Contingencies and Commitments | 9 Months Ended |
Sep. 30, 2014 |
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract] | ' |
Contingencies and Commitments | ' |
Contingencies and Commitments |
U. S. Steel is the subject of, or party to, a number of pending or threatened legal actions, contingencies and commitments involving a variety of matters, including laws and regulations relating to the environment. Certain of these matters are discussed below. The ultimate resolution of these contingencies could, individually or in the aggregate, be material to the consolidated financial statements. However, management believes that U. S. Steel will remain a viable and competitive enterprise even though it is possible that these contingencies could be resolved unfavorably. |
U. S. Steel accrues for estimated costs related to existing lawsuits, claims and proceedings when it is probable that it will incur these costs in the future. |
Asbestos matters – As of September 30, 2014, U. S. Steel was a defendant in approximately 830 active cases involving approximately 3,460 plaintiffs. Many of these cases involve multiple defendants (typically from fifty to more than one hundred). About 2,630, or approximately 76 percent, of these plaintiff claims are currently pending in jurisdictions which permit filings with massive numbers of plaintiffs. Based upon U. S. Steel’s experience in such cases, it believes that the actual number of plaintiffs who ultimately assert claims against U. S. Steel will likely be a small fraction of the total number of plaintiffs. During the nine months ended September 30, 2014, U. S. Steel paid approximately $5 million in settlements. These settlements and other dispositions resolved approximately 110 claims. New case filings in the first nine months of 2014 added approximately 250 claims. At December 31, 2013, U. S. Steel was a defendant in approximately 720 active cases involving approximately 3,320 plaintiffs. During 2013, U. S. Steel paid approximately $11 million in settlements. These settlements and other dispositions resolved approximately 250 claims. New case filings in the year ended December 31, 2013 added approximately 240 claims. Most claims filed in 2014 and 2013 involved individual or small groups of claimants as many jurisdictions no longer permit the filing of mass complaints. |
Historically, these claims against U. S. Steel fall into three major groups: (1) claims made by persons who allegedly were exposed to asbestos at U. S. Steel facilities (referred to as “premises claims”); (2) claims made by industrial workers allegedly exposed to products manufactured by U. S. Steel; and (3) claims made under certain federal and general maritime laws by employees of former operations of U. S. Steel. In general, the only insurance available to U. S. Steel with respect to asbestos claims is excess casualty insurance, which has multi-million dollar retentions. To date, U. S. Steel has received payments for a certain minority of asbestos claims. |
These asbestos cases allege a variety of respiratory and other diseases based on alleged exposure to asbestos. U. S. Steel is currently a defendant in cases in which a total of approximately 270 plaintiffs allege that they are suffering from mesothelioma. The potential for damages against defendants may be greater in cases where the plaintiffs can prove mesothelioma. |
In many cases in which claims have been asserted against U. S. Steel, the plaintiffs have been unable to establish any causal relationship to U. S. Steel or our products or premises; however, with the decline in mass plaintiff cases, the incidence of claimants actually alleging a claim against U. S. Steel is increasing. In addition, in many asbestos cases, the plaintiffs have been unable to demonstrate that they have suffered any identifiable injury or compensable loss at all; that any injuries that they have incurred did in fact result from alleged exposure to asbestos; or that such alleged exposure was in any way related to U. S. Steel or our products or premises. |
The amount U. S. Steel has accrued for pending asbestos claims is not material to U. S. Steel’s financial position. U. S. Steel does not accrue for unasserted asbestos claims because it is not possible to determine whether any loss is probable with respect to such claims or even to estimate the amount or range of any possible losses. The vast majority of pending claims against U. S. Steel allege so-called “premises” liability-based alleged exposure on U. S. Steel’s current or former premises. These claims are made by an indeterminable number of people such as truck drivers, railroad workers, salespersons, contractors and their employees, government inspectors, customers, visitors and even trespassers. In most cases, the claimant also was exposed to asbestos in non-U. S. Steel settings; the relative periods of exposure between U. S. Steel and non-U. S. Steel settings vary with each claimant; and the strength or weakness of the causal link between U. S. Steel exposure and any injury vary widely as do the nature and severity of the injury claimed. |
