2004 and 2003 were€ 4.5 billion and€ 6.0 billion, respectively. Loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest totaled€ 247 million and€ 380 million as of December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
Additionally, as of December 31, 2004, the Group had€ 83 million of loans held for sale that were non-performing.
F-27
Impaired Loans
This table sets forth information about the Group’s impaired loans:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | | Dec 31, 2003 | | | Dec 31, 2002 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total impaired loans1 | | | | 3,516 | | | | 5,255 | | | | 8,922 | | |
| | | | | |
| Allowance for impaired loans under SFAS 1142 | | | | 1,654 | | | | 2,471 | | | | 3,144 | | |
| | | | | |
| Average balance of impaired loans during the year | | | | 4,474 | | | | 6,712 | | | | 9,710 | | |
| | | | | |
| Interest income recognized on impaired loans during the year | | | | 65 | | | | 70 | | | | 166 | | |
| | | | | |
1 | | Included in these amounts are€ 2.8 billion,€ 4.1 billion and€ 6.0 billion as of December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively, that require an allowance. The remaining impaired loans do not require an allowance because the present value of expected future cash flows, the fair value of the underlying collateral or the market price of the loan exceeds the recorded investment in these loans. |
|
2 | | The allowance for impaired loans under SFAS 114 is included in the Group’s allowance for loan losses. |
[8] Allowances for Credit Losses
The allowances for credit losses consist of an allowance for loan losses and an allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments.
The following table shows the activity in the Group’s allowance for loan losses:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | | |
| | | | | |
| Allowance at beginning of year | | | | 3,281 | | | | 4,317 | | | | 5,585 | | |
| | | | | |
| Provision for loan losses | | | | 372 | | | | 1,113 | | | | 2,091 | | |
| | | | | |
| Net charge-offs | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Charge-offs | | | | (1,394 | ) | | | (1,894 | ) | | | (2,728 | ) | |
| Recoveries | | | | 152 | | | | 167 | | | | 112 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total net charge-offs | | | | (1,242 | ) | | | (1,727 | ) | | | (2,616 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Allowance related to acquisitions/divestitures | | | | 3 | | | | (105 | ) | | | (421 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Foreign currency translation | | | | (69 | ) | | | (317 | ) | | | (322 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Allowance at end of year | | | | 2,345 | | | | 3,281 | | | | 4,317 | | |
| | | | | |
The following table shows the activity in the Group’s allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | | |
| | | | | |
| Allowance at beginning of year | | | | 416 | | | | 485 | | | | 496 | | |
| | | | | |
| Provision for credit losses | | | | (65 | ) | | | (50 | ) | | | 17 | | |
| | | | | |
| Allowance related to acquisitions/divestitures | | | | – | | | | 1 | | | | (11 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Foreign currency translation | | | | (6 | ) | | | (20 | ) | | | (17 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Allowance at end of year | | | | 345 | | | | 416 | | | | 485 | | |
| | | | | |
[9] Asset Securitizations and Variable Interest Entities
Asset Securitizations
The Group accounts for transfers of financial assets to securitization vehicles as sales when certain criteria are met; otherwise they are accounted for as secured borrowings. Beneficial interests in the securitization vehicles, primarily in the form of debt instruments, are sold to investors and the proceeds are used to pay the Group for the assets transferred. The cash flows collected from the financial assets transferred to the securitization vehicles are then used to repay the beneficial interests. The third party investors and the securitization vehicles generally have no recourse to the Group’s other assets in cases where the issuers of the financial assets fail to perform under the original terms of those assets. The Group may retain interests in the assets created in the securitization vehicles.
F-28
For the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, the Group recognized€ 219 million,€ 146 million and€ 91 million, respectively, of gains on securitizations primarily related to residential and commercial mortgage loans.
The following table summarizes certain cash flows received from and paid to securitization vehicles during 2004, 2003 and 2002:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | | Residential and commercial | | | | Commercial loans, | | |
| | | | mortgage loans | | | | excluding mortgages | | |
| in€ m. | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Proceeds from new securitizations | | | | 15,822 | | | | 5,414 | | | | 5,843 | | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 918 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Proceeds from collections reinvested in new securitization receivables | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | | 439 | | | | 1,157 | | | | 12,177 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Servicing fees received | | | | 4 | | | | 5 | | | | 14 | | | | | – | | | | 1 | | | | 44 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Cash flows received on retained interests | | | | 72 | | | | 82 | | | | 28 | | | | | 6 | | | | 13 | | | | 101 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Other cash flows received from (paid to) securitization vehicles | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | | – | | | | – | | | | (42 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | |
Prior to the year ended December 31, 2003, the Group had securitization activities related to marine and recreational vehicle loans. During 2002 and 2003, these commercial and consumer finance businesses were sold.
At December 31, 2004, the weighted-average key assumptions used in determining the fair value of retained interests, including servicing rights, and the impact of adverse changes in those assumptions on carrying amount/fair value are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | Residential and | | | Commercial loans, | | |
| | | commercial mortgage | | | excluding mortgages | | |
| in€ m. (except percentages) | | loans | | | | | |
| | |
| Carrying amount/fair value of retained interests | | | 570 | | | | 100 | | |
| | |
| Prepayment speed (current assumed) | | | 10.81 | % | | | 1.37 | % | |
| Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change | | | (14 | ) | | | – | | |
| Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change | | | (26 | ) | | | – | | |
| | |
| Default rate (current assumed) | | | 2.91 | % | | | 0.26 | % | |
| Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change | | | (10 | ) | | | – | | |
| Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change | | | (21 | ) | | | – | | |
| | |
| Discount factor (current assumed) | | | 8.37 | % | | | 7.51 | % | |
| Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change | | | (14 | ) | | | (2 | ) | |
| Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change | | | (29 | ) | | | (3 | ) | |
| | |
These sensitivities are hypothetical and should be viewed with caution. As the figures indicate, changes in fair value based on a 10 percent variation in assumptions generally should not be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in assumption to the change in fair value may not be linear. Also, in this table, the effect of a variation in a particular assumption on the fair value of the retained interest is calculated without changing any other assumptions; in reality, changes in one factor may result in changes in another (for example, increases in market interest rates may result in lower prepayments and increased credit losses), which might affect the sensitivities. The key assumptions used in measuring the initial retained interests resulting from securitizations completed in 2004 were not significantly different from the current assumptions in the above table.
F-29
The key assumptions used in measuring the initial retained interests resulting from securitizations completed in 2003 and 2002 were not significantly different from the key assumptions used in determining the fair value of retained interests, including servicing rights, at December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively. The weighted-average assumptions used at December 31, 2003 and 2002 were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | Residential and commercial | | | Commercial loans, excluding | | |
| | | mortgage loans1 | | | mortgages | | |
| in % | | 2003 | | | 2002 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | | |
| | |
| Prepayment speed | | | 33.48 | | | | 19.20 | | | | 1.81 | | | | 1.66 | | |
| | |
| Default rate | | | 3.43 | | | | 1.02 | | | | 0.30 | | | | 0.19 | | |
| | |
| Discount factor | | | 5.89 | | | | 11.25 | | | | 8.35 | | | | 8.19 | | |
| | |
1 | | Excluded from the weighted-average assumptions are retained interests for commercial mortgage interest-only bonds in the amount of€ 67 million at December 31, 2002. These are short-duration assets valued using conservative prepayment speeds by assuming all underlying loans within the securitized pool are paid off at the earliest possible point in time after the expiration of contractual limitations. |
The following table presents information about securitized loans, including delinquencies (loans which are 90 days or more past due) and credit losses, net of recoveries, for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | | Residential and commercial | | | | Commercial loans, excluding | | |
| | | | mortgage loans | | | | mortgages | | |
| in€ m. | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Total principal amount of loans | | | | 7,606 | | | | 14,127 | | | | | 750 | | | | 1,346 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Principal amount of loans 90 days or more past due | | | | 128 | | | | 228 | | | | | 15 | | | | 33 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Net credit losses | | | | 20 | | | | 2 | | | | | 1 | | | | 3 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
The table excludes securitized loans that the Group continues to service but otherwise has no continuing involvement.
In July 2003, the Group sold U.S.- and European-domiciled private equity investments with a carrying value of€ 361 million as well as€ 80 million in liquid investments to a securitization vehicle that was a qualifying special purpose entity. The securitization vehicle issued€ 174 million of debt to unaffiliated third parties and the Group received cash proceeds of€ 102 million and retained debt and equity interests initially valued at€ 306 million. The Group recognized a€ 7 million loss on the sale of assets to the securitization vehicle. During 2004 and 2003, respectively, the Group received€ 1 million and€ 2 million of cash flows from retained interests.
The valuation of the Group’s retained interests at December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003 were based on the fair values of the underlying investments in the securitization vehicle. These fair values were determined by the servicer of the securitization vehicle. The servicer is a Group-related entity. In determining fair value, the servicer utilizes the valuations of the underlying investments as provided by the general partners of those respective investments. The value of securities and other financial instruments are provided by these general partners on a fair value basis of accounting. The servicer may rely upon any valuations provided to it by the general partners of the investments, but is not bound by such valuations. At December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively, the Group’s retained interests were valued at€ 302 million and€ 303 million.
The private equity investments held by the securitization vehicles are subject to€ 49 million funding commitments under their limited partnership agreements. These commitments are automatically funded by the securitization vehicle via the liquid investments.
To hedge its interest rate and currency risk, the securitization vehicle entered into a total rate of return swap with the Group. The Group also provided a liquidity facility to meet€ 168 million of servicing, administration, and interest expenses and€ 8 million to meet any funding commitments.
F-30
Variable Interest Entities
In the normal course of business, the Group becomes involved with variable interest entities primarily through the following types of transactions: asset securitizations, structured finance, commercial paper programs, mutual funds, and commercial real estate leasing and closed-end funds. The Group’s involvement includes transferring assets to the entities, entering into derivative contracts with them, providing credit enhancement and liquidity facilities, providing investment management and administrative services, and holding ownership or other investment interests in the entities.
The table below shows the aggregated assets (before consolidating eliminations) of variable interest entities consolidated by type of asset and entity as of December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | | Commercial paper programs | | | | Guaranteed value mutual | | | | Asset securitization | | |
| | | | | | | | funds | | | | | | |
| in€ m. | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest-earning deposits with banks | | | | 238 | | | | 189 | | | | | 96 | | | | 1,176 | | | | | 404 | | | | 404 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Trading assets | | | | – | | | | 1,739 | | | | | 491 | | | | 13,988 | | | | | 9,424 | | | | 7,279 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Securities | | | | – | | | | 4,298 | | | | | – | | | | – | | | | | – | | | | 360 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Loans, net | | | | 1,060 | | | | 4,409 | | | | | – | | | | – | | | | | – | | | | 4 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Other | | | | – | | | | 30 | | | | | 35 | | | | 230 | | | | | 3 | | | | 4 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total | | | | 1,298 | | | | 10,665 | | | | | 622 | | | | 15,394 | | | | | 9,831 | | | | 8,051 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Structured finance and other | | | | Commercial real estate leasing | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | vehicles and closed-end funds | | | | | | | | | | |
| in€ m. | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest-earning deposits with banks | | | | 546 | | | | 110 | | | | | 57 | | | | 46 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Trading assets | | | | 1,476 | | | | 1,096 | | | | | – | | | | – | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Securities | | | | 39 | | | | – | | | | | – | | | | – | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Loans, net | | | | 6,689 | | | | 380 | | | | | 255 | | | | 310 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Other | | | | 5,495 | | | | 215 | | | | | 736 | | | | 552 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total | | | | 14,245 | | | | 1,801 | | | | | 1,048 | | | | 908 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Substantially all of the consolidated assets of the variable interest entities act as collateral for related consolidated liabilities. The holders of these liabilities have no recourse to the Group, except to the extent the Group guarantees the value of the mutual fund units that investors purchase. The Group’s liabilities to pay under these guarantees were not significant as of December 31, 2004 and 2003. The mutual funds that the Group manages are investment vehicles that were established to provide returns to investors in the vehicles.
The commercial paper programs give clients access to liquidity in the commercial paper market. As an administrative agent for the commercial paper programs, the Group facilitates the sale of loans, other receivables, or securities from various third parties to a commercial paper entity, which then issues collateralized commercial paper to the market. The Group provides liquidity facilities to the commercial paper vehicles, but these facilities create only limited credit exposure since the Group is not required to provide funding if the assets of the vehicle are in default. In 2004, conduits with total assets of€ 5.8 billion were restructured and accordingly deconsolidated.
For asset securitization, the Group may retain a subordinated interest in the assets the Group securitizes or may purchase interest in the assets securitized by independent third parties. For structured finance and other products, the Group structures VIEs to meet various needs of our clients. For the commercial real estate leasing vehicles and closed-end funds, third party investors essentially provide financing for the purchase of commercial real estate or other assets which are leased to other third parties.
F-31
As of December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003 the total assets and the Group’s maximum exposure to loss as a result of its involvement with variable interest entities where the Group holds a significant variable interest, but does not consolidate, are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | | Aggregated total assets | | | | Maximum exposure to loss | | |
| in€ m. | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Commercial paper programs | | | | 17,296 | | | | 15,008 | | | | | 20,305 | | | | 16,170 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Commercial real estate leasing vehicles and closed-end funds | | | | 1,599 | | | | 1,622 | | | | | 95 | | | | 336 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Structured finance and other | | | | 3,212 | | | | 1,248 | | | | | 579 | | | | 116 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Guaranteed value mutual funds | | | | 5,856 | | | | – | | | | | 5,856 | | | | – | | |
| | | | | | | | |
The Group provides liquidity facilities and, to a lesser extent, guarantees to the commercial paper programs that it has a significant interest in. The Group’s maximum exposure to loss from these programs is equivalent to the contract amount of its liquidity facilities since the Group cannot be obligated to fund the liquidity facilities and guarantees at the same time. The liquidity facilities create only limited credit exposure since the Group is not required to provide funding if the assets of the vehicle are in default.
For the commercial real estate leasing vehicles and closed-end funds, the Group’s maximum exposure to loss results primarily from investments held in these vehicles. For structured finance and other vehicles, the Group’s maximum exposure to loss results primarily from the risk associated with the Group’s purchased and retained interests in the vehicles. The maximum exposure to loss related to the significant non-consolidated guaranteed value mutual funds results from the above mentioned guarantees.
[10] Assets Pledged and Received as Collateral
The carrying value of the Group’s assets pledged (primarily for borrowings, deposits, and securities loaned) as collateral where the secured party does not have the right by contract or custom to sell or repledge the Group’s assets are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | | Dec 31, 2003 | | |
| | | | | |
| Trading assets | | | | 25,568 | | | | 16,830 | | |
| | | | | |
| Securities available for sale | | | | 8 | | | | 742 | | |
| | | | | |
| Loans | | | | 10,433 | | | | 11,086 | | |
| | | | | |
| Premises and equipment | | | | 636 | | | | 625 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total | | | | 36,645 | | | | 29,283 | | |
| | | | | |
At December 31, 2004 and 2003, the Group has received collateral with a fair value of€ 298 billion and€ 223 billion, respectively, arising from securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements, securities borrowed, derivatives transactions, customer margin loans and other transactions, which the Group as the secured party has the right to sell or repledge. At December 31, 2004 and 2003,€ 124 billion and€ 115 billion, respectively, related to collateral that the Group has received and sold or repledged primarily to cover short sales, securities loaned and securities sold under repurchase agreements. These amounts exclude the impact of netting.
F-32
[11] Premises and Equipment, Net
An analysis of premises and equipment, including assets under capital leases, follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | | Dec 31, 2003 | | |
| | | | | |
| Land | | | | 1,036 | | | | 1,014 | | |
| | | | | |
| Buildings | | | | 3,576 | | | | 4,058 | | |
| | | | | |
| Leasehold improvements | | | | 1,211 | | | | 1,214 | | |
| | | | | |
| Furniture and equipment | | | | 2,344 | | | | 2,495 | | |
| | | | | |
| Purchased software | | | | 347 | | | | 440 | | |
| | | | | |
| Self-developed software | | | | 331 | | | | 322 | | |
| | | | | |
| Construction-in-progress | | | | 144 | | | | 151 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total | | | | 8,989 | | | | 9,694 | | |
| | | | | |
| Less: Accumulated depreciation | | | | 3,764 | | | | 3,908 | | |
| | | | | |
| Premises and equipment, net1 | | | | 5,225 | | | | 5,786 | | |
| | | | | |
1 | | Amounts at December 31, 2004 and 2003 included€ 1.8 billion and€ 1.9 billion, respectively, of net book value of premises and equipment held for investment purposes. |
The Group is lessee under lease agreements covering real property and equipment. The future minimum lease payments, excluding executory costs, required under the Group’s capital leases at December 31, 2004, were as follows:
| | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | | | | |
| | |
| 2005 | | | 73 | | |
| | |
| 2006 | | | 109 | | |
| | |
| 2007 | | | 257 | | |
| | |
| 2008 | | | 45 | | |
| | |
| 2009 | | | 47 | | |
| | |
| 2010 and later | | | 506 | | |
| | |
| Total future minimum lease payments | | | 1,037 | | |
| | |
| Less: Amount representing interest | | | 658 | | |
| | |
| Present value of minimum lease payments | | | 379 | | |
| | |
At December 31, 2004, the total minimum sublease rentals to be received in the future under subleases are€ 484 million. Contingent rental income incurred during the year ended December 31, 2004, was€ 2 million.
The future minimum lease payments, excluding executory costs, required under the Group’s operating leases at December 31, 2004, were as follows:
| | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | | | | |
| | |
| 2005 | | | 533 | | |
| | |
| 2006 | | | 451 | | |
| | |
| 2007 | | | 365 | | |
| | |
| 2008 | | | 307 | | |
| | |
| 2009 | | | 262 | | |
| | |
| 2010 and later | | | 1,110 | | |
| | |
| Total future minimum lease payments | | | 3,028 | | |
| | |
| Less: Minimum sublease rentals | | | 682 | | |
| | |
| Net minimum lease payments | | | 2,346 | | |
| | |
F-33
The following shows the net rental expense for all operating leases:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | | |
| | | | | |
| Gross rental expense | | | | 857 | | | | 760 | | | | 869 | | |
| | | | | |
| Less: Sublease rental income | | | | 116 | | | | 61 | | | | 97 | | |
| | | | | |
| Net rental expense | | | | 741 | | | | 699 | | | | 772 | | |
| | | | | |
[12] Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Net
Goodwill impairment exists if the net book value of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value. The Group’s reporting units are generally consistent with the Group’s business segment level, or one level below. The Group performs its annual impairment review during the fourth quarter of each year, beginning in the fourth quarter of 2002. There was no goodwill impairment in 2004, 2003 and 2002 resulting from the annual impairment review.
In 2004, an impairment loss of€ 19 million relating to investment management agreements was recorded in the Asset and Wealth Management Corporate Division following the termination of such agreements. The impairment loss was determined based on a discounted cash flow model and is included in the line item Goodwill impairment/impairment of intangibles on the Consolidated Statement of Income.
In 2003, a goodwill impairment loss of€ 114 million related to the Private Equity reporting unit was recorded following decisions relating to the private equity fee-based business including the transfer of certain businesses to the Group’s Asset and Wealth Management Corporate Division. The fair value of the business remaining in the Private Equity reporting unit was calculated using the discounted cash flow model.
A goodwill impairment loss of€ 62 million was recognized in the Private Equity reporting unit during 2002. A significant portion of the reporting unit was classified as held for sale during the fourth quarter of 2002 resulting in an impairment loss of the goodwill related to the remaining reporting unit.
Other Intangible Assets
An analysis of acquired other intangible assets follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | | Dec 31, 2003 | | |
| | | | Gross | | | | Accumulated | | | | Net | | | Gross | | | Accumulated | | | Net | | |
| | | | carrying | | | | amortization | | | | carrying | | | carrying | | | amortization | | | carrying | | |
| in€ m. | | | amount | | | | | | | | amount | | | amount | | | | | | amount | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Amortized intangible assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Customer contracts | | | | 59 | | | | | 11 | | | | | 48 | | | | 75 | | | | 19 | | | | 56 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Investment management agreements | | | | 41 | | | | | 19 | | | | | 22 | | | | 62 | | | | 14 | | | | 48 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Mortgage servicing rights | | | | 68 | | | | | 3 | | | | | 65 | | | | – | | | | – | | �� | | – | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Other customer-related | | | | 79 | | | | | 21 | | | | | 58 | | | | 48 | | | | 15 | | | | 33 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Other | | | | 17 | | | | | 9 | | | | | 8 | | | | 29 | | | | 9 | | | | 20 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total amortized intangible assets | | | | 264 | | | | | 63 | | | | | 201 | | | | 214 | | | | 57 | | | | 157 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Unamortized intangible assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Retail investment management agreements and other | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 848 | | | | | | | | | | | | 925 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Loan servicing rights | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 20 | | | | | | | | | | | | 40 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total other intangible assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1,069 | | | | | | | | | | | | 1,122 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
F-34
For the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003, the aggregate amortization expense for other intangible assets was€ 24 million and€ 22 million, respectively. The estimated aggregate amortization expense for each of the succeeding five fiscal years is as follows:
| | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | | | | |
| | |
| 2005 | | | 26 | | |
| | |
| 2006 | | | 20 | | |
| | |
| 2007 | | | 19 | | |
| | |
| 2008 | | | 18 | | |
| | |
| 2009 | | | 16 | | |
| | |
For the year ended December 31, 2004, the Group acquired the following other intangible assets:
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | | | | | Weighted-average | | |
| in€ m. | | Additions in current year | | | amortization period | | |
| | |
| Amortized intangible assets: | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Mortgage servicing rights | | | 68 | | | 10 years | |
| | |
| Other customer-related | | | 19 | | | 10 years | |
| | |
| Other | | | 11 | | | 5 years | |
| | |
| Total other intangible assets | | | 98 | | | 9 years | |
| | |
These additions are mainly due to the acquisitions of Berkshire Mortgage Finance L.P.’s origination and servicing business as well as Dresdner Bank’s German domestic custody business, which contributed€ 68 million and€ 19 million respectively.
Goodwill
All goodwill has been allocated to reporting units. The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003 are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | Corporate | | | Global | | | Asset and | | | Private & | | | Corporate | | | | Total | | |
| | | Banking & | | | Transaction | | | Wealth | | | Business | | | Investments | | | | | | |
| in€ m. | | Securities | | | Banking | | | Management | | | Clients | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Balance as of January 1, 2003 | | | 3,731 | | | | 635 | | | | 3,165 | | | | 246 | | | | 595 | | | | | 8,372 | | |
| | | | | |
| Purchase accounting adjustments | | | – | | | | – | | | | 14 | | | | – | | | | – | | | | | 14 | | |
| | | | | |
| Goodwill acquired during the year | | | 2 | | | | 1 | | | | 112 | | | | 4 | | | | – | | | | | 119 | | |
| | | | | |
| Impairment losses | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | (114 | ) | | | | (114 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Goodwill related to dispositions | | | – | | | | (133 | ) | | | (51 | ) | | | – | | | | (382 | ) | | | | (566 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Effects from exchange rate fluctuations | | | (572 | ) | | | (75 | ) | | | (417 | ) | | | (16 | ) | | | (10 | ) | | | | (1,090 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Balance as of December 31, 2003 | | | 3,161 | | | | 428 | | | | 2,823 | | | | 234 | | | | 89 | | | | | 6,735 | | |
| | | | | |
| Purchase accounting adjustments | | | – | | | | – | | | | (20 | ) | | | – | | | | – | | | | | (20 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Transfers | | | 6 | | | | – | | | | (6 | ) | | | – | | | | – | | | | | – | | |
| | | | | |
| Goodwill acquired during the year | | | 27 | | | | 36 | | | | 60 | | | | 4 | | | | – | | | | | 127 | | |
| | | | | |
| Impairment losses | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | | – | | |
| | | | | |
| Goodwill related to dispositions | | | – | | | | – | | | | (11 | ) | | | – | | | | – | | | | | (11 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Effects from exchange rate fluctuations | | | (243 | ) | | | (28 | ) | | | (178 | ) | | | (4 | ) | | | – | | | | | (453 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Balance as of December 31, 2004 | | | 2,951 | | | | 436 | | | | 2,668 | | | | 234 | | | | 89 | | | | | 6,378 | | |
| | | | | |
The additions to goodwill of€ 127 million for the year ended December 31, 2004 are mainly due to the acquisitions of the remaining 1.5% third party holding in DWS Holding & Service GmbH, Dresdner Bank’s German domestic custody business and Berkshire Mortgage Finance L.P.’s origination and servicing business, which contributed€ 57 million,€ 36 million and€ 26 million, respectively.
The additions to goodwill of€ 119 million for the year ended December 31, 2003 are mainly due to the acquisition of Rued, Blass & Cie AG Bankgeschaeft, which contributed€ 59 million.
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[13] Assets Held for Sale
In 2004, the Group signed several contracts to sell real estate in the Asset and Wealth Management and the Corporate Investments segments. The net assets were written down to the lower of their carrying value or fair value less cost to sell resulting in a loss of€ 29 million.
During 2003, the Group decided to sell subsidiaries and investments in the Corporate Investments, Global Transaction Banking, Private & Business Clients and Asset and Wealth Management segments. The net assets for these subsidiaries and investments were written down to the lower of their carrying value or fair value less cost to sell resulting in a loss of€ 32 million.
During 2002, the Group decided to sell certain businesses in the Global Transaction Banking, Asset and Wealth Management and Corporate Investment segments. The net assets for these businesses, most of which are reported as other investments, were written down to the lower of their carrying value or fair value less cost to sell resulting in a loss of€ 217 million for the year ended December 31, 2002.
[14] Other Assets and Other Liabilities
The largest individual component of other assets at December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003 was pending securities transactions past settlement date of€ 8,984 million and€ 11,082 million, respectively. Other assets also included loans held for sale, which were€ 8,194 million and€ 7,110 million at December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003, respectively. These loans held for sale were acquired in the course of our securitization activities or originated in our loan business. Among other items included in other assets were accrued interest receivable of€ 3,854 million and€ 3,612 million at December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003, respectively, and due from customers on acceptances of€ 74 million and€ 60 million at December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003, respectively.
Pending securities transactions past settlement date of€ 9,562 million and€ 10,390 million at December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003, respectively, were also the largest individual component of other liabilities. Among other items also included in other liabilities were accrued interest payable of€ 4,223 million and€ 3,793 million at December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003, respectively, and acceptances outstanding of€ 74 million and€ 60 million at December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003, respectively.
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[15] Deposits
The components of deposits are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | | Dec 31, 2003 | | |
| | | | | |
| German offices: | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Noninterest-bearing demand deposits | | | | 20,851 | | | | 22,371 | | |
| | | | | |
| Interest-bearing deposits Demand deposits | | | | 31,252 | | | | 24,787 | | |
| Certificates of deposit | | | | 247 | | | | 665 | | |
| Savings deposits | | | | 22,572 | | | | 24,147 | | |
| Other time deposits | | | | 34,505 | | | | 33,194 | | |
| Total interest-bearing deposits | | | | 88,576 | | | | 82,793 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total deposits in German offices | | | | 109,427 | | | | 105,164 | | |
| | | | | |
| Non-German offices: | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Noninterest-bearing demand deposits | | | | 6,423 | | | | 5,797 | | |
| | | | | |
| Interest-bearing deposits Demand deposits | | | | 73,630 | | | | 57,463 | | |
| Certificates of deposit | | | | 19,056 | | | | 20,696 | | |
| Savings deposits | | | | 6,314 | | | | 6,419 | | |
| Other time deposits | | | | 114,619 | | | | 110,615 | | |
| Total interest-bearing deposits | | | | 213,619 | | | | 195,193 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total deposits in non-German offices | | | | 220,042 | | | | 200,990 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total deposits | | | | 329,469 | | | | 306,154 | | |
| | | | | |
Related party deposits amounted to€ 1,937 million and€ 1,050 million at December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
[16] Other Short-term Borrowings
Short-term borrowings are borrowed funds generally with an original maturity of one year or less. Components of other short-term borrowings include:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | | Dec 31, 2003 | | |
| | | | | |
| Commercial paper | | | | 9,980 | | | | 13,150 | | |
| | | | | |
| Other | | | | 10,138 | | | | 9,140 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total | | | | 20,118 | | | | 22,290 | | |
| | | | | |
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[17] Long-term Debt
The Group issues fixed and floating rate long-term debt denominated in various currencies, approximately half of which is denominated in euros.
The following table is a summary of the Group’s long-term debt:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| By remaining maturities | | Due in | | | Due in | | | Due in | | | Due in | | | Due in | | | Due after | | | | Dec 31, | | | Dec 31, | | |
| | | 2005 | | | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | | 2009 | | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | |
| in€ m. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | total | | | total | | |
| | | | | |
| Senior debt: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Bonds and notes: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Fixed rate | | | 8,012 | | | | 5,345 | | | | 7,038 | | | | 3,827 | | | | 9,072 | | | | 20,540 | | | | | 53,834 | | | | 47,364 | | |
| | | | | |
| Floating rate | | | 6,764 | | | | 4,168 | | | | 6,343 | | | | 6,514 | | | | 4,367 | | | | 11,307 | | | | | 39,463 | | | | 37,217 | | |
| | | | | |
| Subordinated debt: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Bonds and notes: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Fixed rate | | | 152 | | | | 928 | | | | 611 | | | | 288 | | | | 1,457 | | | | 6,069 | | | | | 9,505 | | | | 10,379 | | |
| | | | | |
| Floating rate | | | 104 | | | | – | | | | 348 | | | | 94 | | | | 183 | | | | 3,339 | | | | | 4,068 | | | | 2,520 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total | | | 15,032 | | | | 10,441 | | | | 14,340 | | | | 10,723 | | | | 15,079 | | | | 41,255 | | | | | 106,870 | | | | 97,480 | | |
| | | | | |
Based solely on the contractual terms of the debt issues, the following table represents the range of interest rates payable on this debt for the periods specified:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | | Dec 31, 2003 | | |
| | | | | |
| Senior debt: | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Bonds and notes: | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Fixed rate1 | | | | 0.00% – 50.00 | % | | | 0.00% – 31.63 | % | |
| | | | | |
| Floating rate1 | | | | 0.00% – 18.83 | % | | | 0.00% – 21.11 | % | |
| | | | | |
| Subordinated debt: | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Bonds and notes: | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Fixed rate | | | | 0.81% – 10.50 | % | | | 0.81% – 10.50 | % | |
| | | | | |
| Floating rate | | | | 0.74% – 8.00 | % | | | 0.74% – 8.00 | % | |
| | | | | |
1 | | The lower and higher end of the range of interest rates relate to some transactions where the contractual rates are shown excluding the effect of embedded derivatives. |
Fixed rate debt outstanding at December 31, 2004 matures at various dates through 2044. The weighted-average interest rates on fixed rate debt at December 31, 2004 and 2003 were 5.57% and 5.23%, respectively. Floating rate debt outstanding at December 31, 2004 matures at various dates through 2050 excluding€ 4.6 billion with undefined maturities. The weighted-average interest rates on floating rate debt at December 31, 2004 and 2003 were 2.84% and 2.58%, respectively. The weighted-average interest rates for total long-term debt were 4.36% and 3.97% at December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
The interest rates for the floating rate debt issues are generally based on EURIBOR, although in certain instances they are subject to minimum interest rates as specified in the agreements governing the respective issues.
The Group enters into various transactions related to the debt it issues. This debt may be traded for market-making purposes or held for a period of time. Purchases of the debt are accounted for as extinguishments; however, the resulting net gains (losses) during 2004 and 2003 were insignificant.
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[18] Obligation to Purchase Common Shares
As of December 31, 2004 and 2003, the obligation to purchase common shares amounted to€ 3,058 million and€ 2,310 million, respectively. The obligation represented forward purchase contracts covering approximately 56.1 million (2003: 44.3 million) Deutsche Bank common shares with a weighted-average strike price of€ 54.52 (2003:€ 52.18) entered into to satisfy obligations under employee share-based compensation awards. Contracts covering 0.4 million shares (2003: 3.1 million) mature in less than one year. The remaining contracts covering 55.7 million shares (2003: 41.2 million) have maturities between one and five years.
[19] Mandatorily Redeemable Shares and Minority Interests in Limited Life Entities
Other liabilities included€ 93 million and€ 62 million, representing the settlement amount as of December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively, for minority interests in limited life subsidiaries and mutual funds. These entities have termination dates between 2007 and 2103.
Included in long-term debt and short-term borrowings were€ 3,545 million and€ 4,164 million related to mandatorily redeemable shares at December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively. The amount to be paid if settlement was at December 31, 2004 and 2003 was€ 3,548 million and€ 4,167 million, respectively. These mandatorily redeemable shares are primarily due between 2005 and 2033. The majority of interest paid on the redeemable shares is at fixed rates between 0.00% – 4.70% with the remainder paid at variable rates, which are based on LIBOR or the tax-adjusted U.S. dollar swap rate.
[20] Common Shares and Share-Based Compensation Plans
Deutsche Bank’s share capital consists of common shares issued in registered form without par value. Under German law, no par value shares are deemed to have a “nominal” value equal to the total amount of share capital divided by the number of shares. Therefore, the Group’s shares have a nominal value of€ 2.56.
Common share activity was as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Number of shares | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | | |
| | | | | |
| Common shares outstanding, beginning of year | | | | 565,077,163 | | | | 585,446,954 | | | | 614,475,625 | | |
| | | | | |
| Shares issued under employee benefit plans | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 285,800 | | |
| | | | | |
| Shares retired | | | | (38,000,000 | ) | | | (40,000,000 | ) | | | – | | |
| | | | | |
| Shares purchased for treasury | | | | (536,383,830 | ) | | | (464,939,509 | ) | | | (474,184,113 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Shares sold or distributed from treasury | | | | 526,576,340 | | | | 484,569,718 | | | | 444,869,642 | | |
| | | | | |
| Common shares outstanding, end of year | | | | 517,269,673 | | | | 565,077,163 | | | | 585,446,954 | | |
| | | | | |
Shares purchased for treasury consist of shares held for a period of time by the Group as well as any shares purchased with the intention of being resold in the short term. In addition, beginning in 2002, the Group launched share buy-back programs. Shares acquired under these programs are deemed to be retired or used for share-based compensation. The 2002 program was completed in April 2003 resulting in the retirement of 40 million shares. The second program was completed in June 2004 and resulted in the retirement of 38 million shares. The third buy-back program started in July 2004. All such transactions were recorded in shareholders’ equity and no revenues and expenses were recorded in connection with these activities.
