United States Steel (X) 10-Q 2020 Q3 Quarterly report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2020

Or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                      to                     .

United States Steel Corporation

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	1-16811	25-1897152
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation)	(Commission File Number)	(IRS Employer Identification No.)

600 Grant Street	Pittsburgh	PA	15219-2800
(Address of principal executive offices)			(Zip Code)

(412) 433-1121

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
United States Steel Corporation Common Stock	X	New York Stock Exchange
United States Steel Corporation Common Stock	X	Chicago Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company”, and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer	x	Accelerated filer	o	Non-accelerated filer	o	Smaller reporting company	☐	Emerging growth company	☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.									o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No x

Common stock outstanding at October 26, 2020 – 220,404,216 shares

INDEX

			Page
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
	Item 1.	Financial Statements:
		Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations (Unaudited)	1
		Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited)	2
		Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet (Unaudited)	3
		Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (Unaudited)	4
		Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	5
	Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	26
	Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	39
	Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	39
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
	Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	39
	Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosure	47
	Item 5.	Other Information	47
	Item 6.	Exhibits	47
SIGNATURE			48
WEB SITE POSTING			48

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report contains information that may constitute ”forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. We intend the forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements in those sections. Generally, we have identified such forward-looking statements by using the words “believe,” “expect,” “intend,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “project,” “target,” “forecast,” “aim,” "should," “will,” "may" and similar expressions or by using future dates in connection with any discussion of, among other things, operating performance, trends, events or developments that we expect or anticipate will occur in the future, statements relating to volume changes, share of sales and earnings per share changes, anticipated cost savings, potential capital and operational cash improvements, U. S. Steel's future ability or plans to take ownership of the Big River Steel joint venture as a wholly owned subsidiary, and statements expressing general views about future operating results. However, the absence of these words or similar expressions does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. Forward-looking statements are not historical facts, but instead represent only the Company’s beliefs regarding future events, many of which, by their nature, are inherently uncertain and outside of the Company’s control. It is possible that the Company’s actual results and financial condition may differ, possibly materially, from the anticipated results and financial condition indicated in these forward-looking statements. Management believes that these forward-looking statements are reasonable as of the time made. However, caution should be taken not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements because such statements speak only as of the date when made. Our Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. In addition, forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from our Company's historical experience and our present expectations or projections. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the risks and uncertainties described in this report and in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and those described from time to time in our future reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

References in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to "U. S. Steel," "the Company," "we," "us," and "our" refer to United States Steel Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries unless otherwise indicated by the context.

UNITED STATES STEEL CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Net sales:
Net sales	$	2,072	$	2,702	$	6,469	$	9,001
Net sales to related parties (Note 19)	268		367		710		1,112
Total (Note 6)	2,340		3,069		7,179		10,113
Operating expenses (income):
Cost of sales (excludes items shown below)	2,295		2,902		7,174		9,301
Selling, general and administrative expenses	65		63		199		223
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	162		161		481		454
Loss (earnings) from investees	31		(31)		78		(68)
Asset impairment charges (Note 1)	0		0		263		0
Gain on equity investee transactions	0		0		(31)		0
Restructuring and other charges (Note 20)	0		54		130		54
Net (gain) loss on sale of assets	(2)		(1)		(2)		3
Other losses, net	0		1		5		0
Total	2,551		3,149		8,297		9,967
(Loss) earnings before interest and income taxes	(211)		(80)		(1,118)		146
Interest expense	84		32		198		97
Interest income	(1)		(3)		(6)		(13)
Other financial benefits	(30)		(4)		(26)		(2)
Net periodic benefit (income) cost (other than service cost)	(6)		23		(22)		69
Net interest and other financial costs	47		48		144		151
Loss before income taxes	(258)		(128)		(1,262)		(5)
Income tax benefit (Note 12)	(24)		(44)		(48)		(43)
Net (loss) earnings	(234)		(84)		(1,214)		38
Less: Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests	0		0		0		0
Net (loss) earnings attributable to United States Steel Corporation	$	(234)	$	(84)	$	(1,214)	$	38
(Loss) earnings per common share (Note 13):
(Loss) earnings per share attributable to United States Steel Corporation stockholders:
-Basic	$	(1.06)	$	(0.49)	$	(6.43)	$	0.22
-Diluted	$	(1.06)	$	(0.49)	$	(6.43)	$	0.22

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

-1-

UNITED STATES STEEL CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in millions)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Net (loss) earnings	$	(234)	$	(84)	$	(1,214)	$	38
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Changes in foreign currency translation adjustments	34		(40)		31		(45)
Changes in pension and other employee benefit accounts	16		30		97		94
Changes in derivative financial instruments	8		(2)		18		2
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	58		(12)		146		51
Comprehensive (loss) income including noncontrolling interest	(176)		(96)		(1,068)		89
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest	0		0		0		0
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to United States Steel Corporation	$	(176)	$	(96)	$	(1,068)	$	89

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

-2-

UNITED STATES STEEL CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in millions)	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents (Note 7)	$	1,696	$	749
Receivables, less allowance of $34 and $28	996		956
Receivables from related parties (Note 19)	103		221
Inventories (Note 8)	1,398		1,785
Other current assets	51		102
Total current assets	4,244		3,813
Long-term restricted cash (Note 7)	89		188
Operating lease assets	225		230
Property, plant and equipment	17,477		17,077
Less accumulated depreciation and depletion	12,047		11,630
Total property, plant and equipment, net	5,430		5,447
Investments and long-term receivables, less allowance of $8 and $5	1,286		1,466
Intangibles – net (Note 9)	131		150
Deferred income tax benefits (Note 12)	21		19
Other noncurrent assets	305		295
Total assets	$	11,731	$	11,608
Liabilities
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities	$	1,533	$	1,970
Accounts payable to related parties (Note 19)	113		84
Payroll and benefits payable	312		336
Accrued taxes	109		116
Accrued interest	74		45
Current operating lease liabilities	60		60
Short-term debt and current maturities of long-term debt (Note 15)	262		14
Total current liabilities	2,463		2,625
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities	174		177
Long-term debt, less unamortized discount and debt issuance costs (Note 15)	4,628		3,627
Employee benefits	543		532
Deferred income tax liabilities (Note 12)	6		4
Deferred credits and other noncurrent liabilities	413		550
Total liabilities	8,227		7,515
Contingencies and commitments (Note 21)
Stockholders’ Equity (Note 17):
Common stock (229,075,215 and 178,555,206 shares issued) (Note 13)	229		179
Treasury stock, at cost (8,670,999 shares and 8,509,337 shares)	(175)		(173)
Additional paid-in capital	4,398		4,020
(Accumulated deficit) retained earnings	(671)		544
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (Note 18)	(332)		(478)
Total United States Steel Corporation stockholders’ equity	3,449		4,092
Noncontrolling interests	55		1
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	11,731	$	11,608

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

-3-

UNITED STATES STEEL CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in millions)	2020		2019
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
Operating activities:
Net (loss) earnings	$	(1,214)	$	38
Adjustments to reconcile to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	481		454
Asset impairment charges (Note 1)	263		0
Gain on equity investee transactions	(31)		0
Restructuring and other charges (Note 20)	130		54
Pensions and other postretirement benefits	(18)		76
Deferred income taxes (Note 12)	(36)		(38)
Net (gain) loss on sale of assets	(2)		3
Equity investee loss (earnings), net of distributions received	78		(64)
Changes in:
Current receivables	(18)		209
Inventories	495		(4)
Current accounts payable and accrued expenses	(267)		(325)
Income taxes receivable/payable	13		27
All other, net	(23)		(34)
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities	(149)		396
Investing activities:
Capital expenditures	(591)		(978)
Investment in Big River Steel	(3)		0
Proceeds from sale of assets	3		4
Proceeds from sale of ownership interests in equity investees	8		0
Investments, net	(4)		0
Net cash used in investing activities	(587)		(974)
Financing activities:
Issuance of short-term debt, net of financing costs (Note 15)	240		0
Revolving credit facilities - borrowings, net of financing costs (Note 15)	1,474		165
Revolving credit facilities - repayments (Note 15)	(1,633)		0
Issuance of long-term debt, net of financing costs (Note 15)	1,043		0
Repayment of long-term debt (Note 15)	(8)		(4)
Net proceeds from public offering of common stock (Note 23)	410		0
Proceeds from Stelco Option Agreement, net of financing costs	55		0
Common stock repurchased (Note 23)	0		(88)
Dividends paid	(6)		(26)
Taxes paid for equity compensation plans (Note 11)	(1)		(7)
Net cash provided by financing activities	1,574		40
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	10		(6)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	848		(544)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year (Note 7)	939		1,040
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period (Note 7)	$	1,787	$	496

Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Change in accrued capital expenditures	$	(109)	$	(72)
U. S. Steel common stock issued for employee/non-employee director stock plans	18		25
Capital expenditures funded by finance lease borrowings	30		37
Export Credit Agreement (ECA) financing	34		0

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

-4-

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

1.     Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

The year-end Consolidated Balance Sheet data was derived from audited statements but does not include all disclosures required for complete financial statements by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP). The other information in these condensed financial statements is unaudited but, in the opinion of management, reflects all adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the results for the periods covered, including assessment of certain accounting matters using all available information including consideration of forecasted financial information in context with other information reasonably available to us. However, our future assessment of our current expectations, including consideration of the unknown future impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, could result in material impacts to our consolidated financial statements in future reporting periods. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature unless disclosed otherwise. These condensed financial statements, including notes, have been prepared in accordance with the applicable rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission and do not include all of the information and disclosures required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. Additional information is contained in the United States Steel Corporation Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, which should be read in conjunction with these condensed financial statements.

Asset Impairment

For the period ended March 31, 2020, the steep decline in oil prices that resulted from market oversupply and declining demand was considered a triggering event for the welded tubular and seamless tubular asset groups. A quantitative analysis was completed for both asset groups and a $263 million impairment, consisting of an impairment of $196 million for property, plant and equipment and $67 million for intangible assets was recorded for the welded tubular asset group while no impairment was indicated for the seamless tubular asset group. There were no triggering events that required an impairment evaluation of our long-lived asset groups as of June 30, 2020 or September 30, 2020.

2.    New Accounting Standards

In August 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update 2020-06, Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity (ASU 2020-06). ASU 2020-06 simplifies the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity, including convertible instruments and contracts on an entity’s own equity. ASU 2020-06 requires entities to provide expanded disclosures about the terms and features of convertible instruments and amends certain guidance in ASC 260 on the computation of EPS for convertible instruments and contracts on an entity’s own equity. ASU 2020-06 is effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption of all amendments in the same period permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact of adoption of the ASU.

In March 2020, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2020-04, Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (ASU 2020-04). ASU 2020-04 provides optional exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to modifications of contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another rate that will be discontinued by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The exceptions in ASU 2020-04 may be applied beginning in periods up to December 31, 2022. U. S. Steel is currently assessing the impact of the ASU but does not believe it will have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (ASU 2019-12). ASU 2019-12 simplifies accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions from the general principles in Topic 740 including elimination of the exception to the incremental approach for intraperiod tax allocation when there is a loss from continuing operations and income or a gain from other items such as other comprehensive income. ASU 2019-12 also clarifies and amends certain guidance in Topic 740. ASU 2019-12 is effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods, with early adoption of all amendments in the same period permitted. U. S. Steel is currently assessing the impact of the ASU, but does not believe it will have a significant impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

3.    Recently Adopted Accounting Standard

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (ASU 2016-13), which adds an impairment model that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. Under ASU 2016-13, an entity recognizes as an allowance its estimate of expected credit losses, which the FASB believes will result in more timely recognition of such losses. ASU 2016-13 was effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 including interim reporting periods. U. S. Steel adopted this standard effective January 1, 2020. The impact of adoption was not material to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

-5-

U. S. Steel's significant financial instruments which are valued at cost are trade receivables (receivables). U. S. Steel's receivables carry standard industry terms and are categorized in 2 receivable pools, U.S. and U. S. Steel Europe (USSE). Both pools use customer specific risk ratings based on customer financial metrics, past payment experience and other factors and qualitatively consider economic conditions to assess the level of allowance for doubtful accounts. USSE mitigates credit risk for approximately 75 percent of its receivables balance using credit insurance, letters of credit, bank guarantees, prepayments or other collateral. Below is a summary of the allowance for doubtful accounts for the segments. Additional reserve recorded in the nine month period ended September 30, 2020 primarily reflects uncertainty over near-term anticipated market conditions.

(in millions)	U.S.		USSE		Total Allowance
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	12	$	16	$	28
Additional reserve	5		1		6
Balance at September 30, 2020	$	17	$	17	$	34

4.    Segment Information

U. S. Steel has 3 reportable segments: North American Flat-Rolled (Flat-Rolled), U. S. Steel Europe (USSE); and Tubular Products (Tubular). U. S. Steel's investment in Big River Steel and the results of our railroad and real estate businesses that do not constitute reportable segments are combined and disclosed in the Other Businesses category.

The results of segment operations for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 are:

(In millions) Three Months Ended September 30, 2020	Customer Sales		Intersegment Sales		Net Sales		(Loss) Earnings from investees		Earnings (loss) before interest and income taxes
Flat-Rolled	$	1,728	$	71	$	1,799	$	(3)	$	(159)
USSE	495		1		496		0		13
Tubular	96		0		96		0		(52)
Total reportable segments	2,319		72		2,391		(3)		(198)
Other Businesses	21		23		44		(28)		(13)
Reconciling Items and Eliminations	0		(95)		(95)		0		0
Total	$	2,340	$	0	$	2,340	$	(31)	$	(211)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
Flat-Rolled	$	2,277	$	86	$	2,363	$	30	$	46
USSE	518		3		521		0		(46)
Tubular	262		1		263		1		(25)
Total reportable segments	3,057		90		3,147		31		(25)
Other Businesses	12		28		40		0		8
Reconciling Items and Eliminations	0		(118)		(118)		0		(63)
Total	$	3,069	$	0	$	3,069	$	31	$	(80)

-6-

The results of segment operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 are:

(In millions) Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020	Customer Sales		Intersegment Sales		Net Sales		(Loss) Earnings from investees		Earnings (loss) before interest and income taxes
Flat-Rolled	$	5,199	$	175	$	5,374	$	(15)	$	(523)
USSE	1,403		3		1,406		0		(27)
Tubular	533		6		539		3		(147)
Total reportable segments	7,135		184		7,319		(12)		(697)
Other Businesses	44		70		114		(66)		(33)
Reconciling Items and Eliminations	0		(254)		(254)		0		(388)
Total	$	7,179	$	0	$	7,179	$	(78)	$	(1,118)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Flat-Rolled	$	7,221	$	250	$	7,471	$	63	$	275
USSE	1,933		9		1,942		0		(27)
Tubular	921		4		925		5		(21)
Total reportable segments	10,075		263		10,338		68		227
Other Businesses	38		88		126		0		26
Reconciling Items and Eliminations	0		(351)		(351)		0		(107)
Total	$	10,113	$	0	$	10,113	$	68	$	146

The following is a schedule of reconciling items to consolidated earnings before interest and income taxes:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Items not allocated to segments:
Asset impairment charges (Notes 1 and 9)	$	0	$	0	$	(263)	$	0
Restructuring and other charges (Note 20)	0		(54)		(130)		(54)
Gain on previously held investment in UPI	0		0		25		0
Tubular inventory impairment charge	0		0		(24)		0
December 24, 2018 Clairton coke making facility fire	0		(9)		4		(53)
Total reconciling items	$	0	$	(63)	$	(388)	$	(107)

5.    Acquisition

On February 29, 2020, U. S. Steel purchased the remaining 50% ownership interest in USS-POSCO Industries (UPI) for $3 million, net of cash received of $2 million. There was an assumption of accounts payable owed to U. S. Steel for prior sales of steel substrate of $135 million associated with the purchase that is reflected as a reduction in receivables from related parties on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Using step acquisition accounting the Company increased the value of its previously held equity investment to its fair value of $5 million which resulted in a gain of approximately $25 million. The gain was recorded in gain on equity investee transactions in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

Receivables of $44 million, inventories of $96 million, accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $19 million, current portion of long-term debt of $55 million and payroll and employee benefits liabilities of $78 million were recorded with the acquisition. Property, plant and equipment of $97 million which included a fair value step-up of $47 million and an intangible asset of $54 million were also recorded on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. The intangible asset, which will be amortized over ten years, arises from a land lease contract, under which a certain portion of payment owed to UPI is realized in the form of deductions from electricity costs.

-7-

U. S. Steel is continuing to conform accounting policies and procedures and evaluate assets and liabilities assumed. The results of this process may lead to further adjustments to the purchase price allocation presented above.

6.     Revenue

Revenue is generated primarily from contracts to produce, ship and deliver steel products, and to a lesser extent, raw materials sales such as iron ore pellets and coke by-products and railroad services and real estate sales. Generally, U. S. Steel’s performance obligations are satisfied and revenue is recognized at a point in time, when title transfers to our customer for product shipped or services are provided. Revenues are recorded net of any sales incentives. Shipping and other transportation costs charged to customers are treated as fulfillment activities and are recorded in both revenue and cost of sales at the time control is transferred to the customer. Costs related to obtaining sales contracts are incidental and are expensed when incurred. Because customers are invoiced at the time title transfers and U. S. Steel’s right to consideration is unconditional at that time, U. S. Steel does not maintain contract asset balances. Additionally, U. S. Steel does not maintain contract liability balances, as performance obligations are satisfied prior to customer payment for product. U. S. Steel offers industry standard payment terms.

The following tables disaggregate our revenue by product for each of the reportable business segments for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively:

Net Sales by Product (In millions):

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020	Flat-Rolled		USSE		Tubular		Other Businesses		Total
Semi-finished	$	5	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	5
Hot-rolled sheets	239		193		0		0		432
Cold-rolled sheets	555		43		0		0		598
Coated sheets	778		233		0		0		1,011
Tubular products	0		11		91		0		102
All Other (a)	151		15		5		21		192
Total	$	1,728	$	495	$	96	$	21	$	2,340

(a) Consists primarily of sales of raw materials and coke making by-products.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2019	Flat-Rolled		USSE		Tubular		Other Businesses		Total
Semi-finished	$	69	$	2	$	0	$	0	$	71
Hot-rolled sheets	537		199		0		0		736
Cold-rolled sheets	627		59		0		0		686
Coated sheets	765		231		0		0		996
Tubular products	0		11		257		0		268
All Other (a)	279		16		5		12		312
Total	$	2,277	$	518	$	262	$	12	$	3,069

(a) Consists primarily of sales of raw materials and coke making by-products.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020	Flat-Rolled		USSE		Tubular		Other Businesses		Total
Semi-finished	$	63	$	2	$	0	$	0	$	65
Hot-rolled sheets	980		544		0		0		1,524
Cold-rolled sheets	1,495		114		0		—		1,609
Coated sheets	2,202		664		0		0		2,866
Tubular products	0		31		520		0		551
All Other (a)	459		48		13		44		564
Total	$	5,199	$	1,403	$	533	$	44	$	7,179

(a) Consists primarily of sales of raw materials and coke making by-products.

