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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2008
OR
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period to .
Commission file number: 000-50644
Cutera, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware | 77-0492262 | |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. employer identification no.) |
3240 Bayshore Blvd., Brisbane, California 94005
(Address of principal executive offices)
(415) 657-5500
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (check one):
Large accelerated filer ¨ Accelerated filer x Non-accelerated filer ¨ Smaller reporting company ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.): Yes ¨ No x
The number of shares of Registrant’s common stock issued and outstanding as of July 31, 2008 was 12,779,692.
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FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page | ||||
PART I | FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 3 | ||
Item 1. | Financial Statements (unaudited) | 3 | ||
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | 3 | |||
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations | 4 | |||
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 5 | |||
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 6 | |||
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 11 | ||
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 17 | ||
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 17 | ||
PART II | OTHER INFORMATION | 18 | ||
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 18 | ||
Item 1A | Risk Factors | 18 | ||
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 25 | ||
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 25 | ||
Item 4. | Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders | 25 | ||
Item 5. | Other Information | 26 | ||
Item 6. | Exhibits | 26 | ||
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Item 1. | Financial Statements |
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
June 30, 2008 | December 31, 2007 | ||||||
Assets | |||||||
Current assets: | |||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 20,464 | $ | 11,054 | |||
Marketable investments | 75,872 | 88,510 | |||||
Accounts receivable, net | 9,157 | 10,692 | |||||
Inventories | 8,609 | 7,533 | |||||
Deferred tax asset | 7,899 | 8,058 | |||||
Other current assets | 2,137 | 1,955 | |||||
Total current assets | 124,138 | 127,802 | |||||
Property and equipment, net | 1,232 | 1,361 | |||||
Long term investments | 11,478 | 7,429 | |||||
Intangibles, net | 1,126 | 1,227 | |||||
Deferred tax asset, net of current portion | 1,021 | 834 | |||||
Total assets | $ | 138,995 | $ | 138,653 | |||
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | |||||||
Current liabilities: | |||||||
Accounts payable | $ | 1,914 | $ | 2,350 | |||
Accrued liabilities | 11,664 | 13,587 | |||||
Deferred revenue | 5,943 | 4,971 | |||||
Total current liabilities | 19,521 | 20,908 | |||||
Deferred rent | 1,676 | 1,639 | |||||
Deferred revenue, net of current portion | 5,891 | 5,593 | |||||
Income tax liability | 1,558 | 1,160 | |||||
Total liabilities | 28,646 | 29,300 | |||||
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8) | |||||||
Stockholders’ equity: | |||||||
Common stock | 13 | 13 | |||||
Additional paid-in capital | 77,737 | 74,871 | |||||
Retained earnings | 34,398 | 34,279 | |||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | (1,799 | ) | 190 | ||||
Total stockholders’ equity | 110,349 | 109,353 | |||||
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 138,995 | $ | 138,653 | |||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share data)
(unaudited)
Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||
Net revenue | $ | 24,754 | $ | 23,873 | $ | 46,372 | $ | 47,130 | |||||
Cost of revenue | 9,271 | 7,910 | 17,490 | 15,691 | |||||||||
Gross profit | 15,483 | 15,963 | 28,882 | 31,439 | |||||||||
Operating expenses: | |||||||||||||
Sales and marketing | 10,361 | 9,190 | 20,710 | 18,253 | |||||||||
Research and development | 2,004 | 1,923 | 3,789 | 3,671 | |||||||||
General and administrative | 3,023 | 2,900 | 5,964 | 5,918 | |||||||||
Total operating expenses | 15,388 | 14,013 | 30,463 | 27,842 | |||||||||
Income (loss) from operations | 95 | 1,950 | (1,581 | ) | 3,597 | ||||||||
Interest and other income, net | 857 | 1,108 | 1,758 | 2,110 | |||||||||
Income before income taxes | 952 | 3,058 | 177 | 5,707 | |||||||||
Provision for income taxes | 291 | 1,024 | 58 | 1,918 | |||||||||
Net income | $ | 661 | $ | 2,034 | $ | 119 | $ | 3,789 | |||||
Net income per share: | |||||||||||||
Basic | $ | 0.05 | $ | 0.15 | $ | 0.01 | $ | 0.28 | |||||
Diluted | $ | 0.05 | $ | 0.14 | $ | 0.01 | $ | 0.26 | |||||
Weighted-average number of shares used in per share calculations: | |||||||||||||
Basic | 12,764 | 13,610 | 12,753 | 13,413 | |||||||||
Diluted | 13,465 | 14,666 | 13,457 | 14,655 | |||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||
2008 | 2007 | |||||||
Cash flows from operating activities: | ||||||||
Net income | $ | 119 | $ | 3,789 | ||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | ||||||||
Stock-based compensation | 2,657 | 2,788 | ||||||
Tax benefit (shortfall) related to employee stock options | (51 | ) | 1,497 | |||||
Excess tax benefit related to stock-based compensation expense | — | (833 | ) | |||||
Depreciation and amortization | 451 | 454 | ||||||
Change in deferred tax asset | (28 | ) | 184 | |||||
Other | 106 | 153 | ||||||
Changes in assets and liabilities: | ||||||||
Accounts receivable | 1,446 | 378 | ||||||
Inventories | (1,093 | ) | (1,681 | ) | ||||
Other current assets | 48 | (113 | ) | |||||
Accounts payable | (436 | ) | (285 | ) | ||||
Accrued liabilities | (1,923 | ) | (807 | ) | ||||
Deferred rent | 37 | 107 | ||||||
Deferred revenue | 1,270 | 1,184 | ||||||
Income tax liability | 398 | (56 | ) | |||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | 3,001 | 6,759 | ||||||
Cash flows from investing activities: | ||||||||
Acquisition of property and equipment | (221 | ) | (758 | ) | ||||
Acquisition of intangibles | — | (20 | ) | |||||
Proceeds from sales of marketable investments | 41,195 | 18,669 | ||||||
Proceeds from maturities of marketable investments | 9,670 | 17,253 | ||||||
Purchase of marketable and long term investments | (44,495 | ) | (44,682 | ) | ||||
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 6,149 | (9,538 | ) | |||||
Cash flows from financing activities: | ||||||||
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan | 260 | 3,073 | ||||||
Repurchase of common stock | — | (2,516 | ) | |||||
Excess tax benefit related to stock-based compensation expense | — | 833 | ||||||
Net cash provided by financing activities | 260 | 1,390 | ||||||
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 9,410 | (1,389 | ) | |||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 11,054 | 11,800 | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 20,464 | $ | 10,411 | ||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Description of Operations and Principles of Consolidation.
Cutera, Inc. (“Cutera” or the “Company”) is a global provider of laser and other light-based aesthetic systems for practitioners worldwide. The Company designs, develops, manufactures, and markets the CoolGlide, Xeo and Solera product platforms for use by physicians and other qualified practitioners to offer safe and effective aesthetic treatments to their customers.
Headquartered in Brisbane, California, the Company has wholly-owned subsidiaries in Australia, Canada, France, Japan, Spain, Switzerland and United Kingdom that market, sell and service its products outside of the United States. The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated.
Unaudited Interim Financial Information
The financial information furnished is unaudited. The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) that the Company considers necessary for the fair statement of the results of operations for the interim periods covered and of the financial condition of the Company at the date of the interim balance sheet. The December 31, 2007 Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results for the entire year or any other interim period. The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, on March 13, 2008.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires the Company’s management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates their estimates, including those related to the accounts receivable and sales allowances, fair values of marketable and long term investments, fair values of acquired intangible assets, useful lives of intangible assets and property and equipment, fair values of options to purchase the Company’s common stock, recoverability of deferred tax assets, and effective income tax rates, among others. Management bases their estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities.
Significant Accounting Policies
The Company’s significant accounting policies are disclosed in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 and have not changed significantly as of June 30, 2008, except for the following:
Fair Value Measurements
On January 1, 2008, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, or SFAS, No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements,” or SFAS 157, as it relates to financial assets and financial liabilities. In February 2008, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued FASB Staff Position (FSP) No. FAS 157-2, “Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157,” which delayed the effective date of SFAS 157 for all nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on at least an annual basis, until January 1, 2009 for calendar year-end entities. SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, or GAAP, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements.
SFAS 157 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. This standard is now the single source in GAAP for the definition of fair value, except for the fair value of leased property as defined in SFAS No. 13, “Accounting for Leases.” SFAS 157 establishes a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between (1) market participant assumptions developed based on market data obtained from independent sources (observable inputs) and (2) an entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions developed based on the best information available in the circumstances (unobservable inputs). The fair value hierarchy consists of three broad levels, which gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under SFAS 157 are described below:
• | Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for assets or liabilities. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to Level 1 inputs. |
• | Level 2: Directly or indirectly observable inputs as of the reporting date through correlation with market data, including quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets and quoted prices in markets that are not active. Level 2 also includes assets and liabilities that are valued using models or other pricing methodologies that do not require significant judgment since the input assumptions used in the models, such as interest rates and volatility factors, are corroborated by readily observable data from actively quoted markets for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. |
• | Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and reflect the use of significant management judgment. These values are generally determined using pricing models for which the assumptions utilize management’s estimates of market participant assumptions. |
In determining fair value, the Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible as well as considers counterparty credit risk in its assessment of fair value. The following section describes the valuation methodologies used by the Company to measure different financial instruments at fair value, including an indication of the level in the fair value hierarchy in which each instrument is generally classified.
At June 30, 2008, the Company held $13.4 million (par value), with an estimated fair value of $11.5 million, of either AAA or Aa3 rated municipal bonds with an auction interest rate reset feature, known as auction rate securities, or ARS. The ARS held by the Company are guaranteed either by the Federal Family Education Loan
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Program or the Maine Education Loan Authority and were issued for the purpose of financing student loans. ARS have historically traded at par and are redeemable at par plus accrued interest at the option of the issuer. Interest is typically paid at the end of each auction period or semi-annually. Until February 2008, the market for the Company’s ARS was highly liquid. Since February 2008, a substantial number of auctions “failed,” meaning that there was not enough demand to sell all of the securities that holders desired to sell at auction. The immediate effect of a failed auction is that such holders cannot sell the securities at auction and the interest rate on the security generally resets to a maximum interest rate. In the case of funds invested by the Company in ARS which are the subject of a failed auction, the Company may not be able to access the funds without a loss of principal, unless a future auction of these investments is successful or the issuer redeems the security. As of June 30, 2008, the Company has classified its ARS investment balance as long term investments because of the Company’s belief that it could take more than one year before they are readily marketable. The Company has also modified its current investment strategy and increased its investments in more liquid money market funds.
At June 30, 2008, observable market information was not available to determine the fair value of the Company’s ARS investments. Therefore, the Company estimated their fair values using valuation models that relied on Level 3 inputs including those that are based on expected cash flow streams and collateral values, assessments of counterparty credit quality, default risk underlying the security, market discount rates and overall capital market liquidity. The valuation of the Company’s ARS investment portfolio is subject to uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Factors that may impact the Company’s valuation in the future include changes to credit ratings of the securities, as well as to the underlying assets supporting those securities, rates of default of the underlying assets, underlying collateral value, discount rates, counterparty risk and ongoing strength and quality of market credit and liquidity. These financial instruments are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
As of June 30, 2008, financial assets measured and recognized at fair value on a recurring basis and classified under the appropriate level of the fair value hierarchy as described above was as follows (in thousands):
Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | |||||||||
Cash equivalents | $ | 20,464 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 20,464 | ||||
Short term marketable investments: | ||||||||||||
Available-for-sale securities | — | 75,872 | — | 75,872 | ||||||||
Long term investments: | ||||||||||||
Available for sale ARS | — | — | 11,478 | 11,478 | ||||||||
Total assets at fair value | $ | 20,464 | $ | 75,872 | $ | 11,478 | $ | 107,814 | ||||
The table presented below summarizes the change in carrying value associated with Level 3 financial assets (long term investments) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||
Balance at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 | $ | 11,503 | $ | — | ||||
Transfers into Level 3 | — | 13,400 | ||||||
Sales, settlements and purchases, net, during the period | — | — | ||||||
Total gains or losses (realized or unrealized) | ||||||||
Included in earnings | — | — | ||||||
Included in other comprehensive loss | (25 | ) | (1,897 | ) | ||||
Balance at March 31, 2008 and June 30, 2008 | $ | 11,478 | $ | 11,503 | ||||
In accordance with the guidance provided in SFAS No. 115, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities,” and SAB Topic 5M, “Accounting for Noncurrent Marketable Equity Securities “ the Company determines when an investment is other-than-temporarily impaired by performing quarterly reviews of its investments. If the cost of an investment exceeds its fair value, in making the judgment of whether there has been an other than temporary impairment, the Company considers available quantitative and qualitative evidence, including, among other factors, the Company’s intent and ability to hold the investment to maturity, the duration and extent to which the fair value is less than cost, specific adverse conditions related to the financial health of and business outlook for the investee and rating agency actions. Once a decline in fair value is determined to be other-than-temporary, an impairment charge is recorded and a new cost basis in the investment is established. For the six months ended June 30, 2008, the Company determined the loss in value of its ARS to be temporary and accordingly recorded $1.9 million as a component of “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).” If the current market conditions deteriorate further, or a recovery in market values does not occur, the Company may be required to record additional unrealized or realized losses in future quarters.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 162, “The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles,” orSFAS 162. SFAS 162 identifies the sources of accounting principles and the framework for selecting the principles to be used in the preparation of financial statements that are presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. This Statement is effective 60 days following the SEC’s approval of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board amendments to AU Section 411,“The Meaning of Present Fairly in Conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.” The Company does not expect SFAS 162 to have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements.
