Investments | 4. Investments See Note 1 of the Notes to the Financial Statements included in the 2018 Annual Report for a description of the Company’s accounting policies for investments and Note 6 for information about the fair value hierarchy for investments and the related valuation methodologies. Fixed Maturity Securities Available-for-sale (“AFS”) Fixed Maturity Securities AFS by Sector The following table presents the fixed maturity securities AFS by sector at: June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Amortized Gross Unrealized Estimated Amortized Gross Unrealized Estimated Gains Temporary OTTI Gains Temporary OTTI (In thousands) Fixed maturity securities: (1) U.S. corporate $ 1,251,600 $ 57,287 $ 2,807 $ — $ 1,306,080 $ 890,676 $ 5,402 $ 23,034 $ — $ 873,044 U.S. government and agency 299,264 22,155 23 — 321,396 511,255 9,961 13,697 — 507,519 Foreign corporate 395,861 14,648 4,493 — 406,016 368,149 1,473 17,258 — 352,364 CMBS 279,986 15,213 139 — 295,060 325,491 1,481 4,121 — 322,851 RMBS 306,421 11,692 1,162 — 316,951 200,827 4,643 2,882 — 202,588 ABS 75,917 674 297 — 76,294 79,806 158 1,133 — 78,831 State and political subdivision 65,825 8,829 — — 74,654 66,131 4,777 1,083 — 69,825 Foreign government 20,100 1,326 86 — 21,340 27,466 140 995 — 26,611 Total fixed maturity securities $ 2,694,974 $ 131,824 $ 9,007 $ — $ 2,817,791 $ 2,469,801 $ 28,035 $ 64,203 $ — $ 2,433,633 __________________ (1) Redeemable preferred stock is reported within foreign corporate fixed maturity securities. Included within fixed maturity securities are structured securities including residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”), commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”) and asset-backed securities (“ABS”) (collectively, “Structured Securities”). The Company held no non-income producing fixed maturity securities at either June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . Maturities of Fixed Maturity Securities The amortized cost and estimated fair value of fixed maturity securities, by contractual maturity date, were as follows at June 30, 2019 : Due in One Year or Less Due After One Year Through Five Years Due After Five Years Through Ten Years Due After Ten Years Structured Securities Total Fixed Maturity Securities (In thousands) Amortized cost $ 51,742 $ 345,953 $ 898,441 $ 736,514 $ 662,324 $ 2,694,974 Estimated fair value $ 52,130 $ 353,075 $ 935,970 $ 788,311 $ 688,305 $ 2,817,791 Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities due to the exercise of call or prepayment options. Fixed maturity securities not due at a single maturity date have been presented in the year of final contractual maturity. Structured Securities are shown separately, as they are not due at a single maturity. Continuous Gross Unrealized Losses for Fixed Maturity Securities AFS by Sector The following table presents the estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses of fixed maturity securities AFS in an unrealized loss position, aggregated by sector and by length of time that the securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at: June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Less than 12 Months Equal to or Greater than 12 Months Less than 12 Months Equal to or Greater than 12 Months Estimated Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Estimated Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Estimated Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses Estimated Fair Value Gross Unrealized Losses (Dollars in thousands) Fixed maturity securities: U.S. corporate $ 50,818 $ 1,217 $ 66,497 $ 1,590 $ 483,424 $ 15,849 $ 131,812 $ 7,185 U.S. government and agency — — 8,682 23 102,447 1,925 296,265 11,772 Foreign corporate 46,883 1,250 39,765 3,243 194,924 10,156 72,803 7,102 CMBS 183 2 7,332 137 119,412 1,909 44,775 2,212 RMBS 8,628 143 17,840 1,019 57,510 1,746 28,573 1,136 ABS 24,476 183 10,594 114 51,028 985 11,699 148 State and political subdivision — — — — 18,260 744 13,999 339 Foreign government 1,571 86 — — 7,435 716 6,782 279 Total fixed maturity securities $ 132,559 $ 2,881 $ 150,710 $ 6,126 $ 1,034,440 $ 34,030 $ 606,708 $ 30,173 Total number of securities in an unrealized loss position 63 60 364 146 Evaluation of AFS Securities for OTTI and Evaluating Temporarily Impaired AFS Securities Evaluation and Measurement Methodologies Management considers a wide range of factors about the security issuer and uses its best judgment in evaluating the cause of the decline in the estimated fair value of the security and in assessing the prospects for near-term recovery. Inherent in management’s evaluation of the security are assumptions and estimates about the operations of the issuer and its future