U. S. Steel is unable to estimate the ultimate outcome of asbestos-related lawsuits, claims and proceedings due to the unpredictable nature of personal injury litigation. Despite this uncertainty, management believes that the ultimate resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on U. S. Steel’s financial condition, although the resolution of such matters could significantly impact results of operations for a particular quarter. Among the factors considered in reaching this conclusion are: (1) it has been many years since U. S. Steel employed maritime workers or manufactured or sold asbestos containing products, (2) most asbestos containing material was removed or remediated at U. S. Steel facilities many years ago, and (3) U. S. Steel’s history of trial outcomes, settlements and dismissals. |
Environmental matters – U. S. Steel is subject to federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations relating to the environment. These laws generally provide for control of pollutants released into the environment and require responsible parties to undertake remediation of hazardous waste disposal sites. Penalties may be imposed for noncompliance. Changes in accrued liabilities for remediation activities where U. S. Steel is identified as a named party are summarized in the following table: |
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(In millions) | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014 | | | | | | | | | |
Beginning of period | $ | 233 | | | | | | | | | | |
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Accruals for environmental remediation deemed probable and reasonably estimable | 4 | | | | | | | | | | |
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Obligations settled (a) | (19 | ) | | | | | | | | | |
End of period | $ | 218 | | | | | | | | | | |
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(a) Includes approximately $2 million as a result of the deconsolidation of USSC on September 15, 2014. See Note 4 for details. |
Accrued liabilities for remediation activities are included in the following consolidated balance sheet lines: |
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(In millions) | | September 30, 2014 | | December 31, 2013 | | | | |
Accounts payable | | $ | 17 | | | $ | 17 | | | | | |
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Deferred credits and other noncurrent liabilities | | 201 | | | 216 | | | | | |
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Total | | $ | 218 | | | $ | 233 | | | | | |
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Expenses related to remediation are recorded in cost of sales and totaled $1 million for each of the three month periods ended September 30, 2014 and 2013; and $4 million and $5 million for the nine month periods ended September 30, 2014, and September 30, 2013, respectively. It is not presently possible to estimate the ultimate amount of all remediation costs that might be incurred or the penalties that may be imposed. Due to uncertainties inherent in remediation projects and the associated liabilities, it is possible that total remediation costs for active matters may exceed the accrued liabilities by as much as 10 to 25 percent. |
Remediation Projects |
U. S. Steel is involved in environmental remediation projects at or adjacent to several current and former U. S. Steel facilities and other locations that are in various stages of completion ranging from initial characterization through post-closure monitoring. Based on the anticipated scope and degree of uncertainty of projects, we categorize projects as follows: |
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-1 | Projects with Ongoing Study and Scope Development are those projects which are still in the study and development phase. For these projects the extent of remediation that may be required is not yet known, the remediation methods and plans are not yet developed, and cost estimates cannot be determined. Therefore, significant costs, in addition to the accrued liabilities for these projects, are reasonably possible. | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-2 | Significant Projects with Defined Scope are those projects with significant accrued liabilities, a defined scope and little likelihood of material additional costs. | | | | | | | | | | | |
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-3 | Other Projects are those projects with relatively small accrued liabilities for which we believe that, while additional costs are possible, they are not likely to be significant, and those projects for which we do not yet possess sufficient information to estimate potential costs to U. S. Steel. | | | | | | | | | | | |
Projects with Ongoing Study and Scope Development – There are five environmental remediation projects where reasonably possible additional costs for completion are not currently estimable, but could be material. These projects are four Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) programs (at Fairfield Works, Lorain Tubular, USS-POSCO Industries (UPI) and the Fairless Plant) and a voluntary remediation program at the former steelmaking plant at Joliet, Illinois. As of September 30, 2014, accrued liabilities for these projects totaled $2 million for the costs of studies, investigations, interim measures, design and/or remediation. It is reasonably possible that additional liabilities associated with future requirements regarding studies, investigations, design and remediation for these projects could be as much as $25 million to $40 million. |
