REVENUE AND SEGMENT INFORMATION | 4. REVENUE AND SEGMENT INFORMATION (a) Revenue Revenue recognized during the years are as follows: 2015 2016 2017 Sales of goods (net of value-added tax) 121,255,842 141,534,738 177,872,845 Other revenue 2,411,825 2,694,178 2,207,905 123,667,667 144,228,916 180,080,750 Other revenue primarily includes revenue from the sale of scrap and other materials, the supply of heat and water and the provision of machinery processing, transportation and packaging and other services. (b) Segment information The presidents of the Company have been identified as the chief operating decision-makers. They are responsible for the review of internal reports in order to allocate resources to operating segments and assess their performance of these operating segments. The presidents monitor the business from a product perspective comprising alumina, primary aluminum and energy products which are identified as separate reportable operating segments. In addition, the Group’s trading business is identified as a separate reportable operating segment. The Group’s operating segments also include corporate and other operating activities. The presidents assess the performance of operating segments based on profit or loss before income tax in related periods. Unless otherwise stated below, the manner of assessment used by the presidents is consistent with that applied in these financial statements. Management has determined the operating segments based on the reports reviewed by the presidents that are used to make strategic decisions. The Group’s five reportable operating segments are summarized as follows: · The alumina segment, which consists of the mining and purchase of bauxite and other raw materials, the refining of bauxite into alumina, and the sale of alumina both internally to the Group’s aluminum enterprises and trading enterprises and externally to customers outside the Group. This segment also includes the production and sale of chemical alumina and metal gallium. · The primary aluminum segment, which consists of the procurement of alumina and other raw materials, supplemental materials and electricity power, and the smelting of alumina to produce primary aluminum which is sold to internal trading enterprises and external customers, including Chinalco and its subsidiaries. This segment also includes the production and sale of carbon products and aluminum alloy and other aluminum products. · The energy segment, which consists of the research and development, production and operation of energy products, mainly includes coal mining, electricity generation by thermal power, wind power and solar power, and new energy related equipment manufacturing business. Sales of coals are mainly made to the Group’s internal and external coals consuming customers; electricity is sold to regional power grid corporations. · The trading segment, which consists of the trading of alumina, primary aluminum, aluminum fabrication products, other non-ferrous metal products, coal products, raw materials and supplemental materials and logistics and transport services to internal manufacturing plants and external customers in the PRC. The products are sourced from fellow subsidiaries of the Group, international and domestic suppliers of the Group. Sales of products manufactured by the Group’s manufacturing business are included in the total revenue of the trading segment and are eliminated with the segment revenue of the respective segments which supply the products to the trading segment. · Corporate and other operating segments, which mainly include corporate management, research and development activities and others. Prepaid current income tax and deferred tax assets are excluded from segment assets, and income tax payable and deferred tax liabilities are excluded from segment liabilities. All sales among the operating segments were conducted on terms mutually agreed among group companies, and have been eliminated on consolidation. Year ended December 31, 2015 Corporate and other Inter- Primary operating segment Alumina aluminum Energy Trading segments eliminations Total Total revenue 33,497,260 36,973,230 4,290,915 94,131,114 302,377 (45,527,229) 123,667,667 Inter-segment revenue (26,643,874) (8,861,390) (98,124) (9,908,906) (14,935) 45,527,229 — Sales of self-produced products (Note (i)) 23,294,776 Sales of products sourced from external suppliers 60,927,432 Revenue from external customers 6,853,386 28,111,840 4,192,791 84,222,208 287,442 — 123,667,667 Segment profit/(loss) before income tax 1,895,706 (1,386,922) (74,153) (1,234,554) 733,760 188,104 121,941 Income tax benefit 225,961 Profit for the year 347,902 Other items Finance income 204,580 20,820 39,231 265,372 282,456 — 812,459 Finance costs (1,081,381) (1,347,593) (1,016,869) (562,645) (1,971,001) — (5,979,489) Share