Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2013 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ' |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | ' |
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
Principles of Consolidation |
The consolidated financial statements of CPSI include the accounts of TruBridge, a wholly owned subsidiary of CPSI. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. |
Reclassifications |
With the formation of TruBridge in January 2013 as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company focusing exclusively on providing business management, consulting and managed IT services to rural and community healthcare organizations, the Company's presentation of certain revenues and related costs of sales within its Consolidated Statements of Income was changed as follows: |
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• | The Company's consulting and managed IT services revenues and related costs of sales are now included under the caption "Business management, consulting and managed IT services" within the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income. These amounts were formerly included as a component of "Support and maintenance" within the Statements of Income. | | | | | | |
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• | The former captioned item "Business management services" within the Statements of Income has been changed to "Business management, consulting and managed IT services" to reflect the additional revenue streams included under the recaptioned item as a result of the aforementioned reclassifications. | | | | | | |
These reclassifications had no effect on previously reported total sales revenues, total costs of sales, gross profit, operating income, income before taxes or net income. |
Amounts presented for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. The following table provides the amounts reclassified for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011: |
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| 2012 | | 2011 |
Sales revenues: | | | |
Support and maintenance | $ | (5,733,390 | ) | | $ | (3,404,449 | ) |
Business management, consulting and managed IT services | $ | 5,733,390 | | | $ | 3,404,449 | |
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Costs of sales: | | | |
Support and maintenance | $ | (3,409,466 | ) | | $ | (1,394,670 | ) |
Business management, consulting and managed IT services | $ | 3,409,466 | | | $ | 1,394,670 | |
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Additionally, effective September 30, 2013, the Company changed its presentation of liabilities arising from unrecognized tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions. These amounts, formerly included as a component of "Other accrued liabilities" within the Consolidated Balance Sheets, are now included as a component of "Income taxes payable" or "Prepaid income taxes" (as determined by the status of the Company's overall federal and state income tax position at the respective balance sheet dates) within the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The purpose of this change was to present the entirety of the Company's overall federal and state income tax position under a single caption within the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amounts presented in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2012 have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. The following table provides the amounts reclassified as of December 31, 2012: |
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Assets: | | | | | |
Prepaid income taxes | | $ | (744,705 | ) | | | |
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity | | | | | |
Other accrued liabilities | | $ | (744,705 | ) | | | |
Cash and Cash Equivalents |
Cash and cash equivalents can include time deposits and certificates of deposit with original maturities of three months or less that are highly liquid and readily convertible to a known amount of cash. These assets are stated at cost, which approximates market value, due to their short duration or liquid nature. |
Investments |
The Company accounts for investments in accordance with FASB Codification topic, Investments – Debt and Equity Securities. Accordingly, investments are classified as available-for-sale securities and are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported in a separate component of stockholders’ equity. The Company’s management determines the appropriate classifications of investments in fixed maturity securities at the time of acquisition and re-evaluates the classifications at each balance sheet date. An average cost method is used for purposes of determining the cost of investments sold. |
Income Taxes |
We account for income taxes in accordance with FASB Codification topic – Income Taxes. Under this topic, deferred income taxes are determined utilizing the asset and liability approach. This method gives consideration to the future tax consequences associated with differences between financial accounting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. The effect on the deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. We recognize interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in the consolidated statements of income under general and administrative expenses. |
We also make a provision for uncertain income tax positions in accordance with the Income Taxes Codification topic. These provisions require that a tax position taken in a tax return be recognized in the financial statements when it is more likely than not (i.e., a likelihood of more than fifty percent) that the position would be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. A recognized tax position is then measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon settlement. The topic also requires that changes in judgment that result in subsequent recognition, derecognition, or change in a measurement date of a tax position taken in a prior annual period (including any related interest and penalties) be recognized as a discrete item in the interim period in which the change occurs. |
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts |