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Authorized and Conditional Capital
Deutsche Bank’s share capital may be increased by issuing new shares for cash and in some circumstances for non-cash consideration. At December 31, 2004, Deutsche Bank had authorized but unissued capital of€ 584,000,000 which may be issued at various dates through April 30, 2009 as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | Authorized capital | | | | |
| | | excluding shareholders’ | | | | |
| Authorized capital | | pre-emptive rights | | Expiration date | | |
| | |
| – | | € 30,000,000 | | May 31, 2005 | |
| | |
| € 128,000,0001 | | – | | April 30, 2006 | |
| | |
| € 100,000,000 | | – | | April 30, 2007 | |
| | |
| € 128,000,0001 | | – | | April 30, 2008 | |
| | |
| € 198,000,000 | | – | | April 30, 2009 | |
| | |
1 | | Capital increase may be effected for noncash contributions with the intent of acquiring a company or holdings in companies. |
Deutsche Bank also had conditional capital of€ 275,200,000. Conditional capital includes various instruments that may potentially be converted into common shares.
The Annual General Meeting on June 2, 2004 authorized the Board of Managing Directors to issue once or more than once, bearer or registered participatory notes with bearer warrants and/or convertible participatory notes, bonds with warrants, and/or convertible bonds on or before April 30, 2009. For this purpose share capital was increased conditionally by up to€ 150,000,000.
At December 31, 2004,€ 51,200,000 of conditional capital was available for option rights available for grant until May 10, 2003 and€ 64,000,000 for option rights available for grant until May 20, 2005 under the DB Global Partnership Plan. Also, the Board of Managing Directors was authorized at the Annual General Meeting on May 17, 2001 to issue, with the consent of the Supervisory Board, up to 12,000,000 option rights on Deutsche Bank shares on or before December 31, 2003 of which 3,585,476 option rights were granted and not exercised at December 31, 2004. For this purpose there was a conditional capital of€ 10,000,000 of which€ 9,178,819 was used under the DB Global Share Plan. These plans are described below.
Share-Based Compensation
Effective January 1, 2003, the Group adopted the fair-value-based method under SFAS 123 prospectively for all employee awards granted, modified or settled after January 1, 2003, excluding those related to the 2002 performance year. Prior to this the Group applied the intrinsic-value-based provisions of APB 25. Compensation expense for share-based awards is included in compensation and benefits on the Consolidated Statement of Income. See Note [1] for a discussion on the Group’s accounting for share-based compensation.
In accordance with the requirements of SFAS 123, the pro forma disclosures relating to net income and earnings per common share as if the Group had always applied the fair-value-based method are provided in Note [1].
The Group’s share-based compensation plans currently used for granting new awards are summarized in the table below. These plans, and those plans no longer used for granting new awards, are described in more detail in the text that follows.
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| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Plan name | | Eligibility | | Vesting period* | | Expense | | Equity or | | Performance | |
| | | | | | | treatment | | Equity Units | | Options/ | |
| | | | | | | | | | | Partnership | |
| | | | | | | | | | | Appreciation | |
| | | | | | | | | | | Rights | |
| | |
| Share-based compensation plans | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Restricted Equity Units Plan | | Select executives | | 4.5 years | | 3 | | X | | | |
| | |
| DB Global Partnership Plan | | | | | | | | | | | |
| DB Equity Units | | | | | | | | | | | |
| as bonus grants | | Select executives | | 2 years | | 2 | | X | | | |
| as retention grants | | Select executives | | 3.5 years | | 3 | | X | | | |
| Performance Options | | Select executives1 | | 4 years | | 2 | | | | X | |
| Partnership Appreciation Rights | | Select executives1 | | 4 years | | 2 | | | | X | |
| | |
| DB Share Scheme | | | | | | | | | | | |
| as bonus grants | | Select employees | | 3 years | | 2 | | X | | | |
| as retention grants | | Select employees | | 3 years | | 3 | | X | | | |
| | |
| DB Key Employee Equity Plan | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (DB KEEP) | | Select executives | | 5 years | | 3 | | X | | | |
| | |
| DB Global Share Plan 2004 | | All employees4 | | 1 year | | 3 | | X | | | |
| | |
* | | Approximate period after which all portions of the award are no longer subject to the plan specific forfeiture provisions. |
|
1 | | Performance options and partnership appreciation rights are granted as a unit. |
|
2 | | The value is recognized during the applicable performance year as part of compensation expense. |
|
3 | | The value is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period as part of compensation expense. |
|
4 | | A participant must have been working for the Group for at least one year and have had an active employment contract in order to participate. |
Share-Based Compensation Plans Currently Used for Granting New Awards
Restricted Equity Units Plan
Under the Restricted Equity Units Plan, the Group grants various employees deferred share awards as retention incentive which provide the right to receive common shares of the Group at specified future dates. The expense related to Restricted Equity Units awarded is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, which is generally four to five years.
The Group also grants to the same group of employees exceptional awards as a component of the Restricted Equity Units as an additional retention incentive that is forfeited if the participant terminates employment prior to the end of the vesting period. Compensation expense for these awards is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period.
DB Global Partnership Plan
DB Equity Units. DB Equity Units are deferred share awards, each of which entitles the holder to one of the Group’s common shares approximately three and a half years from the date of the grant. DB Equity Units granted in relation to annual bonuses are forfeited if a participant terminates employment under certain circumstances within the first two years following the grant. Compensation expense for these awards is recognized in the applicable performance year as part of compensation earned for that year.
The Group also grants exceptional awards of DB Equity Units to a selected group of employees as retention incentive that is forfeited if the participant terminates employment prior to the end of the vesting period. Compensation expense for these awards is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period which is approximately three and a half years.
Performance Options.Performance options are rights to purchase the Group’s common shares. Performance Options were granted with an exercise price equal to 120% of the reference price. The reference price is set at the higher of the fair market value of the Group’s common shares on the date of grant or an average of the fair market value of the Group’s common shares for the ten trading days on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange up to and including the date of the grant.
Performance Options are subject to a minimum vesting period of two years. In general, one-third of the options become exercisable at each of the second, third and fourth anniversaries of the grant date. However, if the Group’s common shares trade at more than 130% of the reference price for 35 consecutive trading days, the Performance Options become exercisable on the later of the end of the 35-day trading period or the second anniversary of the award date. This condition was fulfilled for the
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Performance Options granted in February 2003 and therefore, all these options became exercisable in February 2005 rather than in three equal tranches.
Under certain circumstances, if a participant terminates employment prior to the vesting date, Performance Option awards will be forfeited. All options not previously exercised or forfeited expire on the sixth anniversary of the grant date.
There were no options awarded for the 2004 performance year. Compensation expense for options awarded for the 2003 performance year was recognized in 2003 in accordance with the fair-value-based method. No compensation expense for options awarded for the 2002 performance year was recognized in 2002, as the market price of the shares on the date of grant did not exceed the exercise price.
Partnership Appreciation Rights.Partnership Appreciation Rights (“PARs”) are rights to receive a cash award in an amount equal to 20% of the reference price for Performance Options described above. The vesting of PARs will occur at the same time and to the same extent as the vesting of Performance Options. PARs are automatically exercised at the same time and in the same proportion as the exercise of the Performance Options.
There were no PARs awarded for the 2004 performance year. No compensation expense was recognized for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002 as the PARs represent a right to a cash award only with the exercise of Performance Options. This effectively reduces the exercise price of any Performance Option exercised to the reference price described above and is factored into the calculation of the fair value of the option.
DB Share Scheme
Under the DB Share Scheme, the Group grants various employees deferred share awards which provide the right to receive common shares of the Group at a specified future date. Compensation expense for awards granted in relation to annual bonuses is recognized in the applicable performance year as part of compensation earned for that year. Awards granted as retention incentive are expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, which is generally three years.
DB Key Employee Equity Plan
Under the DB Key Employee Equity Plan (“DB KEEP”), the Group grants selected executives deferred share awards which provide the right to receive common shares of the Group at a specified future date. The awards are granted as retention incentive to various employees and are expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period as compensation expense. The vesting period is generally five years.
DB Global Share Plan 2004
The DB Global Share Plan 2004 awarded in 2004 is an all employee program which awards eligible employees ten shares of the Group’s common shares as part of their annual compensation. A participant must have been working for the Group for at least one year and have had an active employment contract in order to participate. The number of shares granted to part-time employees and those in various categories of extended leave was on a pro rata basis. Awards will ordinarily be forfeited if the participant terminates employment prior to the vesting date which is November 1, 2005.
The expense related to the DB Global Share Plan 2004 is recognized on a straight line basis over the vesting period which is one year from the date of grant.
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Share-Based Compensation Plans No Longer Used for Granting New Awards
DB Global Share Plan
Share Purchases.In 2003 and 2002, eligible employees could purchase up to 20 shares and eligible retirees could purchase up to 10 shares of the Group’s common shares. German employees and retirees were eligible to purchase these shares at discount. The discount was linked to the Group’s prior year’s earnings. The participant was fully vested and received all dividend rights for the shares purchased. At the date of purchase, the Group recognized as compensation expense the difference between the quoted market price of a common share at that date and the price paid by the participant.
Performance Options.In 2003 and 2002, employee participants received for each common share purchased five options. Each option entitled the participant to purchase one of the Group’s common shares. Options vest approximately two years after the date of grant and expire after six years. Options may be exercised at a strike price equal to 120% of the reference price. The reference price was set at the higher of the fair market value of the Group’s common shares on the date of grant or an average of the fair market value of the Group’s common shares for the ten trading days on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange up to and including the date of grant.
Generally, a participant must have been working for the Group for at least one year and have had an active employment contract in order to participate. Options are forfeited upon termination of employment. Participants who retire or become permanently disabled prior to vesting may still exercise their rights during the exercise period.
Compensation expense for options awarded for the 2003 performance year is recognized over the vesting period in accordance with the fair-value-based method. No compensation expense was recognized for options awarded for the 2002 performance year as the market price of the shares on the date of grant did not exceed the exercise price.
Global Equity Plan
During 1998, 1999 and 2000, certain key employees of the Group participated in the Global Equity Plan (“GEP”) and were eligible to purchase convertible bonds in 1,000 DM denominations at par. On October 16, 2001, the Board of Managing Directors gave approval to buy out the outstanding awards at a fixed price.
As of December 31, 2001, participants holding DM 55,429,000 (€ 28,340,398) bonds convertible into 11,085,800 shares accepted the offer and received cash payments totaling€ 490,347,106. Compensation expense relating to participants who accepted the buy-out offer was fully accrued in 2001.
Compensation expense was recorded using variable plan accounting over the vesting period for awards to participants who did not accept the buy-out offer in 2001. In June 2003, the remaining bonds were redeemed at their nominal value since specific performance criteria for conversion were not met. The Group released€ 3 million to earnings related to amounts previously accrued for the GEP Plan.
In addition, in connection with the buy-out offer in 2001, the Board authorized a special payment to 93 participants in 2003. These participants could not take part in the buy-out offer due to the conditions of the authorization in 2001. The cash payments, which totaled€ 9 million in connection with these bonds, were not included in share-based compensation expense.
Stock Appreciation Rights Plans
The Group has granted stock appreciation rights plans (“SARs”) which provide eligible employees of the Group the right to receive cash equal to the appreciation of the Group’s common shares over an established strike price. The stock appreciation rights granted can be exercised approximately three years from the date of grant. Stock appreciation rights expire approximately six years from the date of grant.
Compensation expense on SARs, calculated as the excess of the current market price of the Group’s common shares over the strike price, is recorded using variable plan accounting. The expense related to a portion of the awards is recognized in the performance year if it relates to annual bonuses earned as part of compensation, while remaining awards are expensed over the vesting periods.
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db Share Plan
Prior to the adoption of the DB Global Share Plan, certain employees were eligible to purchase up to 60 shares of the Group’s common shares at a discount under the db Share Plan. In addition, for each share purchased, employee participants received one option which entitled them to purchase one share. Options vested over a period of approximately three years beginning on the date of grant. Following the vesting period, options could be exercised if specific performance criteria were met. The exercise price was determined by applying a performance dependent discount to the average quoted price of a common share on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange on the five trading days before the exercise period started.
At the date of purchase of the common shares, the Group recognized as compensation expense the difference between the quoted market price of a common share at that date and the price paid by the participant. Compensation expense for the options was recognized using variable plan accounting over the vesting period, and based upon an estimated exercise price for the applicable three-year period and the current market price of the Group’s common shares.
All remaining db Share Plan options expired unexercised in 2003 because the specific performance criteria were not met. In 2003, the Group released€ 20 million to earnings related to amounts previously accrued for the options.
Other Plans
The Group has other local share-based compensation plans, none of which, individually or in the aggregate are material to the consolidated financial statements.
Compensation Expense
The Group recognized compensation expense related to its significant share-based compensation plans, described above, as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | | |
| | | | | |
| DB Global Partnership Plan1 | | | | 11 | | | | 8 | | | | 4 | | |
| | | | | |
| DB Global Share Plan2 | | | | 15 | | | | 3 | | | | 3 | | |
| | | | | |
| DB Share Scheme/Restricted Equity Units Plan/DB KEEP | | | | 997 | | | | 773 | | | | 469 | | |
| | | | | |
| Global Equity Plan | | | | – | | | | (3 | ) | | | (6 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Stock Appreciation Rights Plans3 | | | | 81 | | | | (13 | ) | | | 35 | | |
| | | | | |
| db Share Plan | | | | – | | | | (20 | ) | | | (45 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Total | | | | 1,104 | | | | 748 | | | | 460 | | |
| | | | | |
1 | | Compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002 included€ 6.6 million,€ 5.9 million and€ 3.9 million, respectively, related to DB Equity Units granted in February 2005, February 2004 and February 2003, respectively. |
|
2 | | Compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2004 included€ 6.6 million in relation to the DB Global Share Plan 2004. |
|
3 | | For the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, net (gains) losses of€ 81 million,€ (13) million and€ 226 million, respectively, from non-trading equity derivatives, used to offset fluctuations in employee share-based compensation expense, were included. |
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The following is a summary of the activity in the Group’s current compensation plans involving share and option awards for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002 (amounts in thousands of shares, except exercise prices).
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | DB Global Partnership Plan | | |
| | | DB Equity Units1 | | | Performance Options2 | | | Weighted-average | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | exercise price | | |
| | |
| Balance at December 31, 2001 | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | |
| Granted | | | 451 | | | | 12,156 | | | | € 89.96 | | |
| | |
| Issued | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | |
| Forfeited | | | (43 | ) | | | (392 | ) | | | € 89.96 | | |
| | |
| Balance at December 31, 2002 | | | 408 | | | | 11,764 | | | | € 89.96 | | |
| | |
| Granted | | | 122 | | | | 14,615 | | | | € 47.53 | | |
| | |
| Issued | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | |
| Forfeited | | | (3 | ) | | | (490 | ) | | | € 58.58 | | |
| | |
| Balance at December 31, 2003 | | | 527 | | | | 25,889 | | | | € 66.60 | | |
| | |
| Granted | | | 127 | | | | 115 | | | | € 76.61 | | |
| | |
| Issued | | | (324 | ) | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | |
| Forfeited | | | – | | | | (152 | ) | | | € 89.96 | | |
| | |
| Balance at December 31, 2004 | | | 330 | | | | 25,852 | | | | € 66.51 | | |
| | |
| Weighted-average remaining contractual life at: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2004 | | | | | | 3 years 7 months | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2003 | | | | | | 4 years 8 months | | | | | | |
| | |
1 | | The weighted-average grant-date fair value per share of deferred share awards granted in 2004, 2003 and 2002 was€ 58.11,€ 38.62, and€ 74.96 respectively. |
|
2 | | The weighted-average grant-date fair value per option, including the PAR, granted during 2004, 2003 and 2002 was€ 13.02,€ 11.97 and€ 21.24 respectively. Performance Options and PARs granted in 2004, 2003 and 2002 related to the 2003, 2002 and 2001 performance year, respectively. |
There were no options exercisable under the DB Global Partnership Plan at December 31, 2004. Approximately 14.1 million options under the DB Global Partnership Plan, which have an exercise price of€ 47.53 per share, became exercisable in early 2005. Each Global Partnership Plan option was accompanied by a Partnership Appreciation Right entitling the holder to 20% of the reference price upon exercise of the related option. As of February 28, 2005, approximately 2.9 million of these Global Partnership Plan options and PARs had been exercised.
In addition, approximately 111,000 DB Equity Units were granted in February 2005 related to the 2004 performance year and included in compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2004. Approximately 28,000 DB Equity Units were granted as a retention incentive in February 2005 and not included in compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2004. The weighted-average grant date fair value per DB Equity Unit was€ 59.68.
There were no Performance Options or PARs awarded in relation to the 2004 performance year.
F-45
The following table details the distribution of options outstanding for the DB Global Partnership Plan and for the DB Global Share Plan (reported under plans no longer used for granting new awards) as of year ended 2004:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Range of | | Options outstanding | | | Options exercisable | | |
| exercise prices | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Options | | | Weighted- | | | Weighted- | | | Options | | | Weighted- | | |
| | | outstanding | | | average | | | average | | | exercisable | | | average | | |
| | | | | | exercise price1 | | | remaining | | | | | | exercise price | | |
| | | | | | | | | contractual life | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | (in years) | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| € 40.00 – 59.99 | | | 16,087 | | | | € 55.33 | | | | 4.1 | | | | – | | | | N/A | | |
| | |
| € 60.00 – 79.99 | | | 1,699 | | | | € 75.24 | | | | 5.1 | | | | – | | | | N/A | | |
| | |
| € 80.00 – 99.99 | | | 11,652 | | | | € 87.81 | | | | 3.1 | | | | – | | | | N/A | | |
| | |
N/A – Not applicable |
|
1 | | The weighted-average exercise price does not include the effect of the PARs for the DB Global Partnership Plan. |
The following is a summary of the activity in the Group’s compensation plans involving share awards (DB Share Scheme, DB Key Employee Equity Plan, Restricted Equity Units Plan and DB Global Share Plan 2004) for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002 (amounts in thousands of shares) broken into three categories. Expense for bonus awards is recognized in the applicable performance year. Expense for retention awards and DB Global Share Plan 2004 is recognized over the vesting period.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | Bonus | | | Retention | | | Global Share | | | | | | |
| in thousands of shares | | awards1 | | | awards2 | | | Plan 20043 | | | | Total | | |
| | | | | |
| Balance at December 31, 2001 | | | 5,723 | | | | 13,304 | | | | – | | | | | 19,027 | | |
| | | | | |
| Granted | | | 6,386 | | | | 12,148 | | | | – | | | | | 18,534 | | |
| | | | | |
| Issued | | | (5,603 | ) | | | (4,243 | ) | | | – | | | | | (9,846 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Forfeited | | | (417 | ) | | | (1,610 | ) | | | – | | | | | (2,027 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Balance at December 31, 2002 | | | 6,089 | | | | 19,599 | | | | – | | | | | 25,688 | | |
| | | | | |
| Granted | | | 1,036 | | | | 26,823 | | | | – | | | | | 27,859 | | |
| | | | | |
| Issued | | | (4,439 | ) | | | (3,210 | ) | | | – | | | | | (7,649 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Forfeited | | | (228 | ) | | | (1,749 | ) | | | – | | | | | (1,977 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Balance at December 31, 2003 | | | 2,458 | | | | 41,463 | | | | – | | | | | 43,921 | | |
| | | | | |
| Granted | | | 2,169 | | | | 21,848 | | | | 594 | | | | | 24,611 | | |
| | | | | |
| Issued | | | (2,832 | ) | | | (4,938 | ) | | | – | | | | | (7,770 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Forfeited | | | (231 | ) | | | (3,091 | ) | | | – | | | | | (3,322 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Balance at December 31, 2004 | | | 1,564 | | | | 55,282 | | | | 594 | | | | | 57,440 | | |
| | | | | |
1 | | The weighted-average grant-date fair values per share of deferred share awards granted during 2004, 2003 and 2002 were€ 61.11,€ 39.61 and€ 74.96, respectively. |
|
2 | | The weighted-average grant-date fair values per share of deferred share awards granted during 2004, 2003 and 2002 were€ 57.71,€ 34.62 and€ 72.56, respectively. For the outstanding balance at year-end 2004, the weighted-average grant-date fair value per share was€ 50.24 and approximately€ 1.36 billion were expensed by year-end 2004. |
|
3 | | The weighted-average grant-date fair values per share of deferred share awards granted during 2004 was€ 58.65. For the outstanding balance at year-end 2004, the weighted-average grant-date fair value per share was€ 58.65 and approximately€ 6.6 million were expensed by year-end 2004. |
In addition to the amounts shown in the table above, the Group granted the following equity awards in February 2005:
(a) Approximately 1.5 million shares under the DB Share Scheme with a fair value of€ 61.99 per share were awarded as a bonus for the 2004 performance year and included in compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2004.
(b) Approximately 13.3 million shares under the Restricted Equity Units Plan with an average fair value of€ 57.14 were awarded as retention awards.
F-46
The following is a summary of the Group’s share-based compensation plans (for which there will be no future awards) for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | Global | | | Stock | | | db Share Plan | | | DB Global Share Plan | | |
| | | Equity Plan | | | Appreciation | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Rights Plans | | | | | | | | |
| | | Convertible | | | SARs2 | | | Shares | | | Options | | | Shares | | | Performance | | | Weighted- | | |
| | | bonds1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Options3 | | | average | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | exercise | | |
| in thousands of equivalent shares | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | price | | |
| | |
| Balance at December 31, 2001 | | | 607 | | | | 16,928 | | | | N/A | | | | 3,476 | | | | N/A | | | | 175 | | | | € 87.66 | | |
| | |
| Granted | | | – | | | | 3 | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 2,082 | | | | € 55.39 | | |
| | |
| Issued | | | – | | | | (30 | ) | | | – | | | | (1,453 | ) | | | 471 | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | |
| Convertible bonds converted | | | (286 | ) | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | |
| Forfeited | | | (49 | ) | | | (555 | ) | | | – | | | | (170 | ) | | | – | | | | (22 | ) | | | € 57.99 | | |
| | |
| Balance at December 31, 2002 | | | 272 | | | | 16,346 | | | | N/A | | | | 1,853 | | | | N/A | | | | 2,235 | | | | € 57.90 | | |
| | |
| Granted | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 1,691 | | �� | | € 75.24 | | |
| | |
| Issued | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 396 | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | |
| Convertible bonds redeemed | | | (269 | ) | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | |
| Forfeited | | | (3 | ) | | | (175 | ) | | | – | | | | (14 | ) | | | – | | | | (81 | ) | | | € 57.00 | | |
| | |
| Expired | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | (1,839 | ) | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | |
| Balance at December 31, 2003 | | | – | | | | 16,171 | | | | N/A | | | | – | | | | N/A | | | | 3,845 | | | | € 65.54 | | |
| | |
| Granted | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | |
| Issued | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | |
| Exercised | | | – | | | | (387 | ) | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | |
| Forfeited | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | (260 | ) | | | € 64.02 | | |
| | |
| Expired | | | – | | | | (451 | ) | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | |
| Balance at December 31, 2004 | | | – | | | | 15,333 | | | | N/A | | | | – | | | | N/A | | | | 3,585 | | | | €65.64 | | |
| | |
| Weighted-average remaining contractual life at: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2004 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 4 years | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 4 months | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2003 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 5 years | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 4 months | | | | | | |
| | |
N/A – Not applicable. Participant was fully vested for shares purchased under the db Share Plan. |
|
1 | | Convertible bonds were included in long-term debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. |
|
2 | | SARs were granted at various strike prices. In October 2001, 16,223,276 SARs with a strike price of€ 98 vesting in 2004 and expiring in 2007 were replaced by 10,328,417 rights at a strike price of€ 67. The weighted-average strike price of the outstanding SARs at December 31, 2004 is€ 69.39 with an average remaining life of two years. |
|
3 | | The weighted/average grant-date fair value per option granted during 2003 and 2002 was€ 9.71 and€ 12.35, respectively. |
There were no options exercisable under the DB Global Share Plan at December 31, 2004. Approximately 1.8 million options granted under the DB Global Share Plan in 2002, which have an exercise price of€ 55.39, became exercisable in early 2005. As of February 28, 2005, approximately 0.2 million of these options had been exercised.
Fair Value of Share Options Assumptions
No options were granted in 2004.
The fair value of share options granted in 2003 and 2002 was estimated at the grant date using a Black-Scholes option pricing model. The information for 2003 is used in accounting for share options under the fair-value-based method which the Group adopted prospectively effective January 1, 2003. The information for 2002 is used to calculate what the effect on net income and earnings per common share would have been if the Group had applied the fair value method as shown in Note [1].
F-47
The weighted-average fair value per option and the significant assumptions used to estimate the fair values of options were:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | | Dec 31, 20041 | | | Dec 31, 2003 | | | Dec 31, 2002 | | |
| | | | | |
| Weighted-average fair value per option | | | | N/A | | | | € 9.92 | | | | € 12.03 | | |
| | | | | |
| Risk free interest rate | | | | N/A | | | | 3.52 | % | | | 3.45 | % | |
| | | | | |
| Expected lives (in years) | | | | N/A | | | | 4.0 | | | | 4.4 | | |
| | | | | |
| Dividend yield | | | | N/A | | | | 1.97 | % | | | 3.22 | % | |
| | | | | |
| Volatility | | | | N/A | | | | 26.65 | % | | | 43.2 | % | |
| | | | | |
N/A – Not applicable |
|
1 | | No options were granted in 2004. |
[21] Asset Restrictions and Dividends
Since January 1, 1999, when stage three of the European Economic and Monetary Union was implemented, the European Central Bank has had responsibility for monetary policy and control in all the member countries of the European Monetary Union, including Germany.
The European Central Bank sets minimum reserve requirements for institutions that engage in the customer deposit and lending business. These minimum reserves must equal a certain percentage of the institutions’ liabilities resulting from certain deposits, and the issuance of bonds. Liabilities to European Monetary Union national central banks and to other European Monetary Union banking institutions that are themselves subject to the minimum reserve requirements are not included in this calculation. Since January 1, 1999, the European Central Bank has set the minimum reserve rate at 2%. For deposits with a term to maturity or a notice period of more than two years, bonds with a term to maturity of more than two years and repurchase transactions, the minimum reserve rate has been set at 0%. Each institution is required to deposit its minimum reserve with the national central bank of its home country.
Cash and due from banks includes reserve balances that the Group is required to maintain with certain central banks. These required reserves were€ 424 million and€ 451 million at December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
Under Deutsche Bank’s Articles of Association and German law, dividends are based on the results of Deutsche Bank AG as prepared in accordance with German accounting rules. The Board of Managing Directors, which prepares the annual financial statements of Deutsche Bank AG on an unconsolidated basis, and the Supervisory Board, which reviews them, first allocate part of Deutsche Bank’s annual surplus (if any) to the statutory reserves and to any losses carried forward, as it is legally required to do. Then they allocate the remainder between profit reserves (or retained earnings) and balance sheet profit (or distributable profit). They may allocate up to one-half of this remainder to profit reserves, and must allocate at least one-half to balance sheet profit. The Group then distributes the amount of the balance sheet profit of Deutsche Bank AG if the Annual General Meeting resolves so.
Certain other subsidiaries are subject to various regulatory and other restrictions that may limit cash dividends and certain advances to Deutsche Bank.
[22] Regulatory Capital
The regulatory capital adequacy guidelines applicable to the Group are set forth by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, the secretariat of which is provided by the Bank for International Settlements (“BIS”) and by European Council directives, as implemented into German law. The German Federal Financial Supervisory Authority(Bundesanstalt für Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht, referred to as BaFin)in cooperation with the Deutsche Bundesbank supervises our compliance with such guidelines. Effective December 31, 2001 the BaFin permitted the Group to calculate its BIS capital adequacy ratios on the basis of the consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
F-48
The BIS capital ratio is the principal measure of capital adequacy for international banks. This ratio compares a bank’s regulatory capital with its counterparty risks and market price risks (which the Group refers to collectively as the “risk position”). Counterparty risk is measured for asset and off-balance sheet exposures according to broad categories of relative credit risk. The Group’s market risk component is a multiple of its value-at-risk figure, which is calculated for regulatory purposes based on the Group’s internal models. These models were approved by the BaFin for use in determining the Group’s market risk equivalent component of its risk position. A bank’s regulatory capital is divided into three tiers (core or Tier I capital, supplementary or Tier II capital, and Tier III capital). Core or Tier I capital consists primarily of share capital, additional paid-in capital, retained earnings and hybrid capital components, such as noncumulative trust preferred securities and equity contributed on silent partnership interests(stille Beteiligungen), less intangible assets (principally goodwill) and the impact from the tax law changes (as described below). Supplementary or Tier II capital consists primarily of profit participation rights(Genussrechte), cumulative trust preferred securities, long-term subordinated debt, unrealized gains on listed securities and other inherent loss allowance. Tier III capital consists mainly of certain short-term subordinated liabilities and it may only cover market price risk. Banks may also use Tier I and Tier II capital that is in excess of the minimum required to cover counterparty risk (excess Tier I and Tier II capital) in order to cover market price risk. The minimum BIS total capital ratio (Tier I + Tier II + Tier III) is 8% of the risk position. The minimum BIS core capital ratio (Tier I) is 4% of the risk-weighted positions and 2.29% of the market risk equivalent. The minimum core capital ratio for the total risk position therefore depends on the weighted-average of risk-weighted positions and market risk equivalent. Under BIS guidelines, the amount of subordinated debt that may be included as Tier II capital is limited to 50% of Tier I capital. Total Tier II capital is limited to 100% of Tier I capital. Tier III capital is limited to 250% of the Tier I capital not required to cover counterparty risk.
The effect of the 1999/ 2000 German Tax Reform Legislation on securities available for sale is treated differently for the regulatory capital calculation and financial accounting. For financial accounting purposes, deferred tax provisions for unrealized gains on securities available for sale are recorded directly to other comprehensive income whereas the adjustment to the related deferred tax liabilities for a change in expected effective income tax rates is recorded as an adjustment of income tax expense in current period earnings. The positive impact from the above on retained earnings of the Group from the two important German tax law changes in 1999 and 2000 amounts to approximately€ 2.7 billion and€ 2.8 billion as of December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively. For the purpose of calculating the regulatory capital, gross unrealized gains on securities available for sale are excluded from Tier I capital. The adjustment relates to accumulated other comprehensive income (€ (0.9) billion in 2004 and€ (0.9) billion in 2003 and the release of deferred tax provisions (€ 2.7 billion in 2004 and€ 2.8 billion in 2003) included in retained earnings.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. (except percentages) | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | | Dec 31, 2003 | | |
| | | | | |
| Risk-weighted positions | | | | 206,718 | | | | 206,142 | | |
| | | | | |
| Market risk equivalent1 | | | | 10,069 | | | | 9,530 | | |
| | | | | |
| Risk position | | | | 216,787 | | | | 215,672 | | |
| | | | | |
| Core capital (Tier I) | | | | 18,727 | | | | 21,618 | | |
| | | | | |
| Supplementary capital (Tier II) | | | | 9,885 | | | | 8,253 | | |
| | | | | |
| Available Tier III capital | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | | | | |
| Total regulatory capital | | | | 28,612 | | | | 29,871 | | |
| | | | | |
| Core capital ratio (Tier I) | | | | 8.6 | % | | | 10.0 | % | |
| | | | | |
| Capital ratio (Tier I + II + III) | | | | 13.2 | % | | | 13.9 | % | |
| | | | | |
1 | | A multiple of the Group’s value-at-risk, calculated with a probability level of 99% and a ten-day holding period. |
In 2004, the Group’s risk position increased by€ 1.1 billion to€ 216.8 billion on December 31, 2004.
BIS rules and the German Banking Act require the Group to cover its market price risk as of December 31, 2004, with slightly over€ 805 million of regulatory capital (Tier I + II + III). The Group met this requirement entirely with Tier I and Tier II capital.
F-49
The Group’s U.S. GAAP-based total regulatory capital was€ 28.6 billion on December 31, 2004, and core capital (Tier I) was€ 18.7 billion, compared to€ 29.9 billion and€ 21.6 billion on December 31, 2003. The Group’s supplementary capital (Tier II) of€ 9.9 billion on December 31, 2004, amounted to 53% of core capital.
The Group’s capital ratio was 13.2% on December 31, 2004, significantly higher than the 8% minimum required by the BIS guidelines. The core capital ratio was 8.6% in relation to the total risk position (including market risk equivalent).
Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandates, and possibly additional discretionary actions by the BaFin and other regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the consolidated financial statements of the Group.
