Total revenues from contracts with customers by type were as follows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:
Commissions | | | $5,903,200 | | | $5,349,348 |
Hard dollar payments | | | 472,875 | | | 805,219 |
| | | 6,376,075 | | | 6,154,567 |
Research services | | | 1,502,500 | | | 2,030,000 |
Underwriting fees | | | 431,114 | | | 102,931 |
Sales manager fees | | | 733,422 | | | 15,616 |
| | | $9,043,111 | | | $8,303,114 |
D.
| Related Party Transactions |
At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had an investment of $6,579,577 and $ 11,276,289, respectively, in The Gabelli U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund advised by Gabelli Funds, LLC, which is an affiliate of the Company. The amount is recorded in cash and cash equivalents in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Income earned from this investment totaled $175,846 and $157,581 in 2019 and 2018, respectively, and is included in dividends and interest revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
In 2019 and 2018, the Company earned $4,875,768 and $3,825,998 or approximately, 76% and 62%, respectively, of its commission revenue from transactions executed on behalf of funds advised by Gabelli Funds, LLC., (“Gabelli Funds”) and private wealth management clients advised by GAMCO Asset Management Inc., (“GAMCO Asset”), each affiliates of the Company. GAMCO Asset and Gabelli Funds each paid $752,550 and $750,000, to the Company pursuant to research services agreements (see Note C) for the year ended December 31, 2019 and $1,000,000 and $1,030,000, for the year ended December 31, 2018. Effective February 1, 2019, the Company amended its existing research service agreements, whereby GAMCO Asset and Gabelli Funds shall each pay $62,500 per month for research services provided. These agreements were terminable immediately upon notice. These agreements were terminated on January 1, 2020.
The Company participated as agent in the secondary offerings of the GAMCO Global Gold, Natural Resources & Income Trust (“GGN”). Pursuant to sales agreements between the parties, the Company earned sales manager fees related to this offering of $729,893 and $15,616 during 2019 and 2018, respectively. In connection with the clearance of the GGN transactions the Company collects and pays GGN and has a payable to GGN for $511,108 and $0 as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, included in payables to affiliates in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition. Sales manager fees are separately disclosed in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The Company participated in the secondary offerings of the preferred stock of affiliated closed end funds during 2019 and 2018 as participants in the underwriting syndicate and selling groups earning $431,114 and $102,930, respectively.
During 2018, the Company had investments in mutual fund and closed-end funds advised by Gabelli Funds, LLC and GBL stock that were sold during the year. Dividend income earned from these affiliated investments totaled $1,393,132 in 2018, and is included in dividends and interest revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company also recorded related investment losses of $21,332,884 during 2018, which are included in principal transactions in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The Company made a non-cash return of capital to AC on December 3, 2018, totaling $85,606,259 in the form of securities with a fair value of $80,877,637 and a tax receivable settlement of $4,728,622. The securities included certain common stocks, closed-end funds and a mutual fund, of which $70,970,347 million were affiliated investments. The Company consequently realized net losses totaling $16,880,403, which are included in the affiliated investment losses of $21,332,884 noted above.
On December 31, 2018, AC paid $3,436,000 to G.research in exchange for the remaining 200,000 shares of GBL common stock. The Company realized net losses of $2,332,000 in relation to this exchange, which is included in the affiliated investment losses of $21,332,884 noted above.