In April 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position, or FSP, FAS 142-3, “Determination of the Useful Life of Intangible Assets,” or FSP FAS 142-3. FSP FAS 142-3 removes the requirement of SFAS 142,“Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” for an entity to consider, when determining the useful life of an acquired intangible asset, whether the intangible asset can be renewed without substantial cost or material modifications to the existing terms and conditions associated with the intangible asset. FSP FAS 142-3 replaces the previous useful-life assessment criteria with a requirement that an entity considers its own experience in renewing similar arrangements. If the entity has no relevant experience, it would consider market participant assumptions regarding renewal. FSP FAS 142-3 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting FSP FAS 142-3.
In February 2008, the FASB issued FSP No. FAS 157-2,“Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157,” or FSP 157-2, to partially defer SFAS 157. FSP 157-2 defers the effective date of SFAS 157 for nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually), to fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after November 15, 2008. The Company is currently evaluating what impact the adoption of the provisions of FSP 157-2 will have on its financial statements.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141R,“Business Combinations,” (“SFAS 141R”). This issuance retains the fundamental requirements in SFAS 141 that the acquisition method of accounting (which SFAS 141 called the purchase method) be used for all business combinations and for an acquirer to be identified for each business combination. SFAS 141R defines the acquirer as the entity that obtains control of one or more businesses in the business combination and establishes the
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acquisition date as the date that the acquirer achieves control. SFAS 141R is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2009. Though this pronouncement is not expected to have an effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, annual results of operations or cash flows, if it were to acquire another entity, it would be required to account for it in accordance with this pronouncement.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements,” (“SFAS 160”). This issuance amends Accounting Research Bulletin 51 to establish accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. SFAS 160 clarifies that a noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary is an ownership interest in the consolidated entity that should be reported as equity in the consolidated financial statements. SFAS 160 is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2009. Though this pronouncement is not expected to have an effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, annual results of operations or cash flows, if it were to acquire another entity, it would be required to account for it in accordance with this pronouncement.
Note 2. Balance Sheet Details
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Marketable Investments and Long Term Investments:
The Company considers all highly liquid investments, with an original maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase, to be cash equivalents. Investments in debt securities are accounted for as “available-for-sale” securities, carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported in other comprehensive income (loss), held for use in current operations and classified in current assets as “Marketable investments” and in long term assets as “Long term investments.”
The following is a summary of cash, cash equivalents, marketable investments and long term investments:
June 30, 2008 (in thousands) | Amortized Cost | Gross Unrealized Gains | Unrealized Losses | Fair Market Value | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 20,464 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 20,464 | |||||
Marketable investments | 75,749 | 123 | — | 75,872 | |||||||||
Long term investments | 13,400 | — | (1,922 | ) | 11,478 | ||||||||
$ | 109,613 | $ | 123 | $ | (1,922 | ) | $ | 107,814 | |||||
December 31, 2007 (in thousands) | Amortized Cost | Gross Unrealized Gains | Unrealized Losses | Fair Market Value | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 11,054 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 11,054 | |||||
Marketable investments | 88,320 | 190 | — | 88,510 | |||||||||
Long term investments | 7,429 | — | — | 7,429 | |||||||||
$ | 106,803 | $ | 190 | $ | — | $ | 106,993 | ||||||
Inventories:
Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):
June 30, 2008 | December 31, 2007 | |||||
Raw materials | $ | 4,936 | $ | 3,313 | ||
Finished goods | 3,673 | 4,220 | ||||
$ | 8,609 | $ | 7,533 | |||
Intangible Assets:
Intangible assets are principally comprised of a technology sublicense acquired in 2002, a patent sublicense acquired in 2006 and other intangibles. The components of intangible assets were as follows (in thousands):
June 30, 2008 | |||||||||
Gross Carrying Amount | Accumulated Amortization | Net Carrying Amount | |||||||
Patent sublicense | $ | 1,218 | $ | 311 | $ | 907 | |||
Technology sublicense | 538 | 328 | 210 | ||||||
Other intangibles | 185 | 176 | 9 | ||||||
Total | $ | 1,941 | $ | 815 | $ | 1,126 | |||
December 31, 2007 | |||||||||
Gross Carrying Amount | Accumulated Amortization | Net Carrying Amount | |||||||
Patent sublicense | $ | 1,218 | $ | 241 | $ | 977 | |||
Technology sublicense | 538 | 302 | 236 | ||||||
Other intangibles | 185 | 171 | 14 | ||||||
Total | $ | 1,941 | $ | 714 | $ | 1,227 | |||
For the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, amortization expense for intangible assets was $101,000 and $138,000, respectively.
Based on intangible assets recorded at June 30, 2008, and assuming no subsequent additions to, or impairment of the underlying assets, the remaining estimated annual amortization expense is expected to be as follows (in thousands):
Fiscal year ending December 31: | |||
2008 remainder | $ | 101 | |
2009 | 196 | ||
2010 | 192 | ||
2011 | 192 | ||
2012 | 158 | ||
2013 and thereafter | 287 | ||
Total | $ | 1,126 | |
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Note 3. Stock-based Compensation
The pre-tax stock-based compensation expense recognized during the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 was as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||||
Cost of sales | $ | 202 | $ | 217 | $ | 426 | $ | 449 | ||||
Sales and marketing | 410 | 401 | 850 | 848 | ||||||||
Research and development | 119 | 156 | 273 | 363 | ||||||||
General and administrative | 596 | 671 | 1,108 | 1,128 | ||||||||
Total stock-based compensation expense | $ | 1,327 | $ | 1,445 | $ | 2,657 | $ | 2,788 | ||||
Note 4. Net Income Per Share
Basic net income per share is calculated by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share is calculated by using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period increased to include the number of additional shares of common stock that would have been outstanding if the dilutive potential shares of common stock had been issued. The dilutive effect of outstanding options, Employee Stock Purchase Plan, or ESPP, shares and restricted stock units is reflected in diluted net income per share by application of the treasury stock method, which includes consideration of stock-based compensation required by SFAS No. 123(R), “Share-Based Payment (revised 2004) ,” or SFAS 123(R), and SFAS No. 128, “Earnings Per Share.”
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income and the weighted average number of shares used in computing basic and diluted net income per share (in thousands):
Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||||
Numerator: | ||||||||||||
Net income available to common stockholders – Basic and Diluted | $ | 661 | $ | 2,034 | $ | 119 | $ | 3,789 | ||||
Denominator: | ||||||||||||
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding used in computing basic net income per share | 12,764 | 13,610 | 12,753 | 13,413 | ||||||||
Dilutive potential common shares used in computing diluted net income per share | 701 | 1,056 | 704 | 1,242 | ||||||||
Total weighted-average number of shares used in computing diluted net income per share | 13,465 | 14,666 | 13,457 | 14,655 | ||||||||
Anti-dilutive securities
The following number of outstanding options, prior to the application of the treasury stock method, were excluded from the computation of diluted net income per common share for the periods presented because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect (in thousands):
Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||
Options to purchase common stock | 1,942 | 625 | 1,786 | 591 |
Note 5. Service Contract Revenue
Service contract revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the period of the applicable service contract. The deferred service contract revenue balances as of June 30, 2008 and June 30, 2007, were as follows (in thousands):
June 30, 2008 | June 30, 2007 | |||||||
Balance at December 31, 2007 and 2006 | $ | 10,564 | $ | 6,652 | ||||
Add: Payments received | 5,253 | 4,012 | ||||||
Less: Revenue recognized | (3,982 | ) | (2,821 | ) | ||||
Balance at June 30, 2008 and 2007 | $ | 11,835 | $ | 7,843 | ||||
Costs incurred under service contracts during the three months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, amounted to $1.2 million and $566,000, respectively. Costs incurred under service contracts during the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, amounted to $2.2 million and $1.0 million, respectively. All service contract costs are recognized as incurred.
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Note 6. Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive income (loss) generally represents all changes in stockholders’ equity except those resulting from investments or contributions by stockholders. The Company’s unrealized gain (loss) on marketable and long term investments represents the only component of other comprehensive income (loss) that is excluded from net income (loss). The changes in components of other comprehensive income (loss) for the periods presented are as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||||||||
Net income | $ | 661 | $ | 2,034 | $ | 119 | $ | 3,789 | ||||||||
Unrealized loss on marketable and long term investments | (347 | ) | (54 | ) | (1,989 | ) | (41 | ) | ||||||||
Comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 314 | $ | 1,980 | $ | (1,870 | ) | $ | 3,748 | |||||||
Note 7. Income Taxes
The interim effective income tax rate reflects applicable United States federal and state tax rates and the tax impact of foreign operations, reduced primarily by research and development tax credits (U.S. federal income tax credits in 2007 but not in 2008) and tax exempt interest income. The interim effective income tax rate is based on management’s best estimate of the annual effective income tax rate. The decrease in the effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, to 31% and 33%, compared to 33% and 34% for the same periods in 2007, respectively, was primarily attributable to tax exempt interest income being a larger percentage of the projected pre-tax income for fiscal year 2008, compared to fiscal year 2007.
Undistributed earnings of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries of approximately $2.0 million and $1.8 million at June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, are considered to be indefinitely reinvested and, accordingly, no provision for federal and state income taxes has been provided thereon. Upon distribution of those earnings in the form of dividends or otherwise, the Company would be subject to both U.S. income taxes (subject to an adjustment for foreign tax credits) and withholding taxes payable to various foreign countries.
As of June 30, 2008, the Company had included in its Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet $1.6 million in long term income tax liability with respect to unrecognized tax benefits and accrued interest. In general, the Company’s income tax returns are subject to examination by U.S. federal tax authorities for tax years 2004 onward and by various U.S. state and foreign tax authorities for tax years 2003 onward. The Company is currently under audit by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) for federal income tax years ended December 31, 2005 and 2006. In addition, other state and international tax authorities audit the Company’s tax returns from time to time. The Company has reserved for potential adjustments to its provision for income taxes that may result from examinations by, or any negotiated agreements with, these tax authorities, and it believes that the final outcome of these examinations or agreements will not have a material effect on its results of operations. If events occur which indicate payment of these amounts is unnecessary, the reversal of the liabilities would result in the recognition of tax benefits in the period it determines the liabilities are no longer necessary. If the Company’s estimates of the federal, state, and foreign income tax liabilities are less than the ultimate assessment, a further charge to expense would result. As of June 30, 2008, the Company does not expect any unrecognized tax benefits to be paid within the next twelve months, nor can it make a reliable estimate when cash settlement with a taxing authority may occur.
Note 8. Commitments and Contingencies
Litigation
Two securities class action lawsuits were filed against the Company and two of its executive officers in April 2007 and May 2007, respectively, in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California following declines in the Company’s stock price. The plaintiffs claim to represent purchasers of the Company’s common stock from January 31, 2007 through May 7, 2007. The complaints generally allege that materially false statements and omissions were made regarding the Company’s financial prospects, and seek unspecified monetary damages. On November 1, 2007, the Court ordered the two cases consolidated. On December 17, 2007, the plaintiffs filed a consolidated, amended complaint, and on January 31, 2008, the Company filed a motion to dismiss that complaint. The Court held a hearing on this motion on May 22, 2008 but has not yet issued its ruling. The Company retains director and officer liability insurance, though there is no assurance that such insurance will cover the claims that are made or will insure the Company fully for all losses on covered claims. The Company intends to defend this case vigorously. Since the outcome of this litigation is unpredictable and not reasonably estimable, and since the Company does not believe that a significant adverse result is probable, no expense has been recorded with respect to the contingent liability associated with this matter.
A Telephone Consumer Protection Act, or TCPA, class action lawsuit was filed against the Company in January 2008 in the Illinois Circuit Court, Cook County, by Bridgeport Pain Control Center, Ltd., seeking monetary damages, injunctive relief, costs and other relief. The complaint alleges that the Company violated the TCPA by sending unsolicited advertisements by facsimile to the plaintiff and other recipients nationwide during the four-year period preceding the lawsuit without the prior express invitation or permission of the recipients. Two state law claims, limited to Illinois recipients, allege a class period of three and five years, respectively. Under the TCPA, recipients of unsolicited facsimile advertisements may be entitled to damages of $500 per violation for inadvertent violations and $1,500 per violation for knowing or willful violations. On February 22, 2008, the Company removed the case to federal court in the Northern District of Illinois, and filed its response to the complaint on February 29, 2008. Although the Company is continuing to investigate the number of facsimiles transmitted during the period for which the plaintiff seeks class certification and the number of these facsimiles that were “unsolicited” within the meaning of the TCPA, the Company expects that the number of unsolicited facsimiles could be large and potential liability may be substantial as a result. The Company retains general liability insurance, with one insurer covering the first two years of the four-year period preceding the lawsuit, and a second insurer covering the latter two years of that four-year period. The first carrier has agreed to defend the Company subject to a reservation of rights. The second carrier has declined coverage. The Company intends to defend this case vigorously. Since the outcome of this litigation is unpredictable and not reasonably estimable, and since the Company does not believe that a significant adverse result is probable, no expense has been recorded with respect to the contingent liability associated with this matter.