Trade accounts receivable are stated at the amount the Company expects to collect and do not bear interest. The Company establishes a general allowance for doubtful accounts based on collections history. In the case of a bankruptcy filing or other similar event indicating the collectability of specific customer accounts is no longer probable, a specific reserve for bad debt is recorded to reduce the related receivable to the amount expected to be recovered. |
Financing Receivables |
Financing receivables are comprised of short-term payment plans and sales-type leases. Short-term payment plans are stated at the amount the Company expects to collect and do not bear interest. Sales-type leases are initially recorded at the present value of the related minimum lease payments, computed at the interest rate implicit in the lease, and are presented net of unearned income. Unearned income is amortized over the lease term to produce a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment in the lease (the interest method). |
An allowance for credit losses has been established for our financing receivables based on the historical level of customer defaults under such arrangements. In the case of a bankruptcy filing or other similar event indicating the collectability of specific customer accounts is no longer probable, a specific reserve is recorded to reduce the related receivable to the amount expected to be recovered. Customer payments are considered past due if a scheduled payment is not received within contractually agreed upon terms, with amounts reclassified to accounts receivable when they become due. As a result, we evaluate the credit quality of our financing receivables on an ongoing basis utilizing an aging of receivables and write-offs, customer collection experience, the customer’s financial condition and known risk characteristics impacting the respective customer base, as well as existing economic conditions, to determine if any further allowance is necessary. Amounts are specifically charged off once all available means of collection have been exhausted. |
Inventories |
Inventories are stated at lower of cost or market using the average cost method. The Company’s inventories are comprised of computer equipment, forms and supplies. For cash flow presentation, inventory used by the Company and capitalized as property and equipment is shown as a change in inventory. |
Property and Equipment |
Property and equipment is recorded at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Additions and improvements to property and equipment that materially increase productive capacity or extend the life of an asset are capitalized. Maintenance, repairs and minor renewals are expensed as incurred. Upon retirement or other disposition of such assets, the related costs and accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in the results of operations. |
Depreciation expense is computed using the straight-line method over the asset’s useful life, which is generally 5 years for computer equipment, furniture, and fixtures and 30 years for buildings. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the asset’s useful life or the remaining lease term. The Company reviews for the possible impairment of long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Depreciation expense is reported in the consolidated statements of income as a component of support and maintenance costs and operating expenses. |
Deferred Revenue |
Deferred revenue represents amounts received from customers under licensing agreements and implementation fees for which the revenue recognition process has not been completed. |
Revenue Recognition |
The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"), principally those required by the Software topic and Revenue Recognition subtopic of the Codification and those prescribed by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). |
The Company's revenue is generated from three sources: |
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• | System Sales - the sale of information systems, which includes perpetual software licenses, conversion, installation and training services, hardware and peripherals; | | | | | | |
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• | Support and Maintenance - the provision of system support services, which includes software application support, hardware maintenance, continuing education, "Software as a Service" (or "SaaS") services, and forms and supplies; and | | | | | | |
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• | Business Management, Consulting and Managed IT Services - the provision of business management services, which includes electronic billing, statement processing, payroll processing, accounts receivable management, contract management and insurance services, as well as Internet service provider ("ISP") services and consulting and managed IT services (collectively, "other professional IT services"). | | | | | | |
System Sales, Software Application Support, and Hardware Maintenance |
The Company enters into contractual obligations to sell hardware, perpetual software licenses, conversion, installation and training services, and software application support and hardware maintenance services. On average, the Company is able to complete a system installation in three to four weeks. The methods employed by the Company to recognize revenue, which are discussed by element below, achieve results materially consistent with the provisions of Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2009-13, Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements, due to the relatively short period during which there are multiple undelivered elements, the relatively small amount of non-software related elements in the system sale arrangements, and the limited number of contracts in-process at the end of each reporting period. The Company recognizes revenue on the elements noted above as follows: |
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• | Hardware – We recognize revenue for hardware upon shipment. The selling price of hardware is based on management’s best estimate of selling price, which consists of cost plus a targeted margin. | | | | | | |
