Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 9 Months Ended |
Sep. 30, 2013 |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | WESTWOOD HOLDINGS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES |
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
(Unaudited) |
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
Basis of Presentation |
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared without an audit and reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) that, in the opinion of management, are necessary to present fairly our interim financial position and results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are presented using the accrual basis of accounting and have been prepared in accordance with the instructions for the presentation of interim financial information as prescribed by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). |
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements, and notes thereto, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012. Operating results for the periods in these condensed consolidated financial statements are not necessarily indicative of the results for any future period. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and include the accounts of Westwood and its subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation. |
Use of Estimates |
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. |
Revenue Recognition |
Investment advisory and trust fees are recognized as services are provided and are largely dependent on the total value and composition of assets under management (“AUM”). Accordingly, fluctuations in financial markets and in the composition of AUM impact revenues and results of operations. These fees are determined in accordance with contracts between our subsidiaries and their clients and are generally based on a percentage of AUM. A limited number of our clients have contractual performance-based fee arrangements, which pay us an additional fee when we outperform a specified index over a specific period of time. We record revenue for performance-based fees at the end of the measurement periods. Most advisory and trust fees are payable in advance or in arrears on a calendar quarterly basis. Advance payments are deferred and recognized over the periods services are performed. Since billing periods for most of our advance paying clients coincide with the calendar quarter to which payment relates, revenue is fully recognized within the quarter. Consequently there is not a significant amount of deferred revenue contained in our financial statements. Deferred revenue is included on the balance sheet under the heading of “Accounts payable and accrued liabilities”. |
Other revenues generally consist of interest and investment income and losses. These revenues are recognized as earned or as the services are performed. |
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WESTWOOD HOLDINGS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES |
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
(Unaudited) |
Consolidation |
We assess each legal entity that we manage to determine whether consolidation is appropriate at the onset of the relationship. We first determine whether the entity is a voting interest entity (“VOE”), or a variable interest entity (“VIE”), under GAAP and then whether we have a controlling financial interest in the entity. Assessing whether an entity is a VOE or VIE and if it requires consolidation involves judgment and analysis. Factors considered in this assessment include, but are not limited to, the legal organization of the entity, our equity ownership and contractual involvement with the entity and any related party or de facto agent implications of our involvement with the entity. We reconsider whether entities are a VOE or VIE whenever contractual arrangements change, the entity receives additional equity or returns equity to its investors or changes in facts and circumstances occur that change the investors’ ability to direct the activities of the entity. |
A VIE is an entity in which (i) the total equity investment at risk is not sufficient to enable the entity to finance its activities without subordinated financial support or (ii) the at-risk equity holders do not have the normal characteristics of a controlling financial interest. That is, the at-risk equity holders do not have the obligation to absorb losses, the right to receive residual returns and/or the right to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance. An enterprise must consolidate all VIEs of which it is the primary beneficiary. We determine if a sponsored investment meets the definition of a VIE by considering whether the fund’s equity investment at risk is sufficient to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support and whether the fund’s at-risk equity holders absorb any losses, have the right to receive residual returns and have the right to direct the activities of the entity most responsible for the entity’s economic performance. For VIEs that are investment companies, the primary beneficiary of the VIE is the party that absorbs a majority of the expected losses of the VIE, receives a majority of the expected residual returns of the VIE, or both. For VIEs that are not investment companies, the primary beneficiary of a VIE is defined as the party who, considering the involvement of related parties and de facto agents, has (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly affect its economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the entity or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. This evaluation is updated continuously. |
A VOE is an entity that is not within the scope of the guidance for VIEs. Consolidation of a VOE is required when a reporting entity owns a controlling financial interest in a VOE. Ownership of a majority of the voting interests is the usual condition for a controlling financial interest. At September 30, 2013, none of our sponsored investment entities were VOEs subject to this assessment by the Company. |