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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019	Flat-Rolled		USSE		Tubular		Other Businesses		Total
Semi-finished	$	278	$	11	$	0	$	0	$	289
Hot-rolled sheets	1,982		818		0		0		2,800
Cold-rolled sheets	1,931		229		0		0		2,160
Coated sheets	2,309		779		0		0		3,088
Tubular products	0		31		903		0		934
All Other (a)	721		65		18		38		842
Total	$	7,221	$	1,933	$	921	$	38	$	10,113

(a) Consists primarily of sales of raw materials and coke making by-products.

7.     Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within U. S. Steel's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets that sum to the total of the same amounts shown in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows:

(In millions)	September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,696	$	476
Restricted cash in other current assets	2		0
Restricted cash in other noncurrent assets	89		20
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	1,787	$	496

Amounts included in restricted cash represent cash balances which are legally or contractually restricted, primarily for electric arc furnace construction, environmental capital expenditure projects and insurance purposes.

8.    Inventories

The LIFO method is the predominant method of inventory costing in the United States. The FIFO method is the predominant inventory costing method in Europe. At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the LIFO method accounted for 72 percent and 75 percent of total inventory values, respectively.

(In millions)	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Raw materials	$	465	$	628
Semi-finished products	557		720
Finished products	320		376
Supplies and sundry items	56		61
Total	$	1,398	$	1,785

Current acquisition costs were estimated to exceed the above inventory values by $802 million and $735 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. As a result of the liquidation of LIFO inventories, cost of sales decreased and earnings before interest and income taxes increased by $11 million and $5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. Cost of sales decreased and earnings before interest and income taxes increased by $12 million and $5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, as a result of liquidation of LIFO inventories.

Inventory includes $37 million and $40 million of land held for residential/commercial development as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

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9.     Intangible Assets

Intangible assets that are being amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives are detailed below:

		As of September 30, 2020								As of December 31, 2019
(In millions)	Useful Lives	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Impairment (a)		Accumulated Amortization		Net Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Amount
Customer relationships	22 Years	$	132	$	55	$	77	$	0	$	132	$	76	$	56
Patents	10-15 Years	22		7		10		5		22		8		14
Energy Contract	10 Years	54		0		3		51		0		0		0
Other	4-20 Years	14		5		9		0		14		9		5
Total amortizable intangible assets		$	222	$	67	$	99	$	56	$	168	$	93	$	75

(a) The impairment charge was the result of the quantitative impairment analysis of the welded tubular asset group for the period ended March 31, 2020. See Note 1 for further details.

The estimated amortization expense for the remainder of 2020 is $2 million. We expect approximately $6 million in annual amortization expense through 2025 and approximately $24 million in remaining amortization expense thereafter.

The carrying amount of acquired water rights with indefinite lives as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 totaled $75 million.

10.    Pensions and Other Benefits

The following table reflects the components of net periodic benefit cost for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:

	Pension Benefits				Other Benefits
(In millions)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Service cost	$	13	$	11	$	3	$	4
Interest cost	49		59		16		22
Expected return on plan assets	(84)		(81)		(20)		(19)
Amortization of prior service cost	0		0		(1)		8
Amortization of actuarial net loss (gain)	36		33		(4)		0
Net periodic benefit cost, excluding below	14		22		(6)		15
Multiemployer plans	19		20		0		0
Settlement, termination and curtailment losses (a)	2		3		0		0
Net periodic benefit cost	$	35	$	45	$	(6)	$	15
(a) During the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the pension plan incurred settlement charges of approximately $2 million and $3 million, respectively, due to lump sum payments for certain individuals.

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The following table reflects the components of net periodic benefit cost for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:

	Pension Benefits				Other Benefits
(In millions)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Service cost	$	38	$	33	$	9	$	10
Interest cost	145		178		48		68
Expected return on plan assets	(249)		(243)		(60)		(59)
Amortization of prior service cost	1		1		(5)		22
Amortization of actuarial net loss (gain)	108		99		(12)		2
Net periodic benefit cost, excluding below	43		68		(20)		43
Multiemployer plans	58		57		0		0
Settlement, termination and curtailment losses (a)	10		3		0		0
Net periodic benefit cost	$	111	$	128	$	(20)	$	43
(a) During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the pension plan incurred settlement and special termination charges of approximately $10 million and $3 million, respectively, due to workforce restructuring and lump sum payments made to certain individuals.

Employer Contributions

During the first nine months of 2020, U. S. Steel made cash payments of $57 million to the Steelworkers’ Pension Trust and $6 million of pension payments not funded by trusts.

During the first nine months of 2020, cash payments of $37 million were made for other postretirement benefit payments not funded by trusts.

Effective May 1, 2020, Company contributions for salaried defined contribution plans were temporarily suspended. Company contributions to defined contribution plans totaled $1 million and $12 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Company contributions to defined contribution plans totaled $16 million and $34 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

11.    Stock-Based Compensation Plans

U. S. Steel has outstanding stock-based compensation awards that were granted by the Compensation & Organization Committee of the Board of Directors (the Committee) under the 2005 Stock Incentive Plan (the 2005 Plan) and the 2016 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan, as amended and restated (the Omnibus Plan). The Company's stockholders approved the Omnibus Plan and authorized the Company to issue up to 18,200,000 shares of U. S. Steel common stock under the Omnibus Plan. While the awards that were previously granted under the 2005 Plan remain outstanding, all future awards will be granted under the Omnibus Plan. As of September 30, 2020, there were 5,995,783 shares available for future grants under the Omnibus Plan.

Recent grants of stock-based compensation consist of restricted stock units, total stockholder return (TSR) performance awards and return on capital employed (ROCE) performance awards. Shares of common stock under the Omnibus Plan are issued from authorized, but unissued stock. The following table is a summary of the awards made under the Omnibus Plan during the first nine months of 2020 and 2019.

	2020			2019
Grant Details	Shares(a)	Fair Value(b)		Shares(a)	Fair Value(b)
Restricted Stock Units	2,640,690	$	8.82	1,005,500	$	23.76
Performance Awards (c)
TSR	671,390	$	8.19	210,520	$	29.22
ROCE (d)	0	$	0	527,470	$	23.90

(a) The share amounts shown in this table do not reflect an adjustment for estimated forfeitures.

(b) Represents the per share weighted-average for all grants during the period.

(c) The number of performance awards shown represents the target share grant of the award.

(d) The ROCE awards granted in 2020 are not shown in the table because they were granted in cash.

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U. S. Steel recognized pretax stock-based compensation expense in the amount of $8 million and $10 million in the three-month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $20 million and $30 million in the first nine months of 2020 and 2019, respectively.

As of September 30, 2020, total future compensation expense related to nonvested stock-based compensation arrangements was $16 million, and the weighted average period over which this expense is expected to be recognized is approximately 16 months.

Restricted stock units awarded as part of annual grants generally vest ratably over three years. Their fair value is the market price of the underlying common stock on the date of grant. Restricted stock units granted in connection with new-hire or retention grants generally cliff vest three years from the date of the grant.

TSR performance awards may vest at varying levels at the end of a three-year performance period if U. S. Steel's total stockholder return compared to the total stockholder return of a peer group of companies meets specified performance criteria with each year in the three-year performance period weighted at 20 percent and the full three-year performance weighted at 40 percent. TSR performance awards can vest at between 0 and 200 percent of the target award. The fair value of the TSR performance awards is calculated using a Monte-Carlo simulation.

ROCE performance awards may vest at the end of a three-year performance period contingent upon meeting the specified ROCE performance. ROCE performance awards can vest at between 0 and 200 percent of the target award. The fair value of the ROCE performance awards is the average market price of the underlying common stock on the date of grant.

For further details about our stock-based compensation incentive plans and stock awards see Note 15 of the United States Steel Corporation Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year-ended December 31, 2019.

12.    Income Taxes

Tax provision

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded a tax benefit of $48 million and $43 million, respectively. The tax benefit for the first nine months of 2020 was based on an estimated annual effective rate, which requires management to make its best estimate of annual pretax income or loss. The 2020 tax benefit includes a $39 million discrete benefit related to recording a loss from continuing operations and income from other comprehensive income categories and expense of $13 million for an updated estimate to tax reserves related to an unrecognized tax benefit. Due to the full valuation allowance on our domestic deferred tax assets, the tax benefit in 2020 does not reflect any additional tax benefit for domestic pretax losses. In 2019, the tax provision reflects a benefit for percentage depletion in excess of cost depletion from iron ore that we produce and consume or sell.

During the year, management regularly updates forecasted annual pretax results for the various countries in which we operate based on changes in factors such as prices, shipments, product mix, plant operating performance and cost estimates. To the extent that actual 2020 pretax results for foreign income or loss vary from estimates applied herein, the actual tax provision or benefit recognized in 2020 could be materially different from the forecasted amount used to estimate the tax benefit for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

13.    Earnings and Dividends Per Common Share

(Loss) Earnings Per Share Attributable to United States Steel Corporation Stockholders

The effect of dilutive securities on weighted average common shares outstanding included in the calculation of diluted earnings per common share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019 were as follows.

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	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)	2020		2019		2020		2019
(Loss) earnings attributable to United States Steel Corporation stockholders	$	(234)	$	(84)	$	(1,214)	$	38
Weighted-average shares outstanding (in thousands):
Basic	220,402		170,801		188,766		171,882
Effect of Senior Convertible Notes	0		0		0		0
Effect of stock options, restricted stock units and performance awards	0		0		0		629
Adjusted weighted-average shares outstanding, diluted	220,402		170,801		188,766		172,511
Basic (loss) earnings per common share	$	(1.06)	$	(0.49)	$	(6.43)	$	0.22
Diluted (loss) earnings per common share	$	(1.06)	$	(0.49)	$	(6.43)	$	0.22

Excluded from the computation of diluted (loss) earnings per common share due to their anti-dilutive effect were 5.7 million and 5.5 million outstanding securities granted under the Omnibus Plan for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, and 4.3 million and 3.3 million outstanding securities granted under the Omnibus Plan for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Dividends Paid Per Share

The dividend for each of the first, second and third quarters of 2020 and 2019 was 1 cent and 5 cents per common share, respectively.

14.    Derivative Instruments

U. S. Steel uses foreign exchange forward sales contracts to exchange euros for U.S. dollars (USD) and USD for Canadian dollars (foreign exchange forwards) with maturities no longer than 12 months to mitigate the risk of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations and manage our foreign currency requirements. Financial swaps are used to protect from commodity price risk associated with purchases of natural gas, zinc, tin and electricity (commodity purchase swaps). We use cash flow hedge accounting for our foreign exchange forwards and for our U.S. commodity purchase swaps for natural gas, zinc and tin and use mark-to-market accounting for commodity purchase swaps used in our European operations and for electricity commodity purchase swaps. The maximum derivative contract duration for commodity purchase swaps where hedge accounting was elected and was not elected is 15 months and 28 months, respectively. For further details about our derivative instruments see Note 16 of the United States Steel Corporation Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year-ended December 31, 2019.

The table below shows the outstanding swap quantities used to hedge forecasted purchases and sales as of September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019:

Hedge Contracts	Classification	September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019
Natural gas (in mmbtus)	Commodity purchase swaps	34,222,000		56,873,000
Tin (in metric tons)	Commodity purchase swaps	787		530
Zinc (in metric tons)	Commodity purchase swaps	8,148		14,561
Electricity (in megawatt hours)	Commodity purchase swaps	847,680		0
Foreign currency (in millions of euros)	Foreign exchange forwards	€	240	€	316
Foreign currency (in millions of CAD)	Foreign exchange forwards	$	8	$	33

There were $8 million and $1 million in accounts receivable and $13 million and $18 million in accounts payable recorded for derivatives designated as hedging instruments as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Amounts recorded in long-term asset and long-term liability accounts for derivatives designated as hedging instruments and amounts recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet for derivatives not designated as hedging instruments were not significant as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

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The table below summarizes the effect of hedge accounting on AOCI and amounts reclassified from AOCI into earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:

	Gain (Loss) on Derivatives in AOCI			Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income
(In millions)	Three Months Ended September 30, 2020	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019	Location of Reclassification from AOCI (a)	Three Months Ended September 30, 2020	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
Commodity purchase swaps	19	(6)	Cost of sales (c)	(6)	(4)
Foreign exchange forwards (b)	(9)	3	Cost of sales	(3)	0

(a) The earnings impact of hedging instruments substantially offsets the earnings impact of the related hedged items since ineffectiveness is less than $1 million.

(b) U. S. Steel has elected hedge accounting prospectively for European foreign exchange forwards on July 1, 2019.

(c) Costs for commodity purchase swaps are recognized in cost of sales as products are sold.

	Gain (Loss) on Derivatives in AOCI			Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income
(In millions)	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019	Location of Reclassification from AOCI (a)	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Commodity purchase swaps	30	(2)	Cost of sales (c)	(26)	(14)
Foreign exchange forwards (b)	(8)	4	Cost of sales	(2)	0

(a) The earnings impact of hedging instruments substantially offsets the earnings impact of the related hedged items since ineffectiveness is less than $1 million.

(b) U. S. Steel has elected hedge accounting prospectively for European foreign exchange forwards on July 1, 2019.

(c) Costs for commodity purchase swaps are recognized in cost of sales as products are sold.

At current contract values, $5 million currently in AOCI as of September 30, 2020 will be recognized as an increase in cost of sales over the next year.

The amount of gain (loss) recognized in income for foreign exchange forwards where hedge accounting was not elected was not material for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2020 and was $11 million and $18 million for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2019, respectively. These impacts were recognized in other financial costs in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. Earnings impacts for commodity purchase swaps were not material for the three month and nine month periods ended September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019.

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15.    Debt

(In millions)	Interest Rates %	Maturity	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
2037 Senior Notes	6.650	2037	$	350	$	350
2026 Senior Notes	6.250	2026	650		650
2026 Senior Convertible Notes	5.000	2026	350		350
2025 Senior Notes	6.875	2025	750		750
2025 Senior Secured Notes	12.000	2025	1,056		0
Export-Import Credit Agreement	Variable	2021	250		0
Environmental Revenue Bonds	4.875 - 6.750	2024 - 2049	620		620
Fairfield Caster Lease		2022	17		18
Other finance leases and all other obligations		2020 - 2029	69		48
ECA Credit Agreement	Variable	2031	104		0
Credit Facility Agreement, $2.0 billion	Variable	2024	500		600
UPI Amended Credit Facility	Variable	2020	0		0
USSK Credit Agreement	Variable	2023	410		393
USSK Credit Facilities	Variable	2021	0		0
Total Debt			5,126		3,779
Less unamortized discount and debt issuance costs			236		138
Less short-term debt and long-term debt due within one year			262		14
Long-term debt			$	4,628	$	3,627

To the extent not otherwise discussed below, information concerning the senior notes and other listed obligations can be found in Note 17 of the audited financial statements in the United States Steel Corporation Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.

Export-Import Credit Agreement

On September 30, 2020, U. S. Steel and its subsidiary, United States Steel International, Inc., as the borrowers, entered into an Export-Import Transaction Specific Loan and Security Agreement (Export-Import Credit Agreement) with the lenders party thereto from time to time and PNC Bank, National Association (PNC), as agent for the lenders, under which it borrowed approximately $240 million, net of transaction fees of approximately $10 million. The Export-Import Credit Agreement provides for up to $250 million of term loans, which mature on August 30, 2021, unless sooner terminated or extended by the borrowers to July 30, 2022. The maturity of the term loans under the Export-Import Credit Agreement may be extended only if the loan facility continues to be eligible for coverage (at a 95% level) under the Ex-Im Guarantee (as defined in the Export-Import Credit Agreement) and each lender consents to such extension. Interest on the term loans will accrue at a contract rate of 2.50% plus the applicable LIBOR rate. The obligations under the Export-Import Credit Agreement are secured by receivables (collateral) under certain iron ore pellet export contracts. The Export-Import Credit Agreement permits voluntary prepayments and requires mandatory prepayments with net cash proceeds of dispositions of collateral. The Export-Import Credit Agreement also contains certain customary covenants and restrictions, including restrictions on sale of assets, restrictions on incurring liens upon collateral and a requirement that the borrowers comply with the Ex-Im Borrower Agreement (entered into on September 30, 2020 by the borrowers in favor of Ex-Im Bank, the lenders and PNC, as agent for the lenders).

2025 Senior Secured Notes

On May 29, 2020, U. S. Steel issued $1.056 billion aggregate principal amount of 12.000% Senior Secured Notes due June 1, 2025 (2025 Senior Secured Notes) in a 144A private transaction exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The notes were issued at a price equal to 94.665% of their face value. U. S. Steel received net proceeds from the offering of approximately $977 million after fees of approximately $23 million related to underwriting and third party expenses. The notes will pay interest semi-annually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on December 1, 2020. The notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a senior secured basis by all of our existing and future direct and indirect material domestic subsidiaries (other than certain subsidiaries excluded in the indenture). The notes and notes guarantees are secured by first priority-liens, subject to permitted liens, on substantially all of U. S. Steel’s domestic assets, other than certain excluded assets per the terms of the notes indenture and exclusive of the collateral required under the Credit Facility Agreement.

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The Company may redeem the 2025 Senior Secured Notes, in whole or part, at its option on or after June 1, 2022 at the redemption price for such notes as a percentage of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date, if redeemed during the twelve-month period beginning on June 1st of each of the years indicated below.