earnings potential. Considerations used in the impairment evaluation process include, but are not limited to: (i) the length of time and the extent to which the estimated fair value has been below amortized cost; (ii) the potential for impairments when the issuer is experiencing significant financial difficulties; (iii) the potential for impairments in an entire industry sector or sub-sector; (iv) the potential for impairments in certain economically depressed geographic locations; (v) the potential for impairments where the issuer, series of issuers or industry has suffered a catastrophic loss or has exhausted natural resources; (vi) whether the Company has the intent to sell or will more likely than not be required to sell a particular security before the decline in estimated fair value below amortized cost recovers; (vii) with respect to Structured Securities, changes in forecasted cash flows after considering the quality of underlying collateral, expected prepayment speeds, current and forecasted loss severity, consideration of the payment terms of the underlying assets backing a particular security, and the payment priority within the tranche structure of the security; (viii) the potential for impairments due to weakening of foreign currencies on non-functional currency denominated fixed maturity securities that are near maturity; and (ix) other subjective factors, including concentrations and information obtained from regulators and rating agencies. For securities in an unrealized loss position, an OTTI is recognized in earnings when it is anticipated that the amortized cost will not be recovered. When either: (i) the Company has the intent to sell the security; or (ii) it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery, the OTTI recognized in earnings is the entire difference between the security’s amortized cost and estimated fair value. If neither of these conditions exists, the difference between the amortized cost of the security and the present value of projected future cash flows expected to be collected is recognized as an OTTI in earnings (“credit loss”). If the estimated fair value is less than the present value of projected future cash flows expected to be collected, this portion of OTTI related to other-than-credit factors (“noncredit loss”) is recorded in other comprehensive income (“OCI”). Current Period Evaluation Based on the Company’s current evaluation of its AFS securities in an unrealized loss position in accordance with its impairment policy, and the Company’s current intentions and assessments (as applicable to the type of security) about holding, selling and any requirements to sell these securities, the Company concluded that these securities were not other-than-temporarily impaired at June 30, 2019 . Gross unrealized losses on fixed maturity securities decreased $55.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019 to $9.0 million . The decrease in gross unrealized losses for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was primarily attributable to decreasing longer-term interest rates and narrowing credit spreads. At June 30, 2019 , $928 thousand of the total $9.0 million of gross unrealized losses were from one fixed maturity security with an unrealized loss position of 20% Mortgage Loans Mortgage Loans by Portfolio Segment Mortgage loans are summarized as follows at: June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Carrying Value % of Total Carrying Value % of Total (Dollars in thousands) Mortgage loans: Commercial $ 364,139 69.9 % $ 310,681 69.3 % Agricultural 158,647 30.5 139,361 31.1 Subtotal 522,786 100.4 450,042 100.4 Valuation allowances (1) (2,142 ) (0.4 ) (1,937 ) (0.4 ) Total mortgage loans, net $ 520,644 100.0 % $ 448,105 100.0 % __________________ (1) The valuation allowances were primarily from collective evaluation (non-specific loan related). Information on commercial and agricultural mortgage loans is presented in the tables below. Valuation Allowance Methodology Mortgage loans are considered to be impaired when it is probable that, based upon current information and events, the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due under the loan agreement. Specific valuation allowances are established using the same methodology for both portfolio segments as the excess carrying value of a loan over either (i) the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s original effective interest rate, (ii) the estimated fair value of the loan’s underlying collateral if the loan is in the process of foreclosure or otherwise collateral dependent, or (iii) the loan’s observable market price. A common evaluation framework is used for establishing non-specific valuation allowances for both loan portfolio