The Westwood Investment Funds PLC (the “UCITS Fund”), which was authorized by the Central Bank of Ireland on June 18, 2013 pursuant to the European Communities (Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities) Regulations 2011, is an Ireland domiciled umbrella-type open-ended self-managed investment company. The UCITS Fund is established as an umbrella fund with segregated assets and liabilities between sub-funds. Notwithstanding the segregation of assets and liabilities within each sub-fund, the UCITS Fund is a single legal entity and no sub-fund constitutes a legal entity separate from the UCITS Fund itself. The Company’s first UCITS sub-fund is focused on Westwood’s Emerging Markets strategy. Shares of the sub-fund are listed on the Irish Stock Exchange, all of which are owned by the third-party investors. The base currency of the UCITS Fund is Great Britain pound sterling. We determined that the UCITS Fund was a VIE as its at-risk equity holders do not have the ability to direct the activities of the UCITS Fund that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance. Although the Company does not have an equity investment in the UCITS Fund, through its representatives having a majority control of the UCITS Fund’s Board of Directors its representatives can influence the UCITS Fund’s management and affairs. The UCITS’s Fund Board of Directors maintains this control through its duties which are stated in the UCITS Funds’ Memorandum and Articles of Association which has no expiration date. We concluded that the Company was not the primary beneficiary of the UCITS Fund because even though it has the power to direct the activities of the UCITS Fund (that most significantly impact the fund’s economic performance), it does not absorb a majority of the UCITS Fund’s expected losses and does not receive a majority of the UCITS Fund’s expected residual returns. As a result, the results of the UCITS Fund are not included in the Company’s consolidated financial results. |
We have also evaluated all of our other advisory relationships and our relationship as sponsor of the common trust funds to determine whether or not we qualify as the primary beneficiary based on whether there is an obligation to absorb the majority of expected losses or a right to receive the majority of residual returns. Since all losses and returns are distributed to the shareholders of the Westwood VIEs, we are not the primary beneficiary and consequently the Westwood VIEs are not included in our condensed consolidated financial statements. We have included the disclosures related to VIEs in Note 8. |
Cash and Cash Equivalents |
Cash and cash equivalents consist of short-term, highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less, other than pooled investment vehicles that are considered investments. |
Accounts Receivable |
Our accounts receivable balances generally consist of advisory and trust fees receivable from customers that we believe and have experienced to be fully collectable. Our trade accounts receivable balances do not include any allowance for doubtful accounts nor has any bad debt expense attributable to trade receivables been recorded for the periods presented in these condensed consolidated financial statements. |
Investments |
All marketable securities are classified as trading securities and are carried at quoted market value on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. Net unrealized holding gains or losses on investments classified as trading securities are reflected as a component of other revenues. We measure realized gains and losses on investments using the specific identification method. Investments include shares of Westwood mutual funds awarded to employees pursuant to mutual fund share incentive awards described in Note 9. |
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets |
Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of acquired assets over the fair value of the underlying identifiable assets at the date of acquisition. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested at least annually for impairment. We test more frequently if indicators are present or changes in circumstances suggest that impairment may exist. These indicators include, among others, declines in sales, earnings or cash flows, or the development of a material adverse change in the business climate. We assess goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level, which is defined as an operating segment or one level below an operating segment, referred to as a component. We have identified two reporting units, which are consistent with our reporting segments: Advisory and Trust. The Company is not required to calculate the fair value of a reporting unit unless the Company determines that it is more likely than not that its fair value is less than the carrying amount. The Company assesses goodwill for impairment using a qualitative assessment which includes consideration of the current trends in the industry in which the Company operates, macroeconomic conditions, recent financial performance of the Company’s reporting units and a market multiple approach valuation. |
In performing the annual impairment test, which is performed during the third quarter or more frequently when impairment indicators exist and after assessing the qualitative factors, we may be required to utilize the two-step approach prescribed. The first step requires a comparison of each reporting unit’s carrying value to the fair value of the respective unit. If the carrying value exceeds the fair value, a second step is performed to measure the amount of impairment loss, if any. The fair value of each reporting unit is estimated, entirely or predominantly, using a market multiple approach. During the third quarter of 2013, we completed our annual goodwill impairment assessment and determined that no impairment loss was required. No impairments were recorded during any of the periods presented. |
Our intangible assets represent the acquisition date fair value of acquired client relationships, trade names and non-compete agreements and are reflected net of amortization. In valuing these assets, we made significant estimates regarding their useful lives, growth rates and potential attrition. We periodically review intangible assets for events or circumstances that would indicate impairment. For a further discussion of our intangible assets see Note 6. |
Income Taxes |
We file a United States (U.S.) federal income tax return as a consolidated group for Westwood and its subsidiaries based in the U.S. We separately file a Canadian income tax return for Westwood International. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on temporary differences between the financial statement and income tax bases of assets and liabilities as measured at enacted income tax rates. Deferred income tax expense is generally the result of changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred taxes relate primarily to stock-based compensation expense and net operating losses at Westwood International. |
We would record a valuation allowance, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to an amount that more likely than not would be realized. No valuation allowance has been recorded in our financial statements. |