Other Legal Matters
In addition to the foregoing lawsuits, the Company is named from time to time as a party to product liability and other lawsuits in the normal course of its business. As of June 30, 2008, the Company is not a party to any other material pending litigation.
Facility Leases
The Company leases its office and manufacturing facility in Brisbane, California, and also leases offices in Japan, Switzerland and France under operating leases. These leases qualify for operating lease accounting treatment under SFAS No. 13. The following is a schedule of non-cancellable operating lease payments (in thousands):
Fiscal Year Ending December 31, | |||
2008 (remainder) | $ | 635 | |
2009 | 1,267 | ||
2010 | 1,258 | ||
2011 | 1,317 | ||
2012 | 1,429 | ||
2013 and thereafter | 1,544 | ||
Future minimum rental payments | $ | 7,450 | |
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Warranty Obligations
The Company provides standard one-year or two-year warranty coverage on its systems. Warranty coverage provided is for labor and parts necessary to repair the systems during the warranty period. The Company accounts for the estimated warranty cost of the standard warranty coverage as a charge to cost of revenue when revenue is recognized. The estimated warranty cost is based on historical product performance. Utilizing actual service records, the Company calculates the average service hours and parts expense per system, and applies the actual labor and overhead rates to determine the estimated warranty charge. The Company updates these estimated charges every quarter.
The following table provides the changes in the product warranty accrual for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 (in thousands):
June 30, 2008 | June 30, 2007 | |||||||
Balance at December 31, 2007 and 2006 | $ | 2,725 | $ | 3,055 | ||||
Accruals for warranties issued during the period | 2,613 | 2,361 | ||||||
Settlements made during the period | (3,001 | ) | (2,676 | ) | ||||
Balance at June 30, 2008 and 2007 | $ | 2,337 | $ | 2,740 | ||||
Purchase Commitments
The Company maintains certain open inventory purchase commitments with its suppliers to ensure a smooth and continuous supply for key components. The Company’s liability in these purchase commitments is generally restricted to a forecasted time-horizon as mutually agreed upon between the parties. This forecast time-horizon can vary among different suppliers. The Company’s open inventory purchase commitments were not material at June 30, 2008.
Income Taxes
The Company is currently under audit for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2006 by the Internal Revenue Service. In addition, other state and international tax authorities audit the Company’s tax returns from time to time. The Company has reserved for potential adjustments to its provision for income taxes that may result from examinations by, or any negotiated agreements with, these tax authorities, and it believes that the final outcome of these examinations or agreements will not have a material effect on its results of operations. If events occur which indicate payment of these amounts is unnecessary, the reversal of the liabilities would result in the recognition of tax benefits in the period the Company determines the liabilities are no longer necessary. If the Company’s estimates of the federal and state income tax liabilities are less than the ultimate assessment, a further charge to expense would result. As of June 30, 2008, the Company does not expect any unrecognized tax benefits to be paid within the next twelve months, nor can it make a reliable estimate when cash settlement with a taxing authority may occur.
Indemnifications
In the normal course of business, the Company enters into agreements that contain a variety of representations, warranties, and indemnification obligations. For example, the Company has entered into indemnification agreements with each of its directors and executive officers. In 2007, two of the Company’s executive officers were named as defendants in securities class action litigation—see Litigation section above. The Company’s exposure under its various indemnification obligations, including those under the indemnification agreements with its directors and executive officers, is unknown since the outcome of that securities litigation is unpredictable and the amount that could be payable thereunder is not reasonably estimable, and since other indemnification obligations involve future claims that may be made against the Company. The Company has not accrued or paid any amounts for any such indemnification obligations. However, the Company may record charges in the future as a result of these potential indemnification obligations, including those related to the securities class action litigation.
ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the attached financial statements and notes thereto, and with our audited financial statements and notes thereto for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007 as contained in our annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 13, 2008. This quarterly report, including the following sections, contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements include, but are not limited to, statements relating to our future financial performance, the ability to grow our business, expectations regarding new products and applications, expectations for improvements in our sales and distribution network, future capital expenditures and requirements and the impact of exchange rate volatility. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties. The cautionary statements set forth below and those contained in Part II, Item 1A – “Risk Factors” commencing on page 18, identify important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those predicted in any such forward-looking statements. The reader is cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s analysis and expectations only as of the date of this report. We undertake no obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date of this Form 10-Q.
Introduction
The Management’s Discussion and Analysis, or MD&A, is organized as follows:
• | Executive Summary. This section provides a general description and history of our business, a brief discussion of our product lines and the opportunities, trends, challenges and risks we focus on in the operation of our business. |
• | Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates. This section describes the key accounting policies that are affected by critical accounting estimates. |
• | Recent Accounting Pronouncements. This section describes the issuance and effect of new accounting pronouncements that may be applicable to us. |
• | Results of Operations. This section provides our analysis and outlook for the significant line items on our Consolidated Statements of Operations. |
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• | Liquidity and Capital Resources. This section provides an analysis of our liquidity and cash flows, as well as a discussion of our commitments that existed as of June 30, 2008. |
Executive Summary
Company Description. We are a global medical device company engaged in the design, development, manufacture, marketing and servicing of laser and other light-based aesthetics systems for practitioners worldwide. We offer easy-to-use products on three platforms—CoolGlide, Xeo and Solera—which enable physicians and other qualified practitioners to offer safe and effective aesthetic treatments to their customers.
Our corporate headquarters and U.S. operations are located in Brisbane, California, from where we conduct our manufacturing, warehousing, research, regulatory, sales, service, marketing and administrative activities. In the United States, we market, sell and service our products primarily through direct sales and service employees and through a distribution relationship with PSS World Medical Shared Services, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of PSS World Medical, or PSS, which has over 700 sales representatives serving physician offices throughout the United States. In addition, we also sell certain items, like Titan hand piece refills and marketing brochures, via the internet.
International sales are generally made through direct sales employees and through a worldwide distributor network in approximately 35 countries worldwide. Outside the United States, we have a direct sales presence in Australia, Canada, France, Japan, Spain, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Products. Our revenue is derived from the sale of Products, Upgrades, Service and Titan hand piece refills. Product revenue represents the sale of a system which consists of one or more hand pieces and a console that incorporates a universal graphic user interface, a laser and/or other light-based module, control system software and high voltage electronics. However, depending on the application, the laser or other light-based module is sometimes contained in the hand piece instead of in the console. We offer our customers the ability to select the system that best fits their practice at the time of purchase and then to cost-effectively add applications as their practice grows. This enables customers to upgrade their systems whenever they want and provides us with a source of recurring revenue, which we classify as Upgrade revenue. Service revenue relates to amortization of pre-paid service contract revenue and receipts for services on out-of-warranty products. Titan hand piece refill revenue is associated with our Titan hand piece, which requires a periodic “refilling” process, which includes the replacement of the optical source after a set number of pulses have been used.
Significant Business Trends. We believe that our revenue growth has been, and will continue to be, primarily attributable to the following:
• | Investments made in our global sales and marketing infrastructure. |
• | Continuing introduction of new aesthetic products and applications. |
• | Marketing to physicians outside the core dermatologist and plastic surgeon specialties. |
• | Generating Service and Titan hand piece refill revenue from our growing installed base of customers. |
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, compared to the same periods in 2007, our U.S. revenue decreased by 18% and 20%, respectively. In comparison, in the three and six months ended June 30, 2007, compared to the same periods in 2006, our U.S. revenue decreased by 8% and 1%, respectively. We believe the decrease in U.S. revenue growth rates during the first half of 2008 was primarily attributable to an economic slowdown, which caused physicians to delay their decisions to purchase capital equipment and which led to lower-than-expected productivity from our North American sales team.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, compared to the respective periods in the prior year, our international revenue increased by 41% and 34%, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2007, compared to the same periods in 2006, our international revenue increased by 10% and 17%. The increase in international revenue growth was primarily attributable to the continuing investments in our international sales distribution channels. These efforts have resulted in increased revenue from several of our geographic locations, with growth primarily sourced from Australia, Canada and emerging global markets.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, our gross margin declined to 63% and 62%, compared to 67% in the same periods of 2007. This decrease in gross margin was primarily attributable to:
• | Higher Service revenue, as a percentage of total revenue, which has a lower gross margin than our other revenue categories; |
• | Increased international revenue from countries where we sell through distributors, which has a lower gross margin than our direct revenue; and |
• | Reduced leverage of our fixed operating costs in the first quarter of 2008, due to lower than expected revenue. |
Sales and marketing expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, compared to the same periods in 2007, increased by $1.2 million and $2.5 million, respectively. This increase was primarily attributable to higher personnel related expenses related to our international sales and distribution network and higher international advertising and promotions expenses. As a percentage of revenue, sales and marketing expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, increased to 42% and 45%, respectively, compared to 39% in the same periods in 2007. This increase in sales and marketing expenses as a percentage of revenue was primarily attributable to lower than expected revenue in the U.S.
Our general and administrative expenses increased slightly in the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, compared to the respective periods in 2007, due primarily to higher legal fees associated with defending the class action lawsuits. For details relating to these lawsuits, see Part II, Item 1 “Legal Proceedings.”
Factors that May Impact Future Performance
Our industry is impacted by numerous competitive, regulatory and other significant factors. Our industry is highly competitive and our success depends on our ability to compete successfully. Additionally, the growth of our business relies on our ability to continue to develop new products and innovative technologies, obtain regulatory clearances for our products, protect the proprietary technology of our products and our manufacturing processes, manufacture our products cost effectively, and successfully market and distribute our products in a profitable manner. If we fail to compete effectively, fail to continue to develop new products and technologies, fail to obtain regulatory clearances, fail to protect our intellectual property, fail to produce our products cost effectively, or fail to market and distribute our products in a profitable manner, our business could suffer. A detailed discussion of these and other factors that could impact our future performance are provided in Part II, Item 1A “Risk Factors” section.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The accounting policies that we consider to be critical, subjective, or requiring complex judgments in their application are summarized in “Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 filed with the SEC on March 13, 2008. There have been no significant changes during the six months ended June 30, 2008 to the items that we disclosed as our critical accounting policies and estimates in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007, except for the items discussed below.
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Fair Value Measurements
With effect from January 1, 2008, we adopted the fair value measurement provisions of SFAS, No. 157. This statement does not require any new fair value measurements. More specifically, SFAS No. 157 emphasizes that fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement, and sets out a fair value hierarchy, which ranks the quality and reliability of the information used to determine fair value. SFAS No. 157 was effective January 1, 2008 for financial assets and liabilities and will be effective January 1, 2009 for non-financial assets and liabilities. For details on the adoption of SFAS No. 157 for financial assets and liabilities, see Note 1 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. We are currently evaluating the effect, if any, of the adoption of this statement for non-financial assets and liabilities on our financial condition and results of operations.
At June 30, 2008, total financial assets measured and recognized at fair value were $107.8 million and of these assets, $11.5 million, or 11%, were financial assets that were measured and recognized using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). There were no non-financial assets or liabilities measured at fair value as of June 30, 2008. Our financial assets were either AAA or Aa3 rated municipal bonds with an auction interest rate reset feature, known as auction rate securities, or ARS.
The ARS held, were guaranteed either by the Federal Family Education Loan Program, or FFELP, or the Maine Education Loan Authority, or MELA, and were issued for the purpose of financing student loans. ARS have historically traded at par and are redeemable at par plus accrued interest at the option of the issuer. Interest is typically paid at the end of each auction period. Until February 2008, the market for the Company’s ARS was highly liquid. Starting in February 2008, a substantial number of auctions “failed,” meaning that there was not enough demand to sell all of the securities that holders desired to sell at auction. The immediate effect of a failed auction is that such holders cannot sell the securities at auction and the interest rate on the security generally resets to a maximum interest rate. In the case of funds invested by us in ARS which are the subject of a failed auction, we may not be able to access the funds without a loss of principal, unless a future auction of these investments are successful or the issuers redeem the securities. As of June 30, 2008, we classified the ARS investment balance as long term investments because of our belief that it could take more than one year before they are readily marketable. In addition, we also modified our current investment strategy and increased our investments in more liquid money market funds.