segments; however, a separate non-specific valuation allowance is calculated and maintained for each loan portfolio segment that is based on inputs unique to each loan portfolio segment. Non-specific valuation allowances are established for pools of loans with similar risk characteristics where a property-specific or market-specific risk has not been identified, but for which the Company expects to incur a credit loss. These evaluations are based upon several loan portfolio segment-specific factors, including the Company’s experience for loan losses, defaults and loss severity, and loss expectations for loans with similar risk characteristics. These evaluations are revised as conditions change and new information becomes available. Credit Quality of Commercial Mortgage Loans The credit quality of commercial mortgage loans was as follows at: Recorded Investment Debt Service Coverage Ratios % of Total > 1.20x 1.00x - 1.20x < 1.00x Total (Dollars in thousands) June 30, 2019 Loan-to-value ratios: Less than 65% $ 335,635 $ 5,000 $ — $ 340,635 93.5 % 65% to 75% 19,224 — — 19,224 5.3 76% to 80% 4,280 — — 4,280 1.2 Total $ 359,139 $ 5,000 $ — $ 364,139 100.0 % December 31, 2018 Loan-to-value ratios: Less than 65% $ 273,681 $ 5,000 $ 13,447 $ 292,128 94.0 % 65% to 75% 14,257 — — 14,257 4.6 76% to 80% 4,296 — — 4,296 1.4 Total $ 292,234 $ 5,000 $ 13,447 $ 310,681 100.0 % Credit Quality of Agricultural Mortgage Loans The credit quality of agricultural mortgage loans was as follows at: June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Recorded Investment % of Total Recorded Investment % of Total (Dollars in thousands) Loan-to-value ratios: Less than 65% $ 150,530 94.9 % $ 133,884 96.1 % 65% to 75% 8,117 5.1 5,477 3.9 Total $ 158,647 100.0 % $ 139,361 100.0 % Past Due, Nonaccrual and Modified Mortgage Loans The Company has a high quality, well performing mortgage loan portfolio, with all mortgage loans classified as performing at both June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . The Company defines delinquency consistent with industry practice, when mortgage loans are past due as follows: commercial mortgage loans — 60 days and agricultural mortgage loans — 90 days. The Company had no commercial or agricultural mortgage loans past due or in nonaccrual status at either June 30, 2019 or December 31, 2018 . During the three months and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 , the Company had no mortgage loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring. Cash Equivalents The carrying value of cash equivalents, which includes securities and other investments with an original or remaining maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase, was $0 and $89.9 million at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively. Net Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses) Unrealized investment gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities and the effect on DAC, deferred sales inducements (“DSI”) and future policy benefits, that would result from the realization of the unrealized gains (losses), are included in net unrealized investment gains (losses) in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”). The components of net unrealized investment gains (losses), included in AOCI, were as follows: June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 (In thousands) Fixed maturity securities $ 122,817 $ (36,166 ) Derivatives 8,859 5,791 Subtotal 131,676 (30,375 ) Amounts allocated from: DAC and DSI (15,600 ) 11,299 Deferred income tax benefit (expense) (24,376 ) 4,005 Net unrealized investment gains (losses) $ 91,700 $ (15,071 ) The changes in net unrealized investment gains (losses) were as follows: Six Months Ended (In thousands) Balance, December 31, 2018 $ (15,071 ) Unrealized investment gains (losses) during the period 162,051 Unrealized investment gains (losses) relating to: DAC and DSI (26,899 ) Deferred income tax benefit (expense) (28,381 ) Balance, June 30, 2019 $ 91,700 Change in net unrealized investment gains (losses) $ 106,771 Concentrations of Credit Risk There were no investments in any counterparty that were greater than 10% of the Company’s equity, other than the U.S. government and its agencies, at both June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . Invested Assets on Deposit and Pledged as Collateral Invested assets on deposit and pledged as collateral are presented below at estimated fair value: June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 (In thousands) Invested assets on deposit (regulatory deposits) $ 1,598 $ 1,482 Invested assets pledged as collateral (1) 6,270 158 Total invested assets on deposit and pledged as collateral (2) $ 7,868 $ 1,640 __________________ (1) The Company has pledged invested assets in connection with derivative transactions (see Note 5 ). (2) The Company held no restricted cash at either June 30, 2019 or December 31, 2018. Variable Interest Entities The Company has invested in legal entities that are variable interest entities (“VIEs”). VIEs are consolidated when the investor is the primary beneficiary. A primary beneficiary is the variable interest holder in a VIE with both the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE and the obligation to absorb losses, or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. There were no material VIEs for which the Company has concluded that it is the primary beneficiary at June 30, 2019 or December 31, 2018. The Company’s investments in unconsolidated VIEs are described below. Fixed Maturity Securities The Company invests in U.S. corporate bonds, foreign corporate bonds, and Structured Securities issued by VIEs. The Company is not obligated to provide any financial or other support to these VIEs, other than the original investment. The Company’s involvement with these entities is limited to that of a passive investor. The Company has no unilateral right to appoint or remove the servicer, special servicer, or investment manager, which are generally viewed as having the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE, nor does the Company function in any of these roles. The Company does not have the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the entity; as a result, the Company has determined it is not the primary beneficiary, or consolidator, of the VIE. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss on these fixed maturity securities is limited to the amortized cost of these investments. See “— Fixed Maturity Securities AFS” for information on these securities. The carrying amount and maximum exposure to loss related to the VIEs in which the Company concluded that it holds a variable interest, but is not the primary beneficiary, were as follows at: June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Carrying Maximum Carrying Maximum (In thousands) Fixed maturity securities $ 396,963 $ 379,151 $ 409,699 $ 409,699 Net Investment Income The components of net investment income were as follows: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended 2019 2018 2019 2018 (In thousands) Investment income: Fixed maturity securities $ 24,785 $ 20,937 $ 47,698 $ 41,302 Mortgage loans 4,919 4,314 8,818 8,505 Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments 765 298 1,152 456 Other 361 225 711 321 Subtotal 30,830 25,775 58,379 50,585 Less: Investment expenses 1,114 1,686 2,170 2,565 Net investment income $ 29,716 $ 24,089 $ 56,209 $ 48,020 See “— Related Party Investment Transactions” for discussion of related party investment expenses. Net Investment Gains (Losses) Components of Net Investment Gains (Losses) The components of net investment gains (losses) were as follows: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended 2019 2018 2019 2018 (In thousands) Fixed maturity securities $ 5,662 $ (2,123 ) $ 5,194 $ (4,962 ) Mortgage loans (136 ) 135 (205 ) 53 Other (54 ) (75 ) 31 491 Total net investment gains (losses) $ 5,472 $ (2,063 ) $ 5,020 $ (4,418 ) Gains (losses) from foreign currency transactions included within net investment gains (losses) were ($7) thousand and $3 thousand for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2019 , respectively, and ($122) thousand and $292 thousand for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2018 , respectively. Sales or Disposals of Fixed Maturity Securities Investment gains and losses on sales of securities are determined on a specific identification basis. Proceeds from sales or disposals of fixed maturity securities and the components of fixed maturity securities net investment gains (losses) were as shown in the table below. Three Months Ended Six Months Ended 2019 2018 2019 2018 (In thousands) Proceeds $ 358,205 $ 73,115 $ 413,682 $ 126,676 Gross investment gains $ 6,501 $ 21 $ 6,651 $ 36 Gross investment losses (839 ) (2,144 ) (1,457 ) (4,998 ) Net investment gains (losses) $ 5,662 $ (2,123 ) $ 5,194 $ (4,962 ) Related Party Investment Transactions The Company receives investment administrative services from MetLife Investment Advisors, LLC, which was considered a related party investment manager until the completion of the MetLife Divestiture. The related investment administrative service charges were $1.5 million and $2.3 million for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2018 , respectively. All of the charges reported as related party activity in 2018 occurred prior to the MetLife Divestiture. See Note 1 regarding the MetLife Divestiture. |