Significant Projects with Defined Scope – As of September 30, 2014, there are four significant projects with defined scope greater than or equal to $5 million each, with a total accrued liability of $165 million. These projects are: Gary RCRA currently accrued at $43 million, the former Geneva facility currently accrued at $64 million, the former Duluth facility St. Louis River Estuary currently accrued at $51 million, and the Solid Waste Management Unit (SWMU) #4 at UPI currently accrued at $7 million. |
Other Projects – There are four other environmental remediation projects which each had an accrued liability of between $1 million and $5 million. The total accrued liability for these projects at September 30, 2014 was $9 million. These projects have progressed through a significant portion of the design phase and material additional costs are not expected. |
The remaining environmental remediation projects each had an accrued liability of less than $1 million. The total accrued liability for these projects at September 30, 2014 was $8 million. We do not foresee material additional liabilities for any of these sites. |
Post-Closure Costs – Accrued liabilities for post-closure site monitoring and other costs at various closed landfills totaled $28 million at September 30, 2014 and were based on known scopes of work. |
Administrative and Legal Costs – As of September 30, 2014, U. S. Steel had an accrued liability of $6 million for administrative and legal costs related to environmental remediation projects. These accrued liabilities were based on projected administrative and legal costs for the next three years and have not changed significantly from year to year. |
Capital Expenditures – For a number of years, U. S. Steel has made substantial capital expenditures to bring existing facilities into compliance with various laws relating to the environment. In the first nine months of 2014 and 2013, such capital expenditures totaled $50 million and $36 million, respectively. U. S. Steel anticipates making additional such expenditures in the future; however, the exact amounts and timing of such expenditures are uncertain because of the continuing evolution of specific regulatory requirements. |
CO2 Emissions – Current and potential regulation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions remains a significant issue for the steel industry, particularly for integrated steel producers such as U. S. Steel. The regulation of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions has either become law or is being considered by legislative bodies of many nations, including countries where we have operating facilities. The European Union (EU) has established GHG regulations based upon national allocations and a cap and trade system. In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has published rules for regulating GHG emissions for certain facilities and has implemented various reporting requirements as further described below. In 2010, GHG legislation was passed in the House of Representatives and introduced in the Senate. The federal courts are considering several suits that challenge the EPA’s authority to regulate GHG emissions under the Clean Air Act (CAA). We do not know what action, if any, may be taken by the current or future sessions of Congress. |
The European Commission (EC) has created an Emissions Trading System (ETS) and starting in 2013, the ETS began to employ centralized allocation, rather than national allocation plans, that are more stringent than the previous requirements. The ETS also includes a cap designed to achieve an overall reduction of GHGs for the ETS sectors of 21% in 2020 compared to 2005 emissions and auctioning as the basic principle for allocating emissions allowances, with some transitional free allocation provided on the basis of benchmarks for manufacturing industries under risk of transferring their production to other countries with lesser constraints on greenhouse gas emissions, or what is more commonly referred to as carbon leakage. Manufacturing of sinter, coke oven products, basic iron and steel, ferro-alloys and cast iron tubes have all been recognized as exposing companies to a significant risk of carbon leakage, but the ETS is still expected to lead to additional costs for steel companies in Europe. The EU has imposed limitations under the ETS for the 2013-2020 period (Phase III) that are more stringent than those in the 2008-2012 period (NAP II), reducing the number of free allowances granted to companies to cover their CO2 emissions. |