The components of core and supplementary capital for the Group of companies consolidated for regulatory purposes are as follows at December 31, 2004, according to BIS:
| | | | | | |
| | |
| Core capital(in€ m.) | | Dec 31, 2004 | | |
| | |
| Common shares | | | 1,392 | | |
| | |
| Additional paid-in capital | | | 11,147 | | |
| | |
| Retained earnings, common shares in treasury, equity classified as obligation to purchase common shares, share awards, foreign currency translation | | | 14,277 | | |
| | |
| Minority interests | | | 548 | | |
| | |
| Noncumulative trust preferred securities | | | 2,520 | | |
| | |
| Other (equity contributed on silent partnership interests) | | | 525 | | |
| | |
| Items deducted (principally goodwill and tax effect of available for sale securities) | | | (11,682 | ) | |
| | |
| Total core capital | | | 18,727 | | |
| | |
| | | | | | |
| | |
| Supplementary capital(in€ m.) | | Dec 31, 2004 | | |
| | |
| Unrealized gains on listed securities (45% eligible) | | | 788 | | |
| | |
| Other inherent loss allowance | | | 453 | | |
| | |
| Cumulative preferred securities | | | 762 | | |
| | |
| Subordinated liabilities, if eligible according to BIS | | | 7,882 | | |
| | |
| Total supplementary capital | | | 9,885 | | |
| | |
The group of companies consolidated for regulatory purposes includes all subsidiaries in the meaning of the German Banking Act that are classified as credit institutions, financial services institutions and financial enterprises or bank services enterprises. It does not include insurance companies, fund management companies or companies outside the finance sector.
F-50
[23] Interest Revenues and Interest Expense
The following are the components of interest revenues and interest expense:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | | |
| | | | | |
| Interest revenues | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Interest-earning deposits with banks | | | | 797 | | | | 902 | | | | 1,469 | | |
| | | | | |
| Central bank funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements | | | | 4,647 | | | | 4,857 | | | | 6,579 | | |
| | | | | |
| Securities borrowed | | | | 1,668 | | | | 1,429 | | | | 2,809 | | |
| | | | | |
| Interest income on securities available for sale and other investments | | | | 509 | | | | 588 | | | | 1,257 | | |
| | | | | |
| Dividend income on securities available for sale and other investments | | | | 300 | | | | 386 | | | | 385 | | |
| | | | | |
| Loans | | | | 6,896 | | | | 7,649 | | | | 11,741 | | |
| | | | | |
| Trading assets | | | | 12,596 | | | | 11,286 | | | | 11,248 | | |
| | | | | |
| Other | | | | 610 | | | | 486 | | | | 293 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total interest revenues | | | | 28,023 | | | | 27,583 | | | | 35,781 | | |
| | | | | |
| Interest expense | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Interest-bearing deposits | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Domestic | | | | 1,953 | | | | 1,918 | | | | 2,662 | | |
| Foreign | | | | 5,174 | | | | 4,662 | | | | 6,657 | | |
| | | | | |
| Trading liabilities | | | | 6,866 | | | | 5,667 | | | | 4,410 | | |
| | | | | |
| Central bank funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements | | | | 4,627 | | | | 4,595 | | | | 7,049 | | |
| | | | | |
| Securities loaned | | | | 556 | | | | 430 | | | | 580 | | |
| | | | | |
| Other short-term borrowings | | | | 467 | | | | 598 | | | | 705 | | |
| | | | | |
| Long-term debt | | | | 3,198 | | | | 3,766 | | | | 6,362 | | |
| | | | | |
| Trust preferred securities | | | | – | | | | 100 | | | | 170 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total interest expense | | | | 22,841 | | | | 21,736 | | | | 28,595 | | |
| | | | | |
| Net interest revenues | | | | 5,182 | | | | 5,847 | | | | 7,186 | | |
| | | | | |
[24] Insurance Business
The following are the components of other assets related to insurance business:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | | Dec 31, 2003 | | |
| | | | | |
| Investment under unit-linked business | | | | 6,367 | | | | 7,967 | | |
| | | | | |
| Deferred acquisition costs | | | | 20 | | | | 21 | | |
| | | | | |
| Other | | | | 346 | | | | 261 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total other assets related to insurance business | | | | 6,733 | | | | 8,249 | | |
| | | | | |
All other assets of the Group’s insurance business, primarily securities available for sale, are included in the respective line item on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
The following are the components of insurance policy claims and reserves:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | | Dec 31, 2003 | | |
| | | | | |
| Benefit reserves | | | | 561 | | | | 437 | | |
| | | | | |
| Reserve for unit-linked business | | | | 6,367 | | | | 7,967 | | |
| | | | | |
| Other insurance provisions and liabilities | | | | 1,007 | | | | 667 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total insurance policy claims and reserves | | | | 7,935 | | | | 9,071 | | |
| | | | | |
F-51
[25] Pension and Other Employee Benefit Plans
The Group provides retirement arrangements covering the majority of its subsidiaries and employees working in Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States and other European and Asian countries. The majority of beneficiaries of the retirement arrangements are principally located in Germany. The value of a participant’s accrued pension benefit is based primarily on each employee’s remuneration and length of service.
Our plans are generally funded.
During 2004, the Group contributed€ 71 million to its qualified German pension plan (thereof€ 4 million initial funding and€ 67 million discretionary funding),€ 8 million to its qualified U.K. pension plans and€ 40 million to different qualified European pension plans (thereof€ 17 million initial funding and€ 23 million discretionary funding).
During 2003, the Group contributed€ 170 million to its qualified U.K. pension plans and€ 196 million to its qualified German pension schemes,€ 136 million and€ 76 million of which were discretionary contributions, respectively.
In December 2002, the Group began to fund the majority of its pension plans in Germany and contributed€ 3.9 billion to a segregated pension trust relating to an accumulated benefit obligation totaling€ 3.5 billion. In addition during 2002, the Group contributed to its qualified U.S. and U.K. pension plans approximately€ 115 million and€ 300 million, respectively.
The Group also sponsors a number of defined contribution plans covering employees of certain subsidiaries. The assets of all the Group’s defined contribution plans are held in independently administered funds. Contributions are generally determined as a percentage of salary.
In addition, the Group’s affiliates offer unfunded contributory defined benefit postretirement health care plans to a number of retired employees who are located in the United States and the United Kingdom. These plans pay stated percentages of eligible medical and dental expenses of retirees after a stated deductible has been met. The Group funds these plans on a cash basis as benefits are due.
The Group uses a measurement date of September 30 for plans in the United Kingdom and the United States. All other plans have a December 31 measurement date.
All plans are valued using the projected unit credit method. The recognition of actuarial gains and losses is applied by using the 10% “corridor” approach.
F-52
The following table provides a reconciliation of the changes in the Group’s plans’ benefit obligation and fair value of assets over the two-year period ended December 31, 2004 and a statement of the funded status as of December 31 for each year:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | | Pension benefits | | | | Postretirement benefits | | |
| in€ m. | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Change in benefit obligation | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Benefit obligation at beginning of year | | | | 6,920 | | | | 6,653 | | | | | 148 | | | | 160 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Service cost | | | | 244 | | | | 279 | | | | | 7 | | | | 8 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Interest cost | | | | 384 | | | | 375 | | | | | 9 | | | | 9 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Plan amendments | | | | – | | | | 4 | | | | | – | | | | 3 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Acquisitions/divestitures | | | | (103 | ) | | | (2 | ) | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Actuarial loss (gain) | | | | 499 | | | | 247 | | | | | (1 | ) | | | 11 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Benefits paid | | | | (320 | ) | | | (319 | ) | | | | (12 | ) | | | (12 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Curtailment/settlement/other1 | | | | 50 | | | | (46 | ) | | | | – | | | | (2 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Foreign currency exchange rate changes | | | | (82 | ) | | | (271 | ) | | | | (13 | ) | | | (29 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Benefit obligation at end of year | | | | 7,592 | | | | 6,920 | | | | | 138 | | | | 148 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Change in plan assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year | | | | 6,801 | | | | 6,296 | | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Actual return on plan assets | | | | 768 | | | | 546 | | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Employer contributions2 | | | | 310 | | | | 560 | | | | | 12 | | | | 11 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Benefits paid | | | | (119 | ) | | | (295 | ) | | | | (12 | ) | | | (11 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Curtailment/settlement/other1 | | | | (35 | ) | | | (30 | ) | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Foreign currency exchange rate changes | | | | (82 | ) | | | (276 | ) | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Fair value of plan assets at end of year | | | | 7,643 | | | | 6,801 | | | | | – | | | | - | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Funded status | | | | 51 | | | | (119 | ) | | | | (138 | ) | | | (148 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Unrecognized net actuarial loss (gain) | | | | 870 | | | | 838 | | | | | 10 | | | | 14 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Unrecognized prior service cost (benefit) | | | | (8 | ) | | | 9 | | | | | 7 | | | | 10 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Unrecognized transition obligation (assets) | | | | – | | | | 14 | | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Net amount recognized at end of year | | | | 913 | | | | 742 | | | | | (121 | ) | | | (124 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | |
1 | | Includes beginning balance of first time application of smaller schemes. |
|
2 | | Amount for 2004 includes€ 71 million,€ 8 million and€ 40 million contributed to the Group’s German, U.K. and other European pension plans, respectively. Amount for 2003 includes€ 170 million and€ 196 million contributed to the Group’s U.K. and German pension plans, respectively. |
The following amounts were recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | | Pension benefits | | | | Postretirement benefits | | |
| in€ m. | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Prepaid pension costs | | | | 1,094 | | | | 1,001 | | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Accrued benefit costs | | | | (180 | ) | | | (259 | ) | | | | (121 | ) | | | (124 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Accumulated other comprehensive income | | | | (1 | ) | | | – | | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Net amount recognized | | | | 913 | | | | 742 | | | | | (121 | ) | | | (124 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | |
The accumulated benefit obligation for all defined benefit pension plans was€ 7.1 billion and€ 6.4 billion at December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
F-53
The following table shows the information for defined benefit pension plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of the fair value of plan assets:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | | Dec 31, 2003 | | |
| | | | | |
| Projected benefit obligation | | | | 70 | | | | 374 | | |
| | | | | |
| Accumulated benefit obligation | | | | 57 | | | | 329 | | |
| | | | | |
| Fair value of plan assets | | | | 30 | | | | 103 | | |
| | | | | |
The information for defined benefit pension plans with a projected benefit obligation in excess of the fair value of plan assets is shown in the following table.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | | Dec 31, 2003 | | |
| | | | | |
| Projected benefit obligation | | | | 239 | | | | 1,873 | | |
| | | | | |
| Accumulated benefit obligation | | | | 203 | | | | 1,658 | | |
| | | | | |
| Fair value of plan assets | | | | 185 | | | | 1,667 | | |
| | | | | |
The accumulated postretirement benefit obligation exceeds plan assets for all of the company’s other postretirement benefit plans as they are unfunded.
The Group’s pension plan weighted-average asset allocations at December 31, 2004 and 2003, by asset category are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | | Target allocation | | | | Percentage of plan assets | | |
| | | | Dec 31, 2005 | | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | | | Dec 31, 2003 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Asset category | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Equity securities | | | | 16 | % | | | | 17 | % | | | | 27 | % | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Debt securities | | | | 82 | % | | | | 73 | % | | | | 65 | % | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Real Estate and other | | | | 2 | % | | | | 10 | % | | | | 8 | % | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total | | | | 100 | % | | | | 100 | % | | | | 100 | % | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
The Group’s pension plan investment strategy is to match the maturity profiles of the assets and liabilities in order to reduce the future volatility of pension expense and funding status of the plans. This involves the rebalancing of the investment portfolios to reduce the exposure to equity securities as well as increase the amount and duration of the fixed income portfolio. During 2004, a reduction of the average equity share of the portfolios to 17% was achieved. In the last quarter of 2003, the average equity share of the portfolios had been reduced from 35% to below 30% at year end 2003.
An extension of the average duration of the fixed income portfolio has also occurred during 2004 so that it more closely matches the duration of the liabilities. Implementation of the investment strategy has occurred for the German, United States and United Kingdom plans and will be extended in 2005 to other locations subject to the constraints of the regulatory and legal framework applicable to the particular pension plans. The asset allocation of each of the Group’s pension plans is reviewed regularly.
Plan Assets include derivative transactions with the Group for its qualified German and Luxembourg scheme totaling to€ 250 million. In addition there are€ 2 million of debt securities issued by the Group included in the plan assets.
The Group expects to contribute approximately€ 250 million to its pension plans in 2005, representing expected service costs in 2005.
The table below reflects the total benefits expected to be paid from both the plan assets and from the Company’s assets, including both the Company’s share of the benefit cost and the participants’ share of the cost, which is funded by participant contributions to the plan.
F-54
Expected benefits to be paid from the plan assets and direct payments from the company to participants’ total:
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | Pension Benefits | | | Postretirement Benefits | | |
| | |
| 2005 | | | 290 | | | | 9 | | |
| | |
| 2006 | | | 306 | | | | 9 | | |
| | |
| 2007 | | | 328 | | | | 9 | | |
| | |
| 2008 | | | 342 | | | | 10 | | |
| | |
| 2009 | | | 359 | | | | 10 | | |
| | |
| 2010 – 2014 | | | 2,144 | | | | 50 | | |
| | |
Benefits expense for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, included the following components:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | | Pension benefits | | | | Postretirement benefits | | |
| in€ m. | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Service cost | | | | 244 | | | | 279 | | | | 323 | | | | | 7 | | | | 8 | | | | 4 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Interest cost | | | | 384 | | | | 375 | | | | 384 | | | | | 9 | | | | 9 | | | | 8 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Expected return on plan assets | | | | (388 | ) | | | (409 | ) | | | (175 | ) | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Actuarial loss (gain) recognized | | | | 61 | | | | 66 | | | | 39 | | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Settlement/curtailment | | | | 5 | | | | (7 | ) | | | 4 | | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Amortization of unrecognized transition obligation (asset) | | | | 17 | | | | (9 | ) | | | (10 | ) | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Total defined benefit plans | | | | 323 | | | | 295 | | | | 565 | | | | | 16 | | | | 17 | | | | 12 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Defined contribution plans | | | | 151 | | | | 167 | | | | 228 | | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Net periodic benefit expense | | | | 474 | | | | 462 | | | | 793 | | | | | 16 | | | | 17 | | | | 12 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
The following actuarial assumptions were calculated on a weighted-average basis and reflect the local economic conditions for each country’s respective defined benefit and postretirement benefit plans:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | | Pension benefits | | | | Postretirement benefits | | |
| | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Discount rate in determining expense | | | | 5.5 | % | | | 5.4 | % | | | 5.7 | % | | | | 5.9 | % | | | 6.0 | % | | | 6.7 | % | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Discount rate in determining benefit obligations at year-end | | | | 5.0 | % | | | 5.5 | % | | | 5.8 | % | | | | 5.7 | % | | | 5.9 | % | | | 6.7 | % | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Rate of increase in future compensation levels for determining expense | | | | 3.3 | % | | | 3.5 | % | | | 3.0 | % | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Rate of increase in future compensation levels for determining benefit obligations at year-end | | | | 3.3 | % | | | 3.3 | % | | | 2.0 | % | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Expected long-term rate of return on assets | | | | 5.6 | % | | | 5.6 | % | | | 6.7 | % | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | |
| | | | | | | | |
The expected return on the Group’s defined benefit pension plans’ assets is calculated by applying a risk premium which reflects the inherent risks associated with each relevant asset category over a risk-free return. This percentage is applied against the target assets in each category to arrive at an expected total return. Using this so-called “building block” approach globally ensures that the Group has a consistent framework in place. In addition, it allows sufficient flexibility to allow for changes that need to be built in to reflect local specific conditions. The determination of the expected return on plan assets for 2005 was based on the actual asset allocation as of the measurement date. The ten-year government fixed interest bond yield for the country in which each plan is located was used as the basis for the risk-free return. An additional risk premium was then added to the risk-free return for equities and real estate, respectively. The additional return for debt securities was calculated by reference to the mix of debt securities in each plan with the return representing an appropriate return for each category
F-55
of debt security. For cash, the Group estimated the expected return to be equivalent to the yield of a short-term (two to three years) bond for the applicable country.
In determining postretirement benefits expense, an annual weighted-average rate of increase of 10.7% in the per capita cost of covered health care benefits was assumed for 2005. The rate is assumed to decrease gradually to 5.0% by 2010 and remain at that level thereafter.
Assumed health care cost trend rates have an effect on the amounts reported for the retiree health care plans. A one-percentage-point change in assumed health care cost trend rates would have the following effects on the Group’s retiree health care plans:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | | One-percentage point increase | | | | One-percentage point decrease | | |
| in€ m. | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Effect on total of service and interest cost components | | | | 2 | | | | 3 | | | | | (2 | ) | | | (2 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Effect on accumulated postretirement benefit obligation | | | | 22 | | | | 18 | | | | | (19 | ) | | | (16 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | |
In May 2004, the FASB issued Staff Position 106-2, “Accounting and Disclosure Requirements Related to the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003” (“FSP 106-2”), which superseded FSP 106-1 issued in January 2004. The Act, signed into law in the U.S. on December 8, 2003, introduces a prescription drug benefit as well as a subsidy to sponsors of retiree health care benefit plans that provide a benefit that is at least actuarially equivalent to benefits provided under the Act. FSP 106-2, which is effective for the reporting period beginning after June 15th, 2004, provides authoritative guidance on the accounting for the effects of the Act and disclosure guidance related to the federal subsidy provided by the Act. The Group determined that the effects of the Act were not a significant event requiring an interim remeasurement under SFAS No. 106, “Employers’ Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions.” Consequently, as permitted by FSP 106-2, net periodic postretirement benefit cost for 2004 does not reflect the effects of the Act. The accumulated postretirement benefit obligation (“APBO”) for the postretirement benefit plan was remeasured at September 30, 2004 to reflect the effects of the Act, which resulted in a reduction of the APBO of approximately€ 36 million.
[26] Income Taxes
The components of income taxes (benefits) follow:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | | |
| | | | | |
| Domestic | | | | (201 | ) | | | 305 | | | | 215 | | |
| | | | | |
| Foreign | | | | 920 | | | | 968 | | | | 494 | | |
| | | | | |
| Current taxes | | | | 719 | | | | 1,273 | | | | 709 | | |
| | | | | |
| Domestic | | | | 572 | | | | 37 | | | | 2,992 | | |
| | | | | |
| Foreign | | | | 266 | | | | 232 | | | | (512 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Deferred taxes | | | | 838 | | | | 269 | | | | 2,480 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total | | | | 1,557 | | | | 1,542 | | | | 3,189 | | |
| | | | | |
F-56
The following is an analysis of the difference between the amount that would result from applying the German statutory income tax rate to income before tax and the Group’s actual income tax expense:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | | |
| | | | | |
| Expected tax expense at German statutory income tax rate of 39.2% (40.5% for 2003 and 39.2% for 2002) | | | | 1,579 | | | | 1,116 | | | | 1,391 | | |
| | | | | |
| Reversal of 1999/2000 credits for tax rate changes | | | | 120 | | | | 215 | | | | 2,817 | | |
| | | | | |
| Effect of changes of German tax law | | | | – | | | | 154 | | | | – | | |
| | | | | |
| Domestic tax rate differential on dividend distribution | | | | 14 | | | | 1 | | | | (65 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Tax-exempt gains on securities and other income | | | | (330 | ) | | | (637 | ) | | | (1,824 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Foreign tax-rate differential | | | | (126 | ) | | | (298 | ) | | | 87 | | |
| | | | | |
| Change in valuation allowance | | | | (7 | ) | | | 99 | | | | 254 | | |
| | | | | |
| Nondeductible expenses | | | | 312 | | | | 647 | | | | 223 | | |
| | | | | |
| Goodwill impairment | | | | – | | | | 46 | | | | 24 | | |
| | | | | |
| Tax credit related to domestic dividend received | | | | – | | | | (1 | ) | | | (7 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Tax rate differential on (income) loss on equity method investments | | | | (80 | ) | | | 171 | | | | 348 | | |
| | | | | |
| Other | | | | 75 | | | | 29 | | | | (59 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Actual income tax expense | | | | 1,557 | | | | 1,542 | | | | 3,189 | | |
| | | | | |
The domestic tax rate including corporate tax, solidarity surcharge, and trade tax used for calculating deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002 was 39.2%. For the year 2003 only, the corporate income tax rate was temporarily increased by 1.5% to 26.5% which increased the statutory income tax rate to 40.5%. The applicable statutory income tax rate for temporary differences that reversed after 2003 reverted to 39.2%.
For the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, due to actual sales of equity securities on which there was accumulated deferred tax provision in other comprehensive income, it was necessary to reverse those provisions as income tax expense. This treatment led to income tax expense of€ 120 million,€ 215 million and€ 2,817 million, respectively. This adjustment does not result in actual tax payments and has no net effect on shareholders’ equity.
The remaining accumulated deferred tax amounts recorded within other comprehensive income will be reversed as income tax expense in the periods that the related securities are sold. At December 31, 2004 and 2003, the amount of these deferred taxes accumulated within other comprehensive income that will reverse in a future period as tax expense when the securities are sold is approximately€ 2.7 billion and€ 2.8 billion, respectively.
The enactment of the German Act for the reduction of Tax Allowances and Exemptions (StVergAbG) in May 2003 provided a minimum taxation for trade tax purposes which resulted in a catch-up tax expense of€ 107 million. In December 2003, the German Federal Government modified the taxation of capital gains and dividends with the 2004 Tax Reform Act by treating 5% of any tax-exempt dividend and tax-exempt capital gains as non-tax deductible for corporation tax purposes. The new rules applicable from 2004 resulted in an additional deferred tax expense of€ 47 million in 2003.
F-57
The tax effects of each type of temporary difference and carry-forward that give rise to significant portions of deferred income tax assets and liabilities are the following:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | | Dec 31, 2003* | | |
| | | | | |
| Deferred income tax assets: | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Trading activities | | | | 20,279 | | | | 10,589 | | |
| | | | | |
| Net operating loss carry-forwards and tax credits | | | | 1,940 | | | | 2,513 | | |
| | | | | |
| Property and equipment, net | | | | 402 | | | | 521 | | |
| | | | | |
| Other assets | | | | 13 | | | | 1,106 | | |
| | | | | |
| Allowance for loan losses | | | | 106 | | | | 265 | | |
| | | | | |
| Other provisions | | | | 1,944 | | | | 590 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total deferred income tax assets | | | | 24,684 | | | | 15,584 | | |
| | | | | |
| Valuation allowance | | | | (888 | ) | | | (964 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Deferred tax assets after valuation allowance | | | | 23,796 | | | | 14,620 | | |
| | | | | |
| Deferred income tax liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Trading activities | | | | 21,232 | | | | 11,550 | | |
| | | | | |
| Property and equipment, net | | | | 412 | | | | 546 | | |
| | | | | |
| Securities valuation | | | | 140 | | | | 82 | | |
| | | | | |
| Other liabilities | | | | 544 | | | | 74 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total deferred income tax liabilities | | | | 22,328 | | | | 12,252 | | |
| | | | | |
| Net deferred income tax assets | | | | 1,468 | | | | 2,368 | | |
| | | | | |
* | | Prior year amounts have been restated to conform to current year presentation. |
Included in other assets and other liabilities at December 31, 2004 and 2003 are deferred tax assets of€ 3.7 billion and€ 3.6 billion and deferred tax liabilities of€ 2.2 billion and€ 1.3 billion, respectively.
Certain foreign branches and companies in the Group have deferred tax assets related to net operating loss carry-forwards and tax credits available to reduce future tax expense. The net operating loss carry-forwards at December 31, 2004 were€ 5.2 billion of which€ 3.4 billion have no expiration date and€ 1.8 billion expire at various dates extending to 2024. Tax credits were€ 158 million of which€ 0.8 million will expire in 2005 and€ 0.4 million will expire in 2006 and€ 157 million have other expiration dates. The Group has established a valuation allowance where it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets relating to these losses and credits will not be realized.
The Group is under continuous examinations by the tax authorities in various countries. In 2004 a tax audit in the U.S. covering fiscal years until 2000 was settled without material impact on income taxes. Tax reserves have been established, which we believe to be adequate in relation to the potential for additional assessments.
The Group did not provide income taxes or foreign withholding taxes on€ 6.8 billion of cumulative earnings of foreign subsidiaries as of December 31, 2004 because these earnings are intended to be indefinitely reinvested in those operations. It is not practicable to estimate the amount of unrecognized deferred tax liabilities for these undistributed earnings. The American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 was signed into law by the President of the United States on October 22, 2004 and provides, in part a reduced rate of U.S. tax on certain dividends received from foreign subsidiaries of U.S. taxpayers. The Group estimates that approximately€ 370 million may be eligible for repatriation under this provision. The Group is still evaluating the effect of such a repatriation, and is not yet able to reasonably estimate the income tax effect thereof, but it is not anticipated that such repatriation would have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
F-58
[27] Earnings Per Common Share
Basic earnings per common share amounts are computed by dividing net income by the average number of common shares outstanding during the year. The average number of common shares outstanding is defined as the average number of common shares issued, reduced by the average number of shares in treasury and by the average number of shares that will be acquired under physically settled forward purchase contracts and increased by undistributed vested shares awarded under deferred share plans.
Diluted earnings per share assumes the conversion into common shares of outstanding securities or other contracts to issue common stock, such as share options, convertible debt, unvested deferred share awards and certain forward contracts.
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | | |
| | | | | |
| Income before cumulative effect of accounting changes, net of tax | | | | 2,472 | | | | 1,214 | | | | 360 | | |
| | | | | |
| Cumulative effect of accounting changes, net of tax | | | | – | | | | 151 | | | | 37 | | |
| | | | | |
| Numerator for basic earnings per share – net income | | | | 2,472 | | | | 1,365 | | | | 397 | | |
| | | | | |
| Effect of dilutive securities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Forwards | | | | (65 | ) | | | – | | | | – | | |
| Convertible debt | | | | 4 | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | | | | |
| Numerator for diluted earnings per share – net income applicable to common shareholders after assumed conversions | | | | 2,411 | | | | 1,365 | | | | 397 | | |
| | | | | |
| Number of shares in m. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Denominator for basic earnings per share – weighted-average shares outstanding | | | | 492.6 | | | | 559.3 | | | | 615.9 | | |
| | | | | |
| Effect of dilutive securities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Forwards | | | | 9.3 | | | | 10.4 | | | | 3.8 | | |
| Employee stock compensation options | | | | 4.9 | | | | 0.7 | | | | 0.4 | | |
| Convertible debt | | | | 1.9 | | | | – | | | | 0.1 | | |
| Deferred shares | | | | 23.0 | | | | 19.1 | | | | 6.1 | | |
| Other (including trading options) | | | | – | | | | 0.2 | | | | 0.2 | | |
| | | | | |
| Dilutive potential common shares | | | | 39.1 | | | | 30.4 | | | | 10.6 | | |
| | | | | |
| Denominator for diluted earnings per share – adjusted weighted-average shares after assumed conversions | | | | 531.7 | | | | 589.7 | | | | 626.5 | | |
| | | | | |
The diluted EPS computations do not include the anti-dilutive effect of the following potential common shares:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Number of shares in m. | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | | |
| | | | | |
| Forward purchase contracts | | | | 10.0 | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | | | | |
| Forward sale contracts | | | | – | | | | 3.1 | | | | 26.0 | | |
| | | | | |
| Put options sold | | | | 1.5 | | | | – | | | | 0.4 | | |
| | | | | |
| Call options sold | | | | – | | | | 1.3 | | | | 0.3 | | |
| | | | | |
| Stock compensation awards | | | | 13.6 | | | | 15.5 | | | | 0.2 | | |
| | | | | |
| Convertible Debt | | | | 0.2 | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | | | | |
F-59
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | | |
| | | | | |
| Basic earnings per share | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Income before cumulative effect of accounting changes, net of tax | | | | 5.02 | | | | 2.17 | | | | 0.58 | | |
| | | | | |
| Cumulative effect of accounting changes, net of tax | | | | – | | | | 0.27 | | | | 0.06 | | |
| | | | | |
| Net income | | | | 5.02 | | | | 2.44 | | | | 0.64 | | |
| | | | | |
| Diluted earnings per share | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Income before cumulative effect of accounting changes, net of tax | | | | 4.53 | | | | 2.06 | | | | 0.57 | | |
| | | | | |
| Cumulative effect of accounting changes, net of tax | | | | – | | | | 0.25 | | | | 0.06 | | |
| | | | | |
| Net income | | | | 4.53 | | | | 2.31 | | | | 0.63 | | |
| | | | | |
[28] Business Segments and Related Information
The Group’s segment reporting follows the organizational structure as reflected in its internal management reporting systems, which are the basis for assessing the financial performance of the business segments and for allocating resources to the business segments.
Organizational Structure
In order to best serve the Group’s clients and manage its investments, Deutsche Bank is organized into three Group Divisions, which are further sub-divided into corporate divisions. As of December 31, 2004, the Group Divisions were:
The Corporate and Investment Bank (CIB)combines the Group’s corporate banking and securities activities (including sales and trading, corporate finance, global banking and loan exposure management activities), with the Group’s transaction banking activities. CIB serves corporate and institutional clients, ranging from medium-sized enterprises to multinational corporations, banks and sovereign organizations.
Private Clients and Asset Management (PCAM)combines the Group’s asset management, private wealth management and private and business client activities. Within PCAM, we manage these activities in two global corporate divisions: Asset and Wealth Management (AWM) and Private & Business Clients (PBC)
– | | AWM comprises two business divisions. Asset Management Business Division (AM), which focuses on managing assets on behalf of institutional clients, including pension funds, and providing mutual funds and other investment vehicles for private individuals, and Private Wealth Management (PWM), which focuses, globally, on the specific needs of demanding high net worth clients, their families and selected institutions. |
– | | PBC serves retail and affluent clients as well as small corporate customers. PBC focuses on three core European markets: Germany, Italy and Spain. |
Corporate Investments (CI)combines the management of the Group’s industrial holdings, private equity investments, and other corporate principal investment activities.
In addition to these three group divisions, Deutsche Bank’s organization includes a Corporate Center, which supports cross-divisional management and leadership.
Significant Changes in Management Responsibility
Management responsibility has changed for a deposit product activity, which was previously reported within the Corporate Banking & Securities Corporate Division and has been transferred to the Global Transaction Banking Corporate Division. In addition, the London based PCS business unit was transferred from the Asset and Wealth Management Corporate Division to the Corporate Banking & Securities Corporate Division.
Prior periods have been restated to conform to the current year’s presentation.
F-60
Impact of Acquisitions and Divestitures During 2004 and 2003
The effects of significant acquisitions and divestitures on segmental results are described below:
– | | In December 2004, the Group completed the integration of Dresdner Bank’s former institutional custody business in Germany. This business was included in the corporate division Global Transaction Banking. |
– | | In November 2004, the Group signed an agreement with Legg Mason for the sale of a selected portion of the private client unit of Scudder, Scudder Private Investment Counsel (PIC). Under this agreement, Legg Mason will assume all investment advisory agreements and retain the staff from New York, Philadelphia, Chicago and Cincinnati Scudder PIC offices. This transaction closed December 31, 2004. |
– | | In November 2004, the Group completed the acquisition of the remaining minority interests in DWS Holding & Service GmbH. |
– | | In October 2004, the Group completed the acquisition of substantially all of the origination and servicing assets of Berkshire Mortgage Finance L.P., a U.S. commercial mortgage bank specializing in financing for multifamily properties. This business was included in the corporate division Corporate Banking & Securities. |
– | | In September 2004, the Group merged three Australian trusts — Deutsche Diversified Trust, Deutsche Office Trust and Deutsche Industrial Trust — into a new trust, DB RREEF Trust. The merger created Australia’s fourth largest listed property trust. In connection with this transaction the Group transferred its Australian fiduciary real estate trust management and property management business into a subsidiary, renamed DB RREEF Holdings. The Group subsequently sold a 50% interest in DB RREEF Holdings and recognized a net gain of€ 18 million within the Group’s Asset and Wealth Management Corporate Division. |
– | | Effective July 2004, the Group sold its wholly-owned subsidiary DB Payment Projektgesellschaft to the Betriebscenter fuer Banken Deutschland GmbH & Co KG (BCB), a 100% subsidiary of Deutsche Postbank AG. Since then BCB provides payment transaction services to the Group for its German domestic and parts of its foreign payment transactions. Prior to the sale, DB Payment Projektgesellschaft had been managed within the infrastructure groups of the Private Client and Asset Management Group Division. The loss on sale was partly recognized within the Private & Business Clients Division and partly within Global Transaction Banking. |
– | | In June 2004, the Group’s wholly-owned subsidiary european transaction bank ag (etb), which had been managed under the Private Clients and Asset Management Group Division, was deconsolidated in the course of entering into a securities processing partnership with Xchanging Holdings, which assumes operational management of securities, funds and derivatives processing. The etb was transferred to Xchanging etb GmbH (formerly Zweite Xchanging GmbH), an equity method investment under the Corporate and Investment Bank Group Division. |
– | | In the first quarter of 2004, the Group completed the sale of its interest in the operations of maxblue Americas, which had been included in Corporate Investments, to Banco do Brazil. |
– | | In January, 2004 the Group completed the purchase of a 40% stake in United Financial Group (UFG). Deutsche Bank and Moscow-based UFG cooperate on research, sales and trading of Russian equities and Russian corporate finance business. This business was included in the corporate division Corporate Banking & Securities. |
– | | In July 2003, the Group sold its investments in Tele Columbus GmbH and in Tele Columbus Ost GmbH (formally SMATcom GmbH), which were included in the Corporate Investments Group Division. |
– | | In March 2003, the Group completed the acquisition of Rued, Blass & Cie AG Bankgeschaeft, a Swiss private bank. The majority of the business was included in the corporate division Asset and Wealth Management. |
– | | In February 2003, the Group completed the sale of 80% of its late-stage private equity portfolio, which had been managed under the Corporate Investments Group Division. |
– | | In January 2003, the Group completed the sale of most of its Passive Asset Management business to Northern Trust Corporation. |
F-61
– | | In January 2003, the Group sold substantial parts of its Global Securities Services business to State Street Corporation. The completion of the sale of the Italian and Austrian parts of the business occurred in the third quarter of 2003 in a separate but related transaction. The business units included in the sale were Global Custody, Global Funds Services (including Depotbank services) and Agency Securities Lending, which were previously included in the Global Transaction Banking Corporate Division. In addition, the sale included Domestic Custody and Securities Clearing in the U.S. and the United Kingdom. |
– | | In January 2003, the German commercial real estate financing activities were transferred to EUROHYPO AG. This increased the Group’s share of EUROHYPO AG to 37.7%. EUROHYPO AG resulted from the merger in 2002 of the Group’s former mortgage banking subsidiary “EUROHYPO AG Europäische Hypothekenbank der Deutschen Bank” with the mortgage banking subsidiaries of Dresdner Bank AG and Commerzbank AG. Since the merger, EUROHYPO AG has been included in the Corporate Investments Group Division. The Group has accounted for this investment under the equity method. |
Changes in the Format of Segment Disclosure
The revenue breakdown by product for the Corporate and Investment Bank Group Division has been modified to reflect current industry practice. Loan syndication revenues, formerly reported as loan products, have now been included within origination (debt).