Given observable ARS market information was not available to determine the fair value of our ARS, we compared the fair value of our securities to a model using the discount rate adjustment technique as well as transaction data and bid-ask spread data for other similar illiquid securities from a secondary market. In determining the fair value using the discount rate adjustment technique, there were several significant assumptions, including:
• | Projected interest income (3.0% to 3.85%) and principal payments through the legal maturity of the securities. |
• | Market risk adjusted discount rate, which was based on the ‘London Inter-Bank Offered Rate’ of 2.5% as of June 30, 2008 adjusted for an expected yield premium of approximately 200 basis points to compensate for the current lack of liquidity resulting from failing auctions for such securities. |
• | No default or credit risk adjustments to the discount rate, given the ARS in our portfolio were all AAA or Aa3 rated by a nationally recognized rating agency, collateralized by student loans and repayment of the underlying obligations guaranteed by either a U.S. federal or municipal government institution. |
While our valuation model was based on both Level 2 (credit quality and interest rates) and Level 3 inputs, we determined that the Level 3 inputs were the most significant to the overall fair value measurement, particularly the estimates of risk adjusted discount rates. See Note 1 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for definitions of Level 2 and Level 3 inputs. Based on the results of our fair value measurement, the net carrying value of our ARS as of March 31, 2008 was $11.5 million, which was classified as “Long term investments” on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The valuation of the ARS investment portfolio is subject to uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Factors that may impact the valuation of our ARS portfolio in the future include, changes to credit ratings of the securities, as well as to the underlying assets supporting those securities, rates of default of the underlying assets, underlying collateral value, discount rates, counterparty risk and ongoing strength and quality of market credit and liquidity.
Based on the results of our fair value measurement relating to our ARS, we recognized an unrealized loss of $1.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008, which was included in “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).” We determine when an investment is other-than-temporarily impaired by performing quarterly reviews of our portfolio of investments. If the cost of an investment exceeds its fair value, in making the judgment of whether there has been an other-than-temporary impairment, we consider available quantitative and qualitative evidence, including, among other factors, our intent and ability to hold the investment to maturity, the duration and extent to which the fair value is less than cost, specific adverse conditions related to the financial health of and business outlook for the investee and rating agency actions. Once a decline in fair value is determined to be other-than-temporary, we record an impairment charge to our statement of operations and a new cost basis in the investment is established. As of June 30, 2008, we determined the loss in value of our ARS to be temporary, given it resulted primarily from the liquidity risk (rather than credit risk), and we anticipate realizing the par value of our ARS because we intend to hold them until they are redeemed or until they can be sold in a market that facilitates orderly transactions.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 162, “The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles,” orSFAS 162. SFAS 162 identifies the sources of accounting principles and the framework for selecting the principles to be used in the preparation of financial statements that are presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. This Statement is effective 60 days following the SEC’s approval of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board amendments to AU Section 411,“The Meaning of Present Fairly in Conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.” We do not expect SFAS 162 to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
In April 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position, or FSP, FAS 142-3, “Determination of the Useful Life of Intangible Assets,” or FSP FAS 142-3. FSP FAS 142-3 removes the requirement of SFAS 142,“Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” for an entity to consider, when determining the useful life of an acquired intangible asset, whether the intangible asset can be renewed without substantial cost or material modifications to the existing terms and conditions associated with the intangible asset. FSP FAS 142-3 replaces the previous useful-life assessment criteria with a requirement that an entity considers its own experience in renewing similar arrangements. If the entity has no relevant experience, it would consider market participant assumptions regarding renewal. FSP FAS 142-3 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. We are currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting FSP FAS 142-3.
In February 2008, the FASB issued FSP No. FAS 157-2,“Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157,” or FSP 157-2, to partially defer SFAS 157. FSP 157-2 defers the effective date of SFAS 157 for nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually), to fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after November 15, 2008. We are currently evaluating what impact the adoption of the provisions of FSP 157-2 will have on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141R, “Business Combinations,” or SFAS 141R. This issuance retains the fundamental requirements in SFAS 141 that the acquisition method of accounting (which SFAS 141 called the purchase method) be used for all business combinations and for an acquirer to be identified for each business combination. SFAS 141R defines the acquirer as the entity that obtains control of one or more businesses in the business combination and establishes the acquisition date as the date that the acquirer achieves control. SFAS 141R is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2009. Though this pronouncement is not expected to have an effect on our consolidated financial position, annual results of operations or cash flows, if we were to acquire another entity, we would be required to account for it in accordance with this pronouncement.
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In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160,“Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements,” or SFAS 160. This issuance amends Accounting Research Bulletin 51 to establish accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. SFAS 160 clarifies that a noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary is an ownership interest in the consolidated entity that should be reported as equity in the consolidated financial statements. SFAS 160 is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2009. Though this pronouncement is not expected to have an effect on our consolidated financial position, annual results of operations or cash flows, if it were to acquire another entity, we would be required to account for it in accordance with this pronouncement.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth selected consolidated financial data for the periods indicated, expressed as a percentage of net revenue.
Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||||
Consolidated Statement of Operations- Operating Ratios: | ||||||||||||
Net revenue | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | ||||
Cost of revenue | 37 | % | 33 | % | 38 | % | 33 | % | ||||
Gross margin | 63 | % | 67 | % | 62 | % | 67 | % | ||||
Operating expenses: | ||||||||||||
Sales and marketing | 42 | % | 39 | % | 45 | % | 39 | % | ||||
Research and development | 8 | % | 8 | % | 8 | % | 8 | % | ||||
General and administrative | 12 | % | 12 | % | 13 | % | 12 | % | ||||
Total operating expenses | 62 | % | 59 | % | 66 | % | 59 | % | ||||
Income (loss) from operations | 1 | % | 8 | % | (4 | )% | 8 | % | ||||
Interest and other income, net | 3 | % | 5 | % | 4 | % | 4 | % | ||||
Income before income taxes | 4 | % | 13 | % | 0 | % | 12 | % | ||||
Provision for income taxes | 1 | % | 4 | % | 0 | % | 4 | % | ||||
Net income | 3 | % | 9 | % | 0 | % | 8 | % | ||||
Net Revenue
Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | 2008 | % Change | 2007 | 2008 | % Change | 2007 | ||||||||||||||||
Revenue mix by geography: | ||||||||||||||||||||||
United States | $ | 12,383 | (18 | )% | $ | 15,124 | $ | 24,768 | (20 | )% | $ | 30,970 | ||||||||||
International | 12,371 | 41 | % | 8,749 | 21,604 | 34 | % | 16,160 | ||||||||||||||
Consolidated total revenue | $ | 24,754 | 4 | % | $ | 23,873 | $ | 46,372 | (2 | )% | $ | 47,130 | ||||||||||
United States as a percentage of total revenue | 50 | % | 63 | % | 53 | % | 66 | % | ||||||||||||||
International as a percentage of total revenue | 50 | % | 37 | % | 47 | % | 34 | % | ||||||||||||||
Revenue mix by product category: | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Products | $ | 18,364 | 4 | % | $ | 17,694 | $ | 33,690 | (6 | )% | $ | 36,011 | ||||||||||
Product upgrades | 2,154 | (26 | )% | 2,897 | 4,385 | (9 | )% | 4,819 | ||||||||||||||
Service | 2,686 | 30 | % | 2,060 | 5,391 | 36 | % | 3,976 | ||||||||||||||
Titan handpiece refills | 1,550 | 27 | % | 1,222 | 2,906 | 25 | % | 2,324 | ||||||||||||||
Consolidated total revenue | $ | 24,754 | 4 | % | $ | 23,873 | $ | 46,372 | (2 | )% | $ | 47,130 | ||||||||||
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, compared to the same periods in 2007, our U.S. revenue decreased by 18% and 20%, respectively. In comparison, in the three and six months ended June 30, 2007, compared to the same periods in 2006, our U.S. revenue decreased by 8% and 1%, respectively. We believe the decrease in U.S. revenue growth rates during the first half of 2008 was primarily attributable to an economic slowdown, which caused physicians to delay their decisions to purchase capital equipment and which led to lower-than-expected productivity from our North American sales team. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, compared to the respective periods in the prior year, our international revenue increased by 41% and 34%, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2007, compared to the same periods in 2006, our international revenue increased by 10% and 17%. The increase in international revenue growth was primarily attributable to the continuing investments in our international sales distribution channels. These efforts have resulted in increased revenue from several of our geographic locations, with growth primarily sourced from Australia, Canada and emerging global markets.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, compared to the same periods in 2007, our Product revenue increased by 4% and decreased by 6%, respectively. This reflects the higher international sales of our multi-application Xeo and CoolGlide products, increased revenue from our Pearl application included in systems sold, offset by slower revenue growth in the U.S. due to an economic slowdown. Our Product upgrade revenue in the second quarter and six months ended June 30, 2008, compared to the same periods in 2007, decreased by 26% and 9%, respectively. This was primarily attributable to reduced Product upgrade revenue from our Pearl product, which was launched in the second quarter ended June 30, 2006 which was the result of the increased revenue in that period. Our Service revenue increased by 30% and 36% in the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, compared to the same periods in 2007, due primarily to the increased installed base of customers purchasing extended service contracts. Our Titan handpiece refills revenue growth of 27% and 25% in the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, compared to the same periods in 2007, was due primarily to an increase in sales of Titan XL refills and because this has a higher average selling price than our Titan V and S.
Gross Profit
Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | 2008 | % Change | 2007 | 2008 | % Change | 2007 | ||||||||||||||||
Gross profit | $ | 15,483 | (3 | )% | $ | 15,963 | $ | 28,882 | (8 | )% | $ | 31,439 | ||||||||||
As a percentage of total revenue | 63 | % | 67 | % | 62 | % | 67 | % |
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Our cost of revenue consists primarily of material, labor, stock-based compensation, royalty expense, warranty and manufacturing overhead expenses. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, our gross margin declined to 63% and 62%, respectively, compared to 67% in the respective periods of 2007. This decrease in gross margin was primarily attributable to:
• | Higher Service revenue, as a percentage of total revenue, which has a lower gross margin than our other revenue categories; |
• | Increased international revenue from countries where we sell through distributors, which has a lower gross margin than our direct revenue; and |
• | Reduced leverage of our fixed operating costs in the first quarter of 2008, due to lower than expected revenue. |
Sales and Marketing
Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | 2008 | % Change | 2007 | 2008 | % Change | 2007 | ||||||||||||||||
Sales and marketing | $ | 10,361 | 13 | % | $ | 9,190 | $ | 20,710 | 13 | % | $ | 18,253 | ||||||||||
As a percentage of total revenue | 42 | % | 39 | % | 45 | % | 39 | % |
Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of labor, stock-based compensation, expenses associated with customer-attended workshops and trade shows, and advertising. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, compared to the respective periods in 2007, sales and marketing expenses increased by $1.2 million and $2.5 million, respectively. This increase in expenses was primarily attributable to $772,000 and $1.4 million of higher personnel and travel related expenses resulting from the increased headcount in international sales and marketing in the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, compared to the same periods in the prior year, respectively. As a percentage of revenue, sales and marketing expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, increased to 42% and 45%, respectively, compared to 39% in the same periods in 2007. This increase in sales and marketing expenses as a percentage of revenue was primarily attributable to lower than expected revenue in the U.S.
Research and Development (R&D)
Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | 2008 | % Change | 2007 | 2008 | % Change | 2007 | ||||||||||||||||
Research and development | $ | 2,004 | 4 | % | $ | 1,923 | $ | 3,789 | 3 | % | $ | 3,671 | ||||||||||
As a percentage of total revenue | 8 | % | 8 | % | 8 | % | 8 | % |
Research and development expenses consist primarily of labor, stock-based compensation, clinical, regulatory and material costs. In the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, R&D expenses increased slightly from the same periods in the prior year and were 8% of net revenue for each of those periods. The slight increase in R&D expenses was a result of $114,000 and $75,000 of higher employee expenses, due to increased engineering headcount, and consultant fees incurred in the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, compared to the same periods in the prior year.
General and Administrative (G&A)
Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | 2008 | % Change | 2007 | 2008 | % Change | 2007 | ||||||||||||||||
General and Administrative | $ | 3,023 | 4 | % | $ | 2,900 | $ | 5,964 | 1 | % | $ | 5,918 | ||||||||||
As a percentage of total revenue | 12 | % | 12 | % | 13 | % | 12 | % |
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of labor, stock-based compensation, legal fees, accounting, audit and tax consulting fees, and other general and administrative expenses. In the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, compared to the respective periods in 2007, G&A expenses increased by $123,000 and $46,000. This increase was primarily attributable to higher professional consulting fees related to legal, accounting and tax related matters of $381,000 and $538,000, offset by lower personnel related expenses of $208,000 and $328,000, in the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, compared to the same periods in the prior years, respectively.
In April and May 2007, two securities class action lawsuits were filed against us and were later consolidated into one lawsuit. Given that we retain director and officer liability insurance with a deductible, this litigation is not expected to have a material impact on our general and administrative expenses in the second half of 2008. In addition, in January 2008, a federal Telephone Consumer Protection Act, or TCPA, class action lawsuit was filed against us. We have not accrued for any potential liability associated with these lawsuits. For additional details relating to these lawsuits see Part II, Item 1 “Legal Proceedings.”
Interest and Other Income, Net
Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | 2008 | % Change | 2007 | 2008 | % Change | 2007 | ||||||||||||
Interest and other income, net | $ | 857 | (23 | )% | $ | 1,108 | $ | 1,758 | (17 | )% | $ | 2,110 |
Interest and other income, net, decreased by 23% and 17% in the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2007, due primarily to reduced tax-exempt interest yields resulting primarily from the federal reserve cutting interest rates in 2007 and 2008. Additionally, we had a lower average invested balance in the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, of $108.1 million and $108.4 million, compared to $113.3 million and $111.8 million in the same periods in 2007, respectively.
