Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 9 Months Ended |
Sep. 30, 2013 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ' |
Basis of Presentation | ' |
Basis of Presentation |
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations. However, management believes that the disclosures contained herein are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. |
These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect, in the opinion of the Company, all material adjustments (which include only normal recurring adjustments) necessary to fairly present the Company’s financial position as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, and results of operations for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2013 and 2012. The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingencies at the date of the financial statements as well as the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period. Estimates have been prepared on the basis of the most current and best available information and actual results could differ materially from those estimates. |
These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012 that are set forth in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, a copy of which is available on the SEC’s website (www.sec.gov). Results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for a full year. |
Use of Estimates | ' |
Use of Estimates |
The Company prepares its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These principles require management to make estimates and assumptions that impact the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period. The Company reviews its estimates on a regular basis and makes adjustments based on historical experience and existing and expected future conditions. Estimates are made with respect to, among other matters, accrued revenue, purchased transportation, recoverability of long-lived assets, accrual of acquisition earn-outs, estimated legal accruals, valuation allowances for deferred taxes, reserve for uncertain tax positions, and allowance for doubtful accounts. These evaluations are performed and adjustments are made as information is available. Management believes that these estimates, which have been discussed with the audit committee of the Company’s board of directors, are reasonable; however, actual results could differ from these estimates. |
Revenue Recognition | ' |
Revenue Recognition |
The Company recognizes revenue at the point in time when delivery is completed on the freight shipments it handles, with related costs of delivery being accrued as incurred and expensed within the same period in which the associated revenue is recognized. The Company uses the following supporting criteria to determine that revenue has been earned and should be recognized: |
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| • | | Persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| • | | Services have been rendered; | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| • | | The sales price is fixed and determinable; and | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| • | | Collectability is reasonably assured. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The Company reports revenue on a gross basis in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) Topic 605, “Reporting Revenue Gross as Principal Versus Net as an Agent”. The Company believes presentation on a gross basis is appropriate under ASC Topic 605 in light of the following factors: |
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| • | | The Company is the primary obligor and is responsible for providing the service desired by the customer. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| • | | The customer holds the Company responsible for fulfillment, including the acceptability of the service (requirements may include, for example, on-time delivery, handling freight loss and damage claims, establishing pick-up and delivery times, and tracing shipments in transit). | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| • | | For Expedited Transportation and Freight Brokerage, the Company has complete discretion to select its drivers, contractors or other transportation providers (collectively, “service providers”). For Freight Forwarding, the Company enters into agreements with significant service providers that specify the cost of services, among other things, and has ultimate authority in approving all service providers that can be used by Freight Forwarding’s independently-owned stations. Independently-owned stations may further negotiate the cost of services with Freight Forwarding-approved service providers for individual customer shipments. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| • | | Expedited Transportation and Freight Brokerage have complete discretion to establish sales prices. Independently-owned stations within Freight Forwarding have the discretion to establish sales prices. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| • | | The Company bears credit risk for all receivables. In the case of Freight Forwarding the independently-owned stations reimburse Freight Forwarding for a portion (typically 70-80%) of credit losses. Freight Forwarding retains the risk that the independent station owners will not meet this obligation. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The Company’s Freight Forwarding segment collects on behalf of its customers certain taxes and duties as a complimentary service for international shipments. The Company’s accounting policy is to present these collections on a gross basis. The Company recognized $1.1 million and $0.7 million of such revenue for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and $3.4 million and $2.1 million of such revenue for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. |
Cash and cash equivalents | ' |
Cash and cash equivalents |
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less as of the date of purchase to be cash equivalents unless the investments are legally or contractually restricted for more than three months. With the acquisition of 3PD Holding, Inc. (“3PD”) in August 2013, the Company acquired $1.7 million of restricted cash related to 3PD’s captive insurance entity, which is included in the cash and cash equivalents balance. |
Income Taxes | ' |
Income Taxes |
Taxes on income are provided in accordance with ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes”. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been reflected in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the book values and the tax basis of particular assets and liabilities, and the tax effects of net operating loss and capital loss carry forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in the tax rate is recognized as income or expense in the period that included the enactment date. A valuation allowance is provided to offset the net deferred tax assets if, based upon the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Management periodically assesses the likelihood that the Company will utilize its existing deferred tax assets and records a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that such deferred tax assets will not be realized. |