Year	Redemption Price
2022	106	%
2023	103	%
2024 and thereafter	100	%

Prior to June 1, 2022, the Company may redeem up to 35% of the original aggregate principal amount of the 2025 Senior Secured Notes with the net cash proceeds of one or more equity offerings for a price of 112.000% of principal amount of the 2025 Senior Secured Notes plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the applicable date of redemption. Upon the occurrence of certain assets sales, we are required to apply asset sale proceeds towards investments in assets that constitute Notes collateral. If all asset sale proceeds are not invested within one year, or such longer period as permitted by the indenture, the Company may be required to offer to repurchase the 2025 Senior Secured Notes up to an amount of asset sale proceeds that remain uninvested at a price of 100% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest if any to the date of such purchase. The indenture pursuant to which the 2025 Senior Secured Notes were issued contains limitations on the incurrence of additional debt secured by liens and additional customary covenants and other obligations.

Export Credit Agreement

Funding of U. S. Steel’s vendor supported Export Credit Agreement (ECA) occurred on February 19, 2020. U. S. Steel had borrowed $104 million under the ECA as of September 30, 2020. Loan repayments start six months after the starting point of credit as defined in the loan agreement with a total repayment term up to eight years. Loan availability and repayment terms are subject to certain customary covenants and events of default. The purpose of the ECA is to finance equipment purchased for the endless casting and rolling facility at the Mon Valley Works facility in Braddock, Pennsylvania.

Credit Facility Agreement

As of September 30, 2020, there was $500 million drawn under the $2.0 billion Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Facility Agreement (Credit Facility Agreement). U. S. Steel must maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.00 to 1.00 for the most recent four consecutive quarters when availability under the Credit Facility Agreement is less than the greater of 10 percent of the total aggregate commitments and $200 million. Based on the most recent four quarters as of September 30, 2020, the Company would not have met the fixed charge coverage ratio test; therefore, the amount available to the Company under this facility is effectively reduced by $200 million. In addition, since the value of our inventory and trade accounts receivable less specified reserves calculated in accordance with the Credit Facility Agreement do not support the full amount of the facility at September 30, 2020, the amount available to the Company under this facility was further reduced by $294 million. The availability under the Credit Facility Agreement was $1.006 billion as of September 30, 2020.

The Credit Facility Agreement provides for borrowings at interest rates based on defined, short-term market rates plus a spread based on availability and includes other customary terms and conditions including restrictions on our ability to create certain liens and to consolidate, merge or transfer all, or substantially all, of our assets. The Credit Facility Agreement expires in October 2024. Maturity may be accelerated 91 days prior to the stated maturity of any outstanding senior debt if excess cash and credit facility availability do not meet the liquidity conditions set forth in the Credit Facility Agreement. Borrowings are secured by liens on certain North American inventory and trade accounts receivable. Availability under this facility may be impacted by additional footprint decisions that are made to the extent the value of the collateral pool of inventory and accounts receivable that support our borrowing availability are reduced.

The Credit Facility Agreement has customary representations and warranties including, as a condition to borrowing, that all such representations and warranties are true and correct, in all material respects, on the date of the borrowing, including representations as to no material adverse change in our business or financial condition that is not disclosed in our last published financial results. The facility also has customary defaults, including a cross-default to material indebtedness of U. S. Steel and our subsidiaries.

On September 30, 2020, U. S. Steel entered into an Amendment No. 1 (the “Amendment”) to the Credit Facility Agreement with the Lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent, to permit U. S. Steel and United States Steel International Inc. to enter into, and grant the applicable collateral pursuant to, the Export-Import Credit Agreement.

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U. S. Steel Košice (USSK) Credit Facilities

At September 30, 2020, USSK had borrowings of €350 million (approximately $410 million) under its €460 million (approximately $539 million) revolving credit facility (USSK Credit Agreement). The USSK Credit Agreement expires in September 2023. The USSK Credit Agreement contains certain USSK specific financial covenants including a minimum stockholders' equity to assets ratio and net debt to EBITDA ratio. The covenants are measured semi-annually at June and December each year for the period covering the last twelve calendar months, with the first net debt to EBITDA measurement occurring at June 2021. USSK must maintain a net debt to EBITDA ratio of less than 6.5 as of June 30, 2021 and 3.5 for semi-annual measurements starting December 31, 2021. If covenant compliance requirements are not met and the covenants are not amended or waived, noncompliance may result in an event of default, in which case USSK may not draw upon the facility, and the majority lenders, as defined in the USSK Credit Agreement, may cancel any and all commitments, and/or accelerate full repayment of any or all amounts outstanding under the USSK Credit Agreement. An event of default under the USSK Credit Agreement could also result in an event of default under the Credit Facility Agreement.

The USSK Credit Agreement contains customary representations and warranties, terms and conditions, including, as a condition to borrowing, that it met certain financial covenants since the last measurement date, and that all such representations and warranties are true and correct, in all material respects, on the date of the borrowing, and representations as to no material adverse change in our business or financial condition since December 31, 2017. The USSK Credit Facility Agreement also contains customary events of default, including a cross-default upon acceleration of material indebtedness of USSK and its subsidiaries.

At September 30, 2020, USSK had 0 borrowings under its €20 million and €10 million credit facilities (collectively, approximately $35 million) and the availability was approximately $33 million due to approximately $2 million of customs and other guarantees outstanding.

Each of these facilities bear interest at the applicable inter-bank offer rate plus a margin and contain customary terms and conditions.

USS-POSCO Industries Credit Facility

The USS-POSCO Industries (UPI) Amended Credit Facility agreement was terminated on July 17, 2020 and the outstanding borrowings were repaid using cash on hand. Upon termination of the UPI Amended Credit Facility, UPI was added as a subsidiary guarantor to the Credit Facility Agreement, which increased the amount of collateral and availability under the Credit Facility Agreement.

Change in control event

If there is a change in control of U. S. Steel, the following may occur: (a) debt obligations totaling $4,420 million as of September 30, 2020 may be declared due and payable; (b) substantially all of our debt arrangements may be terminated and any amounts declared due and payable; and (c) U. S. Steel may be required to either purchase the leased Fairfield Works slab caster for approximately $17 million or provide a letter of credit to secure the remaining obligation.

16.    Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, current accounts and notes receivable, accounts payable, bank checks outstanding, and accrued interest included in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet approximate fair value. See Note 14 for disclosure of U. S. Steel’s derivative instruments, which are accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis.

The net change in fair value of the options related to our purchase of the equity investment in Big River Steel during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 resulted in an $40 million decrease to net interest and other financial costs. The financial impact was primarily due to an increase in equity value.

The following table shows the change in fair value by option for the nine month period ended September 30, 2020.

(In millions)	Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value asset/(liability) at December 31, 2019		Fair Value Mark to Market gain/(loss)		Fair Value asset/(liability) at September 30, 2020
U. S. Steel Call Option	Investments and Long-Term Receivables	$	166	$	(96)	$	70
Class B Common Put Option	Deferred credits and other noncurrent liabilities	$	(192)	$	135	$	(57)
Class B Common Call Option	Deferred credits and other noncurrent liabilities	$	(2)	$	1	$	(1)
Net Mark to Market Impact				$	40

The fair value of the U. S. Steel Call Option and Class B Common Put Option are most significantly impacted by certain unobservable inputs including Big River Steel’s equity value and volatility. The Class B Common Put Option is also

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significantly impacted by U. S. Steel’s credit spread. A significant factor in determining equity value is the discounted forecasted cash flows of Big River Steel. Forecasted cash flows are primarily impacted by the forecasted market price of steel and metallic inputs as well as the expected timing of significant capital expenditures. The most recent updated forecast indicated an increase in the equity value which was the primary factor that led to a favorable mark-to-market adjustment of $34 million that is reflected in other financial benefits in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations for the three month period ended September 30, 2020. See Note 20 of the audited financial statements in the United States Steel Corporation Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 for further details.

Stelco Option for Minntac Mine Interest

On April 30, 2020 (the Effective Date), the Company entered into an Option Agreement with Stelco, Inc. (Stelco), that grants Stelco the option to purchase a 25 percent interest (the Option Interest) in a to-be-formed entity (the Joint Venture) that will own the Company’s current iron ore mine located in Mt. Iron, Minnesota (the Minntac Mine). As consideration for the Option, Stelco will pay the Company an aggregate amount of $100 million in 5 $20 million installments, which began on the Effective Date and will end on December 31, 2020. In the event Stelco exercises the option, Stelco will contribute an additional $500 million to the Joint Venture, which amount shall be remitted solely to U. S. Steel in the form of a one-time special distribution, and the parties will engage in good faith negotiations to finalize the master agreement (pursuant to which Stelco will acquire the Option Interest) and the limited liability company agreement of the Joint Venture. As of September 30, 2020, Stelco has made installment payments totaling $60 million which are recorded net of transaction costs in noncontrolling interest in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

The following table summarizes U. S. Steel’s financial liabilities that were not carried at fair value at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The fair value of long-term debt was determined using Level 2 inputs.

	September 30, 2020				December 31, 2019
(In millions)	Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount
Financial liabilities:
Short-term and long-term debt (a)	$	4,448	$	4,804	$	3,576	$	3,575

(a) Excludes finance lease obligations.

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17.    Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

The following table reflects the first nine months of 2020 and 2019 reconciliation of the carrying amount of total equity, equity attributable to U. S. Steel and equity attributable to noncontrolling interests:

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 (In millions)	Total		Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)		Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income		Common Stock		Treasury Stock		Paid-in Capital		Non- Controlling Interest
Balance at beginning of year	$	4,093	$	544	$	(478)	$	179	$	(173)	$	4,020	$	1
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net loss	(391)		(391)		—		—		—		—		—
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Pension and other benefit adjustments	52		—		52		—		—		—		—
Currency translation adjustment	(23)		—		(23)		—		—		—		—
Derivative financial instruments	(5)		—		(5)
Employee stock plans	2		—		—		0		(2)		4		—
Dividends paid on common stock	(2)		(2)		—		—		—		—		—
Balance at March 31, 2020	$	3,726	$	151	$	(454)	$	179	$	(175)	$	4,024	$	1
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net loss	(589)		(589)		—		—		—		—		—
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Pension and other benefit adjustments	29		—		29		—		—		—		—
Currency translation adjustment	20		—		20		—		—		—		—
Derivative financial instruments	15		—		15		—		—		—		—
Employee stock plans	8		—		—		0		0		8		—
Common Stock Issued	410		—		—		50		—		360		—
Dividends paid on common stock	(1)		0		—		—		—		(1)		—
Stelco Option Agreement	37		—		—		—		—		—		37
Other	(1)		—		—		—		—		—		(1)
Balance at June 30, 2020	$	3,654	$	(438)	$	(390)	$	229	$	(175)	$	4,391	$	37
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net loss	(234)		(234)		—		—		—		—		—
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Pension and other benefit adjustments	16		—		16		—		—		—		—
Currency translation adjustment	34		—		34		—		—		—		—
Derivative financial instruments	8		—		8		—		—		—		—
Employee stock plans	10		—		—		0		0		10		—
Dividends paid on common stock	(3)		0		—		—		—		(3)		—
Stelco Option Agreement	18		—		—		—		—				18
Other	1		1		—		—		—		—		—
Balance at September 30, 2020	$	3,504	$	(671)	$	(332)	$	229	$	(175)	$	4,398	$	55

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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 (In millions)	Total		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income		Common Stock		Treasury Stock		Paid-in Capital		Non- Controlling Interest
Balance at beginning of year	$	4,203	$	1,212	$	(1,026)	$	177	$	(78)	$	3,917	$	1
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net earnings	54		54		—		—		—		—		—
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Pension and other benefit adjustments	32		—		32		—		—		—		—
Currency translation adjustment	(17)		—		(17)		—		—		—		—
Derivative financial instruments	15				15
Employee stock plans	2		—		—		1		(6)		7		—
Common stock repurchased	(42)		—		—		—		(42)		—		—
Dividends paid on common stock	(9)		(9)		—		—		—		—		—
Cumulative effect upon adoption of lease accounting standard	(2)		(2)		—		—		—		—		—
Balance at March 31, 2019	$	4,236	$	1,255	$	(996)	$	178	$	(126)	$	3,924	$	1
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net earnings	68		68		—		—		—		—		—
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Pension and other benefit adjustments	32		—		32		—		—		—		—
Currency translation adjustment	12		—		12		—		—		—		—
Derivative financial instruments	(11)		—		(11)		—		—		—		—
Employee stock plans	12		—		—		1		(1)		12		—
Common stock repurchased	(28)		—		—		—		(28)		—		—
Dividends paid on common stock	(9)		(9)		—		—		—		—		—
Balance at June 30, 2019	$	4,312	$	1,314	$	(963)	$	179	$	(155)	$	3,936	$	1
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net loss	(84)		(84)		—		—		—		—		—
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Pension and other benefit adjustments	30		—		30		—		—		—		—
Currency translation adjustment	(40)		—		(40)		—		—		—		—
Derivative financial instruments	(2)		—		(2)		—		—		—		—
Employee stock plans	11		—		—		0		0		11		—
Common stock repurchased	(18)		—		—		—		(18)		—		—
Dividends paid on common stock	(8)		(8)		—		—		—		—		—
Other	(1)		(1)		—		—		—		—		—
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	4,200	$	1,221	$	(975)	$	179	$	(173)	$	3,947	$	1

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18.    Reclassifications from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (AOCI)

(In millions)	Pension and Other Benefit Items		Foreign Currency Items		Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Derivatives		Total
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	(843)	$	381	$	(16)	$	(478)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	6		31		(6)		31
Amounts reclassified from AOCI (a)	91		0		24		115
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	97		31		18		146
Balance at September 30, 2020	$	(746)	$	412	$	2	$	(332)
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	(1,416)	$	403	$	(13)	$	(1,026)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	(3)		(45)		(12)		(60)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI (a)	97		0		14		111
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	94		(45)		2		51
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	(1,322)	$	358	$	(11)	$	(975)

(a)See table below for further details.

	Amount reclassified from AOCI (a)
	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Details about AOCI components (in millions)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Amortization of pension and other benefit items
Prior service costs (a)	$	(1)	$	8	$	(4)	$	23
Actuarial losses (a)	32		33		96		101
Settlement, termination and curtailment losses (a)	2		3		2		3
UPI Purchase Accounting Adjustment	0		0		23		0
Total pensions and other benefits items	33		44		117		127
Derivative reclassifications to Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	6		5		28		19
Total before tax	39		49		145		146
Tax provision	(15)		(12)		(30)		(35)
Net of tax	$	24	$	37	$	115	$	111

(a)These AOCI components are included in the computation of net periodic benefit cost (see Note 10 for additional details).

19.    Transactions with Related Parties

Related party sales and service transactions are primarily related to equity investees and were $268 million and $367 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively and $710 million and $1,112 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The transaction to purchase UPI included the assumption of $135 million of accounts payable owed to U. S. Steel for prior sales of steel substrate to UPI. This amount is reflected as a reduction in receivables from related parties on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as both the corresponding receivable and payable amounts between U. S. Steel and UPI are eliminated in consolidation upon acquisition. See Note 5 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further details.

Purchases from related parties for outside processing services provided by equity investees amounted to $9 million and $7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively and $47 million and $23 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Purchases of iron ore pellets from related parties amounted to $19 million and $27 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $53 million and $78 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.

Accounts payable to related parties include balances due to PRO-TEC Coating Company, LLC (PRO-TEC) of $109 million and $82 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively for invoicing and receivables collection services provided by U. S. Steel on PRO-TEC's behalf. U. S. Steel, as PRO-TEC’s exclusive sales agent, is

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responsible for credit risk related to those receivables. U. S. Steel also provides PRO-TEC marketing, selling and customer service functions. Payables to other related parties totaled $4 million and $2 million for the periods ending September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

20.    Restructuring and Other Charges

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recorded restructuring and other charges of $130 million, which consists of charges of $72 million for the indefinite idling of our Keetac mining operations and a significant portion of Great Lakes Works, $13 million for the indefinite idling of Lorain Tubular Operations and Lone Star Tubular Operations, $13 million and $32 million for employee benefit costs related to Company-wide headcount reductions and headcount reductions under a VERP offered at USSK, respectively. Cash payments were made related to severance and exit costs of approximately $130 million. A portion of these cash payments, approximately $29 million, were funded by the postretirement benefit trust (VEBA) per an agreement with the United Steelworkers of America.

The activity in the accrued balances incurred in relation to restructuring programs during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 were as follows:

(In millions)	Employee Related Costs		Exit Costs		Non-cash Charges		Total
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	87	$	125	$	0	$	212
Additional charges	75		51		4		130
Cash payments/utilization	(93)		(37)		(4)		(134)
Balance at September 30, 2020	$	69	$	139	$	0	$	208

Accrued liabilities for restructuring programs are included in the following balance sheet lines:

(In millions)	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Accounts payable	$	47	$	46
Payroll and benefits payable	38		64
Employee benefits	30		23
Deferred credits and other noncurrent liabilities	93		79
Total	$	208	$	212

21.    Contingencies and Commitments

U. S. Steel is the subject of, or party to, a number of pending or threatened legal actions, contingencies and commitments involving a variety of matters, including laws and regulations relating to the environment. Certain of these matters are discussed below. The ultimate resolution of these contingencies could, individually or in the aggregate, be material to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. However, management believes that U. S. Steel will remain a viable and competitive enterprise even though it is possible that these contingencies could be resolved unfavorably.

U. S. Steel accrues for estimated costs related to existing lawsuits, claims and proceedings when it is probable that it will incur these costs in the future and the costs are reasonably estimable.

Asbestos matters – As of September 30, 2020, U. S. Steel was a defendant in approximately 850 active cases involving approximately 2,435 plaintiffs. The vast majority of these cases involve multiple defendants. About 1,540, or approximately 63 percent, of these plaintiff claims are currently pending in jurisdictions which permit filings with massive numbers of plaintiffs. At December 31, 2019, U. S. Steel was a defendant in approximately 800 cases involving approximately 2,390 plaintiffs. Based upon U. S. Steel’s experience in such cases, it believes that the actual number of plaintiffs who ultimately assert claims against U. S. Steel will likely be a small fraction of the total number of plaintiffs.

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The following table shows the number of asbestos claims in the current period and the prior three years:

Period ended	Opening Number of Claims	Claims Dismissed, Settled and Resolved (a)	New Claims	Closing Number of Claims
December 31, 2017	3,340	275	250	3,315
December 31, 2018	3,315	1,285	290	2,320
December 31, 2019	2,320	195	265	2,390
September 30, 2020	2,390	185	230	2,435

(a) The period ending December 31, 2018 includes approximately 1,000 dismissed cases previously pending in the State of Texas.