In September of 2013, the EC issued EU wide legislation further reducing the expected free allocation for Phase III by an average of approximately 12% for the Phase III period. USSK's final allocation for the Phase III period that was approved by the EC in January 2014 is approximately 48 million allowances. Based on 2013 emission intensity levels and projected future production levels and as a result of carryover allowances from the NAP II period, we do not currently anticipate the need to purchase credits until 2019, and we currently estimate a shortfall of 14 million allowances for the Phase III period. However, due to a number of variable factors such as the future market value of allowances, future production levels and future emission intensity levels, we cannot reliably estimate the full cost of complying with the ETS regulations at this time. |
U. S. Steel entered into transactions to sell and swap a portion of our emission allowances and recognized gains related to these transactions which are reflected in the net gain on disposal of assets line in the consolidated statements of operations. U. S. Steel recognized gains of $17 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2014. There were no such similar transactions for the nine months ended September 30, 2013. |
On May 13, 2010, the EPA published its final Greenhouse Gas Tailoring Rule establishing a mechanism for regulating GHG emissions from facilities through the CAA’s Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) permitting process. U. S. Steel reported its emissions under these rules in accordance with the regulation and its deadlines. Since 2011, new projects that increase GHG emissions by more than 75,000 tons per year have new PSD requirements based on best available control technology (BACT), but only if the project also significantly increases emissions of at least one non-GHG pollutant. Only existing sources with Title V permits or new sources obtaining Title V permits for non-GHG pollutants will also be required to address GHG emissions. As of July 1, 2011, new sources not already subject to Title V requirements that emit over 100,000 tons per year, or modifications to existing permits that increase GHG emissions by more than 75,000 tons per year, are subject to PSD and Title V requirements. On November 17, 2010 the EPA issued its “PSD and Title V Permitting Guidance for Greenhouse Gases” and “Available and Emerging Technologies for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from the Iron and Steel Industry.” With this guidance, the EPA intends to help state and local air permitting authorities identify GHG reductions under the CAA. Additionally, the EPA revised the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide and lead in 2010 and is in the process of revising the NAAQS for 2.5 micron particulate matter, ozone and sulfur dioxides. |
It is not possible to estimate the timing or impact of these or other future government action on U. S. Steel, although it could be significant. Such impacts may include substantial capital expenditures, costs for emission allowances, restriction of production, and higher prices for coking coal, natural gas and electricity generated by carbon based systems. |
European Union (EU) Environmental Requirements – Slovakia is currently considering a law implementing an EU Waste Framework Directive that would more strictly regulate waste disposal and increase fees for waste disposed of in landfills including privately owned landfills. The intent of the waste directive is to encourage recycling, but because Slovakia has not adopted implementing legislation we cannot estimate the full financial impact of this prospective legislation at this time. |
The EU’s Industry Emission Directive will require implementation of EU determined best available techniques (BAT) to reduce environmental impacts as well as compliance with BAT associated emission levels. This directive includes operational requirements for air emissions, wastewater discharges, solid waste disposal and energy conservation, dictates certain operating practices and imposes stricter emission limits. Producers will be required to be in compliance with the iron and steel BAT by March 8, 2016, unless specific extensions are granted by the Slovak environmental authority. We are currently evaluating the costs of complying with BAT, but our most recent broad estimate of likely capital expenditures is $200 million to $250 million over the 2014 to 2016 period. We also believe there will be increased operating costs, such as increased energy and maintenance costs, but we are currently unable to reliably estimate them. |
We are currently investigating the possibility of obtaining EU grants to fund a portion of these capital expenditures. The EU has various programs under which funds are allocated to member states to implement broad public policies. These are being implemented in two campaigns, Operational Program 1 which covered the years 2007-2013 (OP1) and Operational Program 2 which will cover the years 2014-2020 (OP2). Each member state legislates its own framework for implementing the operational programs and administers its allocation of funds under the operational programs by offering these funds to government units and private entities for qualifying projects. USSK submitted two BAT projects under the last call of OP1. Both projects were approved for funding by the Ministry of Environment of the Slovak Republic in May 2014 in an amount not to exceed approximately €9 million (approximately $11 million). The actual amount of the grant funding received will be based on 35% of the identified eligible costs as defined in OP1 actually incurred on the projects. |