Prior periods have been restated to conform to the current year’s presentation.
Definitions of Financial Measures Used in the Format of Segment Disclosure
In the segmental results of operations, the following terms with the following meanings are used with respect to each segment:
– | | Operating cost base:Noninterest expenses less provision for off-balance sheet positions (reclassified to provision for credit losses), policyholder benefits and claims, minority interest, restructuring activities and goodwill/intangible impairment. |
– | | Underlying pre-tax profit:Income before income taxes less restructuring activities, goodwill/intangible impairment and specific revenue items as referred to in the table for such segment. |
– | | Underlying cost/income ratio in %:Operating cost base as a percentage of total net revenues excluding the revenue items excluded from the corresponding underlying pre-tax profit figure, net of policyholder benefits and claims.Cost/income ratio in %, which is defined as total noninterest expenses less provision for off-balance sheet positions, as a percentage of total net revenues, is also provided. |
– | | Average active equity:The portion of adjusted average total shareholders’ equity that has been allocated to a segment pursuant to the capital allocation framework. The overriding objective of this framework is to allocate adjusted average total shareholders’ equity based on the respective goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lifetimes as well as the economic risk position of each segment. In determining the total amount of average active equity to be allocated, average total shareholders’ equity is adjusted to exclude average unrealized net gains on securities available for sale, net of applicable tax effects, and average dividends. |
– | | Underlying return on average active equity in %:Underlying pre-tax profit as a percentage of average active equity.Return on average active equity in %,which is defined as income before income taxes as a percentage of average active equity, is also provided. These returns, which are based on average active equity, should not be compared to those of other companies without considering the differences in the calculation of such ratios. |
Management uses these measures as part of its internal reporting system because it believes that such measures provide it with a more useful indication of the financial performance of the business segments. The Group discloses such measures to provide investors and analysts with further insight into how management operates the Group’s businesses and to enable them to better understand the Group’s results. The Group has excluded the following items in deriving the above measures for the following reasons.
F-62
– | | Net gains (losses) from businesses sold/held for sale:Gains or losses are excluded from the calculations of underlying results because they do not represent results of the Group’s continuing businesses. |
– | | Net gains (losses) from securities available for sale/industrial holdings (including hedging):Net gains or losses related to several financial holdings investments and to the Group’s portfolio of shareholdings in publicly-listed industrial companies, most of which the Group has held for over 20 years and which the Group is reducing over time. Because these investments do not relate to the Group’s customer-driven businesses, the Group excludes all revenues (positive and negative) related to these investments from its underlying results, except for dividend income from the investments, which the Group does not exclude as funding costs associated with the investments are also not excluded. |
– | | Significant equity pick-ups/net gains and losses from investments:This item includes significant net gains/ losses from equity method investments and other significant investments. They are excluded in the calculation of underlying results since they reflect results that are not related to the Group’s customer-driven businesses. |
– | | Net gains (losses) on the sale of premises:This item includes net gains or losses on the sale of premises used for banking purposes. Net losses in 2003 related to the divestiture of non-core activities pursuant to the Group’s transformation strategy. |
– | | Policyholder benefits and claims:For internal steering purposes, policyholder benefits and claims are reclassified from noninterest expenses to noninterest revenues so as to consider them together with insurance revenues, to which they are related. The reclassification does not affect the calculation of underlying pre-tax profits. Following the disposition of most of the Group’s insurance operations in early 2002, the size of this item has decreased significantly. |
– | | Provision for off-balance sheet positions:Provision for off-balance sheet positions is reclassified from noninterest expenses to provision for credit losses because provision for off-balance sheet positions and provision for loan losses are managed together. This reclassification does not affect the calculation of underlying pre-tax profit. |
– | | Change in measurement of other inherent loan loss allowance:In the third quarter of 2002, the Group took a charge of€ 200 million to reflect a refinement in the measurement of the other inherent loss allowance. This change was made in order to make the provision more sensitive to the prevailing credit environment and less based on historical experience. This effect does not affect the calculation of underlying pre-tax profit. |
– | | Restructuring activities and Goodwill/intangible impairmentare excluded from the calculation of operating cost base and thus underlying pre-tax profit because these items are not considered part of the day-to-day business operations and therefore not indicative of trends. |
– | | Minority interest:Minority interest represents the net share of minority shareholders in revenues, provision for loan losses, noninterest expenses and income tax expenses. This net component is reported as a noninterest expense item. This item is not considered to be an operating expense, but as a minority shareholder’s portion of net income. Accordingly, such item is excluded in the determination of the operating cost base. Minority interest is reflected in the calculation of underlying pre-tax profit as a separate item. |
– | | Adjustments to calculate average active equity:The items excluded from average total shareholders’ equity to calculate average active equity result primarily from the portfolio of shareholdings in publicly-listed industrial companies. The Group has held most of its larger participations for over 20 years, and is reducing these holdings over time. Gains and losses on these securities are realized only when the Group sells them. Accordingly, the adjustments the Group makes to average total shareholders’ equity to derive the average active equity are to exclude unrealized net gains or losses on securities available for sale, net of applicable tax effects. In addition, the Group adjusts its average total shareholders’ equity for the effect of paying a dividend once a year following approval at the Annual General Meeting. |
F-63
Framework of the Group’s Management Reporting Systems
Business segment results are determined based on the Group’s internal management reporting process, which reflects the way management views its businesses, and are not necessarily prepared in accordance with the Group’s U.S. GAAP consolidated financial statements. This internal management reporting process may be different than the processes used by other financial institutions and therefore should be considered in making any comparisons with those institutions. Since the Group’s business activities are diverse in nature and its operations are integrated, certain estimates and judgments have been made to apportion revenue and expense items among the business segments.
The management reporting systems follow the “matched transfer pricing concept” in which the Group’s external net interest revenues are allocated to the business segments based on the assumption that all positions are funded or invested via the money and capital markets. Therefore, to create comparability with competitors who have legally independent units with their own equity funding, the Group allocates among the business segments the notional interest credit on its consolidated capital resulting from a method for allocating funding costs. This credit is allocated in proportion to each business segment’s allocated average active equity, and is included in the segment’s net interest revenues.
In 2004, the Group further refined its economic capital framework. The allocation of the Group’s average active equity to the segments, which is driven by their economic capital as well as goodwill and other unamortized intangible assets attributable to them, now also reflects the diversification benefits across credit and market risk categories. As a result, the economic capital and the allocated average active equity of the segments decreased, with a corresponding increase in the average active equity of “Consolidation & Adjustments”. For the restated full-year 2003 this meant that€ 1.1 billion of average active equity is now recorded in “Consolidation & Adjustments”.
Revenues from transactions between the business segments are allocated on a mutually agreed basis. Internal service providers (including the Corporate Center), which operate on a nonprofit basis, allocate their noninterest expenses to the recipient of the service. The allocation criteria are generally contractually agreed and are either determined based upon “price per unit” (for areas with countable services) or “fixed price” or “agreed percentages” (for all areas without countable services).
F-64
Segmental Results of Operations
The following tables present the results of the business segments for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| 2004 | | Corporate and Investment Bank | | | Private Clients and Asset Management | | | Corporate | | | Total | | |
| | | Corporate | | | Global | | | Total | | | Asset and | | | Private & | | | Total | | | Invest- | | | Manage- | | |
| | | Banking & | | | Trans- | | | | | | Wealth | | | Business | | | | | | ments | | | ment | | |
| | | Securities | | | action | | | | | | Manage- | | | Clients | | | | | | | | | Reporting | | |
| in€ m. (except percentages) | | | | | Banking | | | | | | ment | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Net revenues1 | | | 11,437 | | | | 1,893 | | | | 13,331 | | | | 3,491 | | | | 4,539 | | | | 8,030 | | | | 621 | | | | 21,981 | | |
| | |
| Provision for loan losses | | | 80 | | | | 9 | | | | 89 | | | | (6 | ) | | | 270 | | | | 264 | | | | 19 | | | | 372 | | |
| | |
| Provision for off-balance sheet positions | | | (66 | ) | | | 1 | | | | (65 | ) | | | – | | | | (1 | ) | | | (1 | ) | | | – | | | | (65 | ) | |
| | |
| Total provision for credit losses | | | 14 | | | | 11 | | | | 24 | | | | (6 | ) | | | 269 | | | | 263 | | | | 19 | | | | 307 | | |
| | |
| Operating cost base2 | | | 8,670 | | | | 1,574 | | | | 10,245 | | | | 2,925 | | | | 3,287 | | | | 6,212 | | | | 414 | | | | 16,871 | | |
| | |
| Policyholder benefits and claims | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 50 | | | | – | | | | 50 | | | | – | | | | 50 | | |
| | |
| Minority interest | | | 5 | | | | – | | | | 5 | | | | 1 | | | | – | | | | 1 | | | | (1 | ) | | | 4 | | |
| | |
| Restructuring activities | | | 272 | | | | 28 | | | | 299 | | | | 88 | | | | 10 | | | | 98 | | | | 3 | | | | 400 | | |
| | |
| Goodwill impairment/impairment of intangibles | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 19 | | | | – | | | | 19 | | | | – | | | | 19 | | |
| | |
| Total noninterest expenses4 | | | 8,947 | | | | 1,602 | | | | 10,549 | | | | 3,083 | | | | 3,297 | | | | 6,380 | | | | 416 | | | | 17,344 | | |
| | |
| Income (loss) before income taxes5 | | | 2,477 | | | | 280 | | | | 2,757 | | | | 415 | | | | 973 | | | | 1,387 | | | | 185 | | | | 4,330 | | |
| | |
| Add (deduct): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Net (gains) losses from business sold/held for sale | | | – | | | | (31 | ) | | | (31 | ) | | | (32 | ) | | | 24 | | | | (8 | ) | | | (38 | ) | | | (76 | ) | |
| | |
| Significant equity pick-ups/net (gains) from investments | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | (148 | ) | | | (148 | ) | |
| | |
| Net (gains) on securities available for sale/industrial holdings including hedging | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | (176 | ) | | | (176 | ) | |
| | |
| Net (gains) on the sale of premises | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | (20 | ) | | | (20 | ) | |
| | |
| Restructuring activities | | | 272 | | | | 28 | | | | 299 | | | | 88 | | | | 10 | | | | 98 | | | | 3 | | | | 400 | | |
| | |
| Goodwill impairment/impairment of intangibles | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 19 | | | | – | | | | 19 | | | | – | | | | 19 | | |
| | |
| Underlying pre-tax profit (loss) | | | 2,749 | | | | 277 | | | | 3,026 | | | | 490 | | | | 1,007 | | | | 1,497 | | | | (194 | ) | | | 4,328 | | |
| | |
| Cost/income ratio in % | | | 78 | | | | 85 | | | | 79 | | | | 88 | | | | 73 | | | | 79 | | | | 67 | | | | 79 | | |
| | |
| Underlying cost/income ratio in % | | | 76 | | | | 85 | | | | 77 | | | | 86 | | | | 72 | | | | 78 | | | | 174 | | | | 78 | | |
| | |
| Assets3, 6 | | | 720,546 | | | | 16,639 | | | | 729,872 | | | | 34,945 | | | | 78,930 | | | | 113,818 | | | | 16,442 | | | | 832,933 | | |
| | |
| Expenditures for additions to long-lived assets | | | 316 | | | | 129 | | | | 445 | | | | 19 | | | | 78 | | | | 97 | | | | 2 | | | | 544 | | |
| | |
| Risk-weighted positions (BIS risk positions) | | | 128,027 | | | | 11,097 | | | | 139,124 | | | | 11,424 | | | | 54,253 | | | | 65,677 | | | | 10,242 | | | | 215,044 | | |
| | |
| Average active equity7 | | | 11,481 | | | | 1,386 | | | | 12,867 | | | | 5,038 | | | | 1,681 | | | | 6,718 | | | | 3,933 | | | | 23,519 | | |
| | |
| Return on average active equity in % | | | 22 | | | | 20 | | | | 21 | | | | 8 | | | | 58 | | | | 21 | | | | 5 | | | | 18 | | |
| | |
| Underlying return on average active equity in % | | | 24 | | | | 20 | | | | 24 | | | | 10 | | | | 60 | | | | 22 | | | | (5 | ) | | | 18 | | |
| | |
| 1 Includes: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net interest revenues | | | 1,790 | | | | 628 | | | | 2,417 | | | | 214 | | | | 2,414 | | | | 2,629 | | | | 105 | | | | 5,151 | | |
| Net revenues from external customers | | | 11,433 | | | | 1,980 | | | | 13,414 | | | | 3,736 | | | | 4,205 | | | | 7,941 | | | | 527 | | | | 21,881 | | |
| Net intersegment revenues | | | 4 | | | | (87 | ) | | | (83 | ) | | | (245 | ) | | | 334 | | | | 89 | | | | 94 | | | | 100 | | |
| Net income (loss) from equity method investments | | | 156 | | | | 1 | | | | 157 | | | | 65 | | | | 3 | | | | 68 | | | | 160 | | | | 386 | | |
| 2 Includes: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Depreciation, depletion and amortization | | | 289 | | | | 76 | | | | 365 | | | | 92 | | | | 154 | | | | 246 | | | | 30 | | | | 640 | | |
| Severance payments | | | 154 | | | | 16 | | | | 170 | | | | 51 | | | | 50 | | | | 101 | | | | 1 | | | | 272 | | |
| 3 Includes: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Equity method investments | | | 1,546 | | | | 38 | | | | 1,584 | | | | 434 | | | | 33 | | | | 466 | | | | 3,298 | | | | 5,348 | | |
4 | | Excludes provision for off-balance sheet positions (reclassified to provision for credit losses). |
|
5 | | Before cumulative effect of accounting changes. |
|
6 | | The sum of corporate divisions does not necessarily equal the total of the corresponding group division because of consolidation items between corporate divisions, which are to be eliminated on group division level. The same approach holds true for the sum of group divisions compared to Total Management Reporting. |
|
7 | | For management reporting purposes goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives are explicitly assigned to the respective divisions. Average active equity is first allocated to divisions according to goodwill and intangible assets, remaining average active equity is allocated to the divisions in proportion to the economic capital calculated for them. |
F-65
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| 2003 | | Corporate and Investment Bank | | | Private Clients and Asset Management | | | Corporate | | | Total | | |
| | | Corporate | | | Global | | | Total | | | Asset and | | | Private & | | | Total | | | Invest- | | | Manage- | | |
| | | Banking & | | | Trans- | | | | | | Wealth | | | Business | | | | | | ments | | | ment | | |
| | | Securities | | | action | | | | | | Manage- | | | Clients | | | | | | | | | Reporting | | |
| in€ m. (except percentages) | | | | | Banking | | | | | | ment | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Net revenues1 | | | 11,697 | | | | 2,497 | | | | 14,193 | | | | 3,830 | | | | 4,388 | | | | 8,217 | | | | (921 | ) | | | 21,490 | | |
| | |
| Provision for loan losses | | | 750 | | | | 2 | | | | 752 | | | | 2 | | | | 322 | | | | 325 | | | | 36 | | | | 1,113 | | |
| | |
| Provision for off-balance sheet positions | | | 8 | | | | (53 | ) | | | (45 | ) | | | (3 | ) | | | (1 | ) | | | (3 | ) | | | (2 | ) | | | (50 | ) | |
| | |
| Total provision for credit losses | | | 759 | | | | (51 | ) | | | 707 | | | | (1 | ) | | | 322 | | | | 321 | | | | 35 | | | | 1,063 | | |
| | |
| Operating cost base2 | | | 8,220 | | | | 1,743 | | | | 9,963 | | | | 3,094 | | | | 3,605 | | | | 6,699 | | | | 681 | | | | 17,343 | | |
| | |
| Policyholder benefits and claims | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 21 | | | | – | | | | 21 | | | | – | | | | 21 | | |
| | |
| Minority interest | | | 13 | | | | – | | | | 13 | | | | 13 | | | | 2 | | | | 15 | | | | (31 | ) | | | (3 | ) | |
| | |
| Restructuring activities | | | (23 | ) | | | (6 | ) | | | (29 | ) | | | – | | | | (1 | ) | | | (1 | ) | | | – | | | | (29 | ) | |
| | |
| Goodwill impairment | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 114 | | | | 114 | | |
| | |
| Total noninterest expenses4 | | | 8,211 | | | | 1,737 | | | | 9,947 | | | | 3,128 | | | | 3,607 | | | | 6,735 | | | | 763 | | | | 17,445 | | |
| | |
| Income (loss) before income taxes5 | | | 2,727 | | | | 811 | | | | 3,539 | | | | 702 | | | | 459 | | | | 1,162 | | | | (1,719 | ) | | | 2,982 | | |
| | |
| Add (deduct): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Net (gains) losses from business sold/held for sale | | | – | | | | (583 | ) | | | (583 | ) | | | (55 | ) | | | 4 | | | | (51 | ) | | | 141 | | | | (494 | ) | |
| | |
| Significant equity pick-ups/net losses from investments | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 938 | | | | 938 | | |
| | |
| Net losses on securities available for sale/industrial holdings including hedging | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 184 | | | | 184 | | |
| | |
| Net losses on the sale of premises | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 107 | | | | 107 | | |
| | |
| Restructuring activities | | | (23 | ) | | | (6 | ) | | | (29 | ) | | | – | | | | (1 | ) | | | (1 | ) | | | – | | | | (29 | ) | |
| | |
| Goodwill impairment | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 114 | | | | 114 | | |
| | |
| Underlying pre-tax profit (loss) | | | 2,704 | | | | 222 | | | | 2,926 | | | | 647 | | | | 462 | | | | 1,109 | | | | (236 | ) | | | 3,800 | | |
| | |
| Cost/income ratio in % | | | 70 | | | | 70 | | | | 70 | | | | 82 | | | | 82 | | | | 82 | | | | N/M | | | | 81 | | |
| | |
| Underlying cost/income ratio in % | | | 70 | | | | 91 | | | | 73 | | | | 82 | | | | 82 | | | | 82 | | | | 152 | | | | 78 | | |
| | |
| Assets3, 6 | | | 693,414 | | | | 16,709 | | | | 681,722 | | | | 48,138 | | | | 78,477 | | | | 124,606 | | | | 18,987 | | | | 795,818 | | |
| | |
| Expenditures for additions to long-lived assets | | | 391 | | | | 99 | | | | 490 | | | | 38 | | | | 42 | | | | 80 | | | | 141 | | | | 711 | | |
| | |
| Risk-weighted positions (BIS risk positions) | | | 127,449 | | | | 10,166 | | | | 137,615 | | | | 12,170 | | | | 51,244 | | | | 63,414 | | | | 13,019 | | | | 214,048 | | |
| | |
| Average active equity7 | | | 12,776 | | | | 1,416 | | | | 14,192 | | | | 5,694 | | | | 1,531 | | | | 7,225 | | | | 4,900 | | | | 26,317 | | |
| | |
| Return on average active equity in % | | | 21 | | | | 57 | | | | 25 | | | | 12 | | | | 30 | | | | 16 | | | | (35 | ) | | | 11 | | |
| | |
| Underlying return on average active equity in % | | | 21 | | | | 16 | | | | 21 | | | | 11 | | | | 30 | | | | 15 | | | | (5 | ) | | | 14 | | |
| | |
| N/M – Not meaningful | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1 Includes: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net interest revenues | | | 2,495 | | | | 663 | | | | 3,158 | | | | 278 | | | | 2,379 | | | | 2,656 | | | | 138 | | | | 5,952 | | |
| Net revenues from external customers | | | 11,587 | | | | 2,629 | | | | 14,216 | | | | 4,041 | | | | 4,094 | | | | 8,135 | | | | (967 | ) | | | 21,384 | | |
| Net intersegment revenues | | | 110 | | | | (133 | ) | | | (23 | ) | | | (212 | ) | | | 294 | | | | 82 | | | | 47 | | | | 106 | | |
| Net income (loss) from equity method investments | | | 163 | | | | (1 | ) | | | 163 | | | | 166 | | | | – | | | | 166 | | | | (757 | ) | | | (428 | ) | |
| 2 Includes: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Depreciation, depletion and amortization | | | 344 | | | | 90 | | | | 434 | | | | 99 | | | | 171 | | | | 270 | | | | 65 | | | | 769 | | |
| Severance payments | | | 194 | | | | 66 | | | | 260 | | | | 78 | | | | 317 | | | | 395 | | | | 20 | | | | 675 | | |
| 3 Includes: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Equity method investments | | | 1,889 | | | | 37 | | | | 1,927 | | | | 380 | | | | 30 | | | | 410 | | | | 3,511 | | | | 5,848 | | |
4 | | Excludes provision for off-balance sheet positions (reclassified to provision for credit losses). |
|
5 | | Before cumulative effect of accounting changes. |
|
6 | | The sum of corporate divisions does not necessarily equal the total of the corresponding group division because of consolidation items between corporate divisions, which are to be eliminated on group division level. The same approach holds true for the sum of group divisions compared to Total Management Reporting. |
|
7 | | For management reporting purposes goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives are explicitly assigned to the respective divisions. Average active equity is first allocated to divisions according to goodwill and intangible assets, remaining average active equity is allocated to the divisions in proportion to the economic capital calculated for them. |
F-66
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| 2002 | | Corporate and Investment Bank | | | Private Clients and Asset Management | | | Corporate | | | Total | | |
| | | Corporate | | | Global | | | Total | | | Asset and | | | Private & | | | Total | | | Invest- | | | Manage- | | |
| | | Banking & | | | Trans- | | | | | | Wealth | | | Business | | | | | | ments | | | ment | | |
| | | Securities | | | action | | | | | | Manage- | | | Clients | | | | | | | | | Reporting | | |
| in€ m. (except percentages) | | | | | Banking | | | | | | ment | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Net revenues1 | | | 11,154 | | | | 2,643 | | | | 13,797 | | | | 3,724 | | | | 5,775 | | | | 9,499 | | | | 2,998 | | | | 26,295 | | |
| | |
| Provision for loan losses | | | 1,706 | | | | 6 | | | | 1,712 | | | | 23 | | | | 201 | | | | 224 | | | | 155 | | | | 2,091 | | |
| | |
| Provision for off-balance sheet positions | | | 83 | | | | (52 | ) | | | 31 | | | | – | | | | (1 | ) | | | (1 | ) | | | (11 | ) | | | 18 | | |
| | |
| Total provision for credit losses | | | 1,788 | | | | (46 | ) | | | 1,742 | | | | 23 | | | | 200 | | | | 223 | | | | 144 | | | | 2,110 | | |
| | |
| Operating cost base2 | | | 8,701 | | | | 2,207 | | | | 10,908 | | | | 3,245 | | | | 3,880 | | | | 7,125 | | | | 1,228 | | | | 19,261 | | |
| | |
| Policyholder benefits and claims | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 35 | | | | 650 | | | | 685 | | | | – | | | | 685 | | |
| | |
| Minority interest | | | 8 | | | | – | | | | 8 | | | | 25 | | | | 7 | | | | 32 | | | | 3 | | | | 43 | | |
| | |
| Restructuring activities | | | 316 | | | | 26 | | | | 341 | | | | – | | | | 240 | | | | 240 | | | | 1 | | | | 583 | | |
| | |
| Goodwill impairment | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 62 | | | | 62 | | |
| | |
| Total noninterest expenses4 | | | 9,025 | | | | 2,233 | | | | 11,258 | | | | 3,304 | | | | 4,778 | | | | 8,082 | | | | 1,293 | | | | 20,633 | | |
| | |
| Income (loss) before income taxes5 | | | 341 | | | | 456 | | | | 797 | | | | 397 | | | | 797 | | | | 1,195 | | | | 1,561 | | | | 3,552 | | |
| | |
| Add (deduct): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Net (gains) from business sold/held for sale | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | (8 | ) | | | (503 | ) | | | (511 | ) | | | (18 | ) | | | (529 | ) | |
| | |
| Significant equity pick-ups/net losses from investments | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 1,197 | | | | 1,197 | | |
| | |
| Net (gains) on securities available for sale/industrial holdings including hedging | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | (3,659 | ) | | | (3,659 | ) | |
| | |
| Change in measurement of other inherent loss allowance | | | 200 | | | | – | | | | 200 | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 200 | | |
| | |
| Restructuring activities | | | 316 | | | | 26 | | | | 341 | | | | – | | | | 240 | | | | 240 | | | | 1 | | | | 583 | | |
| | |
| Goodwill impairment | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 62 | | | | 62 | | |
| | |
| Underlying pre-tax profit (loss) | | | 856 | | | | 482 | | | | 1,338 | | | | 389 | | | | 535 | | | | 924 | | | | (857 | ) | | | 1,405 | | |
| | |
| Cost/income ratio in % | | | 81 | | | | 84 | | | | 82 | | | | 89 | | | | 83 | | | | 85 | | | | 43 | | | | 78 | | |
| | |
| Underlying cost/income ratio in % | | | 78 | | | | 84 | | | | 79 | | | | 88 | | | | 84 | | | | 86 | | | | N/M | | | | 85 | | |
| | |
| Assets3, 6 | | | 629,975 | | | | 25,098 | | | | 642,127 | | | | 37,642 | | | | 74,039 | | | | 109,394 | | | | 26,536 | | | | 750,238 | | |
| | |
| Expenditures for additions to long-lived assets | | | 339 | | | | 103 | | | | 442 | | | | 258 | | | | 27 | | | | 285 | | | | 332 | | | | 1,059 | | |
| | |
| Risk-weighted positions (BIS risk positions) | | | 142,211 | | | | 12,949 | | | | 155,160 | | | | 11,803 | | | | 47,690 | | | | 59,493 | | | | 19,219 | | | | 233,872 | | |
| | |
| Average active equity7 | | | 15,342 | | | | 2,169 | | | | 17,511 | | | | 5,667 | | | | 1,599 | | | | 7,266 | | | | 6,466 | | | | 31,243 | | |
| | |
| Return on average active equity in % | | | 2 | | | | 21 | | | | 5 | | | | 7 | | | | 50 | | | | 16 | | | | 24 | | | | 11 | | |
| | |
| Underlying return on average active equity in % | | | 6 | | | | 22 | | | | 8 | | | | 7 | | | | 33 | | | | 13 | | | | (13 | ) | | | 4 | | |
| | |
| N/M – Not meaningful | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1 Includes: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net interest revenues | | | 3,513 | | | | 900 | | | | 4,413 | | | | 70 | | | | 2,656 | | | | 2,726 | | | | 42 | | | | 7,181 | | |
| Net revenues from external customers | | | 11,110 | | | | 2,767 | | | | 13,877 | | | | 3,857 | | | | 5,540 | | | | 9,397 | | | | 2,907 | | | | 26,181 | | |
| Net intersegment revenues | | | 43 | | | | (124 | ) | | | (80 | ) | | | (133 | ) | | | 236 | | | | 103 | | | | 91 | | | | 114 | | |
| Net income (loss) from equity method investments | | | (32 | ) | | | 1 | | | | (31 | ) | | | 141 | | | | 20 | | | | 162 | | | | (1,034 | ) | | | (903 | ) | |
| 2 Includes: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Depreciation, depletion and amortization | | | 431 | | | | 128 | | | | 559 | | | | 101 | | | | 283 | | | | 385 | | | | 132 | | | | 1,076 | | |
| Severance payments | | | 243 | | | | 18 | | | | 261 | | | | 86 | | | | 50 | | | | 136 | | | | 19 | | | | 416 | | |
| 3 Includes: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Equity method investments | | | 571 | | | | 38 | | | | 609 | | | | 1,154 | | | | 19 | | | | 1,173 | | | | 3,944 | | | | 5,725 | | |
4 | | Excludes provision for off-balance sheet positions (reclassified to provision for credit losses). |
|
5 | | Before cumulative effect of accounting changes. |
|
6 | | The sum of corporate divisions does not necessarily equal the total of the corresponding group division because of consolidation items between corporate divisions, which are to be eliminated on group division level. The same approach holds true for the sum of group divisions compared to Total Management Reporting. |
|
7 | | For management reporting purposes goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives are explicitly assigned to the respective divisions. Average active equity is first allocated to divisions according to goodwill and intangible assets, remaining average active equity is allocated to the divisions in proportion to the economic capital calculated for them. |
F-67
The following tables present the revenue components of the Corporate and Investment Bank Group Division and the Private Clients and Asset Management Group Division for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | | Corporate and Investment Bank | | |
| in€ m. | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | | |
| | | | | |
| Sales & Trading (equity) | | | | 2,486 | | | | 3,118 | | | | 2,506 | | |
| | | | | |
| Sales & Trading (debt and other products) | | | | 6,299 | | | | 6,077 | | | | 5,582 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total Sales & Trading | | | | 8,785 | | | | 9,194 | | | | 8,088 | | |
| | | | | |
| Origination (equity) | | | | 499 | | | | 485 | | | | 354 | | |
| | | | | |
| Origination (debt) | | | | 916 | | | | 806 | | | | 683 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total Origination | | | | 1,414 | | | | 1,291 | | | | 1,037 | | |
| | | | | |
| Advisory | | | | 488 | | | | 465 | | | | 546 | | |
| | | | | |
| Loan products | | | | 1,142 | | | | 1,193 | | | | 1,804 | | |
| | | | | |
| Transaction services | | | | 1,862 | | | | 1,914 | | | | 2,643 | | |
| | | | | |
| Other | | | | (361 | ) | | | 136 | | | | (322 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Total | | | | 13,331 | | | | 14,193 | | | | 13,797 | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | | Private Clients and Asset Management | | |
| in€ m. | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | | |
| | | | | |
| Portfolio/fund management | | | | 2,526 | | | | 2,615 | | | | 2,733 | | |
| | | | | |
| Brokerage | | | | 1,659 | | | | 1,591 | | | | 1,512 | | |
| | | | | |
| Loan/deposit products | | | | 2,358 | | | | 2,330 | | | | 2,425 | | |
| | | | | |
| Payments, account & remaining financial services | | | | 915 | | | | 823 | | | | 843 | | |
| | | | | |
| Other | | | | 571 | | | | 858 | | | | 1,986 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total | | | | 8,030 | | | | 8,217 | | | | 9,499 | | |
| | | | | |
Reconciliation of Segmental Results of Operations to Consolidated Results of Operations
According to U.S. GAAP
The following table provides a reconciliation of the total results of operations and total assets of the Group’s business segments under management reporting systems to the consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | | |
| | | | Total | | | | Consoli- | | | | Total | | | Total | | | Consoli- | | | Total | | | Total | | | Consoli- | | | Total | | |
| | | | Manage- | | | | dation & | | | | Consoli- | | | Manage- | | | dation & | | | Consoli- | | | Manage- | | | dation & | | | Consoli- | | |
| | | | ment | | | | Adjust- | | | | dated | | | ment | | | Adjust- | | | dated | | | ment | | | Adjust- | | | dated | | |
| in€ m. | | | Reporting | | | | ments | | | | | | | Reporting | | | ments | | | | | | Reporting | | | ments | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net revenues1 | | | | 21,981 | | | | | (63 | ) | | | | 21,918 | | | | 21,490 | | | | (223 | ) | | | 21,268 | | | | 26,295 | | | | 253 | | | | 26,547 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Provision for loan losses | | | | 372 | | | | | – | | | | | 372 | | | | 1,113 | | | | – | | | | 1,113 | | | | 2,091 | | | | (1 | ) | | | 2,091 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Provision for off- balance sheet positions | | | | (65 | ) | | | | – | | | | | (65 | ) | | | (50 | ) | | | – | | | | (50 | ) | | | 18 | | | | (1 | ) | | | 17 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total provision for credit losses | | | | 307 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1,063 | | | | | | | | | | | | 2,110 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Noninterest expenses2 | | | | 17,344 | | | | | 238 | | | | | 17,582 | | | | 17,445 | | | | 3 | | | | 17,449 | | | | 20,633 | | | | 257 | | | | 20,890 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Income (loss) before income taxes3 | | | | 4,330 | | | | | (301 | ) | | | | 4,029 | | | | 2,982 | | | | (225 | ) | | | 2,756 | | | | 3,552 | | | | (3 | ) | | | 3,549 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Assets | | | | 832,933 | | | | | 7,135 | | | | | 840,068 | | | | 795,818 | | | | 7,796 | | | | 803,614 | | | | 750,238 | | | | 8,117 | | | | 758,355 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Risk-weighted positions (BIS risk positions) | | | | 215,044 | | | | | 1,743 | | | | | 216,787 | | | | 214,048 | | | | 1,625 | | | | 215,672 | | | | 233,872 | | | | 3,606 | | | | 237,479 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Average active equity | | | | 23,519 | | | | | 1,259 | | | | | 24,778 | | | | 26,317 | | | | 1,057 | | | | 27,374 | | | | 31,243 | | | | 2 | | | | 31,246 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
1 | | Net interest revenues and noninterest revenues. |
|
2 | | Excludes provision for off-balance sheet positions. |
|
3 | | Before cumulative effect of accounting changes. |
F-68
The two primary components recorded in Consolidation & Adjustments are differences in accounting methods used for management reporting versus U.S. GAAP as well as results and balances from activities outside the management responsibility of the business segments.
| | Loss before income taxeswas€ 301 million in 2004,€ 225 million in 2003 and€ 3 million in 2002.Net revenuesincluded the following items: |
– | | Adjustments related to positions which are marked to market for management reporting purposes and accounted for on an accrual basis under U.S. GAAP were approximately€ (150) million in 2004,€ (200) million in 2003 and€ 100 million in 2002. |
– | | Trading results from the Group’s own shares are reflected in the Corporate Banking & Securities Corporate Division. The elimination of such results under U.S. GAAP resulted in credits of approximately€ 45 million in 2004 and€ 200 million in each of the years 2003 and 2002 within Consolidation & Adjustments. |
– | | Debits related to the elimination of Group-internal rental income were€ (101) million in 2004,€ (106) million in 2003 and€ (115) million in 2002. |
– | | Insurance premiums of€ 91 million in 2004 and€ 79 million in each of the years 2003 and 2002 were primarily related to the Group’s reinsurance subsidiary which is not managed by an individual business segment. |
– | | Interest income on tax refunds from ongoing audits of prior period tax returns was€ 131 million in 2004. |
– | | Mark-to-market losses for hedges related to share-based compensation plans were approximately€ (100) million in 2002. |
– | | The remainder of net revenues in each year was due to other corporate items outside the management responsibility of the business segments, such as net funding expenses for non-divisionalized assets/liabilities and results from hedging capital of certain foreign subsidiaries. |
Provisions for loan losses and provision for off-balance sheet positionsincluded no material items in each of the reported years.
| | Noninterest expensesreflected the following items: |
– | | Credits related to the elimination of Group-internal rental expenses were€ 101 million in 2004,€ 106 million in 2003 and€ 115 million in 2002. |
– | | Policyholder benefits and claims of€ 210 million in 2004,€ 89 million in 2003, and€ 75 million in 2002 were primarily related to the Group’s re-insurance subsidiary which is not managed by an individual business segment. The increase in 2004 was due to newly established provisions, including charges associated with the settlement agreement of the WorldCom litigation, partly offset by releases for certain other self-insured risks. |
– | | Credits related to certain share-based compensation plans of approximately€ 100 million in 2002 were not allocated to the business segments. |
– | | The remainder of noninterest expenses in each year was attributable to other corporate items outside the management responsibility of the business segments. 2002 included charges for certain legal-related provisions of approximately€ 170 million. |
Assets and risk-weighted positionsreflect corporate assets outside of the management responsibility of the business segments such as deferred tax assets and central clearing accounts.