The amount U. S. Steel accrues for pending asbestos claims is not material to U. S. Steel’s financial condition. However, U. S. Steel is unable to estimate the ultimate outcome of asbestos-related claims due to a number of uncertainties, including: (1) the rates at which new claims are filed, (2) the number of and effect of bankruptcies of other companies traditionally defending asbestos claims, (3) uncertainties associated with the variations in the litigation process from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, (4) uncertainties regarding the facts, circumstances and disease process with each claim, and (5) any new legislation enacted to address asbestos-related claims.

Further, U. S. Steel does not believe that an accrual for unasserted claims is required. At any given reporting date, it is probable that there are unasserted claims that will be filed against the Company in the future. In 2019, the Company engaged an outside valuation consultant to assist in assessing its ability to estimate an accrual for unasserted claims. This assessment was based on the Company's settlement experience, including recent claims trends. The analysis focused on settlements made over the last several years as these claims are likely to best represent future claim characteristics. After review by the valuation consultant and U. S. Steel management, it was determined that the Company could not estimate an accrual for unasserted claims.

Despite these uncertainties, management believes that the ultimate resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on U. S. Steel’s financial condition.

Environmental matters – U. S. Steel is subject to federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations relating to the environment. These laws generally provide for control of pollutants released into the environment and require responsible parties to undertake remediation of hazardous waste disposal sites. Penalties may be imposed for noncompliance. Changes in accrued liabilities for remediation activities where U. S. Steel is identified as a named party are summarized in the following table:

(In millions)	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
Beginning of period	$	186
Accruals for environmental remediation deemed probable and reasonably estimable	5
Obligations settled	(29)
End of period	$	162

Accrued liabilities for remediation activities are included in the following Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet lines:

(In millions)	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Accounts payable	$	52	$	53
Deferred credits and other noncurrent liabilities	110		133
Total	$	162	$	186

Expenses related to remediation are recorded in cost of sales and were immaterial for both the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019. It is not currently possible to estimate the ultimate amount of all remediation costs that might be incurred or the penalties that may be imposed. Due to uncertainties inherent in remediation projects and the associated liabilities, it is reasonably possible that total remediation costs for active matters may exceed the accrued liabilities by as much as 20 to 30 percent.

Remediation Projects

U. S. Steel is involved in environmental remediation projects at or adjacent to several current and former U. S. Steel facilities and other locations that are in various stages of completion ranging from initial characterization through post-closure monitoring. Based on the anticipated scope and degree of uncertainty of projects, the Company categorizes projects as follows:

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(1)Projects with Ongoing Study and Scope Development - Projects which are still in the development phase. For these projects, the extent of remediation that may be required is not yet known, the remediation methods and plans are not yet developed, and/or cost estimates cannot be determined. Therefore, significant costs, in addition to the accrued liabilities for these projects, are reasonably possible. There are 5 environmental remediation projects where additional costs for completion are not currently estimable, but could be material. These projects are at Fairfield Works, Lorain Tubular, USS-POSCO Industries (UPI), the Fairless Plant, and the former steelmaking plant at Joliet, Illinois. As of September 30, 2020, accrued liabilities for these projects totaled $1 million for the costs of studies, investigations, interim measures, design and/or remediation. It is reasonably possible that additional liabilities associated with future requirements regarding studies, investigations, design and remediation for these projects could be as much as $25 million to $40 million.

(2)Significant Projects with Defined Scope - Projects with significant accrued liabilities with a defined scope. As of September 30, 2020, there are 4 significant projects with defined scope greater than or equal to $5 million each, with a total accrued liability of $105 million. These projects are Gary Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) (accrued liability of $27 million), the former Geneva facility (accrued liability of $26 million), the Cherryvale zinc site (accrued liability of $8 million) and the former Duluth facility St. Louis River Estuary (accrued liability of $44 million).

(3)Other Projects with a Defined Scope - Projects with relatively small accrued liabilities for which we believe that, while additional costs are possible, they are not likely to be significant, and also include those projects for which we do not yet possess sufficient information to estimate potential costs to U. S. Steel. There are 2 other environmental remediation projects which each had an accrued liability of between $1 million and $5 million. The total accrued liability for these projects at September 30, 2020 was $3 million. These projects have progressed through a significant portion of the design phase and material additional costs are not expected.

The remaining environmental remediation projects each have an accrued liability of less than $1 million each. The total accrued liability for these projects at September 30, 2020 was approximately $3 million. The Company does not foresee material additional liabilities for any of these sites.

Post-Closure Costs – Accrued liabilities for post-closure site monitoring and other costs at various closed landfills totaled $23 million at September 30, 2020 and were based on known scopes of work.

Administrative and Legal Costs – As of September 30, 2020, U. S. Steel had an accrued liability of $11 million for administrative and legal costs related to environmental remediation projects. These accrued liabilities were based on projected administrative and legal costs for the next three years and do not change significantly from year to year.

Capital Expenditures – For a number of years, U. S. Steel has made substantial capital expenditures to comply with various regulations, laws and other requirements relating to the environment. In the first nine months of 2020 and 2019, such capital expenditures totaled $8 million and $40 million, respectively. U. S. Steel anticipates making additional such expenditures in the future, which may be material; however, the exact amounts and timing of such expenditures are uncertain because of the continuing evolution of specific regulatory requirements.

EU Environmental Requirements - Under the Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS), USSK's final allocation of allowances for the Phase III period, which covers the years 2013 through 2020 is 48 million allowances. Based on projected total production levels, we started to purchase allowances in the third quarter of 2017 to meet the annual compliance submission in the future. As of September 30, 2020, we have purchased approximately 12.3 million European Union Allowances totaling €141.1 million (approximately $165.2 million) to cover the estimated shortfall of emission allowances. We estimate that the total shortfall will be approximately 12.2 million allowances for the Phase III period. The exact cost of complying with the ETS regulations will depend on future production levels and future emissions intensity levels, however our estimated shortfall of emission allowances is covered by purchased European Union Allowances.

The EU’s Industrial Emissions Directive requires implementation of EU determined best available techniques (BAT) for Iron and Steel production to reduce environmental impacts as well as compliance with BAT associated emission levels. Our most recent estimate of total capital expenditures for projects to comply with or go beyond BAT requirements is €138 million (approximately $161.6 million) over the actual program period. These costs may be mitigated if USSK complies with certain financial covenants, which are assessed annually according to EU funding rules. USSK complied with these covenants as of September 30, 2020. If we are unable to meet these covenants in the future, USSK might be required to provide additional collateral (e.g. bank guarantee) to secure the full value of estimated expenditures.

Environmental indemnifications – Throughout its history, U. S. Steel has sold numerous properties and businesses and many of these sales included indemnifications and cost sharing agreements related to the assets that were divested. The amount of potential environmental liability associated with these transactions and properties is not estimable due to the nature and extent of the unknown conditions related to the properties divested and deconsolidated. Aside from the environmental liabilities already recorded as a result of these transactions due to specific environmental remediation activities and cases (included in the $162 million of accrued liabilities for remediation discussed above), there are no other known probable and estimable environmental liabilities related to these transactions.

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Guarantees – The maximum guarantees of the indebtedness of unconsolidated entities of U. S. Steel totaled $7 million at September 30, 2020.

Other contingencies – Under certain operating lease agreements covering various equipment, U. S. Steel has the option to renew the lease or to purchase the equipment at the end of the lease term. If U. S. Steel does not exercise the purchase option by the end of the lease term, U. S. Steel guarantees a residual value of the equipment as determined at the lease inception date (totaling approximately $23 million at September 30, 2020). NaN liability has been recorded for these guarantees as the potential loss is not probable.

Insurance – U. S. Steel maintains insurance for certain property damage, equipment, business interruption and general liability exposures; however, insurance is applicable only after certain deductibles and retainages. U. S. Steel is self-insured for certain other exposures including workers’ compensation (where permitted by law) and auto liability. Liabilities are recorded for workers’ compensation and personal injury obligations. Other costs resulting from losses under deductible or retainage amounts or not otherwise covered by insurance are charged against income upon occurrence.

U. S. Steel uses surety bonds, trusts and letters of credit to provide whole or partial financial assurance for certain obligations such as workers’ compensation. The total amount of active surety bonds, trusts and letters of credit being used for financial assurance purposes was approximately $210 million as of September 30, 2020, which reflects U. S. Steel’s maximum exposure under these financial guarantees, but not its total exposure for the underlying obligations. A significant portion of our trust arrangements and letters of credit are collateralized by the Credit Facility Agreement. The remaining trust arrangements and letters of credit are collateralized by restricted cash. Restricted cash, which is recorded in other current and noncurrent assets, totaled $91 million and $190 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

Capital Commitments – At September 30, 2020, U. S. Steel’s contractual commitments to acquire property, plant and equipment totaled $730 million.

Contractual Purchase Commitments – U. S. Steel is obligated to make payments under contractual purchase commitments, including unconditional purchase obligations. Payments for contracts with remaining terms in excess of one year are summarized below (in millions):

Remainder of 2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	Later Years	Total
$162	$694	$621	$386	$163	$832	$2,858

The majority of U. S. Steel’s unconditional purchase obligations relates to the supply of industrial gases, and certain energy and utility services with terms ranging from two to 16 years. Unconditional purchase obligations also include coke and steam purchase commitments related to a coke supply agreement with Gateway Energy & Coke Company LLC (Gateway) under which Gateway is obligated to supply a minimum volume of the expected targeted annual production of the heat recovery coke plant, and U. S. Steel is obligated to purchase the coke from Gateway at the contract price. As of September 30, 2020, if U. S. Steel were to terminate the agreement, it may be obligated to pay in excess of $117 million.

Total payments relating to unconditional purchase obligations were $123 million and $167 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $425 million and $493 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

22.    Significant Equity Investments

Summarized unaudited income statement information for our significant equity investments for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 is reported below (amounts represent 100% of investee financial information):

(In millions)	2020		2019
Net sales	$	1,087	$	1,857
Cost of sales	983		1,624
Operating income	36		190
Net earnings	5		172
Net earnings attributable to significant equity investments	5		172

U. S. Steel's portion of the equity in net (loss) earnings of the significant equity investments above was $(11) million and $66 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, which is included in the (loss) earnings from investees line on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. While no equity investments

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were significant in the 2020 period, the amounts for 2020 in the table above reflect financial information for the equity investments that were significant equity investments in the 2019 period.

23.    Common Stock Issued and Repurchased

On June 22, 2020, U. S. Steel issued 50 million shares of common stock (par value $1 per share) at a price of $8.2075 per share, resulting in net proceeds of approximately $410 million.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, U. S. Steel repurchased 5,289,475 shares of common stock for approximately $88 million. In December 2019, the Board of Directors terminated the authorization for the common stock repurchase program that was announced in November 2018.

Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

U. S. Steel's results in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 were significantly impacted by market challenges in each of the Company's three reportable segments: North American Flat-Rolled (Flat-Rolled), U. S. Steel Europe (USSE) and Tubular Products (Tubular). In Flat-Rolled, for the three month period, results improved from the prior quarter due to the resumption of more typical operations from consumers of steel in North America that had been completely or partially shut down due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. As regions unevenly re-opened from pandemic related temporarily idlings, demand levels increased, though demand remains at below typical levels. While steel prices did increase towards the end of the quarter, continued low spot prices in the third quarter flowed through into slightly lower contractual prices impacting the quarter. For the nine month period, Flat-Rolled results were largely impacted by the reset of calendar year fixed contract prices, as well as lost shipments due to customer operating restrictions and lower demand as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result of the sharp decline in North American steel demand, driving raw steel capacity utilization rates sharply lower to almost 50%, there was also significant spot price erosion that followed. USSE continued to experience margin compression due to modestly recovered but still weak performance of the manufacturing sector combined with continued high levels of imports and high raw materials costs. In Tubular, the continued disruption in the oil and gas industry, as well as pandemic-related impacts, reduced demand for oil and gas and severely impacted energy prices, creating significant reductions of drilling activity in the U.S.

Net sales by segment

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in millions, excluding intersegment sales)	2020		2019		% Change		2020		2019		% Change
Flat-Rolled Products (Flat-Rolled)	$	1,728	$	2,277	(24)	%	$	5,199	$	7,221	(28)	%
U. S. Steel Europe (USSE)	495		518		(4)	%	1,403		1,933		(27)	%
Tubular Products (Tubular)	96		262		(63)	%	533		921		(42)	%
Total sales from reportable segments	2,319		3,057		(24)	%	7,135		10,075		(29)	%
Other Businesses	21		12		75	%	44		38		16	%
Net sales	$	2,340	$	3,069	(24)	%	$	7,179	$	10,113	(29)	%

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Management’s analysis of the percentage change in net sales for U. S. Steel’s reportable business segments for the three months ended September 30, 2020 versus the three months ended September 30, 2019 is set forth in the following table:

	Steel Products(a)
	Volume	Price	Mix	FX(b)	Other(c)	Net Change
Flat-Rolled	(17)%	(7)%	5%	—%	(5)%	(24)%
USSE	3%	(12)%	(1)%	6%	—%	(4)%
Tubular	(58)%	(6)%	1%	—%	3%	(60)%

(a) Excludes intersegment sales

(b) Foreign currency translation effects

(c) Primarily of sales of raw materials and coke making by-products

Net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019 were $2,340 million and $3,069 million, respectively.

•For the Flat-Rolled segment the decrease in sales resulted from decreased shipments (decrease of 500 thousand tons) across all products, lower average realized prices (decrease of $20 per net ton) across all products and continued significant levels of low-priced semi-finished and flat-rolled carbon and alloy steel imports.

•For the USSE segment the decrease in sales resulted from lower average realized prices (decrease of $48 per net ton) across most products.

•For the Tubular segment the decrease in sales resulted from decreased shipments (decrease of 103 thousand tons) across all products, lower average realized prices (decrease of $187 per net ton) across all products and continued high levels of energy tubular imports.

Management’s analysis of the percentage change in net sales for U. S. Steel’s reportable business segments for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 versus the nine months ended September 30, 2019 is set forth in the following table:

	Steel Products(a)
	Volume	Price	Mix	FX(b)	Other(c)	Net Change
Flat-Rolled	(19)%	(8)%	3%	—%	(4)%	(28)%
USSE	(22)%	(7)%	2%	—%	—%	(27)%
Tubular	(31)%	(9)%	(1)%	—%	—%	(41)%

(a) Excludes intersegment sales

(b) Foreign currency translation effects

(c) Primarily of sales of raw materials and coke making by-products

Net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019 were $7,179 million and $10,113 million, respectively.

•For the Flat-Rolled segment the decrease in sales resulted from decreased shipments (decrease of 1,729 thousand tons) across most products, lower average realized prices (decrease of $58 per net ton) across all products and continued significant levels of low-priced semi-finished and flat-rolled carbon and alloy steel imports (over 9.6 million metric tons worth over $6.2 billion from January to August 2020).

•For the USSE segment the decrease in sales resulted from decreased shipments (decrease of 632 thousand tons) across most products and lower average realized prices (decrease of $44 per net ton) across all products.

•For the Tubular segment the decrease in sales resulted from decreased shipments (decrease of 186 thousand tons) across all prime products, lower average realized prices (decrease of $230 per net ton) across all products and continued high levels of energy tubular imports (over 1.3 million metric tons worth over $1.5 billion from January to August 2020).

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses were $65 million and $199 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to $63 million and $223 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. The decrease in expenses in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 versus the same period in 2019 primarily resulted from the suspension of the Company's defined contribution plans during the second quarter of 2020.

Restructuring and other charges

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recorded restructuring and other charges of $130 million, which consists of charges of $72 million for the indefinite idling of our Keetac mining operations and a significant portion of Great

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Lakes Works, $13 million for the indefinite idling of Lorain Tubular Operations and Lone Star Tubular Operations, $13 million and $32 million for employee benefit costs related to Company-wide headcount reductions and headcount reductions under a VERP offered at USSK, respectively. Cash payments were made related to severance and exit costs of approximately $130 million. See Note 20 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further details.

Strategic projects and technology investments

The Company has articulated its “best of both” strategy which seeks to enhance the Company’s competitiveness and create long-term stockholder value by leveraging the technology of mini mills with the advantages of integrated mills to create value-added products differentiated by cost and capability. Our investment in Big River Steel is the cornerstone of this strategy.

In October 2019, the Company completed the first step in acquiring Big River Steel in Osceola, Arkansas through the purchase of a 49.9% ownership interest at a purchase price of approximately $700 million in cash, with a call option to acquire the remaining 50.1% within the next four years at an agreed-upon price formula based on Big River Steel’s achievement of certain metrics that include: free cash flow, product development, safety and the completion of a proposed expansion of Big River Steel's existing manufacturing line. Big River Steel currently operates a technologically advanced mini mill with approximately 1.65 million tons of steel making capacity and is currently constructing a second electric arc furnace that will double its steel making capacity.

The Company has been and is currently evaluating its alternatives with respect to the option to acquire the remaining 50.1% of Big River Steel, and it expects to continue to do so. We could exercise this option at any time, without prior notice. However, there can be no assurance as to if or when the Company will exercise the option.

In addition to the investment in Big River Steel, the Company has identified other core assets for investment as part of the “best of both” strategy.

The Company expects to invest approximately $500 million, of which approximately 45 percent has already been spent, to upgrade the Gary Works hot strip mill through a series of projects focused on expanding the line's competitive advantages. The Gary Works hot strip mill will further differentiate itself as a leader in heavy-gauge products in strategic markets. The Company plans to resume certain capability upgrades in conjunction with planned outages after having delayed upgrades as part of the Company's comprehensive response to impacts from COVID-19. The Company will continue to evaluate the pace and timeline for completing the remaining investments in the Gary Works hot strip mill.

In May 2019, U. S. Steel announced that it plans to construct a new endless casting and rolling facility at its Edgar Thomson Plant in Braddock, Pennsylvania, and a cogeneration facility at its Clairton Plant in Clairton, Pennsylvania, both part of the Company's Mon Valley Works. This investment in state-of-the-art sustainable steel technology is expected to significantly upgrade the production capability of our lowest liquid steel cost mill in the U.S., while further reducing conversion costs through improved process efficiencies, yield and energy consumption. The Company plans to purchase certain equipment for this project under our Export Credit Agreement to better prepare for groundbreaking when market conditions become more certain.