of profits and losses of joint ventures — — 6,979 — 16,259 — 23,238 Share of profits and losses of associates — (2,027) 270,963 — 15,595 — 284,531 Amortization of land use rights (44,591) (28,989) (12,557) (15) (18,307) — (104,459) Depreciation and amortization (excluding the amortization of land use rights) (3,066,608) (2,871,447) (1,203,659) (27,526) (114,840) — (7,284,080) Gain/(loss) on disposal of property, plant and equipment and land use rights 218,384 1,747,796 (611) 56,120 296,168 — 2,317,857 Other income 316,536 1,369,644 79,611 12,816 9,167 — 1,787,774 Gain on disposal of Shanxi Huaxing 1,035,254 — — — 1,552,880 — 2,588,134 Partial disposal of Jiaozuo Wanfang — — — — 832,369 — 832,369 Impairment of property, plant and equipment — — (10,011) — — — (10,011) Change for impairment of inventories (Note (ii)) (219,997) 55,288 7,417 (459,575) — — (616,867) Reversal of provision for impairment of receivables, net 5,389 40,603 64,417 121,741 — — 232,150 Investments in associates 21,000 312,286 2,323,968 118,352 2,827,095 — 5,602,701 Investments in joint ventures 1,886,083 — 1,412,223 — 1,852,581 — 5,150,887 Capital expenditure in: Intangible assets 5,167 872 27,991 580 — — 34,610 Land use rights — 133,686 5,938 — — — 139,624 Property, plant and equipment (Note (iii)) 5,523,144 1,862,662 2,377,708 16,930 412,632 — 10,193,076 (i) The sales of self-produced products include sales of self-produced alumina amounting to RMB12,699 million, sales of self-produced primary aluminum amounting RMB8,099 million, and sales of self-produced other products amounting to RMB2,497 million. (ii) Change for impairment of inventories do not include change for impairment due to disposal of subsidiaries and transferred to non-current assets held for sale. (iii) The additions in property, plant and equipment under sale and leaseback contracts are not included in capital expenditure in property, plant and equipment. Year ended December 31, 2016 Corporate and other Inter- Primary operating segment Alumina aluminum Energy Trading segments eliminations Total Total revenue 30,027,317 34,464,194 4,519,806 114,345,851 504,355 (39,632,607) 144,228,916 Inter-segment revenue (20,508,466) (4,981,936) (137,460) (13,906,423) (98,322) 39,632,607 — Sales of self-produced products (Note (i)) 18,292,949 Sales of products sourced from external suppliers 82,146,479 Revenue from external customers 9,518,851 29,482,258 4,382,346 100,439,428 406,033 — 144,228,916 Segment profit/(loss) before income tax 910,426 2,183,826 33,408 809,063 (1,993,161) (318,017) 1,625,545 Income tax expense (404,172) Profit for the year 1,221,373 Other items Finance income 302,230 36,139 51,897 226,941 198,522 — 815,729 Finance costs (1,016,455) (1,226,821) (987,422) (329,454) (1,459,756) — (5,019,908) Share of profits and losses of joint ventures (41,367) — (28,312) — (25,829) — (95,508) Share of profits and losses of associates — 958 87,359 (810) 27,584 — 115,091 Amortization of land use rights (43,523) (27,464) (11,172) (15) (17,550) — (99,724) Depreciation and amortization (excluding the amortization of land use rights) (2,847,343) (2,598,984) (1,298,483) (54,724) (88,095) — (6,887,629) Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment and land use rights 191,364 361,155 253,566 2,890 7,746 — 816,721 Unrealized gains on futures, forward and option contracts, net — 16,778 — 109,906 27,901 — 154,585 Realized loss on futures, forward and option contracts, net (1,297) (271,000) — (457,702) (560,268) — (1,290,267) Other income 440,592 195,380 57,600 40,085 11,612 — 745,269 Impairment of property, plant and equipment (35,893) (18,239) (2,948) — — — (57,080) Changes for impairment of inventories 684,271 505,595 159 471,218 1,145 — 1,662,388 Reversal of provision/(provision) for impairment of receivables, net 53,144 198 (836) (5,838) — — 46,668 Gain on disposal of associates — — — — 128,833 — 128,833 Gain on disposal and dividends of available for sale — — 1,000 — 139,929 — 140,929 Investments in associates 69,000 313,244 2,351,845 146,926 3,045,518 — 5,926,533 Investments in joint ventures 2,631,546 — 1,559,966 — 2,048,688 — 6,240,200 Additions during the period: Intangible assets 336,603 3 6,857 509 127 — 344,099 Land use rights — 26 20,937 — — — 20,963 Investment properties 50,285 3,354 — 38,628 — — 92,267 Property, plant and equipment (Note (ii)) 2,455,064 4,118,544 1,582,039 42,476 143,736 — 8,341,859 Note: (i) (ii) Year ended December 31, 2017 Corporate and other Primary operating Inter-segment Alumina aluminum Energy Trading segments eliminations Total Total revenue 38,079,105 47,245,646 6,250,966 146,814,520 645,314 (58,954,801) 180,080,750 Inter-segment revenue (24,413,258) (10,693,678) (517,269) (23,159,115) (171,481) 58,954,801 — Sales of self-produced products (Note (i)) 