Average active equityassigned to Consolidation and Adjustments reflects the refinement of the Group’s economic capital framework as described under “Framework of the Group’s Management’s Reporting Systems” within this Footnote.
F-69
Total Net Revenues (before Provision for Loan Losses) by Geographical Location
The following table presents total net revenues (before provision for loan losses) by geographical location:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | | 2004 | | | 20031 | | | 20021 | | |
| | | | | |
| Germany | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| CIB | | | | 2,319 | | | | 2,539 | | | | 2,770 | | |
| | | | | |
| PCAM | | | | 4,393 | | | | 4,318 | | | | 5,451 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total Germany | | | | 6,712 | | | | 6,857 | | | | 8,221 | | |
| | | | | |
| Rest of Europe | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| CIB | | | | 4,522 | | | | 5,032 | | | | 4,066 | | |
| | | | | |
| PCAM | | | | 2,173 | | | | 2,176 | | | | 2,295 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total Rest of Europe2 | | | | 6,695 | | | | 7,209 | | | | 6,361 | | |
| | | | | |
| North America (primarily U.S.) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| CIB | | | | 4,390 | | | | 4,603 | | | | 4,899 | | |
| | | | | |
| PCAM | | | | 1,201 | | | | 1,473 | | | | 1,460 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total North America | | | | 5,591 | | | | 6,076 | | | | 6,359 | | |
| | | | | |
| South America | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| CIB | | | | 72 | | | | 128 | | | | 146 | | |
| | | | | |
| PCAM | | | | – | | | | 1 | | | | 16 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total South America | | | | 73 | | | | 130 | | | | 162 | | |
| | | | | |
| Asia-Pacific | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| CIB | | | | 2,027 | | | | 1,891 | | | | 1,916 | | |
| | | | | |
| PCAM | | | | 262 | | | | 248 | | | | 277 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total Asia-Pacific | | | | 2,289 | | | | 2,140 | | | | 2,194 | | |
| | | | | |
| Corporate Investments | | | | 621 | | | | (921 | ) | | | 2,998 | | |
| | | | | |
| Consolidation & Adjustments | | | | (63 | ) | | | (223 | ) | | | 253 | | |
| | | | | |
| Consolidated net revenues3 | | | | 21,918 | | | | 21,268 | | | | 26,547 | | |
| | | | | |
1 | | Reclassified to conform to the 2004 presentation. |
|
2 | | The United Kingdom accounted for over one-half of these revenues in 2004, 2003 and 2002. Rest of Europe also includes the Group’s African operations. |
|
3 | | Consolidated total net revenues comprise interest revenues, interest expenses and total noninterest revenues (including net commission and fee revenues). Revenues are attributed to countries based on the location in which the Group’s booking office is located. The location of a transaction on our books is sometimes different from the location of the headquarters or other offices of a customer and different from the location of our personnel who entered into or facilitated the transaction. Where we record a transaction involving our staff and customers and other third parties in different locations frequently depends on other considerations, such as the nature of the transaction, regulatory considerations and transaction processing considerations. |
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[29] Restructuring Activities
Restructuring plans are recorded in conjunction with acquisitions as well as business realignments. Severance includes employee termination benefits related to the involuntary termination of employees. Such costs include obligations resulting from severance agreements, termination of employment contracts and early-retirement agreements. Other costs primarily include amounts for lease terminations and related costs.
The following table presents the activity in the Group’s restructuring programs for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003, and 2002:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | 2004 plan | | | 2002 plans | | | | Total | | |
| | | Business Realignment | | | Group restructuring | | | Scudder restructuring | | | CIB restructuring | | | | | | |
| | | Program | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| in€ m. | | Severance | | | Other | | | Severance | | | Other | | | Severance | | | Other | | | Severance | | | Other | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Balance at Dec 31, 2001 | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | | 272 | 1 | |
| | | | | |
| Additions | | | – | | | | – | | | | 235 | | | | 105 | | | | 83 | | | | 3 | | | | 215 | | | | 50 | | | | | 691 | 2 | |
| | | | | |
| Utilization | | | – | | | | – | | | | 203 | | | | 92 | | | | 57 | | | | – | | | | 77 | | | | 27 | | | | | 683 | 1 | |
| | | | | |
| Releases | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | | 22 | 1 | |
| | | | | |
| Effects from exchange rate fluctuations | | | – | | | | – | | | | (2 | ) | | | (1 | ) | | | (12 | ) | | | – | | | | (10 | ) | | | (4 | ) | | | | (52 | )1 | |
| | | | | |
| Balance at Dec 31, 2002 | | | – | | | | – | | | | 30 | | | | 12 | | | | 14 | | | | 3 | | | | 128 | | | | 19 | | | | | 206 | | |
| | | | | |
| Utilization | | | – | | | | – | | | | 30 | | | | 11 | | | | 9 | | | | 3 | | | | 99 | | | | 9 | | | | | 161 | | |
| | | | | |
| Releases | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 4 | | | | – | | | | 21 | | | | 8 | | | | | 33 | 3 | |
| | | | | |
| Effects from exchange rate fluctuations | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | (1 | ) | | | (1 | ) | | | – | | | | (8 | ) | | | (2 | ) | | | | (12 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Balance at Dec 31, 2003 | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | | – | | |
| | | | | |
| Additions | | | 400 | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | | 400 | | |
| | | | | |
| Utilization | | | 170 | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | | 170 | | |
| | | | | |
| Effects from exchange rate fluctuations | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | | – | | |
| | | | | |
| Balance at Dec 31, 2004 | | | 230 | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | | 230 | | |
| | | | | |
1 | | Totals include activity for the 2001 Group Restructuring Plan which was completed in 2002. Balance at December 31, 2001, utilization, releases and effects from exchange rate fluctuations were€ 272 million,€ 227 million,€ 22 million and€ (23) million, respectively. |
|
2 | | Scudder restructuring of€ 86 million was recorded as goodwill; net expense, after releases, was€ 583 million. |
|
3 | | Scudder restructuring reserve releases of€ 4 million were recorded against goodwill.€ 29 million related to the CIB restructuring was released against net income. |
2004 Plan
Business Realignment Program (“BRP”)
The BRP covers a series of initiatives aimed at revenue growth and cost efficiency. The program, together with additional measures in the fourth quarter 2004, is expected to result in a reduction of approximately 6,400 full-time equivalent headcount. We anticipate that a significant portion of this reduction will arise in the CIB and PCAM Group Divisions as we integrate coverage and product units. The majority of the reduction will arise in infrastructure units. The transfer of jobs to more cost-effective locations will result in additional headcount of approximately 1,200. This gives a net reduction in our headcount of approximately 5,200.
In the fourth quarter, the Group recorded a pre-tax restructuring charge of€ 400 million in connection with the BRP of which€ 288 million related to severance payments and€ 112 million related to stock compensation awards. The charge was attributable to CIB (€ 299 million), PCAM (€ 98 million) and CI (€ 3 million). The underlying restructuring measures affected approximately 1,200 staff. Of the€ 400 million restructuring liability,€ 170 million was utilized as of December 31, 2004. All actions contemplated in the portion of the plan recorded in 2004 are expected to be completed by the end of the
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first quarter of 2005. It is expected that additional expenses of approximately€ 750 million will be recorded in 2005 as further actions are taken related to the BRP.
2002 Plans
Group Restructuring
The Group recorded a pre-tax charge of€ 340 million in the first quarter of 2002 related to restructuring activities affecting PCAM (€ 246 million), CIB (€ 93 million) and CI (€ 1 million). These restructuring plans affected approximately 2,100 staff and included a broad range of measures primarily to streamline the Group’s branch network in Germany, as well as its infrastructure. The plan was completed during the year ended December 31, 2003.
Scudder Restructuring
During 2002, the Group recorded a restructuring liability of€ 86 million related to restructuring activities in connection with the acquisition of Zurich Scudder Investments, Inc. Of this amount, approximately€ 83 million of severance and other termination-related costs and€ 3 million for other costs, primarily related to lease terminations, were recognized as a liability assumed as of the acquisition date and charged directly to goodwill. This restructuring plan affected approximately 1,000 Scudder staff. Reserves of€ 4 million were released against goodwill in 2003. The plan was completed during the year ended December 31, 2003.
CIB Restructuring
In the second quarter of 2002, the Group recorded a restructuring liability of€ 265 million related to the CIB Group Division. The plan affected approximately 2,000 staff, across all levels of the Group. The restructuring resulted from detailed business reviews and reflected the Group’s outlook for the markets in which it operates. It related to banking coverage, execution and relationship management processes; custody; trade finance and other transaction banking activities; and the related technology, settlement, real estate and other support functions. Due primarily to lower headcount, the restructuring program was completed at lower than anticipated costs. Therefore,€ 21 million of staff-related reserves and€ 8 million of infrastructure-related reserves were released during 2003. The plan was completed during the year ended December 31, 2003.
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[30] International Operations
The following table presents asset and income statement information by major geographic area. The information presented has been classified based primarily on the location of the Group’s office in which the assets and transactions are recorded. However, due to the highly integrated nature of the Group’s operations, estimates and assumptions have been made to allocate items, especially consolidation items, between regions.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| 2004 | | Total assets | | | Total gross | | | Total gross | | | Income (loss) | | | Net income | | |
| in€ m. | | | | | revenues1 | | | expenses1 | | | before taxes | | | (loss) | | |
| | |
| International operations: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Europe (excluding Germany)2 | | | 346,273 | | | | 16,430 | | | | 15,424 | | | | 1,006 | | | | 511 | | |
| | |
| North America (primarily U.S.) | | | 212,945 | | | | 12,547 | | | | 11,570 | | | | 977 | | | | 627 | | |
| | |
| South America | | | 2,867 | | | | 532 | | | | 440 | | | | 92 | | | | 87 | | |
| | |
| Asia-Pacific | | | 71,928 | | | | 4,016 | | | | 3,418 | | | | 598 | | | | 262 | | |
| | |
| Total international | | | 634,013 | | | | 33,525 | | | | 30,852 | | | | 2,673 | | | | 1,487 | | |
| | |
| Domestic operations (Germany) | | | 206,055 | | | | 11,234 | | | | 9,878 | | | | 1,356 | | | | 985 | | |
| | |
| Total | | | 840,068 | | | | 44,759 | | | | 40,730 | | | | 4,029 | | | | 2,472 | | |
| | |
| International as a percentage of total above | | | 75 | % | | | 75 | % | | | 76 | % | | | 66 | % | | | 60 | % | |
| | |
1 | | Total gross revenues comprise interest revenues and total noninterest revenues (including net commissions and fee revenues). Total gross expenses comprise interest expense, provision for loan losses and total noninterest expenses. |
|
2 | | Includes balance sheet and income statement data from Africa, which were not material in 2004. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| 2003 | | Total assets | | | Total gross | | | Total gross | | | Income (loss) | | | Net income | | |
| in€ m. | | | | | revenues1 | | | expenses1 | | | before taxes2 | | | (loss) | | |
| | |
| International operations: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Europe (excluding Germany)3 | | | 327,835 | | | | 17,674 | | | | 15,954 | | | | 1,720 | | | | 837 | | |
| | |
| North America (primarily U.S.) | | | 221,048 | | | | 10,156 | | | | 9,853 | | | | 303 | | | | 233 | | |
| | |
| South America | | | 1,277 | | | | 575 | | | | 575 | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | |
| Asia-Pacific | | | 60,101 | | | | 3,389 | | | | 2,877 | | | | 512 | | | | 357 | | |
| | |
| Total international | | | 610,261 | | | | 31,794 | | | | 29,259 | | | | 2,535 | | | | 1,427 | | |
| | |
| Domestic operations (Germany) | | | 193,353 | | | | 11,210 | | | | 10,989 | | | | 221 | | | | (62 | ) | |
| | |
| Total | | | 803,614 | | | | 43,004 | | | | 40,248 | | | | 2,756 | | | | 1,365 | | |
| | |
| International as a percentage of total above | | | 76 | % | | | 74 | % | | | 73 | % | | | 92 | % | | | 105 | % | |
| | |
1 | | Total gross revenues comprise interest revenues and total noninterest revenues (including net commissions and fee revenues). Total gross expenses comprise interest expense, provision for loan losses and total noninterest expenses. |
|
2 | | Before cumulative effect of accounting changes. |
|
3 | | Includes balance sheet and income statement data from Africa, which were not material in 2003. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| 2002 | | Total assets | | | Total gross | | | Total gross | | | Income (loss) | | | Net income | | |
| in€ m. | | | | | revenues1 | | | expenses1 | | | before taxes2 | | | (loss) | | |
| | |
| International operations: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Europe (excluding Germany)3 | | | 286,545 | | | | 18,938 | | | | 18,618 | | | | 320 | | | | 309 | | |
| | |
| North America (primarily U.S.) | | | 205,375 | | | | 13,352 | | | | 14,129 | | | | (777 | ) | | | (488 | ) | |
| | |
| South America | | | 1,051 | | | | 963 | | | | 877 | | | | 86 | | | | 52 | | |
| | |
| Asia-Pacific | | | 48,612 | | | | 3,863 | | | | 3,271 | | | | 592 | | | | 397 | | |
| | |
| Total international | | | 541,583 | | | | 37,116 | | | | 36,895 | | | | 221 | | | | 270 | | |
| | |
| Domestic operations (Germany) | | | 216,772 | | | | 18,026 | | | | 14,698 | | | | 3,328 | | | | 127 | | |
| | |
| Total | | | 758,355 | | | | 55,142 | | | | 51,593 | | | | 3,549 | | | | 397 | | |
| | |
| International as a percentage of total above | | | 71 | % | | | 67 | % | | | 72 | % | | | 6 | % | | | 68 | % | |
| | |
1 | | Total gross revenues comprise interest revenues and total noninterest revenues (including net commissions and fee revenues). Total gross expenses comprise interest expense, provision for loan losses and total noninterest expenses. |
|
2 | | Before cumulative effect of accounting changes. |
|
3 | | Includes balance sheet and income statement data from Africa, which were not material in 2002. |
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[31] Derivative Financial Instruments and Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk
In the normal course of business, the Group enters into a variety of derivative transactions for both trading and nontrading purposes. The Group’s objectives in using derivative instruments are to meet customers’ needs, to manage the Group’s exposure to risks and to generate revenues through trading activities. Derivative contracts used by the Group in both trading and nontrading activities include swaps, futures, forwards, options and other similar types of contracts based on interest rates, foreign exchange rates, credit risk and the prices of equities and commodities (or related indices).
Derivatives Held or Issued for Trading Purposes
The Group trades derivative instruments on behalf of customers and for its own positions. The Group transacts derivative contracts to address customer demands both as a market maker in the wholesale markets and in structuring tailored derivatives for customers. The Group also takes proprietary positions for its own accounts. Trading derivative products include swaps, options, forwards and futures and a variety of structured derivatives which are based on interest rates, equities, credit, foreign exchange and commodities.
Derivatives Held or Issued for Nontrading Purposes
Derivatives held or issued for nontrading purposes primarily consist of interest rate swaps used to manage interest rate risk. Through the use of these derivatives, the Group is able to modify the volatility and interest rate characteristics of its nontrading interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. The Group is subject to risk from interest rate fluctuations to the extent that there is a gap between the amount of interest-earning assets and the amount of interest-bearing liabilities that mature or reprice in specified periods. The Group actively manages this interest rate risk through, among other things, the use of derivative contracts. Utilization of derivative financial instruments is modified from time to time within prescribed limits in response to changing market conditions, as well as changes in the characteristics and mix of the related assets and liabilities.
The Group also uses cross-currency interest rate swaps to hedge both foreign currency and interest rate risks from securities available for sale.
For these hedges, the Group applies either fair value or cash flow hedge accounting when cost beneficial. When hedging only interest rate risk, fair value hedge accounting is applied for hedges of assets or liabilities with fixed interest rates, and cash flow hedge accounting is applied for hedges of floating interest rates. When hedging both foreign currency and interest rate risks, cash flow hedge accounting is applied when all functional-currency-equivalent cash flows have been fixed; otherwise fair value hedge accounting is applied.
For the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, net hedge ineffectiveness from fair value hedges, which is based on changes in fair value resulting from changes in the market price or rate related to the risk being hedged, and amounts excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness resulted in a loss of€ 100 million, a loss of€ 82 million and a loss of€ 81 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2004, the longest term cash flow hedge outstanding, excluding hedges of existing variable rate instruments, matures in 2039.
Derivatives entered into for nontrading purposes that do not qualify for hedge accounting are also classified as trading assets and liabilities. These include interest rate swaps, credit derivatives, foreign exchange forwards and cross currency interest rate swaps used to economically hedge interest, credit and foreign exchange risk, but for which it is not cost beneficial to apply hedge accounting.
Net (gains) losses of€ 81 million,€ (13) million and€ 226 million from nontrading equity derivatives used to offset fluctuations in employee share-based compensation expense were included in compensation and benefits for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
Derivative Financial Instruments Indexed to Our Own Shares
The Group enters into contracts indexed to Deutsche Bank common shares to acquire shares to satisfy employee share-based compensation awards, and for trading purposes.
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At December 31, 2004, the Group had outstanding call options to purchase approximately 3.5 million shares at a weighted-average strike price of€ 68.29 per share related to employee share-based compensation awards. The options must be net-cash settled and they mature in less than five years. The fair value of these options amounted to€ 20.9 million at December 31, 2004. A€ 1 decrease in the price of Deutsche Bank common shares would have reduced the fair value of these options by€ 1.7 million.
Related to trading activities, the following derivative contracts that are indexed to Deutsche Bank’s own shares are outstanding at December 31, 2004.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Type of contract | | | Settlement | | Maturity | | Number of | | | Weighted- | | | Effect of | | | Fair value of | | |
| | | | alternative | | | | issuer’s shares | | | average strike | | | decrease | | | contract | | |
| | | | | | | | to which | | | price (in€) | | | of share price | | | asset | | |
| | | | | | | | contracts are | | | | | | by€ 1 | | | (liability) | | |
| | | | | | | | indexed | | | | | | (€ in thousands) | | | (€ in thousands) | | |
| | | | | |
| Purchased options | | | Net-cash | | Up to 3 months | | | 12,539,217 | | | | 69.27 | | | | (39 | ) | | | 2,754 | | |
| | | | | | > 3 months – 1 year | | | 7,119,315 | | | | 67.15 | | | | (177 | ) | | | 40,705 | | |
| | | | | | > 1 year – 5 years | | | 6,462,566 | | | | 63.91 | | | | (613 | ) | | | 36,906 | | |
| | | | | |
| Sold options | | | Net-cash | | Up to 3 months | | | 1,515,426 | | | | 62.27 | | | | 46 | | | | (5,148 | ) | |
| | | | | | > 3 months – 1 year | | | 24,193,469 | | | | 65.34 | | | | 1,536 | | | | (51,366 | ) | |
| | | | | | > 1 year – 5 years | | | 5,947,696 | | | | 65.65 | | | | 857 | | | | (52,549 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Forward purchases | | | Net-cash | | Up to 3 months | | | 7,027 | | | | 64.30 | | | | (7 | ) | | | 8 | | |
| | | | | | > 3 months – 1 year | | | 1,489,928 | | | | 63.30 | | | | (1,490 | ) | | | (206 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| | | | Deutsche Bank choice Net-cash/ physical1 | | Up to 3 months | | | 16,000,000 | | | | 58.00 | | | | (16,000 | ) | | | (655 | ) | |
| | | | | > 3 months – 1 year | | | 28,720,220 | | | | 60.90 | | | | (28,720 | ) | | | 111,727 | | |
| | | | | >1 year – 5 years | | | 10,000,000 | | | | 65.00 | | | | (10,000 | ) | | | (4,303 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Forward sales | | | Net-cash | | Up to 3 months | | | 163,894 | | | | 65.32 | | | | 164 | | | | (22 | ) | |
| | | | | | > 3 months – 1 year | | | 1,312,062 | | | | 65.32 | | | | 1,312 | | | | (63 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| | | | Counterparty choice Net-cash/ physical1 | | > 3 months – 1 year | | | 386,748 | | | | 54.39 | | | | 387 | | | | (3,636 | ) | |
| | | | | > 1 year – 5 years | | | 55,708,795 | | | | 54.52 | | | | 55,709 | | | | (383,946 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
1 | | Fair values do not differ significantly relating to settlement alternatives. |
The above contracts related to trading activities are accounted for as trading assets and liabilities and are thus carried at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in earnings.
Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk
The Group utilizes various lending-related commitments in order to meet the financing needs of its customers. The contractual amount of these commitments is the maximum amount at risk for the Group if the customer fails to meet its obligations. Off-balance sheet credit risk amounts are determined without consideration of the value of any related collateral and reflect the total potential loss on undrawn commitments. The table below summarizes the Group’s lending-related commitments:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | | Dec 31, 2003 | | |
| | | | | |
| Commitments to extend credit: | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Fixed rates1 | | | | 27,897 | | | | 22,318 | | |
| | | | | |
| Variable rates2 | | | | 77,268 | | | | 66,566 | | |
| | | | | |
1 | | Includes commitments to extend commercial letters of credit and guarantees of€ 2.4 billion and€ 2.3 billion at December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively. |
|
2 | | Includes commitments to extend commercial letters of credit and guarantees of€ 902 million and€ 833 million at December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively. |
In addition, as of December 31, 2004 the Group had loan commitments of€ 19.2 billion that were revocable at any time. Commitments to enter into reverse repurchase and repurchase agreements amounted to€ 58.6 billion and€ 41.1 billion, respectively, as of December 31, 2004. As of December 31, 2003, commitments to enter into reverse repurchase and repurchase agreements totaled€ 39.3 billion and€ 23.5 billion, respectively.
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As of December 31, 2004 and 2003, the Group had commitments to contribute capital to equity method and other investments totaling€ 324 million and€ 399 million, respectively.
The Group also enters regularly into various guarantee and indemnification agreements in the normal course of business. Probable losses under these agreements are provided for as part of other liabilities. The principal guarantees and indemnifications that the Group enters into are the following:
Financial guarantees, standby letters of credit and performance guarantees, including indemnification for the effect of income taxes that may have to be paid by counterparties on certain transactions entered into with the Group, with a carrying amount of€ 592 million and€ 666 million and with maximum potential payments of€ 26.9 billion and€ 24.0 billion as of December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively, generally require the Group to make payments to the guaranteed party based on another’s failure to meet its obligations or to perform under an obligating agreement. Most of these guarantees (€ 17.0 billion) mature within five years, for€ 3.5 billion the duration is more than five years and€ 6.4 billion have revolving terms. These guarantees are collateralized with cash, securities and other collateral of€ 11.8 billion and€ 5.5 billion as of December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
Upon exercise, written put options effectively require the Group to pay for a decline in market value related to the counterparty’s underlying asset or liability. The carrying amount and maximum potential payments of written puts as of December 31, 2004 was€ 4.1 billion and€ 61.4 billion, respectively. The carrying amount and maximum potential payments of written puts as of December 31, 2003 was€ 4.9 billion and€ 66.2 billion, respectively. More than half of the puts (€ 36.0 billion) mature within one year,€ 22.4 billion have remaining exercise periods of more than one up to five years and€ 3.0 billion have remaining terms of more than five years. Additionally, credit derivatives requiring payment by the Group in the event of default of debt obligations have a carrying and maximum potential payment amount of€ 473 million and€ 4.0 billion, respectively, for those credit derivatives with negative market values and€ 486 million and€ 2.7 billion, respectively, related to those with positive market values. More than half of the credit derivatives with negative market values (€ 3.4 billion) mature within one year.€ 494 million have remaining exercise periods of more than one and up to five years and€ 50 million have remaining terms of more than five years. Instruments with positive market values of€ 271 million mature within one year,€ 2.2 billion have remaining exercise periods of more than one and up to five years and€ 249 million have remaining terms of more than five years. These contracts are typically uncollateralized. As of December 31, 2003 the carrying amount and maximum potential payments of credit derivatives related to negative market values was€ 1 million and€ 53 million, respectively. The credit derivatives related positive market values with a carrying amount and maximum potential payments were€ 588 million and€ 2.3 billion, respectively.
Securities lending indemnifications require the Group to pay for the replacement costs or market value of securities loaned to third parties in the event the third parties fail to return the securities. The Group had no securities lending indemnifications as of December 31, 2004 as this business was sold to State Street Bank. At December 31, 2003 the Group had maximum potential indemnification payments totaling€ 45.3 billion with contract terms up to six months for which it had received collateral, primarily cash, totaling€ 45.9 billion. These indemnifications related to clients whose business had not yet been novated and migrated to State Street Bank and/or who had terminated their relationship.
[32] Concentrations of Credit Risk
The Group defines credit exposure as all transactions where losses might occur due to the fact that counterparties may not fulfill their contractual payment obligations. The Group calculates the gross amount of the exposure without taking into account any collateral, other credit enhancement or credit risk mitigating transactions. The tables below show details about the Group’s main credit exposures categories, namely, loans, contingent liabilities, over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives and tradable assets.
– | | “Loans” are net loans as reported on the balance sheet but before deduction of the allowance for loan losses. |
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– | | “Contingent Liabilities” consist of financial and performance guarantees, standby letters of credit and indemnity agreements. |
– | | “OTC Derivatives” are credit exposures from over-the-counter derivative transactions that the Group has entered into. On the Group’s balance sheet, these are included in trading assets and, for derivatives entered into for nontrading purposes, in other assets. |
– | | “Tradable Assets” include bonds, loans and other fixed-income products that are in trading assets as well as in securities available for sale. |
Although the Group considers them in monitoring credit exposures, the following are not included in the tables below: cash and due from banks, interest-earning deposits with banks, and accrued interest receivables amounting to€ 29.5 billion at December 31, 2004 and€ 29.4 billion at December 31, 2003; forward committed repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements of€ 99.7 billion at December 31, 2004 and€ 62.8 billion at December 31, 2003; and lending-related commitments of€ 105.2 billion at December 31, 2004 and€ 88.9 billion at December 31, 2003. At December 31, 2004, 86% of our lending-related commitments were extended to counterparties rated at the equivalent of investment-grade debt ratings from the major international rating agencies.
The following table breaks down the Group’s main credit exposure categories according to the industry sector of the Group’s counterparties.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Credit risk profile by | | | Loans | | | | Contingent liabilities | | | | OTC derivatives | | | | Tradable assets | | | | Total | | |
| industry sector | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Dec. 31, | | | Dec. 31, | | | | Dec. 31, | | | Dec. 31, | | | | Dec. 31, | | | Dec. 31, | | | | Dec. 31, | | | Dec. 31, | | | | Dec. 31, | | | Dec. 31, | | |
| in€ m. | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Banks and insurance | | | | 7,787 | | | | 10,521 | | | | | 4,921 | | | | 4,990 | | | | | 44,450 | | | | 46,597 | | | | | 51,406 | | | | 62,480 | | | | | 108,564 | | | | 124,588 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Manufacturing | | | | 13,270 | | | | 16,155 | | | | | 8,028 | | | | 7,834 | | | | | 1,837 | | | | 1,997 | | | | | 15,919 | | | | 18,241 | | | | | 39,054 | | | | 44,227 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Households | | | | 57,076 | | | | 54,937 | | | | | 1,372 | | | | 862 | | | | | 285 | | | | 357 | | | | | – | | | | – | | | | | 58,733 | | | | 56,156 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Public sector | | | | 3,278 | | | | 2,309 | | | | | 1,630 | | | | 377 | | | | | 5,838 | | | | 3,984 | | | | | 140,614 | | | | 104,648 | | | | | 151,360 | | | | 111,318 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Wholesale and retail trade | | | | 10,288 | | | | 11,824 | | | | | 2,274 | | | | 2,454 | | | | | 684 | | | | 691 | | | | | 3,062 | | | | 3,589 | | | | | 16,308 | | | | 18,558 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Commercial real estate activities | | | | 14,102 | | | | 13,606 | | | | | 313 | | | | 722 | | | | | 763 | | | | 300 | | | | | 1,755 | | | | 1,447 | | | | | 16,933 | | | | 16,075 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Other | | | | 32,888 | 1 | | | 38,875 | 1 | | | | 11,357 | | | | 9,298 | | | | | 7,810 | | | | 6,545 | | | | | 32,270 | | | | 38,064 | | | | | 84,325 | | | | 92,782 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total | | | | 138,689 | | | | 148,227 | | | | | 29,895 | | | | 26,537 | | | | | 61,667 | | | | 60,471 | | | | | 245,026 | | | | 228,469 | | | | | 475,277 | | | | 463,704 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
1 | | Includes lease financing. |
In the following table, exposures have been allocated to regions based on the country of domicile of the Group’s counterparties, irrespective of any affiliations the counterparties may have with corporate groups domiciled elsewhere.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Credit risk profile by | | | Loans | | | | Contingent liabilities | | | | OTC derivatives | | | | Tradable assets | | | | Total | | |
| region | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Dec. 31, | | | Dec. 31, | | | | Dec. 31, | | | Dec. 31, | | | | Dec. 31, | | | Dec. 31, | | | | Dec. 31, | | | Dec. 31, | | | | Dec. 31, | | | Dec. 31, | | |
| in€ m. | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Eastern Europe | | | | 1,568 | | | | 1,372 | | | | | 418 | | | | 491 | | | | | 607 | | | | 588 | | | | | 3,282 | | | | 2,840 | | | | | 5,875 | | | | 5,291 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Western Europe | | | | 112,139 | | | | 120,136 | | | | | 18,840 | | | | 16,283 | | | | | 36,486 | | | | 35,428 | | | | | 88,450 | | | | 87,969 | | | | | 255,915 | | | | 259,816 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Africa | | | | 288 | | | | 395 | | | | | 168 | | | | 192 | | | | | 300 | | | | 224 | | | | | 1,000 | | | | 1,086 | | | | | 1,756 | | | | 1,897 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Asia-Pacific | | | | 8,258 | | | | 7,176 | | | | | 2,656 | | | | 2,624 | | | | | 6,892 | | | | 7,072 | | | | | 57,680 | | | | 36,019 | | | | | 75,486 | | | | 52,891 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| North America | | | | 14,911 | | | | 17,038 | | | | | 7,469 | | | | 6,752 | | | | | 15,820 | | | | 15,495 | | | | | 87,749 | | | | 94,632 | | | | | 125,949 | | | | 133,917 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Central and South America | | | | 1,522 | | | | 2,075 | | | | | 326 | | | | 195 | | | | | 688 | | | | 571 | | | | | 4,607 | | | | 3,850 | | | | | 7,143 | | | | 6,691 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Other1 | | | | 3 | | | | 35 | | | | | 18 | | | | – | | | | | 874 | | | | 1,093 | | | | | 2,258 | | | | 2,073 | | | | | 3,153 | | | | 3,201 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total | | | | 138,689 | | | | 148,227 | | | | | 29,895 | | | | 26,537 | | | | | 61,667 | | | | 60,471 | | | | | 245,026 | | | | 228,469 | | | | | 475,277 | | | | 463,704 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
1 | | Includes supranational organizations and other exposures that have not been allocated to a single region. |
F-77
[33] Fair Value of Financial Instruments
SFAS No. 107, “Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments” (“SFAS 107”) requires the disclosure of fair value information about financial instruments, whether or not recognized in the balance sheet, for which it is practicable to estimate that value. Quoted market prices, when available, are used as the measure of fair value. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on present value estimates or other valuation techniques. These derived fair values are significantly affected by assumptions used, principally the timing of future cash flows and the discount rate. Because assumptions are inherently subjective in nature, the estimated fair values cannot be substantiated by comparison to independent market quotes and, in many cases, the estimated fair values would not necessarily be realized in an immediate sale or settlement of the instrument. The disclosure requirements of SFAS 107 exclude certain financial instruments and all nonfinancial instruments (e.g., franchise value of businesses). Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented do not represent management’s estimation of the underlying value of the Group.