In February 2019, U. S. Steel restarted construction of the EAF steelmaking facility at its Tubular Operations in Fairfield, Alabama. The EAF is expected to strengthen the Company's competitive position and reduce rounds cost by $90 per ton as the Company becomes self-sufficient in its rounds supply. Construction of the EAF was completed in October 2020. Utilization of the EAF will be subject to overall demand in the Tubular business.

In January 2019, U. S. Steel announced the construction of a new Dynamo line at USSE. The new line, a $130 million investment, has an annual capacity of approximately 100,000 metric tons. Construction on the Dynamo line began in mid-2019 but due to challenging market conditions, has been paused. Upon its completion, the new line will enable production of sophisticated silicon grades of non-grain oriented (NGO) electrical steels to support increased demand in vehicles and generators.

COVID-19 and Disruptions in the Oil and Gas Industries

The global pandemic resulting from the novel coronavirus designated as COVID-19 has had a significant impact on economies, businesses and individuals around the world. Efforts by governments around the world to contain the virus have involved, among other things, border closings and other significant travel restrictions; mandatory stay-at-home and work-from-home orders in numerous countries, including the United States; mandatory business closures; public gathering limitations; and prolonged quarantines. These efforts and other governmental and individual reactions to the pandemic have led to significant disruptions to commerce, lower consumer demand for goods and services and general uncertainty regarding the near-term and long-term impact of the COVID-19 virus on the domestic and international economy and on public health. These developments and other consequences of the outbreak have had, and could continue to have, a material adverse impact on the Company's results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

The U.S. Department of Homeland Security guidance has identified U. S. Steel's business as a critical infrastructure industry, essential to the economic prosperity, security and continuity of the United States. Similarly, in Slovakia, U. S. Steel Košice (USSK) was identified by the government as a strategic and critical company, essential to economic prosperity, and continues to

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operate. The Company is following the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines and other applicable local requirements to mitigate the threat of COVID-19 exposure in our workplace.

The duration, severity, speed and scope of the COVID-19 pandemic remains highly uncertain and the extent to which COVID-19 will affect our operations depends on future developments, such as potential surges of the outbreak, which cannot be predicted at this time. Although the Company has continued to operate, it has experienced, and may continue to experience, significant reductions in demand for products. The Company believes that second quarter financial results marked the trough for the year, and the third quarter saw a meaningful improvement in customer demand.

The oil and gas industry, which is one of our significant end markets, has experienced and continues to experience, a significant amount of disruption and oversupply at a time of declining demand, resulting in a decline in profitability. Our Tubular operations support the oil and gas industry, and therefore the industry's decline has led to a significant decline in demand for our Tubular products. In the first quarter of 2020 the steep decline in oil prices was considered a triggering event for our welded tubular and seamless tubular asset groups, and as a consequence, we recorded a $263 million impairment charge for the welded tubular asset group (see Note 1 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further details).

In response to the initial decline in demand for our products resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and the disruptions in the oil and gas industry, we took a number of actions to mitigate the impact on our business and to preserve cash and enhance our liquidity, including:

•On June 22, 2020, we issued 50 million shares of common stock for $8.2075 per share, yielding net proceeds of approximately $410 million.

•On May 29, 2020, we completed the sale of $1.056 billion aggregate principal amount of 12.000% Senior Secured Notes due 2025 for net proceeds of approximately $977 million.

•On March 23, 2020, we borrowed an additional $800 million under the Credit Facility Agreement to bolster our cash balance. $100 million was repaid in the second quarter of 2020 and another $900 million was repaid in the third quarter of 2020.

•We announced a $125 million reduction in expected 2020 capital expenditures, including a delay in the construction of our endless casting and rolling line at Mon Valley Works.

Operating configuration changes in response to market conditions and COVID-19

The Company also adjusted its operating configuration in response to declining market conditions including the economic impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic, significant recent changes in global oil and gas markets and increasing global overcapacity and unfairly traded imports by indefinitely and temporarily idling certain of its facilities. U. S. Steel will continue to adjust its operating configuration in order to align production with its order book and meet the needs of our customers.

In the first half of 2020, we took actions to adjust our footprint by temporarily idling certain operations for an indefinite period to better align production with customer demand. The operations that remained idle as of September 30, 2020 included:

•Blast Furnace #4 at Gary Works

•Blast Furnace A at Granite City Works

•Lone Star Tubular Operations

•Lorain Tubular Operations

•Keetac Iron Ore Operations

•Wheeling Machine Products coupling production facility at Hughes Springs, Texas

As of September 30, 2020 the carrying value of the idled fixed assets for facilities noted above was: Gary Works blast furnace #4, $45 million; Granite City Works Blast Furnace A, $65 million; Lone Star Tubular Operations, $5 million; Lorain Tubular Operations, $70 million; and Keetac Iron Ore Operations, $80 million.

Additionally, U. S. Steel reduced coke production at its Clairton Plant and adjusted production at its Minntac operations in line with the blast furnace idlings. As market conditions change, we continually assess the footprint required to support our customers’ needs and make decisions about resuming production at idled facilities or increasing production at facilities operating at reduced levels. In connection with the temporary idlings described above, we have taken actions to appropriately streamline our footprint and workforce.

In December 2019, U. S. Steel announced that it would indefinitely idle a significant portion of Great Lakes Works. The Company began idling the iron and steelmaking facilities in March 2020 and the hot strip mill rolling facility in June 2020. The carrying value of the Great Lakes Works facilities that we intend to indefinitely idle was approximately $340 million as of September 30, 2020.

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Earnings (loss) before interest and income taxes by segment is set forth in the following table:

		Three months ended September 30,				% Change		Nine months ended September 30,				% Change
	(Dollars in millions)	2020		2019				2020		2019
Flat-Rolled		$	(159)	$	46	(446)	%	$	(523)	$	275	(290)	%
USSE		13		(46)		128	%	(27)		(27)		—	%
Tubular		(52)		(25)		(108)	%	(147)		(21)		(600)	%
	Total (loss) earnings from reportable segments	(198)		(25)		(692)	%	(697)		227		(407)	%
Other Businesses		(13)		8		(263)	%	(33)		26		(227)	%
	Segment (loss) earnings before interest and income taxes	(211)		(17)		(1,141)	%	(730)		253		(389)	%
Items not allocated to segments:
	Asset impairment charges	—		—				(263)		—
	Restructuring and other charges	—		(54)				(130)		(54)
	Gain on previously held investment in UPI	—		—				25		—
	Tubular inventory impairment charge	—		—				(24)		—
	December 24, 2018 Clairton coke making facility fire	—		(9)				4		(53)
Total (loss) earnings before interest and income taxes		$	(211)	$	(80)	(164)	%	$	(1,118)	$	146	(866)	%

Segment results for Flat-Rolled

	Three months ended September 30,						% Change		Nine months ended September 30,						% Change
	2020			2019					2020			2019
(Loss) earnings before interest and taxes ($ millions)	$	(159)		$	46		(446)	%	$	(523)		$	275		(290)	%
Gross margin	1		%	8		%	(7)	%	—		%	10		%	(10)	%
Raw steel production (mnt)	2,207			2,783			(21)	%	6,823			8,842			(23)	%
Capability utilization	52		%	65		%	(13)	%	53		%	70		%	(17)	%
Steel shipments (mnt)	2,155			2,654			(19)	%	6,454			8,183			(21)	%
Average realized steel price per ton	$	712		$	732		(3)	%	$	714		$	771		(7)	%

The decrease in Flat-Rolled results for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019 was primarily due to:

•lower average realized prices (approximately $130 million)

•decreased shipments, including substrate to our Tubular segment (approximately $60 million)

•decreased Mining sales (approximately $60 million),

these changes were partially offset by:

•lower raw material costs (approximately $10 million)

•decreased operating costs (approximately $20 million)

•lower energy costs (approximately $10 million)

•lower other costs (approximately $5 million)

The decrease in Flat-Rolled results for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019 was primarily due to:

•lower average realized prices (approximately $565 million)

•decreased shipments, including substrate to our Tubular segment (approximately $270 million)

•decreased Mining sales (approximately $100 million)

•increased other costs primarily due to lower joint venture earnings and higher depreciation (approximately $60 million),

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these changes were partially offset by:

•lower raw material costs (approximately $95 million)

•decreased operating costs (approximately $15 million)

•lower energy costs (approximately $85 million)

Gross margin for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019 decreased primarily as a result of lower sales volume and average realized prices.

Segment results for USSE

	Three Months Ended September 30,						% Change		Nine Months Ended September 30,						% Change
	2020			2019					2020			2019
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes ($ millions)	$	13		$	(46)		128	%	$	(27)		$	(27)		—	%
Gross margin	10		%	(2)		%	12	%	5		%	4		%	1	%
Raw steel production (mnt)	873			823			6	%	2,400			3,130			(23)	%
Capability utilization	69		%	65		%	4	%	64		%	84		%	(20)	%
Steel shipments (mnt)	790			765			3	%	2,201			2,833			(22)	%
Average realized steel price per ($/ton)	$	608		$	656		(7)	%	$	616		$	660		(7)	%
Average realized steel price per (€/ton)	€	520		€	590		(12)	%	€	548		€	587		(7)	%

The increase in USSE results for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019 was primarily due to:

•increased shipments (approximately $10 million)

•the weakening of the U.S. dollar versus the euro (approximately $10 million)

•lower raw material costs (approximately $55 million)

•lower operating costs (approximately $25 million)

•lower energy costs (approximately $10 million)

•lower other costs (approximately $10 million),

these changes were partially offset by:

•lower average realized prices (approximately $60 million)

The USSE results for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared equally in total to the same period in 2019 primarily due to:

•lower average realized prices (approximately $110 million),

this change was offset by:

•lower raw material costs (approximately $70 million)

•lower operating costs (approximately $15 million)

•lower energy costs (approximately $5 million)

•lower other costs (approximately $20 million)

Gross margin for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same periods in 2019 increased primarily as a result of lower costs.

Segment results for Tubular

	Three Months Ended September 30,						% Change		Nine Months Ended September 30,						% Change
	2020			2019					2020			2019
(Loss) earnings before interest and taxes ($ millions)	$	(52)		$	(25)		(108)	%	$	(147)		$	(21)		600	%
Gross margin	(39)		%	(4)		%	(35)	%	(20)		%	2		%	(22)	%
Steel shipments (mnt)	71			174			(59)	%	390			576			(32)	%
Average realized steel price per ton	$	1,230		$	1,417		(13)	%	$	1,271		$	1,501		(15)	%

The decrease in Tubular results for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the same period in 2019 was primarily due to:

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•lower average realized prices (approximately $10 million)

•decreased shipments, including volume inefficiencies (approximately $15 million)

•increased other costs (approximately $5 million)

these changes were partially offset by:

•decreased operating costs (approximately $5 million)

The decrease in Tubular results for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019 was primarily due to:

•lower average realized prices (approximately $80 million)

•decreased shipments, including volume inefficiencies (approximately $55 million)

•increased energy costs (approximately $5 million)

•increased other costs (approximately $15 million),

these changes were partially offset by:

•lower substrate and rounds costs (approximately $30 million)

Gross margin for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019 decreased primarily as a result of lower sales volume and average realized prices.

Results for Other Businesses

Other Businesses had losses of $13 million and $33 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to earnings of $8 million and $26 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. The decrease in earnings primarily resulted from recording our share of losses from our equity investment in Big River Steel.

Items not allocated to segments

•We recorded asset impairment charges of $263 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as described in Notes 1 and 9 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

•We recorded restructuring and other charges of $130 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2020. We recorded restructuring and other charges of $54 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2019. See Note 20 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further details.

•We recorded a $25 million gain on our previously held investment in UPI in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as described in Note 5 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

•We recorded a tubular inventory impairment charge of $24 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

•We recorded a $4 million reduction of costs associated with the December 24, 2018 Clairton coke making facility fire in the nine months ended September 30, 2020. We recorded $9 million and $53 million of costs associated with the December 24, 2018 Clairton coke making facility fire in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. See Environmental Matters, Litigation and Contingencies in the Liquidity and Capital Resources section for more details.

Net interest and other financial costs

	Three Months Ended September 30,				% Change		Nine Months Ended September 30,				% Change
(Dollars in millions)	2020		2019				2020		2019
Interest expense	$	84	$	32	(163)	%	$	198	$	97	(104)	%
Interest income	(1)		(3)		(67)	%	(6)		(13)		(54)	%
Other financial benefits	(30)		(4)		650	%	(26)		(2)		1,200	%
Net periodic benefit (income) cost (other than service cost)	(6)		23		126	%	(22)		69		132	%
Total net interest and other financial costs	$	47	$	48	2	%	$	144	$	151	5	%

Net interest and other financial costs remained consistent in the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the same period last year and included increased interest expense due to a higher level of debt, lower net periodic benefit cost (as discussed below) and increased other financial benefits, primarily from changes in the value of options related to our equity investment in Big River Steel.

Net interest and other financial costs remained consistent in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the same period last year and included lower net periodic benefit cost (as discussed below), increased other financial benefits, primarily from changes in the value of options related to our equity investment in Big River Steel and increased interest expense due to a higher level of debt.

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The net periodic benefit cost (other than service cost) components of pension and other benefit costs are reflected in the table above, and decreased in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the same periods last year primarily due to the better than expected 2019 asset performance, lower amortization of prior service costs, lower future healthcare costs, and reduced participation in our retiree health plans.

Income taxes

The income tax (benefit) provision was $(24) million and $(48) million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to $(44) million and $(43) million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.

The Company regularly evaluates the need for a valuation allowance for its deferred income tax benefits by assessing whether it is more likely than not it will realize these benefits in future periods. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, the Company considers all available evidence, both positive and negative, related to the likelihood of realization of its deferred income tax benefits, and based on the weight of that evidence, determines whether a valuation allowance is required.

During the third quarter of 2020, management reviewed the Company’s current and forecasted operating results, current economic market conditions impacting the steel industry, and tax planning strategies. As of September 30, 2020, the Company concluded that it is more likely than not the Company will be able to realize its foreign deferred income tax benefits in future periods. Management will continue to assess the need for a valuation allowance and given the cyclical nature of the steel industry, the continued high level of steel imports, and future demand for steel and steel related products, may reach a different conclusion in future periods. As of September 30, 2020, the Company’s net foreign deferred tax assets were $21 million.

Net losses attributable to United States Steel Corporation were $234 million and $1,214 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to a net loss of $84 million and net earnings of $38 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. The changes primarily reflect the factors discussed above.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Net cash used by operating activities was $149 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $396 million in the same period last year. The decrease in cash from operations is primarily due to lower financial results, partially offset by changes in working capital period over period. Changes in working capital can vary significantly depending on factors such as the timing of inventory production and purchases, which is affected by the length of our business cycles as well as our captive raw materials position, customer payments of accounts receivable and payments to vendors in the regular course of business. Funding from working capital during the first nine months of 2020 compared to the same period in 2019 increased primarily from reductions in inventory from reductions in production as a result of the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Our cash conversion cycle for the third quarter of 2020 increased by two days as compared to the fourth quarter of 2019 as shown below:

Cash Conversion Cycle	2020		2019
	$ millions	Days	$ millions	Days
Accounts receivable, net (a)	$1,099	40	$1,177	42
+ Inventories (b)	$1,398	61	$1,785	64
- Accounts Payable and Other Accrued Liabilities (c)	$1,630	62	$1,970	69
= Cash Conversion Cycle (d)		39		37

(a) Calculated as Average Accounts Receivable, net divided by total Net Sales multiplied by the number of days in the period.

(b) Calculated as Average Inventory divided by total Cost of Sales multiplied by the number of days in the period.

(c) Calculated as Average Accounts Payable and Other Accrued Liabilities less bank checks outstanding and other current liabilities divided by total Cost of Sales multiplied by the number of days in the period.

(d) Calculated as Accounts Receivable Days plus Inventory Days less Accounts Payable Days.

The cash conversion cycle is a non-generally accepted accounting principles (non-GAAP) financial measure. We believe the cash conversion cycle is a useful measure in providing investors with information regarding our cash management performance and is a widely accepted measure of working capital management efficiency. The cash conversion cycle should not be considered in isolation or as an alternative to other GAAP metrics as an indicator of performance.

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The last-in, first-out (LIFO) inventory method is the predominant method of inventory costing in the United States. At both September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019, the LIFO method accounted for 72 percent and 71 percent of total inventory values, respectively. In the U.S., management monitors inventory realizability by comparing the LIFO cost of inventory with the replacement cost of inventory. To the extent the replacement cost (i.e., market value) of inventory is lower than the LIFO cost of inventory, management will write the inventory down. As of September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019 the replacement cost of the inventory was higher by approximately $802 million and $735 million, respectively. Additionally, based on the Company’s latest internal forecasts and its inventory requirements, management does not believe there will be significant permanent LIFO liquidations that would impact earnings for the remainder of 2020.

Capital expenditures for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, were $591 million, compared with $978 million in the same period in 2019. Flat-rolled capital expenditures were $391 million and included spending for Mon Valley Endless Casting and Rolling, Gary Hot Strip Mill upgrades, Mining Equipment and various other infrastructure, environmental, and strategic projects. USSE capital expenditures of $64 million consisted of spending for improved emission control, BF 2 Stove and various other infrastructure and environmental projects. Tubular capital expenditures were $133 million and included spending for the Fairfield Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) project and various other infrastructure and environmental projects.

To align its strategic projects with the market realities, in March 2020 the Company announced a reduction in total planned capital expenditures for 2020 by $125 million to approximately $750 million. U. S. Steel’s contractual commitments to acquire property, plant and equipment at September 30, 2020, totaled $730 million.

Net cash provided by financing activities increased by $1.534 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019 as the Company bolstered its liquidity and financial flexibility through the receipt of net proceeds of $977 million from the issuance of the 2025 Senior Secured Notes, $240 million from borrowings on the Export-Import Credit Agreement and $410 million from the offering of 50,000,000 shares of common stock.

The following table summarizes U. S. Steel’s liquidity as of September 30, 2020:

(Dollars in millions)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,696
Amount available under $2.0 Billion Credit Facility Agreement	1,006
Amount available under USSK credit facilities	162
Total estimated liquidity	$	2,864

As of September 30, 2020, $321 million of the total cash and cash equivalents was held by foreign subsidiaries. Substantially all of the liquidity attributable to our foreign subsidiaries can be accessed without the imposition of income taxes as a result of the election effective December 31, 2013 to liquidate for U.S. income tax purposes a foreign subsidiary that holds most of our international operations.