We plan to submit several additional BAT projects for EU grants as well. However, all future projects will be submitted under calls governed by OP2. The specific legislation governing OP2 has not yet been finalized by the Slovak Republic, so we are not able to accurately estimate at this time the amount of additional grant funding that we may receive, if any. |
Due to other EU legislation, we will be required to make changes to the boilers at our steam and power generation plant in order to comply with stricter air emission limits for large combustion plants. In January of 2014, the operation of USSK's boilers was approved by the EC as part of Slovakia's Transitional National Plan (TNP) for bringing all boilers in Slovakia into compliance by no later than 2020. The TNP establishes parameters for determining the date by which specific boilers are required to reach compliance with the new air standards, which has been determined to be October 2017 for our boilers. This gives us the flexibility of delaying the completion of the project to upgrade our boilers to no later than that date, although we may choose to accelerate the implementation of this project in order to qualify for supplementary support payments as part of Slovakia’s renewable energy program. This project will result in a reduction in electricity, operating, maintenance and waste disposal costs once completed. The current projected cost to reconstruct one existing boiler and build one new boiler to achieve compliance is broadly estimated at $170 million. |
Environmental and other indemnifications – Throughout its history, U. S. Steel has sold numerous properties and businesses, and many of these sales included indemnifications and cost sharing agreements related to the assets that were sold. These indemnifications and cost sharing agreements have related to the condition of the property, the approved use, certain representations and warranties, matters of title and environmental matters. While most of these provisions have not specifically dealt with environmental issues, there have been transactions in which U. S. Steel indemnified the buyer for non-compliance with past, current and future environmental laws related to existing conditions, and there can be questions as to the applicability of more general indemnification provisions to environmental matters. Most recent indemnifications and cost sharing agreements are of a limited nature only applying to non-compliance with past and/or current laws. Some indemnifications and cost sharing agreements only run for a specified period of time after the transactions close and others run indefinitely. In addition, current owners of property formerly owned by U. S. Steel may have common law claims and contribution rights against U. S. Steel for environmental matters. The amount of potential environmental liability associated with these transactions and properties is not estimable due to the nature and extent of the unknown conditions related to the properties sold. Aside from the environmental liabilities already recorded as a result of these transactions due to specific environmental remediation activities and cases (included in the $218 million of accrued liabilities for remediation discussed above), there are no other known environmental liabilities related to these transactions. |
Guarantees – The maximum guarantees of the indebtedness of unconsolidated entities of U. S. Steel totaled $29 million at September 30, 2014, which includes a $24 million current liability related to a guarantee of debt of an unconsolidated equity investment for which payment by U. S. Steel is probable. The $24 million is the maximum amount U. S. Steel would be obligated to pay as the guarantor and represents the fair value of the obligation at September 30, 2014. If any default related to the guaranteed indebtedness occurs, U. S. Steel has access to its interest in the assets of the investees to reduce its potential losses under the guarantees. |
Antitrust Class Actions – In a series of lawsuits filed in federal court in the Northern District of Illinois beginning September 12, 2008, individual direct or indirect buyers of steel products have asserted that eight steel manufacturers, including U. S. Steel, conspired in violation of antitrust laws to restrict the domestic production of raw steel and thereby to fix, raise, maintain or stabilize the price of steel products in the United States. The cases are filed as class actions and claim damages related to steel product purchases during the time period of April 1, 2005, to December 31, 2007. A Hearing on class certification was completed in April of 2014. On July 10, 2014, preliminary approval of U. S. Steel's $58 million settlement agreement was granted by the Court. By Order dated October 21, 2014, the Court entered final approval of the settlement agreement. |