The following are the estimated fair values of the Group’s financial instruments recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, followed by a general description of the methods and assumptions used to estimate such fair values.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | | Carrying amount | | | | Fair value | | |
| in€ m. | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | | Dec 31, 2003 | | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | | Dec 31, 2003 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Financial assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Cash and due from banks | | | | 7,579 | | | | 6,636 | | | | | 7,579 | | | | 6,636 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Interest-earning deposits with banks | | | | 18,089 | | | | 14,649 | | | | | 18,100 | | | | 14,660 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Central bank funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements and securities borrowed | | | | 189,551 | | | | 185,215 | | | | | 189,610 | | | | 185,351 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Trading assets | | | | 373,147 | | | | 345,371 | | | | | 373,147 | | | | 345,371 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Securities available for sale | | | | 20,335 | | | | 24,631 | | | | | 20,335 | | | | 24,631 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Other investments | | | | 2,358 | | | | 2,398 | | | | | 2,364 | | | | 2,398 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Loans (excluding leases), net | | | | 133,801 | | | | 140,963 | | | | | 136,311 | | | | 143,014 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Other financial assets | | | | 67,830 | | | | 53,812 | | | | | 67,992 | | | | 53,812 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Financial liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Noninterest-bearing deposits | | | | 27,274 | | | | 28,168 | | | | | 27,274 | | | | 28,168 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Interest-bearing deposits | | | | 302,195 | | | | 277,986 | | | | | 302,040 | | | | 278,262 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Trading liabilities | | | | 169,606 | | | | 153,234 | | | | | 169,606 | | | | 153,234 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Central bank funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements and securities loaned | | | | 118,173 | | | | 117,250 | | | | | 118,178 | | | | 117,348 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Other short-term borrowings | | | | 20,118 | | | | 22,290 | | | | | 20,115 | | | | 22,315 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Other financial liabilities | | | | 60,598 | | | | 72,132 | | | | | 60,550 | | | | 72,126 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Long-term debt | | | | 106,870 | | | | 97,480 | | | | | 106,602 | | | | 97,848 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Methods and Assumptions
For short-term financial instruments, defined as those with remaining maturities of 90 days or less, the carrying amounts were considered to be a reasonable estimate of fair value. The following instruments were predominantly short-term:
| | | | | |
| | |
| Assets | | | Liabilities | |
| | | | | |
| Cash and due from banks | | | Interest-bearing deposits | |
| | | | | |
| Central bank funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements and securities borrowed | | | Central bank funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements and securities loaned | |
| | | | | |
| Interest-earning deposits with banks | | | Other short-term borrowings | |
| | | | | |
| Other financial assets | | | Other financial liabilities | |
| | | | | |
For those components of the above-listed financial instruments with remaining maturities greater than 90 days, fair value was determined by discounting contractual cash flows using rates which could be
F-78
earned for assets with similar remaining maturities and, in the case of liabilities, rates at which the liabilities with similar remaining maturities could be issued as of the balance sheet date.
Trading assets (including derivatives), trading liabilities and securities available for sale are carried at their fair values.
For short-term loans and variable rate loans which reprice within 90 days, the carrying value was considered to be a reasonable estimate of fair value. For those loans for which quoted market prices were available, fair value was based on such prices. For other types of loans, fair value was estimated by discounting future cash flows using the current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the same remaining maturities. In addition, the specific loss component of the allowance for loan losses, including recoverable amounts of collateral, was considered in the fair value determination of loans. Other investments consist primarily of investments in equity instruments (excluding, in accordance with SFAS 107, investments accounted for under the equity method).
Other financial assets consisted primarily of accounts receivable, accrued interest receivable, cash and cash margins with brokers and due from customers on acceptances.
Noninterest-bearing deposits do not have defined maturities. Fair value represents the amount payable on demand as of the balance sheet date.
Other financial liabilities consisted primarily of accounts payable, accrued interest payable, accrued expenses and acceptances outstanding.
The fair value of long-term debt was estimated by using market quotes, as well as discounting the remaining contractual cash flows using a rate at which the Group could issue debt with a similar remaining maturity as of the balance sheet date.
The fair value of commitments to extend credit was estimated by using market quotes. On this basis, at December 31, 2004, the fair value of commitments to extend credit approximated the allowance for these commitments of€ 107 million.
F-79
[34] Condensed Deutsche Bank AG (Parent Company Only) Financial Statements
Condensed Statement of Income
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | | |
| | | | | |
| Interest revenues, excluding dividends from subsidiaries | | | | 17,921 | | | | 18,080 | | | | 21,948 | | |
| | | | | |
| Dividends received from subsidiaries: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Banks | | | | 1,172 | | | | 898 | | | | 1,670 | | |
| Nonbanks | | | | 1,211 | | | | 1,930 | | | | 3,934 | | |
| | | | | |
| Interest expense | | | | 18,639 | | | | 17,732 | | | | 20,761 | | |
| | | | | |
| Net interest and dividend revenues | | | | 1,665 | | | | 3,176 | | | | 6,791 | | |
| | | | | |
| Provision for loan losses | | | | 92 | | | | 525 | | | | 1,310 | | |
| | | | | |
| Net interest and dividend revenues after provision for loan losses | | | | 1,573 | | | | 2,651 | | | | 5,481 | | |
| | | | | |
| Noninterest revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Commissions and fees | | | | 2,901 | | | | 2,864 | | | | 2,830 | | |
| Trading revenues, net | | | | 6,803 | | | | 4,940 | | | | 5,275 | | |
| Other revenues | | | | 153 | | | | (35 | ) | | | 763 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total noninterest revenues | | | | 9,857 | | | | 7,769 | | | | 8,868 | | |
| | | | | |
| Noninterest expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Compensation and benefits | | | | 5,074 | | | | 5,414 | | | | 4,857 | | |
| Other expenses | | | | 3,533 | | | | 3,513 | | | | 3,887 | | |
| Services provided to affiliates, net | | | | (234 | ) | | | (29 | ) | | | (560 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Total noninterest expenses | | | | 8,373 | | | | 8,898 | | | | 8,184 | | |
| | | | | |
| Income before income taxes and equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries and affiliates | | | | 3,057 | | | | 1,522 | | | | 6,165 | | |
| | | | | |
| Income tax expense (benefit) | | | | 721 | | | | (333 | ) | | | 978 | | |
| | | | | |
| Income before cumulative effect of accounting changes | | | | 2,336 | | | | 1,855 | | | | 5,187 | | |
| | | | | |
| Cumulative effect of accounting changes, net of tax | | | | – | | | | 140 | | | | – | | |
| | | | | |
| Income before equity in undistributed income (loss) of subsidiaries and affiliates | | | | 2,336 | | | | 1,995 | | | | 5,187 | | |
| | | | | |
| Equity in undistributed income (loss) of subsidiaries and affiliates | | | | 136 | | | | (630 | ) | | | (4,790 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Net income | | | | 2,472 | | | | 1,365 | | | | 397 | | |
| | | | | |
F - 80
Condensed Balance Sheet
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | | Dec 31, 2003 | | |
| | | | | |
| Assets | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Cash and due from banks: | | | | | | | | | | |
| Bank subsidiaries | | | | 203 | | | | 645 | | |
| Other | | | | 3,586 | | | | 2,532 | | |
| | | | | |
| Interest-earning deposits with banks: | | | | | | | | | | |
| Bank subsidiaries | | | | 37,803 | | | | 39,470 | | |
| Other | | | | 12,070 | | | | 12,600 | | |
| | | | | |
| Securities borrowed and central bank funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements: | | | | | | | | | | |
| Bank subsidiaries | | | | 3,043 | | | | 4,288 | | |
| Nonbank subsidiaries | | | | 65,530 | | | | 49,728 | | |
| Other | | | | 81,746 | | | | 84,122 | | |
| | | | | |
| Trading assets: | | | | | | | | | | |
| Bank subsidiaries | | | | 4,601 | | | | 6,238 | | |
| Nonbank subsidiaries | | | | 5,673 | | | | 6,789 | | |
| Other | | | | 278,802 | | | | 233,592 | | |
| | | | | |
| Securities available for sale | | | | 4,720 | | | | 4,133 | | |
| | | | | |
| Other investments | | | | 3,551 | | | | 3,045 | | |
| | | | | |
| Investment in subsidiaries: | | | | | | | | | | |
| Bank subsidiaries | | | | 7,749 | | | | 7,688 | | |
| Nonbank subsidiaries | | | | 32,624 | | | | 34,114 | | |
| | | | | |
| Loans, net: | | | | | | | | | | |
| Bank subsidiaries | | | | 3,993 | | | | 3,474 | | |
| Nonbank subsidiaries | | | | 91,746 | | | | 90,958 | | |
| Other | | | | 46,673 | | | | 54,123 | | |
| | | | | |
| Other assets: | | | | | | | | | | |
| Bank subsidiaries | | | | 3,085 | | | | 1,968 | | |
| Nonbank subsidiaries | | | | 7,552 | | | | 7,923 | | |
| Other | | | | 47,244 | | | | 32,221 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total assets | | | | 741,994 | | | | 679,651 | | |
| | | | | |
| Liabilities and shareholders’ equity | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Deposits: | | | | | | | | | | |
| Bank subsidiaries | | | | 61,357 | | | | 61,064 | | |
| Nonbank subsidiaries | | | | 61,888 | | | | 57,634 | | |
| Other | | | | 231,910 | | | | 211,986 | | |
| | | | | |
| Trading liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | |
| Bank subsidiaries | | | | 2,554 | | | | 4,587 | | |
| Nonbank subsidiaries | | | | 4,970 | | | | 4,554 | | |
| Other | | | | 118,172 | | | | 105,778 | | |
| | | | | |
| Securities loaned and central bank funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements: | | | | | | | | | | |
| Bank subsidiaries | | | | 11,044 | | | | 12,225 | | |
| Nonbank subsidiaries | | | | 19,607 | | | | 19,338 | | |
| Other | | | | 55,472 | | | | 53,639 | | |
| | | | | |
| Other short-term borrowings: | | | | | | | | | | |
| Bank subsidiaries | | | | 1,453 | | | | 155 | | |
| Nonbank subsidiaries | | | | 1,085 | | | | 690 | | |
| Other | | | | 7,101 | | | | 5,275 | | |
| | | | | |
| Other liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | |
| Bank subsidiaries | | | | 952 | | | | 870 | | |
| Nonbank subsidiaries | | | | 15,114 | | | | 8,675 | | |
| Other | | | | 27,888 | | | | 22,661 | | |
| | | | | |
| Long-term debt | | | | 95,523 | | | | 82,318 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total liabilities | | | | 716,090 | | | | 651,449 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total shareholders’ equity | | | | 25,904 | | | | 28,202 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | | | | 741,994 | | | | 679,651 | | |
| | | | | |
F - 81
Condensed Statement of Cash Flows
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | | |
| | | | | |
| Cash flows from operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Net income | | | | 2,472 | | | | 1,365 | | | | 397 | | |
| | | | | |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Provision for loan losses | | | | 92 | | | | (2,226 | ) | | | 1,310 | | |
| Equity in undistributed income of subsidiaries | | | | (136 | ) | | | 490 | | | | 4,790 | | |
| Deferred income taxes, net | | | | 735 | | | | 94 | | | | (903 | ) | |
| Impairment, depreciation and other amortization and accretion | | | | 283 | | | | 1,473 | | | | 3,919 | | |
| Share of net loss (income) from equity method investments | | | | (79 | ) | | | 15 | | | | 856 | | |
| (Gains) losses on securities available for sale, other investments, loans and other | | | | (204 | ) | | | (157 | ) | | | (1,424 | ) | |
| Cumulative effect of accounting changes, net of tax | | | | – | | | | (139 | ) | | | – | | |
| Other, net | | | | – | | | | 7 | | | | (1 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Net change in: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Trading assets | | | | (42,457 | ) | | | (10,378 | ) | | | (22,671 | ) | |
| Other assets | | | | (12,515 | ) | | | (7,105 | ) | | | (1,544 | ) | |
| Trading liabilities | | | | 10,777 | | | | 9,249 | | | | 5,576 | | |
| Other liabilities | | | | 11,307 | | | | 10,180 | | | | (5,030 | ) | |
| Other, net | | | | (306 | ) | | | (648 | ) | | | 1,405 | | |
| | | | | |
| Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities | | | | (30,031 | ) | | | 2,220 | | | | (13,320 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Cash flows from investing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Net change in: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest-earning deposits with banks | | | | 2,198 | | | | 8,125 | | | | 11,511 | | |
| Securities borrowed and central bank funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements | | | | (12,181 | ) | | | (22,506 | ) | | | 9,128 | | |
| Loans | | | | 4,092 | | | | (1,585 | ) | | | 29,662 | | |
| Investment in subsidiaries | | | | 1,565 | | | | (2,326 | ) | | | 3,847 | | |
| | | | | |
| Proceeds from: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Sale of securities available for sale | | | | 987 | | | | 1,738 | | | | 4,011 | | |
| Maturities of securities available for sale | | | | 2,967 | | | | 3,622 | | | | 6,436 | | |
| Sale of other investments, loans and other | | | | 3,057 | | | | 4,235 | | | | 8,495 | | |
| | | | | |
| Purchase of: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Securities available for sale | | | | (2,874 | ) | | | (5,902 | ) | | | (6,480 | ) | |
| Other investments | | | | (2,032 | ) | | | (1,249 | ) | | | (3,358 | ) | |
| Premises and equipment | | | | (209 | ) | | | (284 | ) | | | (402 | ) | |
| Other, net | | | | 56 | | | | 84 | | | | 376 | | |
| | | | | |
| Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | | | | (2,374 | ) | | | (16,048 | ) | | | 63,226 | | |
| | | | | |
| Cash flows from financing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Net change in: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Deposits | | | | 24,476 | | | | (729 | ) | | | (48,949 | ) | |
| Securities loaned and central bank funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements | | | | 922 | | | | 13,591 | | | | (12,158 | ) | |
| Other short-term borrowings | | | | 3,519 | | | | 2,946 | | | | 480 | | |
| | | | | |
| Issuances of long-term debt | | | | 30,385 | | | | 22,701 | | | | 34,603 | | |
| | | | | |
| Repayments and extinguishment of long-term debt | | | | (21,781 | ) | | | (23,742 | ) | | | (19,656 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Issuances of common shares | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 73 | | |
| | | | | |
| Purchases of treasury shares | | | | (34,471 | ) | | | (25,464 | ) | | | (30,755 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Sale of treasury shares | | | | 30,850 | | | | 23,389 | | | | 28,665 | | |
| | | | | |
| Cash dividends paid | | | | (828 | ) | | | (756 | ) | | | (800 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Other, net | | | | 12 | | | | (30 | ) | | | (807 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | | | | 33,084 | | | | 11,906 | | | | (49,304 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Net effect of exchange rate changes on cash and due from banks | | | | (67 | ) | | | (288 | ) | | | (314 | ) | |
| | | | | |
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and due from banks | | | | 612 | | | | (2,210 | ) | | | 288 | | |
| | | | | |
| Cash and due from banks, beginning of the year | | | | 3,177 | | | | 5,387 | | | | 5,099 | | |
| | | | | |
| Cash and due from banks, end of the year | | | | 3,789 | | | | 3,177 | | | | 5,387 | | |
| | | | | |
| Interest paid | | | | 18,156 | | | | 18,057 | | | | 21,111 | | |
| Income taxes paid, net | | | | (35 | ) | | | (18 | ) | | | (521 | ) | |
| Noncash investing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Transfer from available for sale securities to trading assets | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| Transfer from trading assets to available for sale securities | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | | | | |
F - 82
The following table is a summary of the Parent Company’s long-term debt:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| By remaining maturities | | Due in | | | Due in | | | Due in | | | Due in | | | Due in | | | Due after | | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | | Dec 31, 2003 | | |
| in€ m. | | 2005 | | | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | | 2009 | | | | total | | | total | | |
| | | | | |
| Senior debt: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Bonds and notes: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Fixed rate | | | 6,170 | | | | 5,239 | | | | 8,442 | | | | 3,652 | | | | 9,220 | | | | 18,407 | | | | | 51,130 | | | | 42,552 | | |
| | | | | |
| Floating rate | | | 6,400 | | | | 3,112 | | | | 5,126 | | | | 5,620 | | | | 4,164 | | | | 9,244 | | | | | 33,666 | | | | 30,019 | | |
| | | | | |
| Subordinated debt: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Bonds and notes: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Fixed rate | | | 152 | | | | 1,172 | | | | 990 | | | | – | | | | 1,264 | | | | 4,254 | | | | | 7,832 | | | | 8,505 | | |
| | | | | |
| Floating rate | | | – | | | | – | | | | 73 | | | | – | | | | 184 | | | | 2,638 | | | | | 2,895 | | | | 1,242 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total | | | 12,722 | | | | 9,523 | | | | 14,631 | | | | 9,272 | | | | 14,832 | | | | 34,543 | | | | | 95,523 | | | | 82,318 | | |
| | | | | |
[35] Litigation
WorldCom Litigation. Deutsche Bank AG and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., the Group’s U.S. broker-dealer subsidiary (“DBSI”), are defendants in more than 40 actions filed in federal and state courts arising out of alleged material misstatements and omissions in the financial statements of WorldCom Inc. DBSI was a member of the syndicate that underwrote WorldCom’s May 2000 and May 2001 bond offerings, which are among the bond offerings at issue in the actions. Deutsche Bank AG, London branch was a member of the syndicate that underwrote the sterling and Euro tranches of the May 2001 bond offering. Plaintiffs are alleged purchasers of these and other WorldCom debt securities. The defendants in the various actions include certain WorldCom directors and officers, WorldCom’s auditor and members of the underwriting syndicates for the debt offerings. Plaintiffs allege that the offering documents contained material misstatements and/or omissions regarding WorldCom’s financial condition. The claims against DBSI and Deutsche Bank AG are made under federal and state statutes (including securities laws), and under various common law doctrines. The largest of the actions against Deutsche Bank AG and DBSI is a class action litigation in the U.S. District Court in the Southern District of New York, in which the class plaintiffs are the holders of a significant majority of the bonds at issue. On March 10, 2005, Deutsche Bank AG and DBSI reached a settlement agreement, subject to court approval, resolving the class action claims asserted against them, for a payment of approximately U.S.$ 325 million. The settlement of the class action claims does not resolve the individual actions brought by investors who chose to opt out of the federal class action. The financial effects of the class action settlement are reflected in our 2004 consolidated financial statements.
Philipp Holzmann AG.Philipp Holzmann AG (“Holzmann”) is a major German construction firm which filed for insolvency in March 2002. The Group had been a major creditor bank and holder of an equity interest of Holzmann for many decades, and, from April 1997 until April 2000, a former member of Deutsche Bank AG’s Board of Managing Directors was the Chairman of its Supervisory Board. When Holzmann had become insolvent at the end of 1999, a consortium of banks led by Deutsche Bank participated in late 1999 and early 2000 in a restructuring of Holzmann that included the banks’ extension of a credit facility, participation in a capital increase and exchange of debt into convertible bonds. In March 2002, Holzmann and several of its subsidiaries, including in particular imbau Industrielles Bauen GmbH (“imbau”), filed for insolvency. As a result of this insolvency, the administrators for Holzmann and for imbau and a group of bondholders have informed the Group they may assert claims against the Group because of its role as lender to the Holzmann group prior to and after the restructuring and as leader of the consortium of banks which supported the restructuring. The purported claims include claims that amounts repaid to the banks constituted voidable preferences that should be returned to the insolvent entities and claims of lender liability resulting from the banks’ support for an allegedly infeasible restructuring. Although the Group is in ongoing discussions, the Group cannot exclude that some of the parties may file lawsuits against it. To date, the administrator for imbau filed a lawsuit against the Group in August 2004 alleging that payments received by the Group in respect of a
F - 83
loan made to imbau in 1997 and 1998 and in connection with a real estate transaction that was part of the restructuring constituted voidable preferences that should be returned to the insolvent entity. Additionally, Gebema N.V. filed a lawsuit in 2000 seeking damages against the Group alleging deficiencies in the offering documents based on which Gebema N.V. had invested in equity and convertible bonds of Holzmann in 1998.
Due to the nature of its business, the Group is involved in litigation, arbitration and regulatory proceedings in Germany and in a number of jurisdictions outside Germany, including the United States, arising in the ordinary course of business. Such matters are subject to many uncertainties, and the outcome of individual matters is not predictable with assurance. Although the final resolution of any such matters could have a material effect on the Group’s consolidated operating results for a particular reporting period, the Group believes that it should not materially affect its consolidated financial position.
[36] Terrorist Attacks in the United States
As a result of the terrorist attacks in the United States on September 11, 2001, several of the Group’s office buildings as well as a leased property were severely damaged or destroyed. Costs incurred by the Group as a result of the terrorist attacks include, but are not limited to, write-offs of fixed assets, expenses incurred to replace fixed assets that were damaged, relocation expenses, and expenses incurred to secure and maintain the damaged properties. The Group has and continues to make claims for these costs through its insurance policies.
During 2003, the Group reached a settlement with two of its four insurers. As of December 31, 2004, the Group has partially settled with the other two insurers, including a tri-party agreement in which the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation (LMDC) purchased the land at 130 Liberty Street for U.S.$ 90 million and will pay for the demolition of the building on the property, subject to a demolition cap agreement that establishes an amount above which costs will be borne by the two insurers. The remaining claim with these two insurers has been directed to a binding arbitration process for resolution.
As of December 31, 2004, the Group received payments from the four insurers totaling U.S.$ 747 million. These proceeds for the settled portions of its claims exceeded the total amount of the net receivable on the balance sheet for asset write-offs, environmental, consulting, and other costs. As a result, the Group recorded a benefit of€ 51 million arising from the net insurance reimbursements and sale of the property at 130 Liberty Street. For the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002, no losses were recorded by the Group.
F - 84
[37] Condensed Consolidating Financial Information
On June 4, 1999, Deutsche Bank, acting through a subsidiary, acquired all outstanding shares of Deutsche Bank Trust Corporation (formerly Bankers Trust Corporation), a bank holding company headquartered in New York. Deutsche Bank conducts some of its activities in the United States through Deutsche Bank Trust Corporation and its subsidiaries (“DBTC”).
On July 10, 2002, Deutsche Bank issued full and unconditional guarantees of DBTC’s outstanding SEC-registered obligations. DBTC is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Deutsche Bank. Set forth below is condensed consolidating financial information regarding the Parent, DBTC and other subsidiaries of Deutsche Bank on a combined basis.
Condensed Consolidating Statement of Income
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| 2004 | | Parent | | | DBTC | | | Other | | | Consolidating | | | Deutsche | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | subsidiaries | | | entries | | | Bank AG | | |
| in€ m. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | consolidated | | |
| | |
| Net interest revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Interest revenues, including dividends from subsidiaries | | | 20,304 | | | | 990 | | | | 20,602 | | | | (13,873 | ) | | | 28,023 | | |
| | |
| Interest expense | | | 18,639 | | | | 528 | | | | 13,775 | | | | (10,101 | ) | | | 22,841 | | |
| | |
| Net interest and dividend revenues | | | 1,665 | | | | 462 | | | | 6,827 | | | | (3,772 | ) | | | 5,182 | | |
| | |
| Provision for loan losses | | | 92 | | | | 10 | | | | 276 | | | | (6 | ) | | | 372 | | |
| | |
| Net interest and dividend revenues after provision for loan losses | | | 1,573 | | | | 452 | | | | 6,551 | | | | (3,766 | ) | | | 4,810 | | |
| | |
| Noninterest revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Commissions and fees, including insurance premiums | | | 2,901 | | | | 545 | | | | 6,183 | | | | – | | | | 9,629 | | |
| | |
| Trading revenues, net | | | 6,803 | | | | (105 | ) | | | (503 | ) | | | (9 | ) | | | 6,186 | | |
| | |
| Net gains (losses) on securities available for sale | | | (20 | ) | | | 1 | | | | 250 | | | | 4 | | | | 235 | | |
| | |
| Other revenues | | | 309 | | | | 802 | | | | (361 | ) | | | (64 | ) | | | 686 | | |
| | |
| Total noninterest revenues | | | 9,993 | | | | 1,243 | | | | 5,569 | | | | (69 | ) | | | 16,736 | | |
| | |
| Noninterest expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Compensation and benefits | | | 5,074 | | | | 426 | | | | 4,783 | | | | (61 | ) | | | 10,222 | | |
| | |
| Other expenses | | | 3,299 | | | | 830 | | | | 3,387 | | | | (221 | ) | | | 7,295 | | |
| | |
| Total noninterest expenses | | | 8,373 | | | | 1,256 | | | | 8,170 | | | | (282 | ) | | | 17,517 | | |
| | |
| Income before income tax expense and cumulative effect of accounting changes | | | 3,193 | | | | 439 | | | | 3,950 | | | | (3,553 | ) | | | 4,029 | | |
| | |
| Income tax expense | | | 721 | | | | 157 | | | | 428 | | | | 251 | | | | 1,557 | | |
| | |
| Income before cumulative effect of accounting changes, net of tax | | | 2,472 | | | | 282 | | | | 3,522 | | | | (3,804 | ) | | | 2,472 | | |
| | |
| Cumulative effect of accounting changes, net of tax | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | |
| Net income (loss) | | | 2,472 | | | | 282 | | | | 3,522 | | | | (3,804 | ) | | | 2,472 | | |
| | |
F - 85
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| 2003 | | Parent | | | DBTC | | | Other | | | Consolidating | | | Deutsche | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | subsidiaries | | | entries | | | Bank AG | | |
| in€ m. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | consolidated | | |
| | |
| Net interest revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Interest revenues, including dividends from subsidiaries | | | 20,908 | | | | 807 | | | | 18,184 | | | | (12,316 | ) | | | 27,583 | | |
| | |
| Interest expense | | | 17,732 | | | | 508 | | | | 11,800 | | | | (8,304 | ) | | | 21,736 | | |
| | |
| Net interest and dividend revenues | | | 3,176 | | | | 299 | | | | 6,384 | | | | (4,012 | ) | | | 5,847 | | |
| | |
| Provision for loan losses | | | 525 | | | | 232 | | | | 371 | | | | (15 | ) | | | 1,113 | | |
| | |
| Net interest and dividend revenues after provision for loan losses | | | 2,651 | | | | 67 | | | | 6,013 | | | | (3,997 | ) | | | 4,734 | | |
| | |
| Noninterest revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Commissions and fees, including insurance premiums | | | 2,864 | | | | 663 | | | | 5,917 | | | | – | | | | 9,444 | | |
| | |
| Trading revenues, net | | | 4,940 | | | | 67 | | | | 497 | | | | 107 | | | | 5,611 | | |
| | |
| Net gains (losses) on securities available for sale | | | (67 | ) | | | (3 | ) | | | 105 | | | | (15 | ) | | | 20 | | |
| | |
| Other revenues | | | (598 | ) | | | 747 | | | | 992 | | | | (795 | ) | | | 346 | | |
| | |
| Total noninterest revenues | | | 7,139 | | | | 1,474 | | | | 7,511 | | | | (703 | ) | | | 15,421 | | |
| | |
| Noninterest expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Compensation and benefits | | | 5,414 | | | | 461 | | | | 4,598 | | | | 22 | | | | 10,495 | | |
| | |
| Other expenses | | | 3,484 | | | | 745 | | | | 2,975 | | | | (300 | ) | | | 6,904 | | |
| | |
| Total noninterest expenses | | | 8,898 | | | | 1,206 | | | | 7,573 | | | | (278 | ) | | | 17,399 | | |
| | |
| Income before income tax expense (benefit) and cumulative effect of accounting changes | | | 892 | | | | 335 | | | | 5,951 | | | | (4,422 | ) | | | 2,756 | | |
| | |
| Income tax expense (benefit) | | | (333 | ) | | | 121 | | | | 1,013 | | | | 741 | | | | 1,542 | | |
| | |
| Income before cumulative effect of accounting changes, net of tax | | | 1,225 | | | | 214 | | | | 4,938 | | | | (5,163 | ) | | | 1,214 | | |
| | |
| Cumulative effect of accounting changes, net of tax | | | 140 | | | | – | | | | 11 | | | | – | | | | 151 | | |
| | |
| Net income (loss) | | | 1,365 | | | | 214 | | | | 4,949 | | | | (5,163 | ) | | | 1,365 | | |
| | |
F - 86
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| 2002 | | Parent | | | DBTC | | | Other | | | Consolidating | | | Deutsche | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | subsidiaries | | | entries | | | Bank AG | | |
| in€ m. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | consolidated | | |
| | |
| Net interest revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Interest revenues, including dividends from subsidiaries | | | 27,552 | | | | 1,199 | | | | 24,644 | | | | (17,614 | ) | | | 35,781 | | |
| | |
| Interest expense | | | 20,761 | | | | 791 | | | | 18,189 | | | | (11,146 | ) | | | 28,595 | | |
| | |
| Net interest and dividend revenues | | | 6,791 | | | | 408 | | | | 6,455 | | | | (6,468 | ) | | | 7,186 | | |
| | |
| Provision for loan losses | | | 1,310 | | | | 268 | | | | 487 | | | | 26 | | | | 2,091 | | |
| | |
| Net interest and dividend revenues after provision for loan losses | | | 5,481 | | | | 140 | | | | 5,968 | | | | (6,494 | ) | | | 5,095 | | |
| | |
| Noninterest revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Commissions and fees, including insurance premiums | | | 2,830 | | | | 908 | | | | 7,840 | | | | – | | | | 11,578 | | |
| | |
| Trading revenues, net | | | 5,275 | | | | 23 | | | | (1,017 | ) | | | (257 | ) | | | 4,024 | | |
| | |
| Net gains on securities available for sale | | | 371 | | | | 5 | | | | 2,989 | | | | 158 | | | | 3,523 | | |
| | |
| Other revenues | | | (4,398 | ) | | | 520 | | | | 2,638 | | | | 1,476 | | | | 236 | | |
| | |
| Total noninterest revenues | | | 4,078 | | | | 1,456 | | | | 12,450 | | | | 1,377 | | | | 19,361 | | |
| | |
| Noninterest expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Compensation and benefits | | | 4,857 | | | | 797 | | | | 5,874 | | | | (170 | ) | | | 11,358 | | |
| | |
| Other expenses | | | 3,327 | | | | 871 | | | | 5,527 | | | | (176 | ) | | | 9,549 | | |
| | |
| Total noninterest expenses | | | 8,184 | | | | 1,668 | | | | 11,401 | | | | (346 | ) | | | 20,907 | | |
| | |
| Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit) and cumulative effect of accounting changes | | | 1,375 | | | | (72 | ) | | | 7,017 | | | | (4,771 | ) | | | 3,549 | | |
| | |
| Income tax expense (benefit) | | | 978 | | | | (1 | ) | | | 600 | | | | 1,612 | | | | 3,189 | | |
| | |
| Income (loss) before cumulative effect of accounting changes, net of tax | | | 397 | | | | (71 | ) | | | 6,417 | | | | (6,383 | ) | | | 360 | | |
| | |
| Cumulative effect of accounting changes, net of tax | | | – | | | | (60 | ) | | | 37 | | | | 60 | | | | 37 | | |
| | |
| Net income (loss) | | | 397 | | | | (131 | ) | | | 6,454 | | | | (6,323 | ) | | | 397 | | |
| | |
F - 87
Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Dec 31, 2004 | | Parent | | | DBTC | | | Other | | | Consolidating | | | Deutsche | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | subsidiaries | | | entries | | | Bank AG | | |
| in€ m. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | consolidated | | |
| | |
| Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Cash and due from banks | | | 3,789 | | | | 2,031 | | | | 3,498 | | | | (1,739 | ) | | | 7,579 | | |
| | |
| Interest-earning deposits with banks | | | 49,873 | | | | 3,526 | | | | 133,505 | | | | (168,815 | ) | | | 18,089 | | |
| | |
| Securities borrowed and central bank funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements | | | 150,319 | | | | 7,872 | | | | 146,336 | | | | (114,976 | ) | | | 189,551 | | |
| | |
| Trading assets | | | 289,076 | | | | 3,156 | | | | 101,330 | | | | (20,415 | ) | | | 373,147 | | |
| | |
| Securities available for sale | | | 4,720 | | | | 1,279 | | | | 20,021 | | | | (5,685 | ) | | | 20,335 | | |
| | |