Certain of our credit facilities, including the Credit Facility Agreement, the USSK Credit Agreement, the Export-Import Credit Agreement, and the Export Credit Agreement, contain standard terms and conditions including customary material adverse change clauses. If a material adverse change was to occur, our ability to fund future operating and capital requirements could be negatively impacted.

We may from time to time seek to retire or repurchase our outstanding long-term debt through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions, exchange transactions, redemptions or otherwise. Such purchases or exchanges, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, and other factors and may be commenced or suspended at any time. The amounts involved may be material. See Note 15 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further details regarding U. S. Steel's debt.

We use surety bonds, trusts and letters of credit to provide financial assurance for certain transactions and business activities. The use of some forms of financial assurance and cash collateral have a negative impact on liquidity. U. S. Steel has committed $210 million of liquidity sources for financial assurance purposes as of September 30, 2020. Increases in certain of these commitments which use collateral are reflected within cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.

As of September 30, 2020, Stelco has made installment payments totaling $60 million under the Option Agreement which are recorded in noncontrolling interest net of transaction fees in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. See Note 16 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further details.

We finished the third quarter of 2020 with $1.696 billion of cash and cash equivalents and $2.864 billion of total liquidity. Available cash is left on deposit with financial institutions or invested in highly liquid securities with parties we believe to be creditworthy. U. S. Steel management believes that our liquidity will be adequate to fund our requirements based on our current assumptions

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with respect to our results of operations and financial condition, including the continued impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly when taken together with the ongoing disruption in the oil and gas industry.

We expect that our estimated liquidity requirements will consist primarily of the remaining portion of our 2020 planned strategic and sustaining capital expenditures, interest expense, and operating costs and employee benefits for our operations after taking into account the footprint actions and cost reductions at our plants and headquarters described above, partially offset by the anticipated benefits of working capital management. Our available liquidity at September 30, 2020 consists principally of our cash and cash equivalents and available borrowings under the Credit Facility Agreement and the USSK Credit Facilities. Management continues to evaluate market conditions in our industry and our global liquidity position, and may consider additional actions to further strengthen our balance sheet and optimize liquidity, which may include drawing on available capacity under the Credit Facility Agreement and/or the USSK Credit Facilities, or reducing outstanding borrowings under those facilities from time to time if deemed appropriate by management.

Should we elect to exercise our call option to purchase Big River Steel, a portion of their indebtedness may necessitate a refinancing. The option exercise will trigger a change of control and/or event of default under certain existing indebtedness of Big River Steel in a principal amount of approximately $500 million, the governing documents of which provide the debt holders with the right to require the repurchase of the debt upon a change of control. If Big River Steel is unable to successfully amend such outstanding indebtedness, we may be required to refinance such indebtedness at a premium.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Long lived assets - U. S. Steel evaluates long-lived assets, primarily property, plant and equipment for impairment whenever changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of those productive assets exceed their recoverable amount as determined by the asset group's projected undiscounted cash flows. We evaluate the impairment of long-lived assets at the asset group level. Our primary asset groups are Flat-Rolled, welded tubular, seamless tubular and USSE. The steep decline in oil prices that resulted from market oversupply and declining demand was considered a triggering event for the welded tubular and seamless tubular asset groups. A quantitative analysis was completed for both asset groups and a $263 million impairment was recorded as of March 31, 2020 for the welded tubular asset group while no impairment was indicated for the seamless tubular asset group. There were no triggering events that required an impairment evaluation of our long-lived asset groups as of June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2020. See Note 1 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further details.

Financial instruments – The fair value of the options associated with our investment in Big River Steel can fluctuate significantly depending on fair valuation model inputs that include equity value, volatility and credit spread. A significant factor in determining equity value is the discounted forecasted cash flows of Big River Steel. Forecasted cash flows are primarily impacted by the forecasted market price of steel and metallic inputs as well as the expected timing of significant capital expenditures. The most recent updated forecast indicated an increase in the equity value which was the primary factor that led to a favorable mark-to-market adjustment of $34 million that is reflected in other financial benefits in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations for the three month period ended September 30, 2020. The future fair value of these financial instruments may vary significantly as forecasts are updated and other input fluctuations are included in the valuation model. See Note 16 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further details.

Environmental Matters, Litigation and Contingencies

Some of U. S. Steel’s facilities were in operation before 1900. Although the Company believes that its environmental practices have either led the industry or at least been consistent with prevailing industry practices, hazardous materials have been and may continue to be released at current or former operating sites or delivered to sites operated by third parties.

Our U.S. facilities are subject to environmental laws applicable in the U.S., including the Clean Air Act (CAA), the Clean Water Act (CWA), the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA), as well as state and local laws and regulations.

U. S. Steel has incurred and will continue to incur substantial capital, operating, and maintenance and remediation expenditures as a result of environmental laws and regulations, related to release of hazardous materials, which in recent years have been mainly for process changes to meet CAA obligations and similar obligations in Europe.

EU Environmental Requirements and Slovak Operations

Under the Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS), USSK's final allocation of allowances for the Phase III period, which covers the years 2013 through 2020 is 48 million allowances. Based on projected total production levels, we started to purchase allowances in the third quarter of 2017 to meet the annual compliance submission in the future. As of September 30, 2020, we have purchased approximately 12.3 million European Union Allowances (EUA) totaling €141.1 million (approximately $165.2 million) to cover the estimated shortfall of emission allowances. We estimate that the total shortfall will be approximately 12.2 million allowances for the Phase III period. The exact cost of complying with the ETS regulations will depend on future production levels and future emissions intensity levels, however our estimated shortfall of emission allowances is covered by purchased European Union Allowances.

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The EU’s Industrial Emissions Directive requires implementation of EU determined best available techniques (BAT) for Iron and Steel production, to reduce environmental impacts as well as compliance with BAT associated emission levels. Our most recent broad estimate of total capital expenditures for projects to comply with or go beyond BAT requirements is €138 million (approximately $161.6 million) over the actual program period. These costs may be mitigated if USSK complies with certain financial covenants, which are assessed annually according to EU funding rules. USSK complied with these covenants as of September 30, 2020. If we are unable to meet these covenants in the future, USSK might be required to provide additional collateral (e.g. bank guarantee) to secure the full value of estimated expenditures.

For further discussion of laws applicable in Slovakia and the EU and their impact on USSK, see Note 21 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, “Contingencies and Commitments - Environmental Matters, EU Environmental Requirements.”

New and Emerging Environmental Regulations

United States and European Greenhouse Gas Emissions Regulations

Future compliance with CO2 emission requirements may include substantial costs for emission allowances, restriction of production and higher prices for coking coal, natural gas and electricity generated by carbon-based systems. Because we cannot predict what requirements ultimately will be imposed in the U.S. and Europe, it is difficult to estimate the likely impact on U. S. Steel, but it could be substantial. On March 28, 2017, President Trump signed Executive Order 13783 instructing the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) to review the Clean Power Plan. On October 16, 2017, the U.S. EPA proposed to repeal the Clean Power Plan after reviewing the plan pursuant to President Trump’s executive order. Any repeal and/or replacement of the Clean Power Plan is likely to be challenged by various proponents of the plan, such as environmental groups and certain states. Any impacts to our operations as a result of any future greenhouse gas regulations are not estimable at this time since the matter is unsettled. In any case, to the extent expenditures associated with any greenhouse gas regulation, as with all costs, are not ultimately reflected in the prices of U. S. Steel's products and services, operating results will be reduced.

There have been no material changes in U. S. Steel’s exposure to European Greenhouse Gas Emissions regulations since December 31, 2019.

United States - Air

The CAA imposes stringent limits on air emissions with a federally mandated operating permit program and civil and criminal enforcement sanctions. The CAA requires, among other things, the regulation of hazardous air pollutants through the development and promulgation of National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) and Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) Standards. The U.S. EPA has developed various industry-specific MACT standards pursuant to this requirement. The CAA requires the U.S. EPA to promulgate regulations establishing emission standards for each category of Hazardous Air Pollutants. The U.S. EPA also must conduct risk assessments on each source category that is already subject to MACT standards and determine if additional standards are needed to reduce residual risks.

While our operations are subject to several different categories of NESHAP and MACT standards, the principal impact of these standards on U. S. Steel operations includes those that are specific to coke making, iron making, steel making and iron ore processing.

The U.S. EPA is currently in the process of completing a Residual Risk and Technology Review of the Integrated Iron and Steel MACT regulations, Coke MACT regulations, and Taconite Iron Ore Processing MACT regulations as required by the CAA. The U.S. EPA is under a court order to complete the Residual Risk and Technology Review of the Integrated Iron and Steel regulations no later than May 5, 2020; and to complete the Residual Risk and Technology Review of the Taconite Iron Ore Processing Regulations by June 30, 2020.

On August 16, 2019, U.S. EPA published a proposed Residual Risk and Technology Review (RTR) rule for the Integrated Iron and Steel MACT category in the Federal Register. Based on the results of U.S. EPA’s risk review, the Agency proposed that risks due to emissions of air toxics from the Integrated Iron and Steel category are acceptable and that the current regulations provided an ample margin of safety to protect public health. Under the technology review, U.S. EPA proposed that there are no developments in practices, processes or control technologies that necessitate revision of the standards. U.S. EPA accepted comments on the proposed rule until November 7, 2019. Based upon our analysis of the integrated iron and steel proposed rule, the Company does not expect any material impact if the rule is finalized as proposed. For the Taconite Iron Ore Processing category, based on the results of the Agency’s risk review, U.S. EPA is proposing that risks from emissions of air toxics from this source category are acceptable and that the existing standards provide an ample margin of safety. Furthermore, under the technology review, the Agency identified no cost-effective developments in controls, practices, or processes to achieve further emissions reductions. Therefore, U.S. EPA is proposing no revisions to the existing standards based on the RTRs. U.S. EPA accepted comments on the taconite proposed rule until October 25, 2019. Based upon our analysis of the proposed taconite rule, the Company does not expect any material impact if the rule is finalized as proposed. Because the U.S. EPA has not completed its review of the Coke MACT regulations, any impacts related to the U.S. EPA’s review of the coke standards cannot be estimated at this time.

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On March 12, 2018, the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC), along with other petitioners, submitted a CAA Section 126(b) petition to the U.S. EPA. In the petition, the DEC asserts that stationary sources from the following nine states are interfering with attainment or maintenance of the 2008 and 2015 ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) in New York: Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia. DEC is requesting the U.S. EPA to require sources of nitrogen oxides in the nine states to reduce such emissions. In a final rule promulgated in the October 18, 2019, Federal Register, EPA denied the petition. On October 29, 2019, New York, New Jersey, and the City of New York petitioned the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit for review of U.S. EPA’s denial of the petition. The matter remains before the Court.

The CAA also requires the U.S. EPA to develop and implement NAAQS for criteria pollutants, which include, among others, particulate matter (PM) - consisting of PM10 and PM2.5, lead, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone.

In June 2010, the U.S. EPA significantly lowered the primary NAAQS for SO2 from 140 parts per billion (ppb) on a 24-hour basis to an hourly standard of 75 ppb. Subsequently, U.S. EPA designated the areas in which Great Lakes Works and Mon Valley Works facilities are located as nonattainment with the 2010 standard for the SO2 NAAQS. The non-attainment designation requires the region to implement operational and/or capital improvements to demonstrate attainment with the 2010 standard. U. S. Steel worked with the Allegheny County Health Department (ACHD) in developing a State Implementation Plan (SIP) for the Allegheny County portion of the Pennsylvania SIP that includes reductions of SO2 and improved dispersion from U. S. Steel sources. On November 19, 2018, U.S. EPA published a proposed rule to approve the SIP. Pursuant to a consent decree in Center for Biological Diversity, et al., v. Wheeler, No. 4:18-cv-03544 (N.D. Cal.), EPA has agreed to take final action on the SIP submittal no later than April 30, 2020. In addition, as noted in the Legal Proceedings section, U. S. Steel continues to work with the regulatory authorities to address the Wayne County, Michigan (where Great Lakes Works is located) nonattainment status. The operational and financial impacts of the SO2 NAAQS are not estimated to be material at this time.

In October 2015, the U.S. EPA lowered the NAAQS for ozone from 75 ppb to 70 ppb. On November 6, 2017, the U.S. EPA designated most areas in which we operate as attainment with the 2015 standard. In a separate ruling, on June 4, 2018, the U.S. EPA designated other areas in which we operate as “marginal nonattainment” with the 2015 ozone standard. On December 6, 2018, U.S. EPA published a final rule regarding implementation of the 2015 ozone standard. Because no state regulatory or permitting actions to bring the ozone nonattainment areas into attainment have yet to be proposed or developed for U. S. Steel facilities, the operational and financial impact of the ozone NAAQS cannot be reasonably estimated at this time.

On December 14, 2012, the U.S. EPA lowered the annual standard for PM2.5 from 15 micrograms per cubic meter (ug/m3) to 12 ug/m3, and retained the PM2.5 24-hour and PM10 NAAQS rules. In December 2014, the U.S. EPA designated some areas in which U. S. Steel operates as nonattainment with the 2012 annual PM2.5 standard. On April 6, 2018, the U.S. EPA published a notice that Pennsylvania, California and Idaho failed to submit a SIP to demonstrate attainment with the 2012 fine particulate standard by the deadline established by the CAA. As a result of the notice, Pennsylvania, a state in which we operate, was required to submit a SIP to the U.S. EPA no later than November 7, 2019 to avoid sanctions. On April 29, 2019, the ACHD published a draft SIP for the Allegheny County nonattainment area which demonstrates that all of Allegheny County will meet its reasonable further progress requirements and be in attainment with the 2012 PM2.5 annual and 24-hour NAAQS by December 31, 2021 with the existing controls that are in place. On September 12, 2019, the Allegheny County Board of Health unanimously approved the draft SIP. The draft SIP was then sent to the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP). PADEP submitted the SIP to U.S. EPA for approval on November 1, 2019. To date, U.S. EPA has not taken action on PADEP’s submittal. On April 14, 2020, EPA proposed to retain the 12 ug/m3 annual and 35 ug/3 24-hour PM2.5 standards without revision.

In July 2018, the ACHD provided U. S. Steel, ACHD Regulation Subcommittee members and interested parties with draft regulations that would modify the existing air regulations applicable to coke plants in Allegheny County. While ACHD currently has some of the most stringent air regulations in the country governing coke plants, which apply to U. S. Steel’s coke plant in Clairton, Pennsylvania (the only remaining coke plant in Allegheny County and one of two remaining in Pennsylvania), the draft regulations would reduce the current allowable emissions from coke plant operations and would be more stringent than the Federal Best Available Control Technology and Lowest Achievable Emission Rate requirements. In various meetings with ACHD, U. S. Steel has raised significant objections, in particular, that ACHD has not demonstrated that continuous compliance with the draft rule is economically and technologically feasible. While U. S. Steel continues to meet with ACHD regarding the draft rule, U. S. Steel believes that any rule promulgated by ACHD must comply with its statutory authority. If the draft rule or similar rule is adopted, the financial and operational impacts to U. S. Steel could be material. To assist in developing rules objectively and with adequate technical justification, the June 27, 2019, Settlement Agreement, establishes procedures that would be used when developing a new rule. For further details on the June 27, 2019 Settlement Agreement with ACHD see "Item 1. Legal Proceedings - Environmental Proceedings - Mon Valley Works."

Environmental Remediation

In the United States, U. S. Steel has been identified as a potentially responsible party (PRP) at five sites under CERCLA as of September 30, 2020. Of these, there are three sites for which information requests have been received or there are other indications that U. S. Steel may be a PRP under CERCLA, but sufficient information is not presently available to confirm the

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existence of liability or to make a reasonable estimate with respect to any potential liabilities. There are also 18 additional sites for which U. S. Steel may be liable for remediation costs in excess of $100,000 under other environmental statutes, both federal and state, or where private parties are seeking to impose liability on U. S. Steel for remediation costs through discussions or litigation. At many of these sites, U. S. Steel is one of a number of parties involved and the total cost of remediation, as well as U. S. Steel’s share, is frequently dependent upon the outcome of ongoing investigations and remedial studies. U. S. Steel accrues for environmental remediation activities when the responsibility to remediate is probable and the amount of associated costs is reasonably estimable. As environmental remediation matters proceed toward ultimate resolution or as remediation obligations arise, charges in excess of those previously accrued may be required.

For further discussion of relevant environmental matters, see "Item 1. Legal Proceedings - Environmental Proceedings."

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

U. S. Steel did not enter into any new material off-balance sheet arrangements during the third quarter of 2020.

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

U. S. Steel continues to face import competition, much of which is unfairly traded, supported by foreign governments, and fueled by massive global steel overcapacity, currently estimated to be over 700 million metric tons per year. These imports, as well as the underlying policies/practices and overcapacity, impact the Company’s operational and financial performance. U. S. Steel continues to address these challenges that threaten the Company, its workers, its stockholders, and the country’s national and economic security.

As of the date of this filing, pursuant to a series of Presidential Proclamations issued in accordance with Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, U.S. imports of certain steel products are subject to a 25 percent tariff, except for imports from: (1) Argentina, Brazil, and South Korea, which are subject to restrictive quotas; (2) Canada and Mexico, which are not subject to either tariffs or quotas but tariffs could be re-imposed on surging product groups after consultations; and (3) Australia, which is not subject to tariffs, quotas, or an anti-surge mechanism. An August 2020 Presidential Proclamation reduced the fourth quarter 2020 quota for semi-finished steel imports from Brazil and announced December consultations regarding 2021 quotas. In August 2020, the U.S. and Mexico announced that Mexico would establish a steel export licensing system to monitor recent U.S. import surges of semi-finished steel, standard pipe, and mechanical tubing from Mexico through June 2021. In September 2020, the U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC) published new regulations that require steel import license applicants to report the “melted and poured” country of origin to monitor import surges and circumvention for products covered by the Section 232.

DOC is managing a process in which U.S. companies may request and/or oppose temporary product exclusions from the Section 232 tariffs or quotas. Over 186,000 exclusions have been requested for steel products. U. S. Steel opposes exclusion requests for products that are the same as, or substitute products for, those produced by U. S. Steel.

Several legal challenges to the Section 232 action continue before the U.S. Court of International Trade (CIT) and U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (CAFC). Multiple countries have challenged the Section 232 action at the World Trade Organization (WTO), imposed retaliatory tariffs, and/or acted to safeguard their domestic steel industries from increased steel imports. In turn, the United States has challenged the retaliation at the WTO.