EPA Region V Federal Lawsuit – On August 1, 2012, the EPA, joined by the States of Illinois, Indiana and Michigan, initiated an action in the Northern District of Indiana alleging various air regulatory violations at Gary Works, Granite City Works, and Great Lakes Works. The action also contends that Gary Works failed to obtain the proper pre-construction permit for a routine reline of its Blast Furnace No. 4 in 1990, and that the three facilities failed to meet certain operational, maintenance, opacity, and recordkeeping requirements. Statutory penalties and injunctive relief is requested. U. S. Steel believes that the claims asserted in the action are not justified and are without statutory foundation. The Court has since dismissed all claims related to the Blast Furnace No. 4 reline. Fact discovery on the remaining claims is being conducted in three phases with discovery regarding Granite City Works and Great Lakes Works now complete. U. S. Steel will continue to vigorously defend against these claims. At this time, the potential outcome on all asserted claims is not reasonably estimable. |
Other contingencies – Under certain operating lease agreements covering various equipment, U. S. Steel has the option to renew the lease or to purchase the equipment at the end of the lease term. If U. S. Steel does not exercise the purchase option by the end of the lease term, U. S. Steel guarantees a residual value of the equipment as determined at the lease inception date (totaling approximately $13 million at September 30, 2014). No liability has been recorded for these guarantees as the potential loss is not probable. |
Insurance – U. S. Steel maintains insurance for certain property damage, equipment, business interruption and general liability exposures; however, insurance is applicable only after certain deductibles and retainages. U. S. Steel is self-insured for certain other exposures including workers’ compensation (where permitted by law) and auto liability. Liabilities are recorded for workers’ compensation and personal injury obligations. Other costs resulting from losses under deductible or retainage amounts or not otherwise covered by insurance are charged against income upon occurrence. |
U. S. Steel uses surety bonds, trusts and letters of credit to provide whole or partial financial assurance for certain obligations such as workers’ compensation. The total amount of active surety bonds, trusts and letters of credit being used for financial assurance purposes was approximately $165 million as of September 30, 2014, which reflects U. S. Steel’s maximum exposure under these financial guarantees, but not its total exposure for the underlying obligations. A significant portion of our trust arrangements and letters of credit are collateralized by our RPA. The remaining trust arrangements and letters of credit are collateralized by restricted cash. Restricted cash, which is recorded in other current and noncurrent assets, totaled $57 million at September 30, 2014, of which less than $1 million was classified as current, and $81 million at December 31, 2013, of which less than $1 million was classified as current. Restricted cash at September 30, 2014 also includes $20 million to fund certain capital projects at Gary Works, our Clairton Plant and Granite City Works. The proceeds become unrestricted as capital expenditures for these projects are made. |
Capital Commitments – At September 30, 2014, U. S. Steel’s contractual commitments to acquire property, plant and equipment totaled $218 million. |
Contractual Purchase Commitments – U. S. Steel is obligated to make payments under contractual purchase commitments, including unconditional purchase obligations. Payments for contracts with remaining terms in excess of one year are summarized below (in millions): |
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Remainder of 2014 | | 2015 | | 2016 | | 2017 | | 2018 | | Later | | Total |
Years |
$336 | | $898 | | $667 | | $572 | | $326 | | $1,279 | | $4,078 |
The majority of U. S. Steel’s unconditional purchase obligations relates to the supply of industrial gases, energy and utility services with terms ranging from two to 14 years. Unconditional purchase obligations also include coke and steam purchase commitments related to a coke supply agreement with Gateway Energy & Coke Company LLC (Gateway) under which Gateway is obligated to supply 90 percent to 105 percent of the expected annual capacity of the heat recovery coke plant at our Granite City Works, and U. S. Steel is obligated to purchase the coke from Gateway at the contract price. As of September 30, 2014, a maximum default payment of approximately $239 million would apply if U. S. Steel terminates the agreement. |
Total payments relating to unconditional purchase obligations were $119 million and $115 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively and $389 million and $410 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and September 30, 2013, respectively. |