Provision for Income Taxes
Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | 2008 | Change | 2007 | 2008 | Change | 2007 | ||||||||||||||||||
Income before income taxes | $ | 952 | $ | (2,106 | ) | $ | 3,058 | $ | 177 | $ | (5,530 | ) | $ | 5,707 | ||||||||||
Provision for income taxes | 291 | (733 | ) | 1,024 | 58 | (1,860 | ) | 1,918 | ||||||||||||||||
Effective tax rate | 31 | % | 33 | % | 33 | % | 34 | % |
Our interim effective income tax rate reflects applicable United States federal and state tax rates and the tax impact of foreign operations, offset primarily by research
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and development tax credits (U.S. federal income tax credits in 2007 but not in 2008) and tax exempt interest income. The interim effective income tax rate is based on management’s best estimate of the annual effective income tax rate. The decrease in the effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, to 31% and 33%, compared to 33% and 34% for the same periods in 2007, respectively, was primarily attributable to tax exempt interest income being a larger percentage of the projected pre-tax income for fiscal year 2008, compared to fiscal year 2007.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity is the measurement of our ability to meet potential cash requirements, fund the planned expansion of our operations and acquire businesses. Our sources of cash include operations, marketable investments, long term investments, stock option exercises and employee stock purchases. We actively manage our cash usage and investment of liquid cash to ensure the maintenance of sufficient funds to meet our daily needs.
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Marketable Investments and Long Term Investments Summary
The following table summarizes our cash, cash equivalents, marketable investments and long term investments (in thousands):
June 30, 2008 | December 31, 2007 | Increase/ (Decrease) | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 20,464 | $ | 11,054 | $ | 9,410 | ||||
Marketable investments | 75,872 | 88,510 | (12,638 | ) | ||||||
Long term investments | 11,478 | 7,429 | 4,049 | |||||||
Total | $ | 107,814 | $ | 106,993 | $ | 821 | ||||
Cash Flows
Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||
(Dollars in thousands) | 2008 | 2007 | |||||
Net cash flow provided by (used in): | |||||||
Operating activities | $ | 3,001 | $ | 6,759 | |||
Investing activities | 6,149 | (9,538 | ) | ||||
Financing activities | 260 | 1,390 | |||||
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | $ | 9,410 | $ | (1,389 | ) | ||
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
We generated net cash from operating activities of $3.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008, which was primarily attributable to:
• | $3.3 million generated from net income of $119,000 after adjusting for non-cash related items primarily consisting of $2.7 million of stock-based compensation, depreciation and amortization of $451,000 and other items of $27,000, net; |
• | $1.4 million of cash generated from the collection of the higher accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2007; |
• | $1.3 million of cash generated due to an increase in deferred revenue resulting primarily from higher service contract revenue; offset by |
• | $1.9 million used to pay down the higher year-end accrued liabilities relating primarily to personnel expenses of $304,000, net reduction of $959,000 of the income tax payable due to the payment of the 2007 year-end income tax liability, and $563,000 relating to the reduction in accrued warranty costs due primarily to fewer units remaining under warranty; |
• | $1.1 million cash used as a result of an increase in inventories due to the lower than expected revenue in the first half of 2008 and to ramp up production of new products. |
We generated net cash from operating activities of $6.8 million in the six months ended June 30, 2007, which was primarily attributable to:
• | $3.8 million generated by net income adjusted for non-cash related items of $4.2 million, net, (primarily $2.8 million of stock-based compensation and $664,000, net, of tax benefit from stock option exercises); |
• | $1.2 million generated by an increase in deferred revenue, due primarily to an increase in customers purchasing prepaid service contracts; offset by |
• | $1.7 million of cash used to increase inventories, in preparation for the higher anticipated product shipments in the second half of 2007; and |
• | $807,000 used to pay down the higher year-end accrued liabilities, which resulted partially from increased revenue in the fourth quarter of 2006. |
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
We generated $6.1 million of cash from investing activities in the six months ended June 30, 2008, which was primarily generated from:
• | $50.9 million in net proceeds from the sales and maturities of marketable investments due to an attempt to reduce our exposure to the auction rate and variable rate demand note markets during the six months ended June 30, 2008; offset by |
• | $44.5 million of cash used to purchase marketable and long term investments; and |
• | $221,000 cash used to purchase property and equipment primarily for the research and development function. |
We used $9.5 million of cash in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2007. This was primarily attributable to:
• | $44.7 million of cash used to purchase marketable investments from the cash generated by operations, sales and maturities of investments; |
• | $758,000 cash used to purchase property and equipment for primarily marketing and research and development functions; offset by $35.9 million of net proceeds from the sales and maturities of marketable investments. |
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities in the six months ended June 30, 2008 was $260,000, which resulted from the proceeds of the issuance of stock through our stock option and employee stock purchase plans.
Net cash generated by financing activities in the six months ended June 30, 2007 was $1.4 million, which was attributable to $3.1 million proceeds from the issuance of stock through our stock option and employee stock purchase plans, $833,000 from the excess tax benefits relating to the sale of these options, partially offset by $2.5 million of cash used to repurchase and retire shares of our common stock pursuant to a stock repurchase program.
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Adequacy of cash resources to meet future needs
We had cash, cash equivalents, marketable investments and long term investments of $107.8 million as of June 30, 2008. Of this amount, we had $11.5 million invested in student loan ARS that were rated AAA or Aa3 by a major credit rating agency and are either commercially insured or guaranteed by the FFELP or MELA. These securities were classified under the caption of “Long term investments” in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. These ARS provide liquidity via an auction process that resets the applicable interest rate at predetermined calendar intervals, generally every 35 days — though auctions for our MELA securities are held every 360 days. Auctions for these securities have been failing since February 2008 due to the current overall credit concerns in capital markets. Upon an auction failure, the interest rates do not reset at a market rate but instead reset based on a formula contained in the security prospectus, which rate is generally higher than the current market rate. The failure of the auctions impacts our ability to readily liquidate our ARS into cash until a future auction of these investments is successful or the auction rate security is refinanced by the issuer into another type of debt instrument. Based on our ability to access our cash, cash equivalents and other short term marketable investments and our expected operating cash flows, we do not anticipate the current lack of liquidity on these investments will affect our ability to operate our business as usual over the next twelve months.
Contractual Cash Obligations
The following summarizes our contractual obligations as of June 30, 2008 for minimum lease payments related to facility leases in California, Japan, Switzerland and France.
Payments Due by Period (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||
Total | Less Than 1 Year | 1-3 Years | 3-5 Years | More Than 5 Years | |||||||||||
Operating leases | $ | 7,450 | $ | 1,303 | $ | 2,517 | $ | 2,858 | $ | 772 |
Income Tax Liability
As of June 30, 2008, we have included in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet $1.6 million in long term income tax liability with respect to unrecognized tax benefits and accrued interest. As of June 30, 2008, the Company does not expect any unrecognized tax benefits to be paid within the next twelve months, nor can it make a reliable estimate when cash settlement with a taxing authority may occur. As a result, this amount is not included in the Contractual Obligations table above.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not participate in transactions that generate relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance, variable interest or special purpose entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. As of June 30, 2008, we were not involved in any unconsolidated transactions.
Indemnifications
In the normal course of business, we enter into agreements that contain a variety of representations, warranties, and indemnification obligations. For example, we have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and executive officers. In 2007, two of our executive officers were named as defendants in securities class action litigation—see Part II, Item 2—Legal Proceedings. Our exposure under the various indemnification obligations, including those under the indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers, is unknown since the outcome of the securities litigation is unpredictable and the amount that could be payable thereunder is not reasonably estimable, and since other indemnification obligations involve future claims that may be made against us. We have not accrued or paid any amounts for any such indemnification obligations. However, we may record charges in the future as a result of these potential indemnification obligations, including those related to the securities class action litigation.
ITEM 3. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK |
Our exposure to interest rate risk relates primarily to our investment portfolio. Fixed rate securities may have their fair market value adversely impacted due to fluctuations in interest rates, while floating rate securities may produce less income than expected if interest rates fall. Due in part to these factors, our future investment income may fall short of expectation due to changes in interest rates or we may suffer losses in principal if forced to sell securities which have declined in market value due to changes in interest rates. The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal while at the same time maximizing yields without significantly increasing risk. To achieve this objective, we invest in debt instruments of the U.S. Government and its agencies, municipal bonds and high-quality corporate issuers, and, by policy, restrict our exposure to any single corporate issuer by imposing concentration limits. To minimize the exposure due to adverse shifts in interest rates, we maintain investments at a weighted average maturity (interest reset date for ARS and variable rate demand notes) of generally less than eighteen months. Assuming a hypothetical increase in interest rates of one percentage point, the fair value of our total investment portfolio as of June 30, 2008 would have potentially declined by $1.9 million.
We have international subsidiaries and operations and are, therefore, subject to foreign currency rate exposure. To date, our exposure to exchange rate volatility has not been significant. We cannot assure that there will not be a material impact in the future. Although the majority of our sales and purchases are denominated in U.S. dollars, future fluctuations in the value of the U.S. dollar may affect the price competitiveness of our products. We do not believe, however, that we currently have significant direct foreign currency exchange rate risk and have not hedged exposures denominated in foreign currencies.
We do not utilize derivative financial instruments, derivative commodity instruments or other market risk sensitive instruments, positions or transactions in any material fashion.
ITEM 4. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES |
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Attached as exhibits to this Quarterly Report are certifications of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO), which are required in accordance with Rule 13a-14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act). This Controls and Procedures section includes the information concerning the controls evaluation referred to in the certifications, and it should be read in conjunction with the certifications for a more complete understanding of the topics presented.
The Company conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in the Rules 13a-15(e) and
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15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) (Disclosure Controls) as of the end of the period covered by this Report required by Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(b) or 15d-15(b). The controls evaluation was conducted under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the CEO and CFO. Based on this evaluation, the CEO and our CFO have concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this report the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level.
Definition of Disclosure Controls
Disclosure Controls are controls and procedures designed to reasonably assure that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports filed under the Exchange Act, such as this Report, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure Controls are also designed to reasonably assure that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. The Company’s Disclosure Controls include components of its internal control over financial reporting, which consists of control processes designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of its financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. To the extent that components of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting are included within its Disclosure Controls, they are included in the scope of the Company’s annual controls evaluation.
Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls
The Company’s management, including the CEO and CFO, does not expect that the Company’s disclosure controls or internal control over financial reporting will prevent all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Controls can also be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 1. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS |
Two securities class action lawsuits were filed against us and two of our executive officers in April 2007 and May 2007, respectively, in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California following declines in our stock price. The plaintiffs claim to represent purchasers of our common stock from January 31, 2007 through May 7, 2007. The complaints generally allege that materially false statements and omissions were made regarding our financial prospects, and seek unspecified monetary damages. On November 1, 2007, the Court ordered the two cases consolidated. On December 17, 2007, the plaintiffs filed a consolidated, amended complaint, and on January 31, 2008, we filed a motion to dismiss that complaint. The Court held a hearing on our motion on May 22, 2008 but has not yet issued its ruling. We intend to defend this case vigorously. Although we retain director and officer liability insurance, there is no assurance that such insurance will cover the claims that are made or will insure us fully for all losses on covered claims. Since the outcome of this litigation is unpredictable and is not reasonably estimable, and since we do not believe that a significant adverse result for us is probable, no expense has been recorded with respect to the contingent liability associated with this matter.
A Telephone Consumer Protection Act, or TCPA, class action lawsuit was filed against us in January 2008 in the Illinois Circuit Court, Cook County, by Bridgeport Pain Control Center, Ltd., seeking monetary damages, injunctive relief, costs and other relief. The complaint alleges that we violated the TCPA by sending unsolicited advertisements by facsimile to the plaintiff and other recipients nationwide during the four-year period preceding the lawsuit without the prior express invitation or permission of the recipients. Two state law claims, limited to Illinois recipients, allege a class period of three and five years, respectively. Under the TCPA, recipients of unsolicited facsimile advertisements may be entitled to damages of $500 per violation for inadvertent violations and $1,500 per violation for knowing or willful violations. On February 22, 2008, we removed the case to federal court in the Northern District of Illinois, and filed our response to the complaint on February 29, 2008. Although we are continuing to investigate the number of facsimiles transmitted during the period for which the plaintiff seeks class certification and the number of these facsimiles that were “unsolicited” within the meaning of the TCPA, we expect that the number of unsolicited facsimiles could be large and potential liability may be substantial as a result. We retain general liability insurance, with one insurer covering the first two years of the four-year period preceding the lawsuit, and a second insurer covering the latter two years of that four-year period. The first carrier has agreed to defend us subject to a reservation of rights. The second carrier has declined coverage. We intend to defend this case vigorously. Since the outcome of this litigation is unpredictable and not reasonably estimable, and since we do not believe that a significant adverse result is probable, no expense has been recorded with respect to the contingent liability associated with this matter.