23,158,952 Sales of products sourced from external suppliers 100,496,453 Revenue from external customers 13,665,847 36,551,968 5,733,697 123,655,405 473,833 — 180,080,750 Segment profit/(loss) before income tax 3,251,751 826,632 (171,310) 730,131 (1,728,563) 97,575 3,006,216 Income tax expense (642,267) Profit for the year 2,363,949 Other items Finance income 232,625 83,996 44,015 192,327 153,336 — 706,299 Finance costs (695,162) (1,212,249) (1,000,767) (467,090) (1,814,661) — (5,189,929) Share of profits and losses of joint ventures 82,619 — (383,263) 1,885 306,910 — 8,151 Share of profits and losses of associates — (16,887) (181,667) 9,463 23,842 — (165,249) Amortization of land use rights (47,263) (25,120) (6,376) (15) (17,300) — (96,074) Depreciation and amortization (excluding the amortization of land use rights) (2,085,476) (3,253,801) (1,514,495) (85,085) (86,201) — (7,025,058) Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment and land use rights 47,595 40,106 (12,826) 1,673 543 — 77,091 Realized gain/(loss) on futures, forward and option contracts, net 3,398 (47,730) 1,585 (24,953) 43,749 — (23,951) Other income 179,736 79,038 37,940 31,060 14,397 — 342,171 Impairment of property, plant and equipment — — (15,632) — — — (15,632) Fair value loss — (17,033) — (92,719) (21,321) — (131,073) Changes for impairment of inventories (Note (ii)) 71,973 64,734 4,488 722 5,287 — 147,204 Reversal of/(provision for) impairment of receivables, net of bad debts recovered 26 269 (25,119) (18,396) — — (43,220) Gain on disposal and dividends of available for sale — 2,792 — — 76,616 — 79,408 Investments in associates 90,875 296,357 2,170,178 184,149 4,193,471 — 6,935,030 Investments in joint ventures 2,809,758 — 878,196 28,865 2,290,805 — 6,007,624 Additions during the period: Intangible assets — 197 284,509 372 89 — 285,167 Land use rights — — 27,956 25,199 6,060 — 59,215 Property, plant and equipment (Note (iii)) 2,558,737 5,533,168 1,268,051 60,805 256,093 — 9,676,854 Note: (i) The sales of self-produced products include sales of self-produced alumina amounting to RMB13,187 million, sales of self-produced primary aluminum amounting RMB6,680, and sales of self-produced other products amounting to RMB3,292 million. (ii) Change for impairment of inventories do not include change for impairment due to disposal of subsidiaries. (iii) Corporate and other Primary operating Alumina aluminum Energy Trading segments Total As at December 31, 2016 Segment assets 75,022,795 46,680,908 38,078,969 14,927,762 37,040,630 211,751,064 Reconciliation: Elimination of inter-segment receivables (22,023,956) Other eliminations (746,586) Corporate and other unallocated assets: Deferred tax assets 1,426,707 Prepaid income tax 104,213 Total assets 190,511,442 Segment liabilities 42,562,213 30,023,322 24,927,277 11,298,129 46,596,662 155,407,603 Reconciliation: Elimination of inter-segment payables (22,023,956) Corporate and other unallocated liabilities: Deferred tax liabilities 984,304 Income tax payable 356,683 Total liabilities 134,724,634 Corporate and other Primary operating Alumina aluminum Energy Trading segments Total As at December 31, 2017 Segment assets 69,657,926 51,996,432 40,249,776 18,576,192 48,271,025 228,751,351 Reconciliation: Elimination of inter-segment receivables (30,077,354) Other eliminations (194,763) Corporate and other unallocated assets: Deferred tax assets 1,602,825 Prepaid income tax 64,557 Total assets 200,146,616 Segment liabilities 33,106,617 29,811,892 27,504,055 13,063,870 60,019,710 163,506,144 Reconciliation: Elimination of inter-segment payables (30,077,354) Corporate and other unallocated liabilities: Deferred tax liabilities 993,742 Income tax payable 210,205 Total liabilities 134,632,737 The Group mainly operates in the mainland of China. Geographical information of the operating segments is as follows: 2015 2016 2017 Segment revenue from external customers — Mainland China 121,421,378 141,393,123 171,014,419 — Outside of Mainland China 2,246,289 2,835,793 9,066,331 123,667,667 144,228,916 180,080,750 December 31, December 31, 2016 2017 Non-current assets (excluding financial assets and deferred tax assets) — Mainland China 120,696,743 127,621,039 — Outside of Mainland China 370,561 384,089 121,067,304 128,005,128 For the year ended December 31, 2017, revenues of approximately RMB39,759 million (2015: RMB31,818 million, 2016: RMB30,940 million) were derived from entities directly or indirectly owned or controlled by the PRC government including Chinalco. These revenues are mainly attributable to the alumina, primary aluminum, energy and trading segments. There were no other individual customer from which the Group has derived revenue of more than 10% of the Group’s revenue during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017. |