| Other investments | | | 43,924 | | | | 2,553 | | | | 25,356 | | | | (63,897 | ) | | | 7,936 | | |
| | |
| Loans, net | | | 142,412 | | | | 17,225 | | | | 146,066 | | | | (169,359 | ) | | | 136,344 | | |
| | |
| Other assets | | | 57,881 | | | | 2,618 | | | | 62,285 | | | | (35,697 | ) | | | 87,087 | | |
| | |
| Total assets | | | 741,994 | | | | 40,260 | | | | 638,397 | | | | (580,583 | ) | | | 840,068 | | |
| | |
| Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Deposits | | | 355,155 | | | | 10,175 | | | | 135,372 | | | | (171,233 | ) | | | 329,469 | | |
| | |
| Trading liabilities | | | 125,696 | | | | 1,055 | | | | 61,777 | | | | (18,922 | ) | | | 169,606 | | |
| | |
| Securities loaned and central bank funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements | | | 86,123 | | | | 4,712 | | | | 142,643 | | | | (115,305 | ) | | | 118,173 | | |
| | |
| Other short-term borrowings | | | 9,639 | | | | 10,264 | | | | 94,171 | | | | (93,956 | ) | | | 20,118 | | |
| | |
| Other liabilities | | | 43,954 | | | | 3,362 | | | | 59,618 | | | | (37,006 | ) | | | 69,928 | | |
| | |
| Long-term debt | | | 95,523 | | | | 7,589 | | | | 85,424 | | | | (81,666 | ) | | | 106,870 | | |
| | |
| Total liabilities | | | 716,090 | | | | 37,157 | | | | 579,005 | | | | (518,088 | ) | | | 814,164 | | |
| | |
| Total shareholders’ equity | | | 25,904 | | | | 3,103 | | | | 59,392 | | | | (62,495 | ) | | | 25,904 | | |
| | |
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | | | 741,994 | | | | 40,260 | | | | 638,397 | | | | (580,583 | ) | | | 840,068 | | |
| | |
F - 88
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Dec 31, 2003 | | Parent | | | DBTC | | | Other | | | Consolidating | | | Deutsche | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | subsidiaries | | | entries | | | Bank AG | | |
| in€ m. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | consolidated | | |
| | |
| Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Cash and due from banks | | | 3,177 | | | | 1,616 | | | | 3,759 | | | | (1,916 | ) | | | 6,636 | | |
| | |
| Interest-earning deposits with banks | | | 52,070 | | | | 3,959 | | | | 123,548 | | | | (164,928 | ) | | | 14,649 | | |
| | |
| Securities borrowed and central bank funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements | | | 138,138 | | | | 5,743 | | | | 140,977 | | | | (99,643 | ) | | | 185,215 | | |
| | |
| Trading assets | | | 246,619 | | | | 10,110 | | | | 105,728 | | | | (17,086 | ) | | | 345,371 | | |
| | |
| Securities available for sale | | | 4,133 | | | | 154 | | | | 21,051 | | | | (707 | ) | | | 24,631 | | |
| | |
| Other investments | | | 44,847 | | | | 3,441 | | | | 16,385 | | | | (56,103 | ) | | | 8,570 | | |
| | |
| Loans, net | | | 148,555 | | | | 16,499 | | | | 127,932 | | | | (148,040 | ) | | | 144,946 | | |
| | |
| Other assets | | | 42,112 | | | | 3,285 | | | | 60,247 | | | | (32,048 | ) | | | 73,596 | | |
| | |
| Total assets | | | 679,651 | | | | 44,807 | | | | 599,627 | | | | (520,471 | ) | | | 803,614 | | |
| | |
| Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Deposits | | | 330,684 | | | | 10,935 | | | | 133,078 | | | | (168,543 | ) | | | 306,154 | | |
| | |
| Trading liabilities | | | 114,919 | | | | 1,635 | | | | 53,310 | | | | (16,630 | ) | | | 153,234 | | |
| | |
| Securities loaned and central bank funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements | | | 85,202 | | | | 5,462 | | | | 94,220 | | | | (67,634 | ) | | | 117,250 | | |
| | |
| Other short-term borrowings | | | 6,120 | | | | 10,916 | | | | 90,388 | | | | (85,134 | ) | | | 22,290 | | |
| | |
| Other liabilities | | | 32,206 | | | | 3,733 | | | | 103,459 | | | | (60,394 | ) | | | 79,004 | | |
| | |
| Long-term debt | | | 82,318 | | | | 8,242 | | | | 73,666 | | | | (66,746 | ) | | | 97,480 | | |
| | |
| Total liabilities | | | 651,449 | | | | 40,923 | | | | 548,121 | | | | (465,081 | ) | | | 775,412 | | |
| | |
| Total shareholders’ equity | | | 28,202 | | | | 3,884 | | | | 51,506 | | | | (55,390 | ) | | | 28,202 | | |
| | |
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | | | 679,651 | | | | 44,807 | | | | 599,627 | | | | (520,471 | ) | | | 803,614 | | |
| | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
F - 89
Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| 2004 | | Parent | | | DBTC | | | Other1 | | | Deutsche | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | subsidiaries | | | Bank AG | | |
| in€ m. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | consolidated | | |
| | |
| Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities | | | (30,031 | ) | | | 6,263 | | | | (6,183 | ) | | | (29,951 | ) | |
| | |
| Cash flows from investing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Net change in: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest-earning deposits with banks | | | 2,198 | | | | 158 | | | | (6,929 | ) | | | (4,573 | ) | |
| Securities borrowed and central bank funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements | | | (12,181 | ) | | | (2,528 | ) | | | 10,196 | | | | (4,513 | ) | |
| Loans | | | 4,092 | | | | (1,882 | ) | | | 698 | | | | 2,908 | | |
| Investment in subsidiaries | | | 1,565 | | | | – | | | | (1,565 | ) | | | – | | |
| | |
| Proceeds from: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Sale of securities available for sale | | | 987 | | | | 4 | | | | 20,154 | | | | 21,145 | | |
| Maturities of securities available for sale | | | 2,967 | | | | 302 | | | | 291 | | | | 3,560 | | |
| Sale of other investments, loans and other | | | 3,057 | | | | – | | | | 9,938 | | | | 12,995 | | |
| | |
| Purchase of: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Securities available for sale | | | (2,874 | ) | | | (1,408 | ) | | | (20,919 | ) | | | (25,201 | ) | |
| Other investments | | | (2,032 | ) | | | – | | | | 832 | | | | (1,200 | ) | |
| Loans | | | – | | | | – | | | | (4,950 | ) | | | (4,950 | ) | |
| Premises and equipment | | | (209 | ) | | | (54 | ) | | | (529 | ) | | | (792 | ) | |
| | |
| Net cash paid for business combinations/divestitures | | | – | | | | – | | | | (223 | ) | | | (223 | ) | |
| | |
| Other, net | | | 56 | | | | 844 | | | | (784 | ) | | | 116 | | |
| | |
| Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | | | (2,374 | ) | | | (4,564 | ) | | | 6,210 | | | | (728 | ) | |
| | |
| Cash flows from financing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Net change in: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Deposits | | | 24,476 | | | | – | | | | (1,129 | ) | | | 23,347 | | |
| Securities loaned and central bank funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements | | | 922 | | | | (370 | ) | | | 371 | | | | 923 | | |
| Other short-term borrowings | | | 3,519 | | | | 107 | | | | (227 | ) | | | 3,399 | | |
| | |
| Issuances of long-term debt | | | 30,385 | | | | – | | | | 4,078 | | | | 34,463 | | |
| | |
| Repayments and extinguishments of long-term debt | | | (21,781 | ) | | | (72 | ) | | | (3,920 | ) | | | (25,773 | ) | |
| | |
| Issuances of common shares | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| | |
| Purchases of treasury shares | | | (34,471 | ) | | | – | | | | – | | | | (34,471 | ) | |
| | |
| Sale of treasury shares | | | 30,850 | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 30,850 | | |
| | |
| Cash dividends paid | | | (828 | ) | | | (830 | ) | | | 830 | | | | (828 | ) | |
| | |
| Other, net | | | 12 | | | | (7 | ) | | | 7 | | | | 12 | | |
| | |
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | | | 33,084 | | | | (1,172 | ) | | | 10 | | | | 31,922 | | |
| | |
| Net effect of exchange rate changes on cash and due from banks | | | (67 | ) | | | – | | | | (233 | ) | | | (300 | ) | |
| | |
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and due from banks | | | 612 | | | | 527 | | | | (196 | ) | | | 943 | | |
| Cash and due from banks, beginning of year | | | 3,177 | | | | 1,504 | | | | 1,955 | | | | 6,636 | | |
| Cash and due from banks, end of year | | | 3,789 | | | | 2,031 | | | | 1,759 | | | | 7,579 | | |
| | |
| Interest paid | | | 18,156 | | | | 516 | | | | 3,739 | | | | 22,411 | | |
| Income taxes paid, net | | | (35 | ) | | | 1 | | | | 233 | | | | 199 | | |
| | |
1 | | This column includes amounts for other subsidiaries and intercompany cash flows. |
F - 90
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| 2003 | | Parent | | | DBTC | | | Other1 | | | Deutsche | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | subsidiaries | | | Bank AG | | |
| in€ m. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | consolidated | | |
| | |
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | | | 2,220 | | | | (2,997 | ) | | | (8,042 | ) | | | (8,819 | ) | |
| | |
| Cash flows from investing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Net change in: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest-earning deposits with banks | | | 8,125 | | | | (156 | ) | | | 3,336 | | | | 11,305 | | |
| Securities borrowed and central bank funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements | | | (22,506 | ) | | | 4,301 | | | | (11,643 | ) | | | (29,848 | ) | |
| Loans | | | (1,585 | ) | | | (985 | ) | | | 25,180 | | | | 22,610 | | |
| Investment in subsidiaries | | | (2,326 | ) | | | – | | | | 2,326 | | | | – | | |
| | |
| Proceeds from: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Sale of securities available for sale | | | 1,738 | | | | 2 | | | | 11,880 | | | | 13,620 | | |
| Maturities of securities available for sale | | | 3,622 | | | | 13 | | | | 3,876 | | | | 7,511 | | |
| Sale of other investments, loans and other | | | 4,235 | | | | – | | | | 7,343 | | | | 11,578 | | |
| | |
| Purchase of: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Securities available for sale | | | (5,902 | ) | | | (10 | ) | | | (14,030 | ) | | | (19,942 | ) | |
| Other investments | | | (1,249 | ) | | | – | | | | (892 | ) | | | (2,141 | ) | |
| Loans | | | – | | | | – | | | | (9,030 | ) | | | (9,030 | ) | |
| Premises and equipment | | | (284 | ) | | | (37 | ) | | | (670 | ) | | | (991 | ) | |
| | |
| Net cash received for business combinations/divestitures | | | – | | | | – | | | | 2,469 | | | | 2,469 | | |
| | |
| Other, net | | | 84 | | | | (237 | ) | | | 480 | | | | 327 | | |
| | |
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | | | (16,048 | ) | | | 2,891 | | | | 20,625 | | | | 7,468 | | |
| | |
| Cash flows from financing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Net change in: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Deposits | | | (729 | ) | | | (3,312 | ) | | | (17,382 | ) | | | (21,423 | ) | |
| Securities loaned and central bank funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements | | | 13,591 | | | | 1,247 | | | | 2,913 | | | | 17,751 | | |
| Other short-term borrowings | | | 2,946 | | | | (67 | ) | | | (7,182 | ) | | | (4,303 | ) | |
| | |
| Issuances of long-term debt | | | 22,701 | | | | 3,141 | | | | 17,349 | | | | 43,191 | | |
| | |
| Repayments and extinguishments of long-term debt | | | (23,742 | ) | | | (927 | ) | | | (7,697 | ) | | | (32,366 | ) | |
| | |
| Purchases of treasury shares | | | (25,464 | ) | | | – | | | | – | | | | (25,464 | ) | |
| | |
| Sale of treasury shares | | | 23,389 | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 23,389 | | |
| | |
| Cash dividends paid | | | (756 | ) | | | – | | | | – | | | | (756 | ) | |
| | |
| Other, net | | | (30 | ) | | | (46 | ) | | | 39 | | | | (37 | ) | |
| | |
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | | | 11,906 | | | | 36 | | | | (11,960 | ) | | | (18 | ) | |
| | |
| Net effect of exchange rate changes on cash and due from banks | | | (288 | ) | | | – | | | | (686 | ) | | | (974 | ) | |
| | |
| Net (decrease) in cash and due from banks | | | (2,210 | ) | | | (70 | ) | | | (63 | ) | | | (2,343 | ) | |
| Cash and due from banks, beginning of year | | | 5,387 | | | | 1,686 | | | | 1,906 | | | | 8,979 | | |
| Cash and due from banks, end of year | | | 3,177 | | | | 1,616 | | | | 1,843 | | | | 6,636 | | |
| | |
| Interest paid | | | 18,057 | | | | 707 | | | | 3,848 | | | | 22,612 | | |
| Income taxes paid, net | | | (18 | ) | | | 6 | | | | 923 | | | | 911 | | |
| | |
1 | | This column includes amounts for other subsidiaries and intercompany cash flows. |
F - 91
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| 2002 | | Parent | | | DBTC | | | Other1 | | | Deutsche | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | subsidiaries | | | Bank AG | | |
| in€ m. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | consolidated | | |
| | |
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | | | (13,320 | ) | | | 6,547 | | | | 5,990 | | | | (783 | ) | |
| | |
| Cash flows from investing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Net change in: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest-earning deposits with banks | | | 11,511 | | | | (120 | ) | | | (3,591 | ) | | | 7,800 | | |
| Securities borrowed and central bank funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements | | | 9,128 | | | | (3,744 | ) | | | (16,639 | ) | | | (11,255 | ) | |
| Loans | | | 29,662 | | | | 506 | | | | (13,773 | ) | | | 16,395 | | |
| Investment in subsidiaries | | | 3,847 | | | | – | | | | (3,847 | ) | | | – | | |
| | |
| Proceeds from: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Sale of securities available for sale | | | 4,011 | | | | 5 | | | | 21,819 | | | | 25,835 | | |
| Maturities of securities available for sale | | | 6,436 | | | | 11 | | | | 1,284 | | | | 7,731 | | |
| Sale of other investments, loans and other | | | 8,495 | | | | – | | | | 58 | | | | 8,553 | | |
| | |
| Purchase of: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Securities available for sale | | | (6,480 | ) | | | (1 | ) | | | (15,983 | ) | | | (22,464 | ) | |
| Other investments | | | (3,358 | ) | | | – | | | | (1,116 | ) | | | (4,474 | ) | |
| Loans | | | – | | | | – | | | | (2,364 | ) | | | (2,364 | ) | |
| Premises and equipment | | | (402 | ) | | | (90 | ) | | | (1,204 | ) | | | (1,696 | ) | |
| | |
| Net cash paid for business combinations/divestitures | | | – | | | | – | | | | (1,110 | ) | | | (1,110 | ) | |
| | |
| Other, net | | | 376 | | | | 5 | | | | 306 | | | | 687 | | |
| | |
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | | | 63,226 | | | | (3,428 | ) | | | (36,160 | ) | | | 23,638 | | |
| | |
| Cash flows from financing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Net change in: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Deposits | | | (48,949 | ) | | | 704 | | | | 6,967 | | | | (41,278 | ) | |
| Securities loaned and central bank funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements | | | (12,158 | ) | | | 4 | | | | 19,757 | | | | 7,603 | | |
| Other short-term borrowings | | | 480 | | | | 67 | | | | (273 | ) | | | 274 | | |
| | |
| Issuances of long-term debt | | | 34,603 | | | | – | | | | 5,642 | | | | 40,245 | | |
| | |
| Repayments and extinguishments of long-term debt | | | (19,656 | ) | | | (2,783 | ) | | | (4,762 | ) | | | (27,201 | ) | |
| | |
| Issuances of common share | | | 73 | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 73 | | |
| | |
| Purchases of treasury shares | | | (30,755 | ) | | | – | | | | – | | | | (30,755 | ) | |
| | |
| Sale of treasury shares | | | 28,665 | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 28,665 | | |
| | |
| Cash dividends paid | | | (800 | ) | | | – | | | | – | | | | (800 | ) | |
| | |
| Other, net | | | (807 | ) | | | (118 | ) | | | 470 | | | | (455 | ) | |
| | |
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | | | (49,304 | ) | | | (2,126 | ) | | | 27,801 | | | | (23,629 | ) | |
| | |
| Net effect of exchange rate changes on cash and due from banks | | | (314 | ) | | | (20 | ) | | | (301 | ) | | | (635 | ) | |
| | |
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and due from banks | | | 288 | | | | 973 | | | | (2,670 | ) | | | (1,409 | ) | |
| Cash and due from banks, beginning of year | | | 5,099 | | | | 1,066 | | | | 4,223 | | | | 10,388 | | |
| Cash and due from banks, end of year | | | 5,387 | | | | 2,039 | | | | 1,553 | | | | 8,979 | | |
| | |
| Interest paid | | | 21,111 | | | | 999 | | | | 9,239 | | | | 31,349 | | |
| Income taxes paid, net | | | (521 | ) | | | 22 | | | | 927 | | | | 408 | | |
| | |
1 | | This column includes amounts for other subsidiaries and intercompany cash flows. |
F - 92
Supplemental Financial Information
(Unaudited)
Financial Condition
The following table presents the Group’s average balance sheet and net interest revenues for the periods specified. The average balances for each year are calculated based upon month-end balances for December of the preceding year and for each month of the year except January. The allocations of the assets and liabilities between German and non-German offices are based on the location of the Group’s entity on the books of which it carries the asset or liability. Categories of loans include nonaccrual loans.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Average balance sheet and | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | | |
| net interest revenues | | | Average | | | | Interest | | | | Average | | | Average | | | Interest | | | Average | | | Average | | | Interest | | | Average | | |
| in€ m. | | | balance | | | | | | | | yield/ | | | balance | | | | | | yield/ | | | balance | | | | | | yield/ | | |
| (except percentages) | | | | | | | | | | | rate | | | | | | | | | rate | | | | | | | | | rate | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest-earning deposits with banks: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| In German offices | | | | 3,402 | | | | | 89 | | | | | 2.62 | % | | | 6,606 | | | | 164 | | | | 2.48 | % | | | 10,173 | | | | 335 | | | | 3.29 | % | |
| In non-German offices | | | | 18,538 | | | | | 708 | | | | | 3.82 | % | | | 14,044 | | | | 738 | | | | 5.26 | % | | | 19,775 | | | | 1,134 | | | | 5.74 | % | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total interest-earning deposits with banks | | | | 21,940 | | | | | 797 | | | | | 3.63 | % | | | 20,650 | | | | 902 | | | | 4.37 | % | | | 29,948 | | | | 1,469 | | | | 4.91 | % | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Central bank funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| In German offices | | | | 17,620 | | | | | 372 | | | | | 2.11 | % | | | 18,185 | | | | 456 | | | | 2.51 | % | | | 15,743 | | | | 587 | | | | 3.73 | % | |
| In non-German offices | | | | 121,215 | | | | | 4,275 | | | | | 3.53 | % | | | 130,185 | | | | 4,401 | | | | 3.38 | % | | | 126,335 | | | | 5,992 | | | | 4.74 | % | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total central bank funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements | | | | 138,835 | | | | | 4,647 | | | | | 3.35 | % | | | 148,370 | | | | 4,857 | | | | 3.27 | % | | | 142,078 | | | | 6,579 | | | | 4.63 | % | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Securities borrowed: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| In German offices | | | | 64 | | | | | 2 | | | | | 2.94 | % | | | 160 | | | | 3 | | | | 1.89 | % | | | 412 | | | | 5 | | | | 1.23 | % | |
| In non-German offices | | | | 91,388 | | | | | 1,666 | | | | | 1.82 | % | | | 78,112 | | | | 1,426 | | | | 1.83 | % | | | 61,391 | | | | 2,804 | | | | 4.57 | % | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total securities borrowed | | | | 91,452 | | | | | 1,668 | | | | | 1.82 | % | | | 78,272 | | | | 1,429 | | | | 1.83 | % | | | 61,803 | | | | 2,809 | | | | 4.55 | % | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Trading assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| In German offices | | | | 49,044 | | | | | 1,900 | | | | | 3.87 | % | | | 30,346 | | | | 1,408 | | | | 4.64 | % | | | 34,068 | | | | 1,744 | | | | 5.12 | % | |
| In non-German offices | | | | 248,091 | | | | | 10,696 | | | | | 4.31 | % | | | 237,981 | | | | 9,878 | | | | 4.15 | % | | | 217,348 | | | | 9,504 | | | | 4.37 | % | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total trading assets | | | | 297,135 | | | | | 12,596 | | | | | 4.24 | % | | | 268,327 | | | | 11,286 | | | | 4.21 | % | | | 251,416 | | | | 11,248 | | | | 4.47 | % | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Securities available for sale and other investments: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| In German offices | | | | 14,887 | | | | | 385 | | | | | 2.59 | % | | | 16,706 | | | | 547 | | | | 3.27 | % | | | 36,057 | | | | 1,066 | | | | 2.96 | % | |
| In non-German offices | | | | 16,633 | | | | | 424 | | | | | 2.55 | % | | | 16,494 | | | | 427 | | | | 2.59 | % | | | 18,975 | | | | 576 | | | | 3.03 | % | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total securities available for sale and other investments | | | | 31,520 | | | | | 809 | | | | | 2.57 | % | | | 33,200 | | | | 974 | | | | 2.93 | % | | | 55,032 | | | | 1,642 | | | | 2.98 | % | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Loans: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| In German offices | | | | 83,390 | | | | | 3,958 | | | | | 4.75 | % | | | 90,540 | | | | 4,338 | | | | 4.79 | % | | | 131,336 | | | | 7,152 | | | | 5.45 | % | |
| In non-German offices | | | | 61,091 | | | | | 2,938 | | | | | 4.81 | % | | | 75,168 | | | | 3,311 | | | | 4.41 | % | | | 97,120 | | | | 4,589 | | | | 4.72 | % | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total loans | | | | 144,481 | | | | | 6,896 | | | | | 4.77 | % | | | 165,708 | | | | 7,649 | | | | 4.62 | % | | | 228,456 | | | | 11,741 | | | | 5.14 | % | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total other interest-earning assets | | | | 26,194 | | | | | 610 | | | | | 2.33 | % | | | 21,519 | | | | 486 | | | | 2.26 | % | | | 12,401 | | | | 293 | | | | 2.36 | % | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total interest-earning assets | | | | 751,557 | | | | | 28,023 | | | | | 3.73 | % | | | 736,046 | | | | 27,583 | | | | 3.75 | % | | | 781,134 | | | | 35,781 | | | | 4.58 | % | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Cash and due from banks | | | | 9,013 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 8,853 | | | | | | | | | | | | 10,338 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Noninterest-earning trading assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| In German offices | | | | 26,709 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 25,779 | | | | | | | | | | | | 18,479 | | | | | | | | | | |
| In non-German offices | | | | 38,847 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 43,685 | | | | | | | | | | | | 40,694 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| All other assets | | | | 60,557 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 64,562 | | | | | | | | | | | | 80,487 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Allowance for loan losses | | | | (2,830 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | (3,742 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | (4,919 | ) | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total assets | | | | 883,853 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 875,183 | | | | | | | | | | | | 926,213 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| % of assets attributable to non-German offices | | | | 76 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | 77 | % | | | | | | | | | | | 72 | % | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
S-1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Average balance sheet and | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | | |
| net interest revenues | | | Average | | | | Interest | | | | Average | | | Average | | | Interest | | | Average | | | Average | | | Interest | | | Average | | |
| in€ m. (except percentages) | | | balance | | | | | | | | yield/ | | | balance | | | | | | yield/ | | | balance | | | | | | yield/ | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | rate | | | | | | | | | rate | | | | | | | | | rate | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Liabilities and shareholders’ equity | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest-bearing deposits: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| In German offices: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Time deposits | | | | 33,621 | | | | | 1,058 | | | | | 3.14 | % | | | 36,177 | | | | 912 | | | | 2.52 | % | | | 41,881 | | | | 1,380 | | | | 3.29 | % | |
| Savings deposits | | | | 22,773 | | | | | 436 | | | | | 1.92 | % | | | 24,203 | | | | 528 | | | | 2.18 | % | | | 24,428 | | | | 678 | | | | 2.77 | % | |
| Demand deposits | | | | 29,062 | | | | | 459 | | | | | 1.58 | % | | | 29,393 | | | | 478 | | | | 1.63 | % | | | 29,679 | | | | 604 | | | | 2.04 | % | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total in German offices | | | | 85,456 | | | | | 1,953 | | | | | 2.29 | % | | | 89,773 | | | | 1,918 | | | | 2.14 | % | | | 95,988 | | | | 2,662 | | | | 2.77 | % | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| In non-German offices: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Time deposits | | | | 152,052 | | | | | 3,423 | | | | | 2.25 | % | | | 135,071 | | | | 2,806 | | | | 2.08 | % | | | 148,571 | | | | 4,219 | | | | 2.84 | % | |
| Savings deposits | | | | 6,571 | | | | | 104 | | | | | 1.59 | % | | | 6,632 | | | | 77 | | | | 1.16 | % | | | 8,120 | | | | 146 | | | | 1.80 | % | |
| Demand deposits | | | | 74,104 | | | | | 1,647 | | | | | 2.22 | % | | | 72,011 | | | | 1,779 | | | | 2.47 | % | | | 77,362 | | | | 2,292 | | | | 2.96 | % | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total in non-German offices | | | | 232,727 | | | | | 5,174 | | | | | 2.22 | % | | | 213,714 | | | | 4,662 | | | | 2.18 | % | | | 234,053 | | | | 6,657 | | | | 2.84 | % | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total interest-bearing deposits | | | | 318,183 | | | | | 7,127 | | | | | 2.24 | % | | | 303,487 | | | | 6,580 | | | | 2.17 | % | | | 330,041 | | | | 9,319 | | | | 2.82 | % | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Trading liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| In German offices | | | | 22,011 | | | | | 1,099 | | | | | 4.99 | % | | | 18,593 | | | | 772 | | | | 4.15 | % | | | 16,397 | | | | 663 | | | | 4.04 | % | |
| In non-German offices | | | | 82,497 | | | | | 5,767 | | | | | 6.99 | % | | | 69,468 | | | | 4,895 | | | | 7.05 | % | | | 63,352 | | | | 3,747 | | | | 5.91 | % | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total trading liabilities | | | | 104,508 | | | | | 6,866 | | | | | 6.57 | % | | | 88,061 | | | | 5,667 | | | | 6.44 | % | | | 79,749 | | | | 4,410 | | | | 5.53 | % | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Central bank funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| In German offices | | | | 12,639 | | | | | 288 | | | | | 2.28 | % | | | 14,835 | | | | 331 | | | | 2.23 | % | | | 8,619 | | | | 291 | | | | 3.37 | % | |
| In non-German offices | | | | 122,077 | | | | | 4,339 | | | | | 3.55 | % | | | 135,791 | | | | 4,264 | | | | 3.14 | % | | | 135,408 | | | | 6,758 | | | | 4.99 | % | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total central bank funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements | | | | 134,716 | | | | | 4,627 | | | | | 3.43 | % | | | 150,626 | | | | 4,595 | | | | 3.05 | % | | | 144,027 | | | | 7,049 | | | | 4.89 | % | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Securities loaned: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| In German offices | | | | 1,028 | | | | | 8 | | | | | 0.77 | % | | | 1,354 | | | | 1 | | | | 0.07 | % | | | 662 | | | | 17 | | | | 2.56 | % | |
| In non-German offices | | | | 16,624 | | | | | 548 | | | | | 3.29 | % | | | 14,837 | | | | 429 | | | | 2.89 | % | | | 10,744 | | | | 563 | | | | 5.24 | % | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total securities loaned | | | | 17,652 | | | | | 556 | | | | | 3.15 | % | | | 16,191 | | | | 430 | | | | 2.65 | % | | | 11,406 | | | | 580 | | | | 5.09 | % | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Other short-term borrowings: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| In German offices | | | | 958 | | | | | 24 | | | | | 2.45 | % | | | 957 | | | | 16 | | | | 1.62 | % | | | 603 | | | | 20 | | | | 3.41 | % | |
| In non-German offices | | | | 20,184 | | | | | 443 | | | | | 2.20 | % | | | 20,252 | | | | 582 | | | | 2.87 | % | | | 19,994 | | | | 685 | | | | 3.42 | % | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total other short-term borrowings | | | | 21,142 | | | | | 467 | | | | | 2.21 | % | | | 21,209 | | | | 598 | | | | 2.82 | % | | | 20,597 | | | | 705 | | | | 3.42 | % | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Long-term debt:1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| In German offices | | | | 36,002 | | | | | 1,146 | | | | | 3.18 | % | | | 31,736 | | | | 1,338 | | | | 4.21 | % | | | 58,117 | | | | 2,587 | | | | 4.45 | % | |
| In non-German offices | | | | 62,891 | | | | | 2,052 | | | | | 3.26 | % | | | 71,817 | | | | 2,528 | | | | 3.52 | % | | | 85,706 | | | | 3,945 | | | | 4.60 | % | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total long-term debt | | | | 98,893 | | | | | 3,198 | | | | | 3.23 | % | | | 103,553 | | | | 3,866 | | | | 3.73 | % | | | 143,823 | | | | 6,532 | | | | 4.54 | % | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total interest-bearing liabilities | | | | 695,094 | | | | | 22,841 | | | | | 3.29 | % | | | 683,127 | | | | 21,736 | | | | 3.18 | % | | | 729,643 | | | | 28,595 | | | | 3.92 | % | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Noninterest-bearing deposits: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| In German offices | | | | 21,382 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 20,953 | | | | | | | | | | | | 18,909 | | | | | | | | | | |
| In non-German offices | | | | 10,937 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 6,958 | | | | | | | | | | | | 8,373 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Noninterest-bearing trading liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| In German offices | | | | 24,139 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 25,072 | | | | | | | | | | | | 17,556 | | | | | | | | | | |
| In non-German offices | | | | 40,613 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 38,928 | | | | | | | | | | | | 37,165 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| All other noninterest-bearing liabilities | | | | 64,494 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 71,205 | | | | | | | | | | | | 77,778 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Shareholders’ equity | | | | 27,194 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 28,940 | | | | | | | | | | | | 36,789 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | | | | 883,853 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 875,183 | | | | | | | | | | | | 926,213 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| % of liabilities attributable to non-German offices | | | | 75 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | 75 | % | | | | | | | | | | | 73 | % | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Rate spread | | | | 0.44 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | 0.57 | % | | | | | | | | | | | 0.66 | % | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net interest margin (net interest revenues to total interest-earning assets): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| In German offices | | | | 1.43 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1.59 | % | | | | | | | | | | | 2.04 | % | | | | | | | | | |
| In non-German offices | | | | 0.48 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | 0.57 | % | | | | | | | | | | | 0.46 | % | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total | | | | 0.69 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | 0.79 | % | | | | | | | | | | | 0.92 | % | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
1 | | Includes trust preferred securities. |
S-2
The following table sets forth changes in net interest revenues on assets and liabilities between the periods specified. It also indicates, for each category of assets and liabilities, how much of the change in net interest revenues arose from changes in the volume of the category of assets or liabilities and how much arose from changes in the interest rate applicable to the category. Changes due to a combination of volume and rate are allocated proportionally.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | | 2004 over 2003 due to changes in: | | | 2003 over 2002 due to changes in: | | |
| | | | Net | | | | Volume | | | | Rate | | | Net | | | Volume | | | Rate | | |
| in€ m. | | | change | | | | | | | | | | | change | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest-earning deposits with banks: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| German offices | | | | (75 | ) | | | | (84 | ) | | | | 9 | | | | (171 | ) | | | (100 | ) | | | (71 | ) | |
| Non-German offices | | | | (30 | ) | | | | 202 | | | | | (232 | ) | | | (396 | ) | | | (307 | ) | | | (89 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total interest-earning deposits with banks | | | | (105 | ) | | | | 118 | | | | | (223 | ) | | | (567 | ) | | | (407 | ) | | | (160 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Central bank funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| German offices | | | | (84 | ) | | | | (14 | ) | | | | (70 | ) | | | (131 | ) | | | 81 | | | | (212 | ) | |
| Non-German offices | | | | (126 | ) | | | | (311 | ) | | | | 185 | | | | (1,591 | ) | | | 177 | | | | (1,768 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total central bank funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements | | | | (210 | ) | | | | (325 | ) | | | | 115 | | | | (1,722 | ) | | | 258 | | | | (1,980 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Securities borrowed: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| German offices | | | | (1 | ) | | | | (2 | ) | | | | 1 | | | | (2 | ) | | | (4 | ) | | | 2 | | |
| Non-German offices | | | | 240 | | | | | 242 | | | | | (2 | ) | | | (1,378 | ) | | | 621 | | | | (1,999 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total securities borrowed | | | | 239 | | | | | 240 | | | | | (1 | ) | | | (1,380 | ) | | | 617 | | | | (1,997 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Trading assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| German offices | | | | 492 | | | | | 755 | | | | | (263 | ) | | | (336 | ) | | | (181 | ) | | | (155 | ) | |
| Non-German offices | | | | 818 | | | | | 428 | | | | | 390 | | | | 374 | | | | 872 | | | | (498 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total trading assets | | | | 1,310 | | | | | 1,183 | | | | | 127 | | | | 38 | | | | 691 | | | | (653 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Securities available for sale and other investments: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| German offices | | | | (162 | ) | | | | (56 | ) | | | | (106 | ) | | | (519 | ) | | | (623 | ) | | | 104 | | |