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Accounting for uncertainty in income taxes is determined based on ASC Topic 740, which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in a company’s financial statements and provides guidance on the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. ASC Topic 740 also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosures and transition. For additional information refer to Note 10—Income Taxes. |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets with Indefinite Lives | ' |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets with Indefinite Lives |
Goodwill consists of the excess of cost over the fair value of net assets acquired in business combinations. Intangible assets with indefinite lives consist of the Express-1, Inc. trade name. The Company follows the provisions of ASC Topic 350, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other”, which requires an annual impairment test for goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives. The Company may first choose to perform a qualitative evaluation of the likelihood of goodwill and intangible assets impairment. For the goodwill that was the result of current year acquisitions, the Company chose to perform a qualitative evaluation. If the Company determined a quantitative evaluation was necessary, the goodwill at the reporting unit was subject to a two-step impairment test. The first step compares the book value of a reporting unit, including goodwill, with its fair value. If the book value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the Company completes the second step in order to determine the amount of goodwill impairment loss that should be recorded. In the second step, the Company determines an implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill by allocating the fair value of the reporting unit to all of the assets and liabilities other than goodwill. The amount of impairment is equal to the excess of the book value of goodwill over the implied fair value of that goodwill. The Company performs the annual impairment testing during the third quarter unless events or circumstances indicate impairment of the goodwill may have occurred before that time. For the periods presented, the Company did not recognize any goodwill impairment as the estimated fair value of its reporting units with goodwill exceeded the book value of these reporting units. For additional information refer to Note 6—Goodwill. |
The fair values of purchased intangible assets with indefinite lives, primarily trade names, are estimated and compared to their carrying values. The Company estimates the fair value of these intangible assets based on an income approach using the relief-from-royalty method. This methodology assumes that, in lieu of ownership, a third party would be willing to pay a royalty in order to exploit the related benefits of these types of assets. This approach is dependent on a number of factors, including estimates of future growth and trends, royalty rates for this category of intellectual property, discount rates and other variables. The Company bases its fair value estimates on assumptions it believes to be reasonable, but which are unpredictable and inherently uncertain. Actual future results may differ from those estimates. The Company recognizes an impairment loss when the estimated fair value of the intangible asset is less than the carrying value. The Company performs the annual impairment testing during the third quarter unless events or circumstances indicate impairment of the intangible assets with indefinite lives may have occurred before that time. For the periods presented, the Company did not recognize any impairment of intangible assets with indefinite lives as the estimated fair value of its intangible assets with indefinite lives exceeded the book value of these reporting units; however, during the quarter ended September 30, 2013, the Company rebranded its freight forwarding business to XPO Global Logistics from Concert Group Logistics, Inc. As a result of this action, the Company accelerated the amortization of $3.1 million in indefinite-lived intangible assets related to the CGL trade name based on the reduction in remaining useful life. The $3.1 million of accelerated amortization represented the full value of the CGL trade name intangible assets. |
Identifiable Intangible Assets | ' |
Identifiable Intangible Assets |
The Company follows the provisions of ASC Topic 360, “Property, Plant and Equipment”, which establishes accounting standards for the impairment of long-lived assets such as property, plant and equipment and intangible assets subject to amortization. The Company reviews long-lived assets to be held-and-used for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. If the sum of the undiscounted expected future cash flows over the remaining useful life of a long-lived asset group is less than its carrying amount, the asset is considered to be impaired. Impairment losses are measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds the fair value of the asset. The Company estimates fair value using the expected future cash flows discounted at a rate commensurate with the risks associated with the recovery of the asset. During the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, there was no impairment of the identified intangible assets. |
The Company’s intangible assets subject to amortization consist of customer relationships, non-compete agreements, carrier relationships and other intangibles that are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the related intangible asset. The estimated useful lives of the respective intangible assets range from three months to 12 years. |
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The following table sets forth the Company’s identifiable intangible assets as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 (in thousands): |
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| | September 30, | | | December 31, | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