Currency Translation |
Assets and liabilities of Westwood International, our non-U.S. dollar functional currency subsidiary, are translated at exchange rates as of the applicable reporting dates. Revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates during the periods indicated. The gains and losses resulting from translating non-U.S. dollar functional currency into U.S. dollars are recorded through other comprehensive income. |
Long-term Compensation Agreements |
We entered into employment agreements with certain employees of Westwood International that provide for specified payments over four years. In certain circumstances, these payments would be forfeited to us if the employment of these individuals is terminated before completion of the contractual earning period. Payments made in advance under these agreements are included in “Other current assets” on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet, net of amounts already amortized. |
Stock Based Compensation |
We account for stock-based compensation in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification No. 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”). Under ASC 718, stock-based compensation expense reflects the fair value of stock-based awards measured at grant date, is recognized over the relevant service period, and is adjusted each period for anticipated forfeitures. The compensation cost recorded for these awards is based on their grant-date fair value as required by ASC 718. |
We have issued restricted stock and granted stock options in accordance with our Third Amended and Restated Westwood Holdings Group, Inc. Stock Incentive Plan, as amended (the “Plan”). We apply judgment in developing an expectation of awards of restricted stock and stock options that may be forfeited. If actual experience differs significantly from these estimates, our stock-based compensation expense and results of operations could be materially affected. |
We have compensation arrangements with certain employees of Westwood International pursuant to which these employees are able to earn cash awards based on the performance of certain investment products. A portion of such awards may be paid in shares of our stock that vest over a multi-year period. We accrue a liability for these awards over both the annual period in which we determine it is probable that the award will be earned and, for the portion to be settled in shares, over the following three-year vesting period. For the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, the expense recorded for these awards was $337,000 and $79,000, respectively. Cash awards expected to be settled in shares are funded into a trust pursuant to an established Canadian employee benefit plan. Generally, the Canadian trust subsequently acquires Westwood common shares in market transactions and holds such shares until the shares are vested and distributed, or forfeited. Shares held in the trust are shown on our balance sheet as treasury shares. During the second quarter of 2013, the trust purchased 20,251 Westwood common shares in the open market for approximately $878,000. Until shares are acquired by the trust, we measure the liability as a cash based award, which is included in the “Compensation and benefits payable” on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. When the number of shares related to an award is determinable, the award becomes an equity award accounted for similar to restricted stock, which is described in Note 9. |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements |
In February 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2013-02, Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. The ASU requires an entity to provide information about the amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by component. The ASU also requires presentation, either on the face of the statement where net income is presented or in the notes to the financial statements, significant amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by the respective line items of net income. However, such disclosure is only required if the amount reclassified is required under U.S. GAAP to be reclassified to net income in its entirety in the same reporting period. For other amounts that are not required to be reclassified in their entirety to net income, an entity should cross-reference to other disclosures that provide additional detail about those amounts. For public entities, the ASU is effective prospectively for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2012. The adoption of ASU 2013-02 did not have an impact on our financial statements. |
In March 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-05, Parent’s Accounting for the Cumulative Translation Adjustment upon Derecognition of Certain Subsidiaries or Groups of Assets within a Foreign Entity or of an Investment in a Foreign Entity. The ASU clarifies the interaction between ASC 810-10, Consolidation – Overall, and ASC 830-30, Foreign Currency Matters – Translation of Financial Statement, when releasing the cumulative translation adjustment into net income when a parent either sells a part or all of its investment in a foreign entity or no longer holds a controlling financial interest in a subsidiary or group of assets that is a nonprofit activity or a business (other than a sale of in substance real estate or conveyance of oil and gas mineral rights) within a foreign entity. The ASU is effective prospectively for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2013. We do not currently expect the adoption of this ASU to have an impact on our financial statements. |
In June 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-08, Financial Services - Investment Companies (Topic 946): Amendments to the Scope, Measurement, and Disclosure Requirements. The ASU changes the approach to the investment company assessment in Topic 946, clarifying the characteristics of an investment company and provides comprehensive guidance for assessing whether an entity is an investment company. This update would also require an investment company to measure noncontrolling ownership interests in other investment companies at fair value rather than using the equity method of accounting and to include additional disclosures. The ASU is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2013. Although this update is relevant to our VIE analysis, we do not currently expect the adoption of this ASU to have a significant impact on our financial statements. |
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