ITEM 1A. | RISK FACTORS |
The initiatives that we are implementing in an effort to improve our sales productivity, revenue and income could be unsuccessful, which could harm our business and may further depress the price of our stock.
In an effort to improve our revenue and income levels, we have implemented several strategic initiatives, including the restructuring of our North American sales professionals.
We believe these initiatives should improve our revenue and income. However, these initiatives may not be successful for several reasons: they may lead to employee turnover; there are no assurances that we can hire and train new sales employees; and our efforts to improve our sales productivity may result in instability to our operations, causing harm to our business and a further decline in our stock price.
Our revenue and earnings are difficult to predict and our decision to not provide public guidance could harm our business, and our stock price might become more volatile and could decline.
We historically provided guidance to the investment community regarding our anticipated future operating performance, both for the coming quarters and fiscal year.
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However, beginning with the release of our earnings for the quarter ended September 30, 2007, we have discontinued our practice of providing financial guidance.
Due to our decision to not provide public guidance, if, in the future, our actual results are below the expectations of third party financial analysts, our business could be harmed, the volatility of our stock price could increase, and our stock price could decline significantly as a result.
We have many new sales professionals in our sales team. If we are unable to effectively train, retain and manage these employees, our ability to manage and expand our business will be harmed, which would impair our future revenue and profitability.
Many of our sales professionals and sales managers on our sales team have been in their respective roles for about a year or less. Our experience is that new sales professionals are at higher risk for employee turnover and generally take two to three quarters to achieve effective productivity levels. Our success largely depends on our ability to manage and improve the productivity levels of our sales professionals and worldwide distribution network. If we fail to manage, or do not improve the productivity of, any material part of that network, including the North American sales team, this could lead to reduced revenue and employee turnover, which could materially harm our business. If we experience significant levels of attrition among our sales professionals or our sales managers, our revenue and profitability may be adversely affected as a result.
To successfully market and sell our products internationally, we must address many issues with which we have little or no experience.
Our international revenue has increased as a percentage of our total revenue and represented approximately 50% and 47% of our revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, respectively, in contrast to 37% and 34% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2007, respectively. Increasing our revenue from international customers, is a material component of our growth strategy. We depend on third-party distributors and a relatively new direct sales operation to sell our products internationally, and if these distributors or direct sales personnel underperform, we may be unable to increase or maintain our level of international revenue. We will need to expand the territories in which we sell our products and attract additional international distributors to grow our business. Distributors may not accept our business or commit the necessary resources to market and sell our products to the level of our expectations. If current or future distributors do not perform adequately, or if we are unable to engage distributors in particular geographic areas, we may not be able to realize international revenue growth. Additionally, we expect to expand our direct sales force in Europe and Asia. If we are unable to hire, retain and obtain satisfactory performance from such additional personnel, our revenue from international operations may be adversely affected.
We believe that an increasing amount of our future revenue will come from international sales as we expand our overseas operations and develop opportunities in additional international territories. International sales are subject to a number of risks, including:
• | Difficulties in staffing and managing our foreign operations; |
• | Difficulties in penetrating markets in which our competitors’ products are more established; |
• | Reduced protection for intellectual property rights in some countries; |
• | Export restrictions, trade regulations and foreign tax laws; |
• | Fluctuating foreign currency exchange rates; |
• | Foreign certification and regulatory requirements; |
• | Lengthy payment cycles and difficulty in collecting accounts receivable; |
• | Customs clearance and shipping delays; |
• | Political and economic instability; |
• | Lack of awareness of our brand in international markets; and |
• | Preference for locally-produced products. |
If one or more of these risks were realized, it could require us to dedicate significant resources to remedy the situation, and if we were unsuccessful at finding a solution, our revenue may decline.
We may incur substantial expenses if our practices are shown to have violated the Telephone Consumer Protection Act.
We had previously used facsimiles to disseminate commercial information about our business to customers and potential customers. In February 2008, we adopted a policy of sending commercial facsimiles only to our customers and others with whom we have an existing business relationship.
Under the federal Telephone Consumer Protection Act recipients of unsolicited facsimile “advertisements” may be entitled to damages of $500 per violation for inadvertent violations and $1,500 per violation for knowing or willful violations.
In January 2008, a TCPA class action lawsuit was filed against us in the Illinois Circuit Court, Cook County, by Bridgeport Pain Control Center, Ltd., seeking monetary damages, injunctive relief, costs and other relief. The complaint alleges that we violated the TCPA by sending unsolicited advertisements by facsimile to the plaintiff and other recipients nationwide during the four-year period preceding the lawsuit without the prior express invitation or permission of the recipients. Two state law claims, limited to Illinois recipients, allege a class period of three and five years, respectively. On February 22, 2008, we removed the case to federal court in the Northern District of Illinois, and filed our response to the complaint on February 29, 2008. Although we are continuing to investigate the number of facsimiles transmitted during the period for which the plaintiff seeks class certification and the number of these facsimiles that were “unsolicited” within the meaning of the TCPA, we expect the number of unsolicited facsimiles could be large and potential liability may be substantial as a result.
We retain general liability insurance, with one carrier covering the first two years of the four-year period preceding the lawsuit, and a second carrier covering the latter two years of that four-year period. The first carrier has agreed to defend us subject to a reservation of rights. The second carrier has declined coverage. There is no assurance that these insurance policies will cover the claims that are made or will insure us fully for all losses.
We intend to defend this lawsuit vigorously, including the plaintiff’s allegations seeking class certification, but litigation is subject to numerous uncertainties and we are unable to predict the ultimate outcome of this matter. Even if we prevail in this lawsuit, other individual or class action claims may be brought against us alleging violations of the TCPA. Moreover, the amount of any potential liability in connection with this lawsuit will depend, to a large extent, on whether a class in this type of action is certified and, if one is certified, on the scope of the class, neither of which we can predict at this time.
We have not recorded a liability related to this lawsuit. However, we may determine in the future that an accrual is required, and we may be required to pay damages in
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respect of this lawsuit out of our transmission of facsimiles, any of which could materially and adversely affect our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition. Regardless of the outcome, this lawsuit may cause us to incur significant expenses and divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations.
We compete against companies that have longer operating histories, more established products and greater resources, each of which may prevent us from achieving significant market penetration or increased operating results.
Our industry is subject to intense competition. Our products compete against similar products offered by public companies, such as Candela, Cynosure, Elen (in Italy), Iridex, Palomar, Syneron and Thermage, as well as private companies such as Alma, Aesthera, Lumenis, Reliant, Sciton and several other companies. Additional competitors may enter the market, and we are likely to compete with new companies in the future. Competition with these companies could result in price-cutting, reduced profit margins and loss of market share, any of which would harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. We also face competition from medical products, such as Botox, an injectable compound used to reduce wrinkles, and collagen injections. Other alternatives to the use of our products include sclerotherapy, a procedure involving the injection of a solution into the vein to collapse it, electrolysis, a procedure involving the application of electric current to eliminate hair follicles, and chemical peels. We may also face competition from manufacturers of pharmaceutical and other products that have not yet been developed. Our ability to compete effectively depends upon our ability to distinguish our company and our products from our competitors and their products, and includes such factors as:
• | Intellectual property protection; |
• | Product performance; |
• | Product pricing; |
• | Quality of customer support; |
• | Success and timing of new product development and introductions; and |
• | Development of successful distribution channels, both domestically and internationally. |
Some of our competitors have more established products and customer relationships than we do, which could inhibit our market penetration efforts. For example, we have encountered, and expect to continue to encounter, situations where, due to pre-existing relationships, potential customers decided to purchase additional products from our competitors. Potential customers also may need to recoup the cost of expensive products that they have already purchased from our competitors and may decide not to purchase our products, or to delay such purchases. If we are unable to achieve continued market penetration, we will be unable to compete effectively and our business will be harmed.
In addition, some of our current and potential competitors have significantly greater financial, research and development, business development, manufacturing, and sales and marketing resources than we have. Our competitors could utilize their greater financial resources to acquire other companies to gain enhanced name recognition and market share, as well as new technologies or products that could effectively compete with our existing product lines. To compete effectively, we have to demonstrate that our products are attractive alternatives to other devices and treatments by differentiating our products on the basis of performance, brand name, service and price. Our competitors could form strategic alliances with other companies to develop products and solutions that effectively compete with our products. For example, Palomar and Syneron have each entered into agreements with Proctor and Gamble for the proposed development of home-use aesthetic devices. And Syneron entered into an agreement with Obagi Medical Products to study the effects of using Obagi’s skin care products during treatments with Syneron aesthetic devices. Business combinations and alliances by our competitors could increase competition, which could harm our business.
Competition among providers of laser and other energy-based devices for the aesthetic market is characterized by rapid innovation, and we must continuously develop or acquire new products and successfully introduce them or our revenue may decline.
Some of our competitors release new products more often and more successfully than we do. For example, in the second half of 2007, revenue from sales of our new Pearl product to new customers did not meet our expectations, although revenue from sales of Pearl upgrades to existing customers grew significantly. We believe that, to increase revenue from sales of new products and related upgrades, we need to continue developing our clinical support and increasing market awareness of the benefits of those new products. If we fail to successfully commercialize any of our products, our business could be harmed.
While we attempt to protect our products through patents and other intellectual property, there are few barriers to entry that would prevent new entrants or existing competitors from developing products that compete directly with ours. For example, while our CoolGlide product was the first long-pulse Nd:YAG, or long wavelength, laser system cleared by the FDA for permanent hair reduction on all skin types, competitors have subsequently introduced systems that utilize Nd:YAG lasers, and received FDA clearances to market these products as treating all skin types. We expect that any competitive advantage we may enjoy from other current and future innovations, such as combining multiple hand pieces in a single system to perform a variety of applications, may diminish over time, as companies successfully respond to our, or create their own, innovations. Consequently, we believe that we will have to continuously innovate and improve our products and technology to compete successfully. If we are unable to innovate successfully, our products could become obsolete and our revenue could decline as our customers and prospects purchase our competitors’ products.
Our ability to compete effectively depends upon our ability to innovate, to develop, acquire and commercialize new products and product enhancements, and to identify new markets for our technology.
We have created products to apply our technology to hair removal, treatment of veins and skin rejuvenation, including the treating of diffuse redness, skin laxity, fine lines, skin texture, pore size and pigmented lesions. Currently, these applications represent the majority of laser and other energy-based aesthetic procedures. To continue growing in the future, we must develop and acquire new and innovative aesthetic applications, identify new markets for our existing technology, and develop and acquire new technology from various platforms. To successfully expand our product offerings, we must, among other things:
• | Develop or acquire new products that either add to or significantly improve our current products; |
• | Convince our customers and prospective customers that our new products or upgrades would be an attractive revenue-generating addition to their practices; |
• | Sell our products to a broad customer base; |
• | Identify new markets and alternative applications for our technology; |
• | Protect our existing and future products with defensible intellectual property; and |
• | Satisfy and maintain all regulatory requirements for commercialization. |
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Every year since 2000, we have introduced at least one new product. Historically, these introductions have been a significant component of our financial performance. Our business strategy is based, in part, on our expectation that we will continue to make annual product introductions that we can sell to new customers and to existing customers as upgrades. Even with a significant investment in research and development, we may be unable to continue to develop or acquire new products and technologies annually, or at all, which could adversely affect our projected growth rate.
If there is not sufficient demand for the procedures performed with our products, practitioner demand for our products could be inhibited, resulting in unfavorable operating results and reduced growth potential.
Continued expansion of the global market for laser-and other energy-based aesthetic procedures is a material assumption of our growth strategy. Most procedures performed using our products are elective procedures not reimbursable through government or private health insurance, with the costs borne by the patient. The decision to utilize our products may therefore be influenced by a number of factors, including:
• | The cost of procedures performed using our products; |
• | The cost, safety and effectiveness of alternative treatments, including treatments which are not based upon laser- or other energy-based technologies and treatments which use pharmaceutical products; |
• | The success of our sales and marketing efforts; |
• | Consumer confidence and disposable income, which may be impacted by political and macroeconomic conditions, such as recession, continuing increases in energy and food prices, high unemployment rates, increased interest rates and subprime mortgage failures; and |
• | The education of our customers and patients on the benefits and uses of our products, compared to competitors’ products and technologies. |
If, as a result of these factors, there is not sufficient demand for the procedures performed with our products, practitioner demand for our products could be reduced, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, revenue and result of operations.
If PSS World Medical fails to perform to our expectations, we may fail to achieve anticipated operating results.
We have a distribution agreement with PSS World Medical. PSS sales professionals work in coordination with our sales force to locate new customers for our products throughout the United States. For the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, approximately 14% and 15% of our revenue came from PSS, respectively. Although we have dedicated additional sales professionals to work closely with, and increase the focus and attention on, our PSS relationship, it may take time for the increase in resources to result in an improvement in revenue from our PSS relationship. In addition, we can provide no assurances that the increased focus on PSS will translate into increased revenue for us. Further, if PSS does not perform adequately under the arrangement, or terminates our relationship, it may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Two securities class action lawsuits were filed against us in April and May 2007, respectively, based upon the decreases in our stock price following the announcement of our preliminary first quarter 2007 revenue and earnings, and the announcement of our revised 2007 guidance. Defending ourselves against this litigation could distract management and harm our business.