Since its implementation in March 2018, the Section 232 action has supported the U.S. steel industry's and U. S. Steel’s investments in advanced steel capacity, technology, and skills, thereby strengthening U.S. national and economic security. The Company continues to actively defend the Section 232 action.

In February 2019, the European Commission (EC) imposed a definitive tariff rate quota safeguard of 25 percent on certain steel imports that exceed quotas effective through June 2021. In June 2020, the EC made several minor adjustments to the safeguard.

Antidumping duties (AD) and countervailing/antisubsidy duties (CVD) apply in addition to the Section 232 tariffs and quotas and the EC’s safeguard, and AD/CVD orders will last beyond the Section 232 action and EC’s safeguard. Thus, U. S. Steel continues to actively defend and maintain the 54 U.S. AD/CVD orders and 11 EU AD/CVD orders covering products U. S. Steel produces in multiple proceedings before the DOC, U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC), CIT, CAFC, the EC and European courts, and the WTO.

Following the 2018 investigation under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, the United States continues to impose 7.5 to 25 percent tariffs on certain imports from China, including certain steel products.

The Global Forum on Steel Excess Capacity, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Steel Committee and trilateral negotiations between the United States, EU, and Japan continue to address global overcapacity.

U. S. Steel will continue to execute a broad, global strategy to maximize opportunities and navigate challenges presented by imports, global steel overcapacity, and international trade law and policy developments.

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NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

See Notes 2 and 3 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

U. S. Steel is exposed to certain risks related to its ongoing business operations, including financial, market, political, and economic risks. The global pandemic resulting from the novel coronavirus designated as COVID-19 has had a significant impact on our business and the global economy. The economic uncertainty has increased volatility in the financial markets and could adversely affect our liquidity and ability to access the capital markets. In response to the decline in demand for our products resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, in March 2020 we borrowed an additional $800 million under the Credit Facility Agreement. After successful capital market activities and improvements in market conditions, the Company repaid $100 million and $900 million on the Credit Facility Agreement during the three month periods ended June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2020, respectively. As of September 30, 2020, the Company had approximately $1.3 billion in outstanding variable interest debt. An increase in the variable interest rate increases our interest expense and interest paid. A quarter percent increase in the variable interest rate on the amount of variable interest rate indebtedness as of September 30, 2020 would increase annual interest expense by approximately $3 million. See Note 15 in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further details.

Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

EVALUATION OF DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

U. S. Steel has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2020. These disclosure controls and procedures are the controls and other procedures that were designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports that are filed with or submitted to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission are: (1) accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures and (2) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in applicable law and regulations. Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2020, U. S. Steel’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

CHANGES IN INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

There have not been any changes in U. S. Steel’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fiscal quarter covered by this quarterly report, which have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, U. S. Steel’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

GENERAL LITIGATION

On April 11, 2017, there was a process waste-water release at our Midwest Plant (Midwest) in Portage, Indiana, that impacted a water outfall that discharges to Burns Waterway near Lake Michigan. U. S. Steel identified the source of the release and made the necessary repairs. We determined that all repairs were safely working as intended and, on April 14, 2017, resumed operations in a controlled, phased and highly monitored approach with extensive input from participating government agencies. The Company has since implemented substantial operational, process and notification improvements at Midwest. The Company has been presented with cost reimbursements, loss of use and penalty requests from the involved governmental agencies. In January of 2018, The Surfrider Foundation and the City of Chicago initiated suits in the Northern District of Indiana alleging Clean Water Act (CWA) and Permit violations at Midwest. On April 2, 2018, the U.S. EPA and the State of Indiana initiated a separate action against the Company and lodged a Consent Decree negotiated between U. S. Steel and the relevant governmental agencies consisting of all material terms to resolve the CWA and National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) violations at the Midwest Plant. A public comment period for the Consent Decree ensued. The suits that the Surfrider Foundation and the City of Chicago filed are currently stayed. The Surfrider Foundation and the City of Chicago also filed motions, which were granted, to intervene in the Consent Decree case. The United States Department of Justice (DOJ) filed a revised Consent Decree and a motion with the Court to enter the Consent Decree as final on November 20, 2019. Surfrider Foundation, City of Chicago and other non-governmental organizations filed objections to the revised Consent Decree. The DOJ and U. S. Steel made filings in support of the revised Consent Decree.

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On November 30, 2018, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) issued a new Water Discharge Permit for the Minntac Tailings Basin waters. The Permit contains new sulfate limitations applicable to water in the Tailings Basin and groundwater flowing from U. S. Steel’s property. The MPCA also acted on the same date, denying the Company’s requests for variances from ground and surface water standards and request for a contested case hearing. U. S. Steel filed appeals with the Minnesota Court of Appeals challenging the actions taken by the MPCA. Separate appeals were filed by a Minnesota Native American Tribe (Fond du Lac Band) and a nonprofit environmental group (Water Legacy). All cases were consolidated. On December 9, 2019, the Court issued a favorable ruling to U. S. Steel, removing the sulfate limitations for the Tailings Basin and groundwater. The opposing parties filed appeals with the Minnesota Supreme Court on January 8, 2020 which were accepted by that Court. Briefing is now complete with argument scheduled for November 9, 2020.

On October 2, 2017, an Amended Shareholder Class Action Complaint was filed in Federal Court in the Western District of Pennsylvania consolidating previously-filed actions. Separately, five related shareholder derivative lawsuits were filed in State and Federal courts in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and the Delaware Court of Chancery. The underlying consolidated class action lawsuit alleges that U. S. Steel, certain current and former officers, an upper level manager of the Company and the financial underwriters who participated in the August 2016 secondary public offering of the Company's common stock (collectively, Defendants) violated federal securities laws in making false statements and/or failing to discover and disclose material information regarding the financial condition of the Company. The lawsuit claims that this conduct caused a prospective class of plaintiffs to sustain damages during the period from January 27, 2016 to April 25, 2017 as a result of the prospective class purchasing the Company's common stock at artificially inflated prices and/or suffering losses when the price of the common stock dropped. The derivative lawsuits generally make the same allegations against the same officers and also allege that certain current and former members of the Board of Directors failed to exercise appropriate control and oversight over the Company and were unjustly compensated. The plaintiffs seek to recover losses that were allegedly sustained. The class action Defendants moved to dismiss plaintiffs’ claims. On September 29, 2018 the Court ruled on those motions granting them in part and denying them in part. On March 18, 2019, the plaintiffs withdrew the claims against the Defendants related to the 2016 secondary offering. As a result, the underwriters are no longer parties to the case. The Company and the individual defendants are vigorously defending the remaining claims. On December 31, 2019, the Court granted Plaintiffs’ motion to certify the proceeding as a class action. The Company's appeal of that decision has been denied by the Third Circuit Court of Appeals. Discovery is proceeding.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROCEEDINGS

The following is a summary of the proceedings of U. S. Steel that were pending or contemplated as of September 30, 2020, under federal and state environmental laws. Information about specific sites where U. S. Steel is or has been engaged in significant clean up or remediation activities is also summarized below. Except as described herein, it is not possible to accurately predict the ultimate outcome of these matters.

CERCLA Remediation Sites

Claims under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) have been raised with respect to the cleanup of various waste disposal and other sites. Under CERCLA, potentially responsible parties (PRPs) for a site include current owners and operators, past owners and operators at the time of disposal, persons who arranged for disposal of a hazardous substance at a site, and persons who transported a hazardous substance to a site. CERCLA imposes strict and joint and several liabilities. Because of various factors, including the ambiguity of the regulations, the difficulty of identifying the responsible parties for any particular site, the complexity of determining the relative liability among them, the uncertainty as to the most desirable remediation techniques, and the amount of damages and cleanup costs and the time period during which such costs may be incurred, we are unable to reasonably estimate U. S. Steel’s ultimate liabilities under CERCLA.

As of September 30, 2020, U. S. Steel has received information requests or been identified as a PRP at a total of five CERCLA sites, three of which have liabilities that have not been resolved. Based on currently available information, which is in many cases preliminary and incomplete, management believes that U. S. Steel’s liability for CERCLA cleanup and remediation costs at the other two sites will be between $100,000 and $1 million for one of the sites, and over $5 million for one site as described below.

Duluth Works

The former U. S. Steel Duluth Works site was placed on the National Priorities List under CERCLA in 1983 and on the State of Minnesota’s Superfund list in 1984. Liability for environmental remediation at the site is governed by a Response Order by Consent executed with the MPCA in 1985 and a Record of Decision signed by MPCA in 1989. U. S. Steel has partnered with the Great Lakes National Program Office (GLNPO) of U.S. EPA Region 5 to address contaminated sediments in the St. Louis River Estuary and several other Operable Units that could impact the Estuary if not addressed. An amendment to the Project Agreement between U. S. Steel and GLNPO was executed during the second quarter of 2018 to recognize the costs associated with implementing the proposed remedial plan at the site.

While work continues on refinement of the remedial design, permitting, contractor selection/procurement and educating the public and key stakeholders on the details of the plan, there has been no material change in the status of the project during the

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nine months ended September 30, 2020. Additional, design, oversight costs, and implementation of U. S. Steel's preferred remedial alternatives on the upland property and Estuary are currently estimated as of September 30, 2020 at approximately $44 million.

Resource Conservation Recovery Act (RCRA) and Other Remediation Sites

U. S. Steel may be liable for remediation costs under other environmental statutes, both federal and state, or where private parties are seeking to impose liability on U. S. Steel for remediation costs through discussions or litigation. There are 18 such sites where remediation is being sought involving amounts in excess of $100,000. Based on currently available information, which is in many cases preliminary and incomplete, management believes that liability for cleanup and remediation costs in connection with eight sites have potential costs between $100,000 and $1 million per site, five sites may involve remediation costs between $1 million and $5 million per site and five sites are estimated to or could have, costs for remediation, investigation, restoration or compensation in excess of $5 million per site.

For more information on the status of remediation activities at U. S. Steel’s significant sites, see the discussions related to each site below.

Gary Works

On October 23, 1998, the U.S. EPA issued a final Administrative Order on Consent (Order) addressing Corrective Action for Solid Waste Management Units (SWMU) throughout Gary Works. This Order requires U. S. Steel to perform a RCRA Facility Investigation (RFI), a Corrective Measures Study (CMS) and Corrective Measure Implementation. Evaluations are underway at six groundwater areas on the east side of the facility. An Interim Stabilization Measure work plan has been approved by U.S. EPA for one of the six areas and a contractor has been selected to install the remedial system. Until the remaining Phase I work and Phase II field investigations are completed, it is not possible to assess what additional expenditures will be necessary for Corrective Action projects at Gary Works. In total, the accrued liability for Corrective Action projects is approximately $27 million as of September 30, 2020, based on our current estimate of known remaining costs.

Geneva Works

At U. S. Steel’s former Geneva Works, liability for environmental remediation, including the closure of three hazardous waste impoundments and facility-wide corrective action, has been allocated between U. S. Steel and the current property owner pursuant to an agreement and a permit issued by the Utah Department of Environmental Quality (UDEQ). Having completed the investigation on a majority of the remaining areas identified in the permit, U. S. Steel has determined the most effective means to address the remaining impacted material is to manage those materials in a previously approved on-site Corrective Action Management Unit (CAMU). U. S. Steel awarded a contract for the implementation of the CAMU project during the fourth quarter of 2018. Construction, waste stabilization and placement along with closure of the CAMU are scheduled to be complete in 2020. U. S. Steel has an accrued liability of approximately $26 million as of September 30, 2020, for our estimated share of the remaining costs of remediation.

USS-POSCO Industries (UPI)

In February 2020, U. S. Steel purchased the remaining 50 percent interest in UPI, a former joint venture that is located in Pittsburg, California between subsidiaries of U. S. Steel and POSCO. Prior to formation of the joint venture, UPI's facilities were previously owned and operated solely by U. S. Steel which assumed responsibility for the existing environmental conditions. U. S. Steel continues to monitor the impacts of the remedial plan implemented in 2016 to address groundwater impacts from trichloroethylene at SWMU 4. Evaluations continue for the SWMUs known as the Northern Boundary Group and it is likely that corrective measures will be required, but it is not possible at this time to define a scope or estimate costs for what may be required by the California Department of Toxic Substances Control. As such, there has been no material change in the status of the project during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. As of September 30, 2020, approximately $1 million has been accrued for ongoing environmental studies, investigations and remedy monitoring. Significant additional costs associated with this site are possible and are referenced in Note 21 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements “Contingencies and Commitments - Environmental Matters - Remediation Projects - Projects with Ongoing Study and Scope Development.” See Note 5 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements "Acquisition" for further details regarding U. S. Steel's purchase of UPI.

In 2017, the Contra Costa Health Services Hazardous Materials Programs (County Health Services) conducted inspections of UPI’s facility, which resulted in the identification of several alleged environmental violations. Thereafter, UPI was able to resolve many of the issues to the satisfaction of County Health Services, but UPI also encountered some delays and disagreements pertaining to certain alleged violations. In 2018, County Health Services referred the matter to the Contra Costa District Attorney’s Office. In October 2019, UPI and the District Attorney’s Office agreed to a tentative settlement whereby UPI would pay $2.4 million in civil penalties in installments over 24 months. The tentative settlement also calls for UPI to spend $1 million on environmental compliance at its facility (expenditures that benefit UPI). In addition, the tentative settlement includes a $1 million suspended penalty that would be due if UPI were to fall out of compliance during the compliance period. The parties are currently in the process of negotiating and documenting the details of the settlement.

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Fairfield Works

A consent decree was signed by U. S. Steel, the U.S EPA and the U.S. Department of Justice and filed with the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama (United States of America v. USX Corporation) in December 1997. In accordance with the consent decree, U. S. Steel initiated a RCRA corrective action program at the Fairfield Works facility. The Alabama Department of Environmental Management, with the approval of the U.S. EPA, assumed primary responsibility for regulation and oversight of the RCRA corrective action program at Fairfield Works. While work continues on different aspects of the program, there has been no material change in the status of the project during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. In total, the accrued liability for remaining work under the Corrective Action Program, was approximately $26,000 at September 30, 2020. Significant additional costs associated with this site are possible and are referenced in Note 21 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements “Contingencies and Commitments - Environmental Matters - Remediation Projects - Projects with Ongoing Study and Scope Development.”

Fairless Plant

In April 1993, U. S. Steel entered into a consent order with the U.S EPA pursuant to RCRA, under which U. S. Steel would perform Interim Measures (IM), an RFI and CMS at our Fairless Plant. A Phase I RFI Final Report was submitted in September of 1997. With U.S EPA’s agreement, in lieu of conducting subsequent phases of the RFI and the CMS, U. S. Steel has been working through the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection Act 2 Program to characterize and remediate facility parcels for redevelopment. While work continues on these items, there has been no material change in the status of the project during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. As of September 30, 2020, the accrued liability to maintain the interim measures, and clear properties through the Act 2 process is approximately $121,000. Significant additional costs associated with this site are possible and are referenced in Note 21 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements “Contingencies and Commitments - Environmental Matters - Remediation Projects - Projects with Ongoing Study and Scope Development.”

Lorain Tubular Operations

In September 2006, U. S. Steel and the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (OEPA) commenced discussions about RCRA Corrective Action at Lorain Tubular Operations. A Phase I RFI on the identified SWMUs and Areas of Contamination was submitted in March 2012. While discussions continue with OEPA on drafting the Statement of Basis identifying potential remedies to address areas documented in the Phase II RFI, there has been no material change in the status of the project during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. As of September 30, 2020, costs to complete additional projects are estimated to be approximately $79,000. Significant additional costs associated with this site are possible and are referenced in Note 21 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements “Contingencies and Commitments - Environmental Matters - Remediation Projects - Projects with Ongoing Study and Scope Development.”

Joliet Works

The 50-acre parcel at the former Joliet Works is enrolled in the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency’s (IEPA) voluntary Site Remediation Program (the Program). The Program requires investigation and establishment of cleanup objectives followed by submission/approval of a Remedial Action Plan to meet those objectives. The 50-acre parcel was divided into four subareas with remedial activities completed in 2015 for three of the subareas. While work continues to define the extent of impacts at the remaining subarea, there has been no material change in the status of the project during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. U. S. Steel has an accrued liability of $226,000 as of September 30, 2020. Significant additional costs associated with this site are possible and are referenced in Note 21 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements “Contingencies and Commitments - Environmental Matters - Remediation Projects - Projects with Ongoing Study and Scope Development.”

Cherryvale (KS) Zinc

In April 2003, U. S. Steel and Salomon Smith Barney Holdings, Inc. (SSB) entered into a Consent Order with the Kansas Department of Health & Environment (KDHE) concerning a former zinc smelting operation in Cherryvale, Kansas. Remediation of the site proper was essentially completed in 2007. The Consent Order was amended on May 3, 2013, to require investigation (but not remediation) of potential contamination beyond the boundary of the former zinc smelting operation. On November 22, 2016, KDHE approved a State Cooperative Final Agency Decision Statement that identified the remedy selected to address potential contamination beyond the boundary of the former zinc smelting site. The Removal Action Design Plan was approved during the second quarter of 2018. The Waste Deposition Area design and the Interim Risk Management Plan (which includes institutional controls) were approved by KDHE during the fourth quarter of 2018. An amended consent order for remediation was signed in May 2019 and a remediation contract was executed in June 2019. U. S. Steel has an accrued liability of approximately $8 million as of September 30, 2020, for our estimated share of the cost of remediation.

South Works

On August 29, 2017, U. S. Steel was notified by the U.S. Coast Guard of a sheen on the water in the North Vessel Slip at our former South Works in Chicago, Illinois. U. S. Steel has been working with the IEPA under their voluntary Site Remediation Program since 1993 to evaluate the condition of the property including the North Vessel Slip. The result of this cooperative effort

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has been the issuance of a series of “No Further Remediation” (NFR) notices to U. S. Steel including one specific to the North Vessel Slip. U. S. Steel has notified the IEPA of the potential changed condition and is working closely with the IEPA and the U.S. Coast Guard to determine the source of the sheen and options to address the issue. U. S. Steel has an accrued liability of $322,000 as of September 30, 2020.

Air Related Matters

Great Lakes Works

In June 2010, the EPA significantly lowered the primary (NAAQS) for SO2 from 140 ppb on a 24-hour basis to an hourly standard of 75 ppb. Based upon the 2009-2011 ambient air monitoring data, the U.S. EPA designated the area in which Great Lakes Works is located as nonattainment with the 2010 SO2 NAAQS.