2013 | 2012 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Indefinite Lived Intangibles | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Trade Name | | $ | 3,346 | | | $ | 6,416 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Definite Lived Intangibles: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Customer lists and relationships | | | 132,859 | | | | 14,281 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Carrier relationships | | | 12,100 | | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Trade name | | | 7,010 | | | | 1,246 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Non-compete agreeements | | | 5,693 | | | | 3,050 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other intangible assets | | | 2,171 | | | | 2,072 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | 159,833 | | | | 20,649 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Less: acccumulated amortization | | | (9,153 | ) | | | (4,592 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Intangible assets, net | | $ | 150,680 | | | $ | 16,057 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Total Identifiable Intangibles | | $ | 154,026 | | | $ | 22,473 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Estimated future amortization expense for amortizable intangible assets for the next five years is as follows: |
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(in thousands) | | 2013 | | | 2014 | | | 2015 | | | 2016 | | | 2017 | |
Estimated future amortization expense | | $ | 5,185 | | | $ | 20,632 | | | $ | 18,273 | | | $ | 14,487 | | | $ | 12,911 | |
Actual amounts of amortization expense may differ from estimated amounts due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, additional intangible asset acquisitions, impairment of intangible assets, accelerated amortization of intangible assets and other events. |
Other Long-Term Assets | ' |
Other Long-Term Assets |
Other long-term assets consist primarily of balances representing various deposits, and notes receivable from various XPO Global Logistics independent station owners. Also included within this account classification are incentive payments to independent station owners within the XPO Global Logistics network. These payments are made by XPO Global Logistics to certain station owners as an incentive to establish an independently-owned station. These amounts are amortized over the life of each independent station contract and the unamortized portion generally is recoverable in the event of default under the terms of the agreements. |
Foreign Currency Translation | ' |
Foreign Currency Translation |
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Exchange gains or losses incurred on transactions conducted by business units in a currency other than the business units’ functional currency are normally reflected in cost of sales in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Assets and liabilities of XPO Logistics Canada, which has the U.S. dollar as its functional currency (but which maintains its accounting records in Canadian currency) has their values remeasured into U.S. dollars at period-end exchange rates, except for non-monetary items for which historical rates are used. Exchange gains or losses are not material to the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the periods presented. 3PD Canada, which has the Canadian dollar as its functional currency, has its revenues and expenses translated into U.S. dollars using weighted average exchange rates while assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars using exchange rates at the balance sheet date. The effects of foreign currency translation adjustments are included in stockholders’ equity. |
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Foreign Currency Hedging and Derivative Financial Instruments | ' |
Foreign Currency Hedging and Derivative Financial Instruments |
The Company enters into derivative contracts to protect against fluctuations in currency exchange rates from time to time. These contracts are for expected future cash flows and not for speculative purposes. The Company reflects changes in fair value of these contracts in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 815 “Derivatives and Hedging”, the Company does not apply hedge accounting to its derivative contracts. |
Fair Value Measurements | ' |
Fair Value Measurements |
FASB ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures”, defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date and classifies the inputs used to measure fair value into the following hierarchy: |
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| • | | Level 1—Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets; | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| • | | Level 2—Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs are observable in active markets; and | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| • | | Level 3—Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable, generally utilizing pricing models or other valuation techniques that reflect management’s judgment and estimates. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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The following table sets forth the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 (in thousands): |
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| | Fair Value Measurements as of September 30, 2013 | | | | | |
| | Total | | | Level 1 | | | Level 2 | | | Level 3 | | | | | |
Assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Money market funds | | $ | 52,094 | | | $ | 52,094 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | | | |
Liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Contingent consideration obligations | | $ | 45 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 45 | | | | | |
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| | Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2012 | | | | | |
| | Total | | | Level 1 | | | Level 2 | | | Level 3 | | | | | |
Assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Money market funds | | $ | 239,443 | | | $ | 239,443 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | | | |
Liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Contingent consideration obligations | | $ | 392 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 392 | | | | | |
Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments | ' |
Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments |
The aggregate net fair value estimates discussed herein are based upon certain market assumptions and pertinent information available to management. The respective carrying value of certain financial instruments approximated their fair values as of the periods ended September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012. These financial instruments include cash, accounts receivable, notes receivable, accounts payable, accrued expense, notes payable and short-term borrowings. Fair values approximate carrying values for these financial instruments since they are short-term in nature and they are receivable or payable on demand. The fair value of the Freight Forwarding notes receivable from the owners of the independently-owned stations approximated their respective carrying values based on the interest rates associated with these instruments. |