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• | Software application support and hardware maintenance services – We have established vendor-specific objective evidence ("VSOE") of the fair value of our software application support and hardware maintenance services by reference to the price our customers are required to pay for the services when sold separately via renewals. Support and maintenance revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the maintenance contract, which is generally three to five years. | | | | | | |
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• | Perpetual software licenses and conversion, installation and training services – The selling price of perpetual software licenses and conversion, installation and training services is based on management’s best estimate of selling price. In determining management’s best estimate of selling price, we consider the following: (1) competitor pricing, (2) supply and demand of installation staff, (3) overall economic conditions, and (4) our pricing practices as they relate to discounts. With the exception of certain arrangements with extended payment terms that were entered into in 2012 and that are not comparable to our historical and current arrangements (see Note 10), the method of recognizing revenue for the perpetual license of the associated modules included in the arrangement, and the related conversion, installation and training services over the term the services are performed, is on a module by module basis as the respective conversion, installation and training for each specific module is completed, as this is representative of the pattern of provision of these services. | | | | | | |
SaaS, ISP, and Other Professional IT Services |
The Company accounts for SaaS services in accordance with the requirements of the Hosting Arrangement section under the Software topic and Revenue Recognition subtopic of the Codification. The Codification states that the software elements of SaaS services should not be accounted for as a hosting arrangement "if the customer has the contractual right to take possession of the software at any time during the hosting period without significant penalty and it is feasible for the customer to either run the software on its own hardware or contract with another party unrelated to the vendor to host the software." Each SaaS contract entered into by the Company includes a system purchase and buyout clause, and this clause specifies the total amount of the system buyout. In addition, a clause is included in the contract which states that should the system be bought out by the customer, the customer would be required to enter into a general support agreement (for post-contract support services) for the remainder of the original SaaS term. Accordingly, the Company has concluded that SaaS customers do not have the right to take possession of the system without significant penalty (i.e., the purchase price of the system), resulting in the determination that these contracts are service contracts for which revenue is recognized when the services are performed. |
The Company will occasionally provide ISP and other professional IT services. We consider these services to be non-software elements. The selling price of these services is based on third-party evidence of selling price of similar services. Revenue from this element is recognized as the services are performed. |
Business Management Services |
Business management services consist of electronic billing services, statement processing services, payroll processing, accounts receivable management services, contract management and insurance services. While business management service arrangements are contracts separate from the system sale and support and maintenance contracts, these contracts are sometimes executed within a short time frame of each other. The selling price of these services is based on VSOE of fair value by reference to the rate at which our customers renew as well as the rate at which the services are sold to customers when the business management services agreement is not executed within a short time frame of the system sale and support and maintenance contracts. Because the pricing is transaction based (per unit pricing), customers are billed and revenue recognized as services are performed based on transaction levels. |
Stock-Based Compensation |
The Company accounts for stock-based compensation according to the provisions of FASB Codification topic, Compensation – Stock Compensation, which establishes accounting for stock-based awards exchanged for employee services. Accordingly, stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the employee’s or non-employee director’s requisite service period. |
Research and Development Costs |
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development costs totaled approximately $2,761,000, $2,757,000 and $2,452,000 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Research and development costs are included in cost of support and maintenance in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. |
Advertising |
Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expense was approximately $97,000, $132,000 and $283,000 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively, and is recorded in sales and marketing expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. |
Shipping and Handling Costs |
Shipping and handling costs are expensed as incurred and included in general and administrative expenses. Shipping and handling costs totaled approximately $482,000, $617,000 and $720,000 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. |
Use of Estimates |
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires that management make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. |
New Accounting Standards Adopted in 2013 |
There were no new standards required to be adopted during the year ended December 31, 2013 that had or will have a material impact on our financial statements. |
New Accounting Standards Yet to be Adopted |
There are no new standards required to be adopted in future periods that will have a material impact on our financial statements. |