As a result, pursuant to the CAA, the Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes and Energy (EGLE) was required to submit a SIP to the U.S. EPA that demonstrates that the entire nonattainment area (and not just the monitor) would be in attainment by October 2018 by using conservative air dispersion modeling. To develop the SIP, U. S. Steel met with EGLE on multiple occasions and had offered reduction plans to EGLE but the parties could not agree to a plan. EGLE, instead promulgated Rule 430 which was solely directed at U. S. Steel. The Company challenged Rule 430 before the Michigan Court of Claims who by Order dated October 4, 2017, granted the Company’s motion for summary disposition voiding Rule 430 finding that it violated rule-making provisions of the Michigan Administrative Procedures Act and Michigan Constitution. Since Rule 430 has been invalidated and EGLE's SIP has not been approved, U.S. EPA has indicated that it would promulgate a Federal Implementation Plan (FIP) pursuant to its obligations and authority under the CAA. Because development of the FIP is in the early stages, the impacts of the nonattainment designation to the Company are not estimable at this time.

On January 17, 2019, U. S. Steel and EGLE met to discuss resolution of violations that were alleged to have occurred intermittently in 2017 and 2018 regarding opacity from: the D4 Blast Furnace slag pit, D4 Blast Furnace backdraft stack, B2 Blast Furnace casthouse roof monitor, B2 Blast Furnace backdraft stack, and Basic Oxygen Furnace Shop Roof Monitor; and exceedances of applicable limits at the pickle line. More recently, EGLE advised U. S. Steel that it was assessing a civil penalty of approximately $370,000 for these alleged violations. U. S. Steel and EGLE continue to negotiate resolution.

Granite City Works

In October 2015, Granite City Works received a Violation Notice from IEPA in which the IEPA alleges that U. S. Steel violated the emission limits for nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds from the Basic Oxygen Furnace Electrostatic Precipitator Stack. In addition, the IEPA alleges that U. S. Steel exceeded its natural gas usage limit at its CoGeneration Boiler. U. S. Steel responded to the notice and is currently discussing resolution of the matter with IEPA.

Although discussions with IEPA regarding the foregoing alleged violations are ongoing and the resolution of these matters is uncertain at this time, it is not anticipated that the result of those discussions will be material to U. S. Steel.

Minnesota Ore Operations

On February 6, 2013, the U.S. EPA published a FIP that applies to taconite facilities in Minnesota. The FIP establishes and requires emission limits and the use of low NOx reduction technology on indurating furnaces as Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART). While U. S. Steel installed low NOx burners on three furnaces at Minntac and is currently obligated to install low NOx burners on the two other furnaces at Minntac pursuant to existing agreements and permits, the rule would require the installation of a low NOx burner on the one furnace at Keetac for which U. S. Steel did not have an otherwise existing obligation. U. S. Steel estimates expenditures associated with the installation of low NOx burners of as much as $25 to $30 million. In 2013, U. S. Steel filed a petition for administrative reconsideration to the U.S. EPA and a petition for judicial review of the 2013 FIP and denial of the Minnesota SIP to the Eighth Circuit. In April 2016, the EPA promulgated a revised FIP with the same substantive requirements for U. S. Steel. In June 2016, U. S. Steel filed a petition for administrative reconsideration of the 2016 FIP to the U.S. EPA and a petition for judicial review of the 2016 FIP before the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals. While the proceedings regarding the petition for judicial review of the 2013 FIP remained stayed, oral arguments regarding the petition for judicial review of the 2016 FIP were heard by the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals on November 15, 2017. Thus, both petitions for judicial review remain with the Eighth Circuit. On December 4, 2017, U.S. EPA published a notification in the Federal Register in which the U.S. EPA denied U. S. Steel’s administrative petitions for reconsideration and stay of the 2013 FIP and 2016 FIP. On February 1, 2018, U. S. Steel filed a petition for judicial review of U.S. EPA’s denial of the administrative petitions for reconsideration to the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals. U.S. EPA and U. S. Steel reached a settlement regarding the five indurating lines at Minntac. Notice of a 30-day comment period of the settlement agreement was published in the September 11, 2019, Federal Register. The comment period expired on October 11, 2019. U. S. Steel will work with U.S. EPA to address any comments. U. S. Steel and U.S. EPA continue to negotiate resolution for Keetac.

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Mon Valley Works

On November 9, 2017, U.S. EPA Region III and the Allegheny County Health Department (ACHD) jointly issued a Notice of Violation (NOV) regarding the Company’s Edgar Thomson facility in Braddock, PA. In addition, on November 20, 2017, ACHD issued a separate, but related NOV to the Company regarding the Edgar Thomson facility. In the NOVs, based upon their inspections and review of documents collected throughout the last two years, the agencies allege that the Company has violated the CAA by exceeding the allowable visible emission standards from certain operations during isolated events. In addition, the agencies allege that the Company has violated certain maintenance, reporting, and recordkeeping requirements. U. S. Steel met with U.S. EPA Region III and ACHD several times. ACHD, U.S. EPA Region III and U. S. Steel continue to negotiate a potential resolution of the matter.

On December 24, 2018, U. S. Steel's Clairton Plant experienced a fire, affecting portions of the facility involved in desulfurization of the coke oven gas generated during the coking process. With the desulfurization process out of operation as a result of the fire, U. S. Steel was not able to certify compliance with Clairton Plant’s Title V permit levels for sulfur emissions. U. S. Steel promptly notified ACHD, which has regulatory jurisdiction for the Title V permit, and updated the ACHD regularly on efforts to mitigate any potential environmental impacts until the desulfurization process was returned to normal operations. Of the approximately 2,400 hours between the date of the fire and April 4, 2019, when the Company resumed desulfurization, there were ten intermittent hours where average SO2 emissions exceeded the hourly NAAQS for SO2 at the Allegheny County regional air quality monitors located in Liberty and North Braddock boroughs which are near U. S. Steel's Mon Valley Works facilities. On February 13, 2019, PennEnvironment and Clean Air Council, both environmental, non-governmental organizations, sent U. S. Steel a 60-day notice of intent to sue letter pursuant to the CAA. The letter alleged Title V permit violations at the Clairton, Irvin, and Edgar Thomson facilities as a result of the December 24, 2018 Clairton Plant fire. The 60-day notice letter also alleged that the violations caused adverse public health and welfare impacts to the communities surrounding the Clairton, Irvin, and Edgar Thomson facilities. PennEnvironment and Clean Air Council subsequently filed a Complaint in Federal Court in the Western District of Pennsylvania on April 29, 2019 to which U. S. Steel has responded. On May 3, 2019, ACHD filed a motion to intervene in the lawsuit which was granted by the Court. On June 25, 2019, ACHD filed its Complaint in Intervention, seeking injunctive relief and civil penalties regarding the alleged Permit violations following the December 24, 2018 fire. The parties are currently engaged in discovery.

Following up to its May 2, 2019, notice of intent to sue U. S. Steel, on August 26, 2019 the Environmental Integrity Project, the Breathe Project and Clean Air Council, environmental, non-governmental organizations, filed a complaint in the Western District Court of Pennsylvania alleging that the Company did not report releases of reportable quantities of hydrogen sulfide, benzene, and coke oven emissions from the Clairton, Edgar Thomson and Irvin facilities as would be required under CERCLA because of the fire. An action was initiated in Federal Court in the Western District of Pennsylvania. U. S. Steel moved to dismiss that action in its entirety. That motion was granted by the District Court on May 14, 2020. The Plaintiffs have appealed that dismissal.

On April 24, 2019, U. S. Steel was served with a class action complaint that was filed in the Allegheny Court of Common Pleas related to the December 24, 2018 fire at Clairton. The complaint asserts common law nuisance and negligence claims and seeks compensatory and punitive damages that allegedly were the result of U. S. Steel's conduct that resulted in the fire and U. S. Steel's operations subsequent to the fire. The parties are currently engaged in discovery. U. S. Steel is vigorously defending the matter.

Water Related Matters

On February 7, 2020, the Indiana Department of Environmental Management (IDEM) issued an Amended Notice of Violation and Proposed Agreed Order related to alleged NPDES permit water discharge violations at our Midwest Plant (Midwest) in Portage, Indiana during the period of November 2018 through December 2019 unrelated to the violations resolved in the Consent Decree. The Proposed Agreed Order seeks corrective actions, a civil penalty, and stipulated penalties for future violations. The parties continue to negotiate a Proposed Agreed Order.

ASBESTOS LITIGATION

As of September 30, 2020, U. S. Steel was a defendant in approximately 850 active cases involving approximately 2,435 plaintiffs. The vast majority of these cases involve multiple defendants. About 1,540, or approximately 63 percent, of these plaintiff claims are currently pending in jurisdictions which permit filings with massive numbers of plaintiffs. At December 31, 2019, U. S. Steel was a defendant in approximately 800 active cases involving approximately 2,390 plaintiffs. Based upon U. S. Steel’s experience in such cases, it believes that the actual number of plaintiffs who ultimately assert claims against U. S. Steel will likely be a small fraction of the total number of plaintiffs.

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The following table shows activity with respect to asbestos litigation:

Period ended	Opening Number of Claims	Claims Dismissed, Settled and Resolved(a)	New Claims	Closing Number of Claims
December 31, 2017	3,340	275	250	3,315
December 31, 2018	3,315	1,285	290	2,320
December 31, 2019	2,320	195	265	2,390
September 30, 2020	2,390	185	230	2,435

(a) The period ending December 31, 2018 includes approximately 1,000 dismissed cases previously pending in the State of Texas.

Historically, asbestos-related claims against U. S. Steel fall into three groups: (1) claims made by persons who allegedly were exposed to asbestos on the premises of U. S. Steel facilities; (2) claims made by persons allegedly exposed to products manufactured by U. S. Steel; and (3) claims made under certain federal and maritime laws by employees of former operations of U. S. Steel.

The amount U. S. Steel accrues for pending asbestos claims is not material to U. S. Steel’s financial condition. However, U. S. Steel is unable to estimate the ultimate outcome of asbestos-related claims due to a number of uncertainties, including: (1) the rates at which new claims are filed, (2) the number of and effect of bankruptcies of other companies traditionally defending asbestos claims, (3) uncertainties associated with the variations in the litigation process from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, (4) uncertainties regarding the facts, circumstances and disease process with each claim, and (5) any new legislation enacted to address asbestos-related claims.

Further, U. S. Steel does not believe that an accrual for unasserted claims is required. At any given reporting date, it is probable that there are unasserted claims that will be filed against the Company in the future. In 2019, the Company engaged an outside valuation consultant to assist in assessing its ability to estimate an accrual for unasserted claims. This assessment was based on the Company's settlement experience, including recent claims trends. The analysis focused on settlements made over the last several years as these claims are likely to best represent future claim characteristics. After review by the valuation consultant and U. S. Steel management, it was determined that the Company could not estimate an accrual for unasserted claims.

Despite these uncertainties, management believes that the ultimate resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on U. S. Steel’s financial condition.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

The outbreak of COVID-19 and disruptions in the oil and gas industry have had, and are expected to continue to have, an adverse impact on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

The global pandemic resulting from the novel coronavirus designated as COVID-19 has had a significant impact on economies, businesses and individuals around the world. Efforts by governments around the world to contain the virus have involved, among other things, border closings and other significant travel restrictions; mandatory stay-at-home and work-from-home orders in numerous countries, including the United States; mandatory business closures; public gathering limitations; and prolonged quarantines. These efforts and other governmental, business and individual responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have led to significant disruptions to commerce, lower consumer demand for goods and services and general uncertainty regarding the near-term and long-term impact of the COVID-19 virus on the domestic and international economy and on public health. These developments and other consequences of the outbreak have and could continue to materially adversely impact the Company's results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

The U.S. Department of Homeland Security guidance has identified U. S. Steel's business as a critical infrastructure industry, essential to the economic prosperity, security and continuity of the United States. Similarly, in Slovakia, U. S. Steel Kosice was identified by the government as a strategic and critical company, essential to economic prosperity, and continues to operate. However, although we continue to operate, we have experienced and are likely to continue to experience, significant reductions in demand. The oil and gas industry, which is one of our significant end markets, has been experiencing a significant amount of disruption and has been experiencing oversupply at a time of declining demand, resulting in a decline in profitability. Our Tubular operations support the oil and gas industry, and therefore the industry's decline has led to a significant decline in demand for our Tubular products. We also may experience disruptions to our operations resulting from changes in government policy or guidance; quarantines of employees, customers and suppliers in areas affected by the outbreak; and closures of businesses or manufacturing facilities that are critical to our business or our supply chain.

The COVID-19 pandemic could also adversely affect our liquidity and ability to access the capital markets. The Company’s credit ratings were downgraded earlier this year by three credit ratings agencies, all citing, among other things, the uncertainty in duration and impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on our business. Uncertainty regarding the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and disruptions to the oil and gas industry may, for example, adversely impact our ability to raise additional capital, or require

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additional capital, or require additional reductions in capital expenditures that are otherwise needed, to support working capital or continuation of our "best of both" strategy. Additionally, government stimulus programs may not be available to the Company, its customers, or its suppliers, or may prove to be ineffective. Furthermore, in the event that the impact from the COVID-19 outbreak causes us to be unable to satisfy any of our financial covenants under the agreements governing our outstanding indebtedness, the availability of credit facilities may become limited, or we may be required to renegotiate such agreements on less favorable terms. For example, based on the most recent four quarters as of September 30, 2020, we have not met the fixed charge negative covenant test under our Credit Facility Agreement, and accordingly, the amount available to the Company under this facility was reduced by $200 million. In addition, since the value of our inventory and trade accounts receivable less specified reserves calculated in accordance with the Credit Facility Agreement do not support the full amount of the facility at September 30, 2020, the amount available to the Company under this facility was further reduced by $294 million. As of September 30, 2020, the availability under the Credit Facility Agreement was $1.006 billion. If we are unable to access additional credit at the levels we require, or the cost of credit is greater than expected, it could materially adversely affect our operating results.

COVID-19 could negatively affect our internal controls over financial reporting as a portion of our workforce is required to work from home and therefore new processes, procedures, and controls could be required to respond to changes in our business environment.

The Company may be susceptible to increased litigation related to, among other things, the financial impacts of the pandemic on its business, its ability to meet contractual obligations due to the pandemic, employment practices or policies adopted during the health crisis, or litigation related to individuals contracting COVID-19 as result of alleged exposures on Company premises.

In addition, the COVID-19 outbreak has significantly increased economic and demand uncertainty. The current outbreak and continued spread of COVID-19 has caused a global recession, which has had a further material adverse impact on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. The full extent to which the COVID-19 outbreak will affect our operations, and the steel industry generally, remains highly uncertain and will ultimately depend on future developments which cannot be predicted at this time, including, but not limited to, the duration, severity, speed and scope of the outbreak, the length of time required for demand to return and normal economic and operating conditions to resume. The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak may also have the effect of exacerbating many of the other risks described in Item 1A. "Risk Factors" of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.

We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all of our debt, and may be forced to take other actions to satisfy our obligations under our debt, which may not be successful.

Our ability to make scheduled payments on or refinance our debt obligations depends on our financial condition and operating performance, which are subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions and to certain financial, business, legislative, regulatory and other factors beyond our control, such as the disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the disruption in the oil and gas industry. We may be unable to maintain a level of cash flows from operating activities sufficient to permit us to pay the principal, premium, if any, and interest on our debt.

If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we could face substantial liquidity problems and could be forced to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures or to dispose of material assets or operations, seek additional debt or equity capital or restructure or refinance our debt. We may not be able to effect any such alternative measures, if necessary, on commercially reasonable terms or at all and, even if successful, those alternative actions may not allow us to meet our scheduled debt service obligations. The Credit Facility Agreement governing the ABL Facility, the documents governing the USSK Credit Facilities, the documents governing the Export-Import Credit Agreement and the indentures governing our existing senior unsecured notes and our 2025 Senior Secured Notes restrict our ability to dispose of assets and may also restrict our ability to raise debt or equity capital to be used to repay other debt when it becomes due. We may not be able to consummate those dispositions or to obtain proceeds in an amount sufficient to meet any debt service obligations then due.

Our inability to generate sufficient cash flows to satisfy our debt obligations, or to refinance our debt on commercially reasonable terms or at all, would materially and adversely affect our financial position and results of operations.

If we cannot make scheduled payments on our debt, we will be in default and holders of our notes could declare all outstanding principal and interest to be due and payable, the lenders under the ABL Facility and the USSK Credit Facilities could terminate their commitments to loan money, accelerate full repayment of any or all amounts outstanding (which may result in the cross-acceleration of certain of our other debt obligations) and the lenders could foreclose against the assets securing their borrowings and we could be forced into bankruptcy or liquidation. All of these events would materially and adversely affect our financial position and results of operations.

We may not fully realize the expected monetary benefits from our iron ore assets.

A component of our strategy includes monetizing our excess iron ore assets. Once Stelco Inc. completes the remaining payments and U. S. Steel has received the $100 million aggregate option price, Stelco will hold an option (“Option”) to acquire an

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undivided 25% interest in a to-be-formed entity that will own the Company’s current iron ore mine located in Mt. Iron, Minnesota. There is a possibility that Stelco may not make the remaining partial payments and may not exercise its Option in the anticipated timeframe or at all. If the proposed joint venture with Stelco is not successful, fails to provide the benefits we expect, or is not created at all, we may in the future have more iron ore than we need to support the business. Additionally, the existence of the Option may deter future potential opportunities to monetize the iron ore assets.

Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

The information concerning mine safety violations and other regulatory matters required by Section 150 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform Act and Item 104 of Regulation S-K is included in Exhibit 95 to this Form 10-Q.

Item 5. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

Item 6. EXHIBITS

31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Rules 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Rules 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
95	Mine Safety Disclosure required under Section 1503 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act.
101	The following financial information from United States Steel Corporation's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2020 formatted in Inline XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) includes: (i) the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss), (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet, (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows, and (v) Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File - (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

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SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned chief accounting officer thereunto duly authorized.

UNITED STATES STEEL CORPORATION
By	/s/ Manpreet S. Grewal
	Manpreet S. Grewal
	Vice President & Controller

October 30, 2020

WEB SITE POSTING

This Form 10-Q will be posted on the U. S. Steel web site, www.ussteel.com, within a few days of its filing.

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