Two class action lawsuits were filed against us following declines in our stock price in the spring of 2007. On November 1, 2007, the court ordered the two cases consolidated. We will incur legal costs as a result of this litigation. Although we retain director and officer liability insurance, there can be no guarantee that such insurance will cover the claims that are made or will insure us fully for all losses on covered claims. This litigation may distract our management and consume resources that would otherwise have been directed toward operating our business. Each of these factors could harm our business.
We hold auction-rate securities (ARS) in our portfolio of investments. Due to failed auctions for some of our auction rate investments since February 2008, we are unable to readily liquidate our ARS into cash, future earnings could be reduced if we have to take an impairment charge, our business could be harmed and our stock price could decline significantly as a result.
We invest our excess cash primarily in money market funds and in highly liquid debt instruments of the U.S. government and its agencies, U.S. municipalities, and in bonds of high-quality corporate issuers. At June 30, 2008, we had marketable securities of $75.9 million and $11.5 million of ARS, which are classified under the caption of ‘Long term investments’ in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. These ARS provide liquidity via an auction process that resets the applicable interest rate at predetermined calendar intervals, generally every 35 days — though auctions for some of the securities are held every 360 days. However, since February 2008, auctions for each of our investments in ARS have failed due to the current overall credit concerns in capital markets. Upon an auction failure, the interest rates do not reset at a market rate but instead reset based on a formula contained in the security, which rate is generally higher than the current market rate. The failure of the auctions impacts our ability to readily liquidate our ARS into cash until a future auction of these investments is successful or the auction rate security is refinanced by the issuer into another type of debt instrument.
If in the future we are unable to liquidate our investments in ARS or there is an other-than-temporary impairment in their market value, our future earnings would be reduced if we have to take an impairment charge, our business could be harmed and our stock price could decline significantly as a result.
Any acquisitions that we make could disrupt our business and harm our financial condition.
We expect to evaluate potential strategic acquisitions of complementary businesses, products or technologies. We may also consider joint ventures and other collaborative projects. We may not be able to identify appropriate acquisition candidates or strategic partners, or successfully negotiate, finance or integrate any businesses, products or technologies that we acquire. Furthermore, the integration of any acquisition and management of any collaborative project may divert management’s time and resources from our core business and disrupt our operations and we may incur significant legal, accounting ad banking fees in connection with such a transaction. In addition, if we purchase a company that is not profitable, our cash balances may be reduced or depleted, to fund such company’s business. We do not have any experience as a team with acquiring companies or products. If we decide to expand our product offerings beyond laser and other energy-based products, we may spend time and money on projects that do not increase our revenue. Any cash acquisition we pursue would diminish our available cash balances to us for other uses, and any stock acquisition could be dilutive to our stockholders.
While we from time to time evaluate potential collaborative projects and acquisitions of businesses, products and technologies, and anticipate continuing to make these evaluations, we have no present understandings, commitments or agreements with respect to any material acquisitions or collaborative projects.
The price of our common stock may fluctuate substantially. We have a limited number of shares of common stock outstanding, a large portion of which is held by a small number of investors, which could result in the increase in volatility of our stock price.
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As of June 30, 2008, approximately 58% of our outstanding shares of common stock were held by ten institutional investors. As a result of our relatively small public float, our common stock may be less liquid than the stock of companies with broader public ownership. Among other things, trading of a relatively small volume of our common stock may have a greater impact on the trading price for our shares than would be the case if our public float were larger.
The public market price of our common stock has in the past fluctuated substantially and, given the current concentration of stockholders, may continue to do so in the future. The market price for our common stock could also be affected by a number of other factors, including:
• | Sales of large blocks of our common stock, including sales by our executive officers, directors and our large institutional investors; |
• | Quarterly variations in our, or our competitors’, results of operations; |
• | Changes in analysts’ estimates, investors’ perceptions, recommendations by securities analysts or our failure to achieve analysts’ estimates; |
• | The announcement of new products or service enhancements by us or our competitors; |
• | The announcement of the departure of a key employee or executive officer; |
• | Regulatory developments or delays concerning our, or our competitors’ products; |
• | The initiation of litigation by us or one of our competitors; and |
• | General market conditions and other factors unrelated to our operating performance or the operating performance of our competitors. Actual or perceived instability in our stock price could reduce demand from potential buyers of our stock, thereby causing our stock price to decline. |
We may be involved in future costly intellectual property litigation, which could impact our future business and financial performance.
Our competitors or other patent holders may assert that our present or future products and the methods we employ are covered by their patents. In addition, we do not know whether our competitors own or will obtain patents that they may claim prevent, limit or interfere with our ability to make, use, sell or import our products. Although we may seek to resolve any potential future claims or actions, we may not be able to do so on reasonable terms, or at all. If, following a successful third-party action for infringement, we cannot obtain a license or redesign our products, we may have to stop manufacturing and selling the applicable products and our business would suffer as a result. In addition, a court could require us to pay substantial damages, and prohibit us from using technologies essential to our products, any of which would have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We may become involved in litigation not only as a result of alleged infringement of a third party’s intellectual property rights but also to protect our own intellectual property. For example, we have been, and may hereafter become, involved in litigation to protect the trademark rights associated with our company name or the names of our products. Infringement and other intellectual property claims, with or without merit, can be expensive and time-consuming to litigate, and could divert management’s attention from our core business.
Intellectual property rights may not provide adequate protection for some or all of our products, which may permit third parties to compete against us more effectively.
We rely on patent, copyright, trade secret and trademark laws and confidentiality agreements to protect our technology and products. At June 30, 2008, we had ten issued U.S. patents. Some of our components, such as our laser module, electronic control system and high-voltage electronics, are not, and in the future may not be, protected by patents. Additionally, our patent applications may not issue as patents or, if issued, may not issue in a form that will be advantageous to us. Any patents we obtain may be challenged, invalidated or legally circumvented by third parties. Consequently, competitors could market products and use manufacturing processes that are substantially similar to, or superior to, ours. We may not be able to prevent the unauthorized disclosure or use of our technical knowledge or other trade secrets by consultants, vendors, former employees or current employees, despite the existence generally of confidentiality agreements and other contractual restrictions. Monitoring unauthorized uses and disclosures of our intellectual property is difficult, and we do not know whether the steps we have taken to protect our intellectual property will be effective. Moreover, the laws of many foreign countries will not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States.
The absence of complete intellectual property protection exposes us to a greater risk of direct competition. Competitors could purchase one of our products and attempt to replicate some or all of the competitive advantages we derive from our development efforts, design around our protected technology, or develop their own competitive technologies that fall outside of our intellectual property rights. If our intellectual property is not adequately protected against competitors’ products and methods, our competitive position and our business could be adversely affected.
If we fail to obtain or maintain necessary FDA clearances for our products and indications, if clearances for future products and indications are delayed or not issued, if there are federal or state level regulatory changes or if we are found to have violated applicable FDA marketing rules, our commercial operations would be harmed.
Our products are medical devices that are subject to extensive regulation in the United States by the FDA for manufacturing, labeling, sale, promotion, distribution and shipping. Before a new medical device, or a new use of or labeling claim for an existing product, can be marketed in the United States, it must first receive either 510(k) clearance or pre-marketing approval from the FDA, unless an exemption applies. Either process can be expensive and lengthy. In the event that we do not obtain FDA clearances or approvals for our products, our ability to market and sell them in the United States and revenue derived therefrom may be adversely affected.
Medical devices may be marketed in the United States only for the indications for which they are approved or cleared by the FDA. For example, we have FDA clearance to market our Titan product in the United States only for deep dermal heating, and are therefore prevented from promoting or advertising Titan in the United States for any other indications. If we fail to comply with these regulations, it could result in enforcement action by the FDA which could lead to such consequences as warning letters, adverse publicity, criminal enforcement action and/or third-party civil litigation, each of which could adversely affect us.
We have obtained 510(k) clearance for the indications for which we market our products. However, our clearances can be revoked if safety or effectiveness problems develop. We also are subject to Medical Device Reporting regulations, which require us to report to the FDA if our products cause or contribute to a death or serious injury, or malfunction in a way that would likely cause or contribute to a death or serious injury. Our products are also subject to state regulations, which are, in many instances, in flux. Changes in state regulations may impede sales. For example, federal regulations allow our products to be sold to, or on the order of, “licensed practitioners,” as determined on a state-by-state basis. As a result, in some states, non-physicians may legally purchase our products. However, a state could change its regulations at any time, thereby disallowing sales to particular types of end users. We cannot predict the impact or effect of future legislation or regulations at the federal or state levels.
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The FDA and state authorities have broad enforcement powers. If we fail to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, it could result in enforcement action by the FDA or state agencies, which may include any of the following sanctions:
• | Warning letters, fines, injunctions, consent decrees and civil penalties; |
• | Repair, replacement, recall or seizure of our products; |
• | Operating restrictions or partial suspension or total shutdown of production; |
• | Refusing our requests for 510(k) clearance or pre-market approval of new products, new intended uses, or modifications to existing products; |
• | Withdrawing 510(k) clearance or pre-market approvals that have already been granted; and |
• | Criminal prosecution. If any of these events were to occur, it could harm our business. |
If we fail to comply with the FDA’s Quality System Regulation and laser performance standards, our manufacturing operations could be halted, and our business would suffer.
We are currently required to demonstrate and maintain compliance with the FDA’s Quality System Regulation, or QSR. The QSR is a complex regulatory scheme that covers the methods and documentation of the design, testing, control, manufacturing, labeling, quality assurance, packaging, storage and shipping of our products. Because our products involve the use of lasers, our products also are covered by a performance standard for lasers set forth in FDA regulations. The laser performance standard imposes specific record-keeping, reporting, product testing and product labeling requirements. These requirements include affixing warning labels to laser products, as well as incorporating certain safety features in the design of laser products. The FDA enforces the QSR and laser performance standards through periodic unannounced inspections. Our failure to take satisfactory corrective action in response to an adverse QSR inspection or our failure to comply with applicable laser performance standards could result in enforcement actions, including a public warning letter, a shutdown of our manufacturing operations, a recall of our products, civil or criminal penalties, or other sanctions, such as those described in the preceding paragraph, which would cause our sales and business to suffer.
If we modify one of our FDA-approved devices, we may need to seek re-approval, which, if not granted, would prevent us from selling our modified products or cause us to redesign our products.
Any modifications to an FDA-cleared device that would significantly affect its safety or effectiveness or that would constitute a major change in its intended use would require a new 510(k) clearance or possibly a pre-market approval. We may not be able to obtain additional 510(k) clearance or pre-market approvals for new products or for modifications to, or additional indications for, our existing products in a timely fashion, or at all. Delays in obtaining future clearance would adversely affect our ability to introduce new or enhanced products in a timely manner, which in turn would harm our revenue and future profitability.
We have made modifications to our devices in the past and may make additional modifications in the future that we believe do not or will not require additional clearance or approvals. If the FDA disagrees, and requires new clearances or approvals for the modifications, we may be required to recall and to stop marketing the modified devices, which could harm our operating results and require us to redesign our products.
We may be unable to obtain or maintain international regulatory qualifications or approvals for our current or future products and indications, which could harm our business.
Sales of our products outside the United States are subject to foreign regulatory requirements that vary widely from country to country. In addition, exports of medical devices from the United States are regulated by the FDA. Complying with international regulatory requirements can be an expensive and time-consuming process and approval is not certain. The time required to obtain clearance or approvals, if required by other countries, may be longer than that required for FDA clearance or approvals, and requirements for such clearances or approvals may significantly differ from FDA requirements. We may be unable to obtain or maintain regulatory qualifications, clearances or approvals in other countries. We may also incur significant costs in attempting to obtain and in maintaining foreign regulatory approvals or qualifications. If we experience delays in receiving necessary qualifications, clearances or approvals to market our products outside the United States, or if we fail to receive those qualifications, clearances or approvals, we may be unable to market our products or enhancements in international markets effectively, or at all, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and growth strategy.
The expense and potential unavailability of insurance coverage for our customers could adversely affect our ability to sell our products, and therefore our financial condition.
Some of our customers and prospective customers have had difficulty in procuring or maintaining liability insurance to cover their operation and use of our products. Medical malpractice carriers are withdrawing coverage in certain states or substantially increasing premiums. If this trend continues or worsens, our customers may discontinue using our products and potential customers may opt against purchasing laser and other energy- based products due to the cost or inability to procure insurance coverage. The unavailability of insurance coverage for our customers and prospects could adversely affect our ability to sell our products, and that could harm our financial condition.
Because we do not require training for users of our products, and sell our products at times to non-physicians, there exists an increased potential for misuse of our products, which could harm our reputation and our business.
Federal regulations allow us to sell our products to or on the order of “licensed practitioners.” The definition of “licensed practitioners” varies from state to state. As a result, our products may be purchased or operated by physicians with varying levels of training, and in many states, by non-physicians, including nurse practitioners, chiropractors and technicians. Outside the United States, many jurisdictions do not require specific qualifications or training for purchasers or operators of our products. We do not supervise the procedures performed with our products, nor do we require that direct medical supervision occur. We and our distributors generally offer but do not require product training to the purchasers or operators of our products. In addition, we sometimes sell our systems to companies that rent our systems to third parties and that provide a technician to perform the procedures. The lack of training and the purchase and use of our products by non-physicians may result in product misuse and adverse treatment outcomes, which could harm our reputation and our business, and, in the event these result in product liability litigation, distract management and subject us to liability, including legal expenses.