As of September 30, 2013, the Company had outstanding $143.8 million of 4.50% Convertible Senior Notes due October 1, 2017, which the Company is obligated to repay at face value unless the holder agrees to a lesser amount or elects to convert all or a portion of such notes into the Company’s common stock. The convertible senior notes were allocated to long-term debt and equity in the amounts of $106.8 million and $31.7 million, respectively. These amounts are net of debt issuance costs of $4.1 million for debt and $1.2 million for equity. Holders of the convertible senior notes are due interest semiannually in arrears on April 1 and October 1 of each year. Payments began on April 1, 2013. The conversion rate was initially 60.8467 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of notes (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $16.43 per share of common stock) and is subject to adjustment in some events but will not be adjusted for any accrued and unpaid interest. The fair value of the convertible senior notes was $209.0 million as of September 30, 2013. The convertible senior notes contain an optional redemption right in favor of the Company, although it is the Company’s present intent not to exercise such redemption right. Accordingly, the fair value of the bifurcated coupon make-whole premium that would be payable to holders in the event of a redemption has been valued at $0.0 million. For additional information refer to Note 5—Debt. |
Stock-Based Compensation | ' |
Stock-Based Compensation |
The Company accounts for share-based compensation based on the equity instrument’s grant date fair value in accordance with ASC Topic 718, “Compensation—Stock Compensation”. The fair value of each share-based payment award is established on the date of grant. For grants of restricted stock units, including those subject to service-based vesting conditions and those subject to service and performance or market-based vesting conditions, the fair value is established based on the market price on the date of the grant. For grants of options, the Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards. The determination of the fair value of share-based awards is affected by the Company’s stock price and a number of assumptions, including expected volatility, expected life, risk-free interest rate and expected dividends. |
The weighted-average fair value of each stock option recorded in expense for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and is amortized over the requisite service period of the option. The Company has used one grouping for the assumptions, as its option grants have similar characteristics. The expected term of options granted has been derived based upon the Company’s history of actual exercise behavior and represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. Historical data was also used to estimate option exercises and employee terminations. Estimated volatility is based upon the Company’s historical market price at consistent points in a period equal to the expected life of the options. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant and the expected dividend yield is zero. For additional information refer to Note 8—Stock-Based Compensation. |
Earnings per Share | ' |
Earnings per Share |
Earnings per common share are computed in accordance with ASC Topic 260, “Earnings per Share”, which requires companies to present basic earnings per share and diluted earnings per share. For additional information refer to Note 9—Earnings per Share. |
Internal Use Software | ' |
Internal Use Software |
The Company has adopted the provisions of ASC Topic 350, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other”. Accordingly, certain costs incurred in the planning and evaluation stage of internal use computer software are expensed as incurred. Costs incurred during the application development stage are capitalized and included in property and equipment. Capitalized internal use software totaled $19.4 million as of September 30, 2013 and $1.2 million as of December 31, 2012. Capitalized internal use software costs are amortized over the expected economic lives of three to five years using the straight-line method |
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts | ' |
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts |
The Company records its allowance for doubtful accounts based upon its assessment of various factors. The Company considers historical experience, the age of the accounts receivable balances, credit quality of the Company’s customers, current economic conditions, and other factors that may affect customers’ ability to pay. |
Please also refer to Note 2 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012 for a more complete discussion of the Company’s significant accounting policies. |
Other Long Term Liabilities | ' |
Other Long Term Liabilities |
Other long-term liabilities consist primarily of the holdback of a portion of the purchase price for resolution of certain indemnifiable matters related to the acquisition of 3PD and deferred rent liabilities. The holdback will be used to fund the cost of litigation, including settlements and judgments, for certain lawsuits pending against 3PD regarding the alleged misclassification of independent contractors, with the remainder to be paid to the former owners following satisfaction of all claims. Upon the final resolution of certain of those lawsuits, designated amounts of the holdback either will be paid to the former owners of 3PD or retained by the Company, depending on the nature of the resolution. For additional information, refer to the Litigation subsection of Note 4—Commitments and Contingencies. The following table outlines the Company’s other long term liabilities as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 (in thousands): |
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| | As of September 30, 2013 | | | As of December 31, 2012 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Holdback for resolution of certain indemnifiable matters | | $ | 22,500 | | | $ | — | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Long term portion of deferred rent liability | | | 3,713 | | | | 2,292 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Liability for uncertain tax positions | | | 1,123 | | | | 462 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Acquisition lease liability | | | 245 | | | | 280 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Long term portion of vacant rent liability | | | 239 | | | | 164 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other | | | 74 | | | | 187 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Total Other Long Term Liabilities | | $ | 27,894 | | | $ | 3,385 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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