| Non-German offices | | | | (3 | ) | | | | 4 | | | | | (7 | ) | | | (149 | ) | | | (70 | ) | | | (79 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total securities available for sale and other investments | | | | (165 | ) | | | | (52 | ) | | | | (113 | ) | | | (668 | ) | | | (693 | ) | | | 25 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Loans: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| German offices | | | | (380 | ) | | | | (340 | ) | | | | (40 | ) | | | (2,814 | ) | | | (2,029 | ) | | | (785 | ) | |
| Non-German offices | | | | (373 | ) | | | | (658 | ) | | | | 285 | | | | (1,278 | ) | | | (984 | ) | | | (294 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total loans | | | | (753 | ) | | | | (998 | ) | | | | 245 | | | | (4,092 | ) | | | (3,013 | ) | | | (1,079 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Other | | | | 124 | | | | | 303 | | | | | (179 | ) | | | 193 | | | | 206 | | | | (13 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total interest revenues | | | | 440 | | | | | 469 | | | | | (29 | ) | | | (8,198 | ) | | | (2,341 | ) | | | (5,857 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest expense: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest-bearing deposits: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| German offices | | | | 35 | | | | | (95 | ) | | | | 130 | | | | (744 | ) | | | (164 | ) | | | (580 | ) | |
| Non-German offices | | | | 512 | | | | | 421 | | | | | 91 | | | | (1,995 | ) | | | (542 | ) | | | (1,453 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total interest-bearing deposits | | | | 547 | | | | | 326 | | | | | 221 | | | | (2,739 | ) | | | (706 | ) | | | (2,033 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Trading liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| German offices | | | | 327 | | | | | 156 | | | | | 171 | | | | 109 | | | | 91 | | | | 18 | | |
| Non-German offices | | | | 872 | | | | | 911 | | | | | (39 | ) | | | 1,148 | | | | 385 | | | | 763 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total trading liabilities | | | | 1,199 | | | | | 1,067 | | | | | 132 | | | | 1,257 | | | | 476 | | | | 781 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Central bank funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| German offices | | | | (43 | ) | | | | (50 | ) | | | | 7 | | | | 40 | | | | 161 | | | | (121 | ) | |
| Non-German offices | | | | 75 | | | | | (455 | ) | | | | 530 | | | | (2,494 | ) | | | 19 | | | | (2,513 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total central bank funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements | | | | 32 | | | | | (505 | ) | | | | 537 | | | | (2,454 | ) | | | 180 | | | | (2,634 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Securities loaned: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| German offices | | | | 7 | | | | | – | | | | | 7 | | | | (16 | ) | | | 9 | | | | (25 | ) | |
| Non-German offices | | | | 119 | | | | | 55 | | | | | 64 | | | | (134 | ) | | | 170 | | | | (304 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total securities loaned | | | | 126 | | | | | 55 | | | | | 71 | | | | (150 | ) | | | 179 | | | | (329 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Other short-term borrowings: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| German offices | | | | 8 | | | | | – | | | | | 8 | | | | (4 | ) | | | 9 | | | | (13 | ) | |
| Non-German offices | | | | (139 | ) | | | | 10 | | | | | (149 | ) | | | (103 | ) | | | 8 | | | | (111 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total other short-term borrowings | | | | (131 | ) | | | | 10 | | | | | (141 | ) | | | (107 | ) | | | 17 | | | | (124 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Long-term debt1: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| German offices | | | | (192 | ) | | | | 164 | | | | | (356 | ) | | | (1,249 | ) | | | (1,118 | ) | | | (131 | ) | |
| Non-German offices | | | | (476 | ) | | | | (300 | ) | | | | (176 | ) | | | (1,417 | ) | | | (578 | ) | | | (839 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total long-term debt | | | | (668 | ) | | | | (136 | ) | | | | (532 | ) | | | (2,666 | ) | | | (1,696 | ) | | | (970 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total interest expense | | | | 1,105 | | | | | 817 | | | | | 288 | | | | (6,859 | ) | | | (1,550 | ) | | | (5,309 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net change in net interest revenues | | | | (665 | ) | | | | (348 | ) | | | | (317 | ) | | | (1,339 | ) | | | (791 | ) | | | (548 | ) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
1 | | Includes trust preferred securities. |
S-3
Loans Outstanding
The following three tables provide more detailed information on the loan portion of the Group’s credit exposures. The following table shows the Group’s loan portfolio according to the industry sector and location (within or outside Germany) of the borrower.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | | Dec 31, | | | Dec 31, | | | Dec 31, | | | Dec 31, | | | Dec 31, | | |
| in€ m. | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | | | 2001 | | | 2000 | | |
| | | | | |
| German: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Banks and insurance | | | | 2,047 | | | | 3,861 | | | | 1,600 | | | | 7,444 | | | | 11,068 | | |
| | | | | |
| Manufacturing | | | | 7,364 | | | | 8,668 | | | | 9,388 | | | | 12,612 | | | | 13,507 | | |
| | | | | |
| Households (excluding mortgages) | | | | 14,761 | | | | 14,161 | | | | 13,768 | | | | 13,509 | | | | 13,920 | | |
| | | | | |
| Households – mortgages | | | | 26,175 | | | | 25,445 | | | | 25,226 | | | | 35,283 | | | | 34,593 | | |
| | | | | |
| Public sector | | | | 1,474 | | | | 1,388 | | | | 1,750 | | | | 20,752 | | | | 22,531 | | |
| | | | | |
| Wholesale and retail trade | | | | 3,742 | | | | 5,133 | | | | 4,549 | | | | 6,559 | | | | 8,865 | | |
| | | | | |
| Commercial real estate activities | | | | 11,100 | | | | 11,629 | | | | 15,841 | | | | 28,311 | | | | 24,695 | | |
| | | | | |
| Lease financing | | | | 820 | | | | 855 | | | | 416 | | | | 436 | | | | 3,107 | | |
| | | | | |
| Other | | | | 11,586 | | | | 12,736 | | | | 15,898 | | | | 22,878 | | | | 27,907 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total German | | | | 79,069 | | | | 83,876 | | | | 88,436 | | | | 147,784 | | | | 160,193 | | |
| | | | | |
| Non-German1: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Banks and insurance | | | | 5,740 | | | | 6,660 | | | | 9,120 | | | | 12,465 | | | | 25,919 | | |
| | | | | |
| Manufacturing | | | | 5,906 | | | | 7,487 | | | | 13,157 | | | | 19,490 | | | | 21,253 | | |
| | | | | |
| Households (excluding mortgages) | | | | 7,023 | | | | 6,915 | | | | 6,937 | | | | 7,873 | | | | 8,832 | | |
| | | | | |
| Households – mortgages | | | | 9,117 | | | | 8,416 | | | | 7,276 | | | | 6,503 | | | | 1,112 | | |
| | | | | |
| Public sector | | | | 1,804 | | | | 921 | | | | 2,834 | | | | 2,906 | | | | 3,144 | | |
| | | | | |
| Wholesale and retail trade | | | | 6,546 | | | | 6,691 | | | | 9,918 | | | | 9,200 | | | | 12,680 | | |
| | | | | |
| Commercial real estate activities | | | | 3,004 | | | | 1,977 | | | | 2,519 | | | | 7,306 | | | | 7,864 | | |
| | | | | |
| Lease financing | | | | 1,726 | | | | 3,138 | | | | 3,905 | | | | 3,263 | | | | 4,500 | | |
| | | | | |
| Other | | | | 18,830 | | | | 22,327 | | | | 27,768 | | | | 49,297 | | | | 37,133 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total non-German | | | | 59,696 | | | | 64,532 | | | | 83,434 | | | | 118,303 | | | | 122,437 | | |
| | | | | |
| Gross loans | | | | 138,765 | | | | 148,408 | | | | 171,870 | | | | 266,087 | | | | 282,630 | | |
| | | | | |
| Less: unearned income | | | | 76 | | | | 181 | | | | 250 | | | | 664 | | | | 1,225 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total | | | | 138,689 | | | | 148,227 | | | | 171,620 | | | | 265,423 | | | | 281,405 | | |
| | | | | |
1 | | For 2001 certain exposures were reclassified from banks and insurance to other (€ 6.5 billion) and from commercial real estate activities to households (€ 2.8 billion). |
S-4
Loan Maturities and Sensitivity to Changes in Interest Rates
The following table provides an analysis of the maturities of the loans in the Group’s loan portfolio (excluding lease financings) as of December 31, 2004.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Dec 31, 2004 | | Within one year | | | After one but | | | After five years | | | | Total | | |
| in€ m. | | | | | within five years | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| German: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Banks and insurance | | | 409 | | | | 341 | | | | 1,297 | | | | | 2,047 | | |
| | | | | |
| Manufacturing | | | 4,909 | | | | 1,829 | | | | 626 | | | | | 7,364 | | |
| | | | | |
| Households (excluding mortgages) | | | 3,506 | | | | 4,269 | | | | 6,986 | | | | | 14,761 | | |
| | | | | |
| Households – mortgages | | | 1,898 | | | | 5,152 | | | | 19,125 | | | | | 26,175 | | |
| | | | | |
| Public sector | | | 972 | | | | 128 | | | | 374 | | | | | 1,474 | | |
| | | | | |
| Wholesale and retail trade | | | 2,863 | | | | 527 | | | | 352 | | | | | 3,742 | | |
| | | | | |
| Commercial real estate activities | | | 2,864 | | | | 2,784 | | | | 5,452 | | | | | 11,100 | | |
| | | | | |
| Other | | | 5,921 | | | | 2,963 | | | | 2,702 | | | | | 11,586 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total German | | | 23,342 | | | | 17,993 | | | | 36,914 | | | | | 78,249 | | |
| | | | | |
| Non-German: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Banks and insurance | | | 3,585 | | | | 1,029 | | | | 1,126 | | | | | 5,740 | | |
| | | | | |
| Manufacturing | | | 3,406 | | | | 2,239 | | | | 261 | | | | | 5,906 | | |
| | | | | |
| Households (excluding mortgages) | | | 3,771 | | | | 2,899 | | | | 353 | | | | | 7,023 | | |
| | | | | |
| Households – mortgages | | | 1,307 | | | | 526 | | | | 7,284 | | | | | 9,117 | | |
| | | | | |
| Public sector | | | 1,661 | | | | 88 | | | | 55 | | | | | 1,804 | | |
| | | | | |
| Wholesale and retail trade | | | 3,812 | | | | 2,192 | | | | 542 | | | | | 6,546 | | |
| | | | | |
| Commercial real estate activities | | | 1,015 | | | | 1,407 | | | | 582 | | | | | 3,004 | | |
| | | | | |
| Other | | | 9,644 | | | | 6,285 | | | | 2,901 | | | | | 18,830 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total non-German | | | 28,201 | | | | 16,665 | | | | 13,104 | | | | | 57,970 | | |
| | | | | |
| Gross loans | | | 51,543 | | | | 34,658 | | | | 50,018 | | | | | 136,219 | | |
| | | | | |
| Less: unearned income | | | (50 | ) | | | 100 | | | | 23 | | | | | 73 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total | | | 51,593 | | | | 34,558 | | | | 49,995 | | | | | 136,146 | | |
| | | | | |
The following table shows a breakdown of the volumes of the loans in the Group’s loan portfolio (excluding lease financings) on December 31, 2004 that had residual maturities of more than one year from that date that had fixed interest rates and that had floating or adjustable interest rates.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Dec 31, 2004 | | After one but | | | After five years | | | | Total | | |
| in€ m. | | within five years | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Fixed rate loans | | | 26,091 | | | | 38,264 | | | | | 64,355 | | |
| | | | | |
| Floating or adjustable rate loans | | | 8,467 | | | | 11,731 | | | | | 20,198 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total | | | 34,558 | | | | 49,995 | | | | | 84,553 | | |
| | | | | |
S-5
Problem Loans
The following table illustrates total problem loans based on the domicile of the Group’s counterparty (within or outside Germany) for the last five years.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | | Dec 31, | | | Dec 31, | | | Dec 31, | | | Dec 31, | | | Dec 31, | | |
| in€ m. | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | | | 2001 | | | 2000 | | |
| | | | | |
| Nonaccrual loans: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| German | | | | 3,146 | | | | 3,448 | | | | 4,587 | | | | 6,538 | | | | 3,730 | | |
| Non-German | | | | 1,353 | | | | 2,594 | | | | 5,511 | | | | 4,990 | | | | 2,824 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total nonaccrual loans | | | | 4,499 | | | | 6,042 | | | | 10,098 | | | | 11,528 | 1 | | | 6,554 | | |
| | | | | |
| Loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| German | | | | 236 | | | | 335 | | | | 439 | | | | 658 | | | | 1,028 | | |
| Non-German | | | | 11 | | | | 45 | | | | 70 | | | | 189 | | | | 470 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing | | | | 247 | | | | 380 | | | | 509 | | | | 847 | | | | 1,498 | | |
| | | | | |
| Troubled debt restructurings: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| German | | | | 71 | | | | 20 | | | | 38 | | | | 57 | | | | 14 | | |
| Non-German | | | | 18 | | | | 181 | | | | 154 | | | | 222 | | | | 141 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total troubled debt restructurings | | | | 89 | | | | 201 | | | | 192 | | | | 279 | | | | 155 | | |
| | | | | |
1 | | Total nonaccrual loans for 2001 includes approximately€ 3.4 billion of impaired loans that were classified as potential problem loans in 2000. |
The following table shows the approximate effect on interest revenue of nonaccrual loans and troubled debt restructurings. It shows the gross interest income that would have been recorded in 2004 if those loans had been current in accordance with their original terms and had been outstanding throughout 2004 or since their origination, if we only held them for part of 2004. It also shows the amount of interest income on those loans that was included in net income for 2004. The reduction of interest revenue we experienced from the nonperforming other interest bearing assets was immaterial to the Group.
| | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | | 2004 | | |
| | | | | |
| German loans: | | | | | | |
| Gross amount of interest that would have been recorded at original rate | | | | 138 | | |
| Less interest, net of reversals, recognized in interest revenue | | | | 53 | | |
| | | | | |
| Reduction of interest revenue | | | | 85 | | |
| | | | | |
| Non-German loans: | | | | | | |
| Gross amount of interest that would have been recorded at original rate | | | | 90 | | |
| Less interest, net of reversals, recognized in interest revenue | | | | 34 | | |
| | | | | |
| Reduction of interest revenue | | | | 56 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total reduction of interest revenue | | | | 141 | | |
| | | | | |
S-6
Allowance for Loan Losses
The following table sets forth a breakdown of the movements in the Group’s allowance for loan losses for the periods specified.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. (except percentages) | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | | | 2001 | | | 2000 | | |
| | | | | |
| Allowance at beginning of year | | | | 3,281 | | | | 4,317 | | | | 5,585 | | | | 6,745 | | | | 7,281 | | |
| | | | | |
| Charge-offs | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| German: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Banks and insurance | | | | 3 | | | | 3 | | | | 8 | | | | 7 | | | | 13 | | |
| Manufacturing | | | | 80 | | | | 57 | | | | 196 | | | | 280 | | | | 123 | | |
| Households (excluding mortgages) | | | | 185 | | | | 169 | | | | 400 | | | | 214 | | | | 37 | | |
| Households – mortgages | | | | 39 | | | | 30 | | | | 45 | | | | 27 | | | | 39 | | |
| Public sector | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| Wholesale and retail trade | | | | 78 | | | | 41 | | | | 140 | | | | 192 | | | | 60 | | |
| Commercial real estate activities | | | | 106 | | | | 59 | | | | 127 | | | | 209 | | | | 148 | | |
| Lease financing | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 1 | | | | 3 | | |
| Other | | | | 231 | | | | 217 | | | | 567 | | | | 426 | | | | 220 | | |
| German total | | | | 722 | | | | 576 | | | | 1,483 | | | | 1,356 | | | | 643 | | |
| | | | | |
| Non-German: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Excluding lease financing | | | | 672 | | | | 1,318 | | | | 1,244 | | | | 697 | | | | 652 | | |
| Lease financing only | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 1 | | | | 2 | | | | 1 | | |
| Non-German total | | | | 672 | | | | 1,318 | | | | 1,245 | | | | 699 | | | | 653 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total charge-offs | | | | 1,394 | | | | 1,894 | | | | 2,728 | | | | 2,055 | | | | 1,296 | | |
| | | | | |
| Recoveries | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| German: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Banks and insurance | | | | 1 | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| Manufacturing | | | | 12 | | | | 7 | | | | 4 | | | | 4 | | | | 10 | | |
| Households (excluding mortgages) | | | | 37 | | | | 48 | | | | 24 | | | | 15 | | | | 3 | | |
| Households – mortgages | | | | – | | | | – | | | | 2 | | | | 2 | | | | – | | |
| Public sector | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| Wholesale and retail trade | | | | 12 | | | | 6 | | | | 3 | | | | 1 | | | | – | | |
| Commercial real estate activities | | | | 3 | | | | 2 | | | | 3 | | | | – | | | | 3 | | |
| Lease financing | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| Other | | | | 37 | | | | 36 | | | | 42 | | | | 11 | | | | 35 | | |
| German total | | | | 102 | | | | 99 | | | | 78 | | | | 33 | | | | 51 | | |
| | | | | |
| Non-German: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Excluding lease financing | | | | 50 | | | | 67 | | | | 34 | | | | 34 | | | | 24 | | |
| Lease financing only | | | | – | | | | 1 | | | | – | | | | – | | | | – | | |
| Non-German total | | | | 50 | | | | 68 | | | | 34 | | | | 34 | | | | 24 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total recoveries | | | | 152 | | | | 167 | | | | 112 | | | | 67 | | | | 75 | | |
| | | | | |
| Net charge-offs | | | | 1,242 | | | | 1,727 | | | | 2,616 | | | | 1,988 | | | | 1,221 | | |
| | | | | |
| Provision for loan losses | | | | 372 | | | | 1,113 | | | | 2,091 | | | | 1,024 | | | | 478 | | |
| | | | | |
| Other changes (currency translation and allowance related to acquisitions/divestitures) | | | | (66 | ) | | | (422 | ) | | | (743 | ) | | | (196 | ) | | | 207 | | |
| | | | | |
| Allowance at end of year | | | | 2,345 | | | | 3,281 | | | | 4,317 | | | | 5,585 | | | | 6,745 | | |
| | | | | |
| Percentage of total net charge-offs to average loans for the year | | | | 0.86 | % | | | 1.04 | % | | | 1.15 | % | | | 0.71 | % | | | 0.39 | % | |
| | | | | |
S-7
Our provision for loan losses in 2002 was€ 2.1 billion, an increase of 104% from the prior year. This amount is composed of both net new specific and inherent loan loss provisions. The provision for the year was primarily due to provisions raised to address the downturn in the telecommunication industry and specific loan loss provisions reflecting the deterioration in various industry sectors represented within our German portfolio and the Americas.
Our total provision for loan losses in 2001 was€ 1.0 billion, an increase of 114% from the prior year. This amount was comprised to both new specific and inherent loan loss provisions, reflecting the downturn in the global economy.
Our total provision for loan losses in 2000 was€ 478 million, a decline of 34% from the prior year. This balance was composed of net new specific loan loss provisions and a release of our inherent loss provision. Our total net new specific loan loss provision amounted to€ 805 million, which was almost equally split between German and non-German clients. Our specific loan loss provisions declined between 1999 and 2000, reflecting the improvement of the quality of our loan portfolio. Specific provisions were approximately 13% less in 2000 than the prior year due to in large part to provisions we took in 1999 with respect to significant exposure to a single German borrower in the real estate industry.
For a discussion of the provision for loan losses for the years 2004 and 2003, see “Item 11: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Credit, Market and Other Risk – Credit Loss Exposure and Allowance for Loan Losses”.
The following table sets forth the components of our allowance for loan losses by industry of the borrower, and the percentage of our total loan portfolio accounted for by those industry classifications, on the dates specified. The breakdown between German and non-German borrowers is based on the location of the borrowers.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. (except percentages) | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | | Dec 31, 2003 | | | Dec 31, 2002 | | | Dec 31, 2001 | | | Dec 31, 2000 | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| German: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Specific loan loss allowance: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Banks and insurance | | | | – | | | | | 1 | % | | | 38 | | | | 3 | % | | | 37 | | | | 1 | % | | | 7 | | | | 3 | % | | | 67 | | | | 4 | % | |
| Manufacturing | | | | 271 | | | | | 5 | % | | | 338 | | | | 6 | % | | | 317 | | | | 5 | % | | | 427 | | | | 5 | % | | | 668 | | | | 5 | % | |
| Households (excluding mortgages) | | | | 55 | | | | | 11 | % | | | 68 | | | | 10 | % | | | 121 | | | | 8 | % | | | 102 | | | | 5 | % | | | 110 | | | | 5 | % | |
| Households – mortgages | | | | 17 | | | | | 19 | % | | | 17 | | | | 17 | % | | | 5 | | | | 15 | % | | | 73 | | | | 13 | % | | | 58 | | | | 12 | % | |
| Public sector | | | | – | | | | | 1 | % | | | – | | | | 1 | % | | | – | | | | 1 | % | | | – | | | | 8 | % | | | – | | | | 8 | % | |
| Wholesale and retail trade | | | | 161 | | | | | 3 | % | | | 154 | | | | 3 | % | | | 130 | | | | 3 | % | | | 187 | | | | 2 | % | | | 359 | | | | 3 | % | |
| Commercial real estate activities | | | | 345 | | | | | 8 | % | | | 350 | | | | 8 | % | | | 287 | | | | 9 | % | | | 643 | | | | 11 | % | | | 773 | | | | 9 | % | |
| Other | | | | 278 | | | | | 9 | % | | | 378 | | | | 9 | % | | | 479 | | | | 9 | % | | | 606 | | | | 9 | % | | | 840 | | | | 11 | % | |
| Specific German total | | | | 1,127 | | | | | | | | | 1,343 | | | | | | | | 1,376 | | | | | | | | 2,045 | | | | | | | | 2,875 | | | | | | |
| Inherent loss allowance | | | | 417 | | | | | | | | | 472 | | | | | | | | 495 | | | | | | | | 1,098 | | | | | | | | 1,395 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| German total | | | | 1,544 | | | | | 57 | % | | | 1,815 | | | | 57 | % | | | 1,871 | | | | 51 | % | | | 3,143 | | | | 56 | % | | | 4,270 | | | | 57 | % | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Non-German: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Specific loan loss allowance | | | | 527 | | | | | | | | | 1,128 | | | | | | | | 1,768 | | | | | | | | 1,675 | | | | | | | | 1,702 | | | | | | |
| Inherent loss allowance | | | | 273 | | | | | | | | | 338 | | | | | | | | 678 | | | | | | | | 767 | | | | | | | | 773 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Non-German total | | | | 800 | | | | | 43 | % | | | 1,466 | | | | 43 | % | | | 2,446 | | | | 49 | % | | | 2,442 | | | | 44 | % | | | 2,475 | | | | 43 | % | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Total allowance for loan losses | | | | 2,345 | | | | | 100 | % | | | 3,281 | | | | 100 | % | | | 4,317 | | | | 100 | % | | | 5,585 | | | | 100 | % | | | 6,745 | | | | 100 | % | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Total specific allowance | | | | 1,654 | | | | | | | | | 2,471 | | | | | | | | 3,144 | | | | | | | | 3,720 | | | | | | | | 4,577 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Total inherent loss allowance | | | | 691 | | | | | | | | | 810 | | | | | | | | 1,173 | | | | | | | | 1,865 | | | | | | | | 2,168 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Total allowance for loan losses | | | | 2,345 | | | | | | | | | 3,281 | | | | | | | | 4,317 | | | | | | | | 5,585 | | | | | | | | 6,745 | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
S-8
The following table presents an analysis of the changes in the international component of the allowance for loan losses. As of December 31, 2004, 34% of the Group’s total allowance was attributable to international clients.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. | | | 2004 | | | 2003 | | | 2002 | | | 2001 | | | 2000 | | |
| | | | | |
| Allowance at beginning of year | | | | 1,466 | | | | 2,446 | | | | 2,441 | | | | 2,475 | | | | 2,812 | | |
| | | | | |
| Charge-offs | | | | 672 | | | | 1,318 | | | | 1,245 | | | | 699 | | | | 653 | | |
| | | | | |
| Recoveries | | | | 50 | | | | 68 | | | | 34 | | | | 34 | | | | 24 | | |
| | | | | |
| Net charge-offs | | | | 622 | | | | 1,250 | | | | 1,211 | | | | 665 | | | | 629 | | |
| | | | | |
| Provision for loan losses | | | | 25 | | | | 590 | | | | 1,500 | | | | 710 | | | | 219 | | |
| | | | | |
| Other changes (currency translation and allowance related to acquisitions/divestitures) | | | | (69 | ) | | | (320 | ) | | | (284 | ) | | | (79 | ) | | | 73 | | |
| | | | | |
| Allowance at end of year | | | | 800 | | | | 1,466 | | | | 2,446 | | | | 2,441 | | | | 2,475 | | |
| | | | | |
S-9
Foreign Outstandings
The following tables list only those countries for which the cross-border outstandings exceeded 0.75% of the Group’s total assets at December 31, 2004, 2003, and 2002. At December 31, 2004, there were no outstandings that exceeded 0.75% of total assets in any country currently facing debt restructurings or liquidity problems that the Group expects would materially impact the country’s ability to service its obligations.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Dec 31, 2004 | | Banks and | | | Governments | | | Other1 | | | Commit- | | | Net local | | | Total | | | Percent | | |
| | | other | | | and official | | | | | | ments | | | country | | | | | | | | |
| | | financial | | | institutions | | | | | | | | | claim | | | | | | | | |
| in€ m. | | institutions | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| United States | | | 7,445 | | | | 6,697 | | | | 122,679 | | | | 8,052 | | | | 59,213 | | | | 204,086 | | | | 24.30 | % | |
| | |
| France | | | 2,195 | | | | 8,249 | | | | 19,779 | | | | 3,701 | | | | 42 | | | | 33,966 | | | | 4.04 | % | |
| | |
| Italy | | | 4,103 | | | | 11,780 | | | | 12,989 | | | | 688 | | | | 1,324 | | | | 30,884 | | | | 3.68 | % | |
| | |
| Japan | | | 1,452 | | | | 7,673 | | | | 8,034 | | | | 126 | | | | 12,486 | | | | 29,771 | | | | 3.54 | % | |
| | |
| Netherlands | | | 3,067 | | | | 2,833 | | | | 8,836 | | | | 4,228 | | | | – | | | | 18,964 | | | | 2.26 | % | |
| | |
| Great Britain | | | 2,148 | | | | 2,313 | | | | 6,100 | | | | 1,277 | | | | – | | | | 11,838 | | | | 1.41 | % | |
| | |
| Spain | | | 3,168 | | | | 3,341 | | | | 4,806 | | | | 257 | | | | – | | | | 11,572 | | | | 1.38 | % | |
| | |
| Cayman Islands | | | 339 | | | | 70 | | | | 10,269 | | | | 354 | | | | – | | | | 11,032 | | | | 1.31 | % | |
| | |
| Luxembourg | | | 3,336 | | | | 326 | | | | 4,783 | | | | 782 | | | | – | | | | 9,227 | | | | 1.10 | % | |
| | |
| Switzerland | | | 1,453 | | | | 279 | | | | 4,223 | | | | 1,212 | | | | – | | | | 7,167 | | | | 0.85 | % | |
| | |
1 | | Other includes commercial and industrial, insurance and other loans. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Dec 31, 2003 | | Banks and | | | Governments | | | Other1 | | | Commit- | | | Net local | | | Total | | | Percent | | |
| | | other | | | and official | | | | | | ments | | | country | | | | | | | | |
| | | financial | | | institutions | | | | | | | | | claim | | | | | | | | |
| in€ m. | | institutions | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| United States | | | 9,467 | | | | 5,532 | | | | 92,654 | | | | 3,117 | | | | 13,140 | | | | 123,910 | | | | 15.42 | % | |
| | |
| Japan | | | 1,374 | | | | 11,928 | | | | 28,401 | | | | 186 | | | | 21,176 | | | | 63,065 | | | | 7.85 | % | |
| | |
| Italy | | | 2,835 | | | | 9,369 | | | | 13,171 | | | | 1,351 | | | | – | | | | 26,726 | | | | 3.33 | % | |
| | |
| Netherlands | | | 2,620 | | | | 4,136 | | | | 10,454 | | | | 5,688 | | | | 1 | | | | 22,899 | | | | 2.85 | % | |
| | |
| France | | | 2,521 | | | | 4,557 | | | | 13,197 | | | | 1,875 | | | | 90 | | | | 22,240 | | | | 2.77 | % | |
| | |
| Great Britain | | | 3,508 | | | | 2,195 | | | | 5,480 | | | | 6,329 | | | | 874 | | | | 18,386 | | | | 2.29 | % | |
| | |
| Spain | | | 1,823 | | | | 2,059 | | | | 7,124 | | | | 151 | | | | 3,099 | | | | 14,256 | | | | 1.77 | % | |
| | |
| Switzerland | | | 958 | | | | 1,247 | | | | 5,323 | | | | 2,749 | | | | – | | | | 10,277 | | | | 1.28 | % | |
| | |
| Cayman Islands | | | 197 | | | | 70 | | | | 8,126 | | | | 783 | | | | – | | | | 9,176 | | | | 1.14 | % | |
| | |
| Canada | | | 466 | | | | 1,052 | | | | 4,490 | | | | 736 | | | | 65 | | | | 6,809 | | | | 0.85 | % | |
| | |
| Luxembourg | | | 1,004 | | | | 133 | | | | 5,226 | | | | 199 | | | | – | | | | 6,562 | | | | 0.82 | % | |
| | |
1 | | Other includes commercial and industrial, insurance and other loans. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| Dec 31, 2002 | | Banks and | | | Governments | | | Other1 | | | Commit- | | | Net local | | | Total | | | Percent | | |
| | | other | | | and official | | | | | | ments | | | country | | | | | | | | |
| | | financial | | | institutions | | | | | | | | | claim | | | | | | | | |
| in€ m. | | institutions | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| United States | | | 23,176 | | | | 3,560 | | | | 69,126 | | | | 2,067 | | | | 23,702 | | | | 121,631 | | | | 16.04 | % | |
| | |
| Japan | | | 2,027 | | | | 11,659 | | | | 15,353 | | | | 122 | | | | 16,296 | | | | 45,457 | | | | 5.99 | % | |
| | |
| Italy | | | 2,630 | | | | 6,335 | | | | 14,544 | | | | 1,116 | | | | – | | | | 24,625 | | | | 3.25 | % | |
| | |
| Great Britain | | | 6,286 | | | | 777 | | | | 3,735 | | | | 3,192 | | | | 6,905 | | | | 20,895 | | | | 2.76 | % | |
| | |
| France | | | 4,605 | | | | 3,969 | | | | 9,961 | | | | 1,260 | | | | 145 | | | | 19,940 | | | | 2.63 | % | |
| | |
| Netherlands | | | 5,125 | | | | 1,911 | | | | 5,719 | | | | 2,788 | | | | – | | | | 15,543 | | | | 2.05 | % | |
| | |
| Spain | | | 1,281 | | | | 2,152 | | | | 5,039 | | | | 623 | | | | 3,965 | | | | 13,060 | | | | 1.72 | % | |
| | |
| Cayman Islands | | | 5,926 | | | | 282 | | | | 3,828 | | | | 454 | | | | – | | | | 10,490 | | | | 1.38 | % | |
| | |
| Switzerland | | | 1,160 | | | | 683 | | | | 5,660 | | | | 2,022 | | | | 138 | | | | 9,663 | | | | 1.27 | % | |
| | |
| Belgium | | | 1,899 | | | | 658 | | | | 3,707 | | | | 549 | | | | – | | | | 6,813 | | | | 0.90 | % | |
| | |
| Luxembourg | | | 4,155 | | | | 45 | | | | 689 | | | | 1,387 | | | | – | | | | 6,276 | | | | 0.83 | % | |
| | |
1 | | Other includes commercial and industrial, insurance and other loans. |
S-10
Deposits
The following table provides an analysis of the maturities of deposits in the amount of U.S.$ 100,000 or more in domestic offices as of December 31, 2004.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| 2004 | | Within three | | | After three | | | After six months | | | After one year | | | | Total | | |
| | | months | | | months but | | | but within | | | | | | | | | |
| in€ m. | | | | | within six months | | | one year | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Offices in Germany | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Certificates of deposits | | | – | | | | – | | | | 107 | | | | 140 | | | | | 247 | | |
| | | | | |
| Other time deposits | | | 22,810 | | | | 909 | | | | 463 | | | | 5,485 | | | | | 29,667 | | |
| | | | | |
| Total | | | 22,810 | | | | 909 | | | | 570 | | | | 5,625 | | | | | 29,914 | | |
| | | | | |
The amount of time certificates of deposits and other time deposits in the amount of U.S.$ 100,000 or more issued by foreign offices was€ 129.8 billion at December 31, 2004.
Total deposits by foreign depositors in German offices amounted to€ 21.8 billion,€ 17.5 billion and€ 20.6 billion at December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
Short-term Borrowings
Short-term borrowings are borrowings with an original maturity of one year or less. The following table sets forth certain information relating to the categories of the Group’s short-term borrowings. The Group calculated the average balances for each period based upon month-end balances for December of the preceding year and for each month of the year except January. The allocation of assets and liabilities between German and non-German offices is based on the location of the entity on the books of which the Group carries the asset or liability.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| in€ m. (except percentages) | | | Dec 31, 2004 | | | Dec 31, 2003 | | | Dec 31, 2002 | | |
| | | | | |
| Central bank funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year-end balance | | | | 105,292 | | | | 102,433 | | | | 90,709 | | |
| Average balance | | | | 134,716 | | | | 150,626 | | | | 144,027 | | |
| Maximum balance at any month-end | | | | 165,305 | | | | 191,744 | | | | 189,446 | | |
| Weighted-average interest rate during the year | | | | 3.43 | % | | | 3.05 | % | | | 4.89 | % | |
| Weighted-average interest rate on year-end balance | | | | 2.86 | % | | | 2.37 | % | | | 2.05 | % | |
| | | | | |
| Securities loaned: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year-end balance | | | | 12,881 | | | | 14,817 | | | | 8,790 | | |
| Average balance | | | | 17,652 | | | | 16,191 | | | | 11,406 | | |
| Maximum balance at any month-end | | | | 23,131 | | | | 31,347 | | | | 17,166 | | |
| Weighted-average interest rate during the year | | | | 3.15 | % | | | 2.65 | % | | | 5.09 | % | |
| Weighted-average interest rate on year-end balance | | | | 3.17 | % | | | 1.28 | % | | | 2.73 | % | |
| | | | | |
| Commercial Paper: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year-end balance | | | | 9,980 | | | | 13,150 | | | | 4,320 | | |
| Average balance | | | | 9,503 | | | | 10,901 | | | | 9,306 | | |
| Maximum balance at any month-end | | | | 16,838 | | | | 18,207 | | | | 15,187 | | |
| Weighted-average interest rate during the year | | | | 2.09 | % | | | 2.35 | % | | | 2.80 | % | |
| Weighted-average interest rate on year-end balance | | | | 1.92 | % | | | 2.80 | % | | | 1.12 | % | |
| | | | | |
| Other: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year-end balance | | | | 10,138 | | | | 9,140 | | | | 7,253 | | |
| Average balance | | | | 11,639 | | | | 10,308 | | | | 11,291 | | |
| Maximum balance at any month-end | | | | 18,606 | | | | 13,752 | | | | 19,011 | | |
| Weighted-average interest rate during the year | | | | 2.31 | % | | | 3.31 | % | | | 3.93 | % | |
| Weighted-average interest rate on year-end balance | | | | 3.06 | % | | | 1.58 | % | | | 2.86 | % | |
| | | | | |
S-11