Product liability suits could be brought against us due to a defective design, material or workmanship or misuse of our products and could result in expensive and time-consuming litigation, payment of substantial damages and an increase in our insurance rates.
If our products are defectively designed, manufactured or labeled, contain defective components or are misused, we may become subject to substantial and costly litigation by our customers or their patients. Misusing our products or failing to adhere to operating guidelines could cause significant eye and skin damage, and underlying tissue damage. In addition, if our operating guidelines are found to be inadequate, we may be subject to liability. We have been involved, and may in the future be involved, in litigation related to the use of our products. Product liability claims could divert management’s attention from our core business, be expensive to defend and result in sizable damage awards against us. We may not have sufficient insurance coverage for all future claims. We may not be able to obtain insurance in amounts or scope sufficient to provide us with adequate coverage against all potential liabilities. Any product liability claims brought against us, with or without merit, could increase our product liability insurance rates or prevent us from securing continuing coverage, could harm our reputation in the industry and could reduce product sales. In addition, we have been experiencing steep increases in our product liability insurance premiums. If our premiums continue to rise, we may no longer be able to afford adequate insurance coverage.
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If we are unable to maintain adequate insurance coverage, or we have product liability claims in excess of our insurance coverage, claims would be paid out of cash reserves, thereby harming our financial condition, operating results and profitability.
Our manufacturing operations are dependent upon third-party suppliers, making us vulnerable to supply shortages and price fluctuations, which could harm our business.
Many of the components and materials that comprise our products are currently manufactured by a limited number of suppliers. A supply interruption or an increase in demand beyond our current suppliers’ capabilities could harm our ability to manufacture our products until a new source of supply is identified and qualified. Our reliance on these suppliers subjects us to a number of risks that could harm our business, including:
• | Interruption of supply resulting from modifications to or discontinuation of a supplier’s operations; |
• | Delays in product shipments resulting from uncorrected defects, reliability issues or a supplier’s variation in a component; |
• | A lack of long term supply arrangements for key components with our suppliers; |
• | Inability to obtain adequate supply in a timely manner, or on reasonable terms; |
• | Difficulty locating and qualifying alternative suppliers for our components in a timely manner; |
• | Production delays related to the evaluation and testing of products from alternative suppliers and corresponding regulatory qualifications; and, |
• | Delay in supplier deliveries. |
Any interruption in the supply of components or materials, or our inability to obtain substitute components or materials from alternate sources at acceptable prices in a timely manner, could impair our ability to meet the demand of our customers, which would have an adverse effect on our business.
Components used in our products are complex in design, and any defects may not be discovered prior to shipment to customers, which could result in warranty obligations that would reduce our revenue and increase our cost.
In manufacturing our products, we depend upon third parties for the supply of various components. Many of these components require a significant degree of technical expertise to produce. If our suppliers fail to produce components to specification, or if the suppliers, or we, use defective materials or workmanship in the manufacturing process, the reliability and performance of our products will be compromised.
If our products contain defects that cannot be repaired easily and inexpensively, we may experience:
• | Loss of customer orders and delay in order fulfillment; |
• | Damage to our brand reputation; |
• | Increased cost of our warranty program due to product repair or replacement; |
• | Inability to attract new customers; |
• | Diversion of resources from our manufacturing and research and development departments into our service department; and |
• | Legal action. |
The occurrence of any one or more of the foregoing could materially harm our business.
We forecast sales to determine requirements for components and materials used in our products and if our forecasts are incorrect, we may experience either delays in shipments or increased inventory costs.
We keep limited materials and components on hand. To manage our manufacturing operations with our suppliers, we forecast anticipated product orders and material requirements to predict our inventory needs up to twelve months in advance and enter into purchase orders on the basis of these requirements. Our limited historical experience may not provide us with enough data to accurately predict future demand. If our business expands, our demand for components and materials would increase and our suppliers may be unable to meet our demand. If we overestimate our component and material requirements, we will have excess inventories, which would increase our expenses. If we underestimate our component and material requirements, we may have inadequate inventories, which could interrupt, delay or prevent delivery of our products to our customers. Any of these occurrences would negatively affect our financial performance and the level of satisfaction our customers have with our business.
Lack of demand for our products in the non-core market would harm our anticipated revenue growth.
Most of our revenue in the United States is derived from sales to customers outside of the core dermatologist and plastic surgeon specialties, such as family practitioners, primary care physicians, gynecologists and medi-spas. Continuing to achieve further penetration into this market is a material assumption of our growth strategy.
Demand for our products in the non-core market could be weakened by several factors including poor financial performance of businesses introducing aesthetic procedures to their practice or medi-spas, reduced patient demand for alternative treatments and services being provided by non-core practitioners and an increase in malpractice lawsuits against non-core practitioners. If we do not achieve anticipated demand for our products in the non-core market, our revenue may be adversely impacted.
We depend on skilled and experienced personnel to operate our business effectively. If we are unable to recruit, hire and retain these employees, our ability to manage and expand our business will be harmed, which would impair our future revenue and profitability.
Our success largely depends on the skills, experience and efforts of our officers and other key employees. We do not have employment contracts with any of our officers or other key employees. Any of our officers and other key employees may terminate their employment at any time. We do not have a succession plan in place for each of our officers and key employees. In addition, we do not maintain “key person” life insurance policies covering any of our employees. The loss of any of our senior management team members could weaken our management expertise and harm our business.
Our ability to retain our skilled labor force and our success in attracting and hiring new skilled employees are critical factors in determining whether we will be successful in the future. We may not be able to meet our future hiring needs or retain existing personnel. We will face particularly significant challenges and risks in hiring, training, managing and retaining engineering and sales and marketing employees. Failure to attract and retain personnel, particularly technical and sales and marketing personnel, would materially harm our ability to compete effectively and grow our business.
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Our profit margins may vary over time.
Our profit margins may be adversely affected by a number of factors, including decreases in our shipment volume, reductions in, or obsolescence of, our inventory, shifts in our product mix and increased expenses associated with repairing defective products covered by our warranty program. In addition, the competitive market environment in which we operate may adversely affect pricing for our products. Because we own most of our manufacturing capacity, a significant portion of our operating costs are fixed. If we experience a decrease in shipment volume, or have to reduce our pricing to remain competitive, or experience a greater than expected failure rate for any of our products, our gross and operating margins will be adversely impacted.
We are subject to fluctuations in the exchange rate of the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies.
We do not actively hedge our exposure to currency rate fluctuations. While we transact business primarily in U.S. Dollars, and a significant proportion of our revenue is denominated in U.S. Dollars, a portion of our costs and revenue is denominated in other currencies, such as the Euro, Japanese Yen, Australian Dollar, Canadian Dollar and British Pound Sterling. As a result, changes in the exchange rates of these currencies to the U.S. Dollar will affect our net income.
We are exposed to fluctuations in the market values of our portfolio investments and in interest rates.
Our investment portfolio consists of both high investment grade corporate and municipal securities that have a maximum effective maturity of up to two years. In addition to bonds, we have investments in ARS whose interest rates reset generally every 35 days — though auctions for some of the ARS are held every 360 days. The longer the duration of a security, the more susceptible it is to changes in market interest rates and bond yields. As yields increase, those securities with a lower yield-at-cost show a mark-to-market unrealized loss. For example, assuming a hypothetical increase in interest rates of one percentage point, the fair value of our total investment portfolio as of June 30, 2008 would have potentially decreased by $1.9 million, resulting in an unrealized loss that would subsequently adversely impact our earnings. As a result, changes in the market interest rates will affect our future net income.
Anti-takeover provisions in our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws, and Delaware law, contain provisions that could discourage a takeover.
Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws, and Delaware law, contain provisions that might enable our management to resist a takeover, and might make it more difficult for an investor to acquire a substantial block of our common stock. These provisions include:
• | A classified board of directors; |
• | Advance notice requirements to stockholders for matters to be brought at stockholder meetings; |
• | A supermajority stockholder vote requirement for amending certain provisions of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws; |
• | Limitations on stockholder actions by written consent; and |
• | The right to issue preferred stock without stockholder approval, which could be used to dilute the stock ownership of a potential hostile acquirer. |
These provisions might discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company or a change in our management. The existence of these provisions could adversely affect the voting power of holders of common stock and limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock.
Our effective income tax rate may vary significantly.
Unanticipated changes in our tax rates could affect our future results of operations. Our future effective tax rates could be unfavorably affected by changing interpretations of existing tax laws or regulations, changes in estimates of prior years’ items, unanticipated decreases in the amount of revenue or earnings in countries with low statutory tax rates, changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, future levels of research and development spending, approval of the law by the U.S. Congress with respect to the federal research and development tax credit, deductions for employee stock option exercises being different from what we projected, and changes in overall levels of income before taxes.
The quarterly royalty payments under our patent license with Palomar are subject to an annual audit. Any material adjustments from this audit could result in a material adverse effect on our business and our stock price.
We pay royalties to Palomar after each fiscal quarter for applicable product sales made in that quarter. These royalty amounts are subject to an annual review by an independent public accountant hired by Palomar. The independent public accountant’s interpretation of the applicable royalty rate for any new products, or combination of products, and the net revenue from which to calculate the royalty, could be different from ours. In the event that the independent public accountant’s assessment of the accuracy of our estimated royalty payments to Palomar is materially different from our calculations, we could owe a higher amount to Palomar than we accrued for, and would then have to report it as an additional expense in our financial statements for the applicable period. This could result in a material adverse effect on our business and stock price.
We have not paid dividends in the past and do not expect to pay dividends in the future, and any return on investment may be limited to the value of our stock.
We have never paid cash dividends on our common stock and do not currently anticipate paying cash dividends on our common stock. The payment of dividends on our common stock will depend on our earnings, financial condition and other business and economic factors affecting us at such time as our board of directors may consider relevant. If we do not pay dividends, our stock may be less valuable because a return on investment will only occur if our stock price appreciates.
ITEM 2. | UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS |
We did not sell any equity securities during the period covered by this report.
ITEM 3. | DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES |
None.
ITEM 4. | SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS |
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The Annual Meeting of Stockholders of Cutera, Inc. was held on June 12, 2008 at the Company’s offices in Brisbane, California. Of the 12,743,553 shares of Common Stock outstanding as of April 18, 2008 (the record date), 11,996,782 shares, or 94%, were present or represented by proxy at the meeting.
1. | The table below presents the results of the election to the Company’s board of directors. |
Votes for | Votes Withheld | |||
Kevin P. Connors | 8,280,087 | 3,716,695 | ||
David A. Gollnick | 8,276,087 | 3,720,695 |
The name of each director other than Messrs. Connors and Gollnick, whose term of office as a director continued after the annual meeting of stockholders is set forth below:
• | David B. Apfelberg |
• | Annette J. Campbell-White |
• | W. Mark Lortz |
• | Timothy J. O’Shea |
• | Jerry P. Widman |
2. | The stockholders approved the adoption of the Company’s 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (as amended). This proposal received 8,158,595 votes for, 1,691,887 votes against, 15,946 abstentions and 2,130,354 non votes. |
3. | The stockholders ratified the appointment of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as the Company’s Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2008. This proposal received 11,972,657 votes for, 16,504 votes against and 7,621 abstentions. |
ITEM 5. | OTHER INFORMATION |
None.
ITEM 6. | EXHIBITS |
Exhibit No. | Description | |
3.2 (1) | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (Delaware). | |
3.4(1) | Bylaws of the Registrant. | |
4.1(2) | Specimen Common Stock certificate of the Registrant. | |
10.14(3) | Cutera, Inc. 2004 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended by its Board of Directors on April 25, 2008. | |
31.1 | Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer. | |
31.2 | Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer. | |
32.1 | Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. |
(1) | Incorporated by reference from our Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-111928) which was declared effective on March 30, 2004. | |
(2) | Incorporated by reference from our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 25, 2005. | |
(3) | Incorporated by reference from our Definitive Proxy Statement on Form 14A filed with the SEC on April 28, 2008. |
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of The Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Brisbane, State of California, on the 4th day of August, 2008.
CUTERA, INC. |
/S/ RONALD J. SANTILLI |
Ronald J. Santilli |
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |
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INDEX TO EXHIBITS
Exhibit No. | Description | |
3.2 (1) | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (Delaware). | |
3.4(1) | Bylaws of the Registrant. | |
4.1(2) | Specimen Common Stock certificate of the Registrant. | |
10.14(3) | Cutera, Inc. 2004 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended by its Board of Directors on April 25, 2008. | |
31.1 | Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer. | |
31.2 | Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer. | |
32.1 | Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. |
(1) | Incorporated by reference from our Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-111928) which was declared effective on March 30, 2004. | |
(2) | Incorporated by reference from our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 25, 2005. | |
(3) | Incorporated by reference from our Definitive Proxy Statement on Form 14A filed with the SEC on April 28, 2008. |
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