Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements of CPSI include the accounts of TruBridge, LLC ("TruBridge"), Evident, LLC ("Evident"), and Healthland Holding Inc. ("HHI"), all of which are wholly-owned subsidiaries of CPSI. The accounts of HHI include those of its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Healthland Inc. ("Healthland"), Rycan Technologies, Inc. ("Rycan"), and American HealthTech, Inc. ("AHT"). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Presentation Effective January 1, 2017, we adopted a revised presentation of sales revenues and the associated costs of sales in our consolidated statements of operations, which we believe is better aligned with and representative of the amount and profitability of our revenue streams, as well as the way we manage our business, review our operating performance and market our products. Specifically: • The Company's sales revenues and costs of sales amounts formerly included within the caption "Business management, consulting, and managed IT services" are now included within the caption "TruBridge" within the consolidated statements of operations; • Rycan's sales revenues and costs of sales amounts formerly included within the caption "Systems sales and support" are now included within the caption "TruBridge" within the consolidated statements of operations; • Healthland's and AHT's sales revenues and costs of sales related to hosting services formerly included within the caption "Systems sales and support" are now included within the caption "TruBridge" within the consolidated statements of operations; and • Certain Rycan expenses formerly included within the caption "General and administrative" are now included within the caption "TruBridge" within the "Costs of sales" section of the consolidated statements of operations. These reclassifications had no effect on previously reported total sales revenues, operating income, income before taxes or net income for the year ended December 31, 2016 and no effect on any previously reported totals for the year ended December 31, 2015. Amounts presented for the year ended December 31, 2016, have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. The following table provides the amounts reclassified for the year ended December 31, 2016: (In thousands) As previously reported Reclassifications As reclassified Sales revenues: System sales $ 197,874 $ (12,209 ) $ 185,665 TruBridge 69,398 12,209 81,607 Costs of sales: System sales 89,543 (5,187 ) 84,356 TruBridge 39,715 5,941 45,656 Operating expenses: General and administrative 53,642 (754 ) 52,888 Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents can include time deposits and certificates of deposit with original maturities of three months or less that are highly liquid and readily convertible to a known amount of cash. These assets are stated at cost, which approximates market value, due to their short duration or liquid nature. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Trade accounts receivable are stated at the amount the Company expects to collect and do not bear interest. The Company establishes a general allowance for doubtful accounts based on collections history. In the case of a bankruptcy filing or other similar event indicating the collectability of specific customer accounts is no longer probable, a specific allowance for doubtful accounts may be recorded to reduce the related receivable to the amount expected to be recovered. Financing Receivables Financing receivables are comprised of short-term payment plans and sales-type leases. Short-term payment plans are stated at the amount the Company expects to collect and do not bear interest. Sales-type leases are initially recorded at the present value of the related minimum lease payments, computed at the interest rate implicit in the lease, and are presented net of unearned income. Unearned income is amortized over the lease term to produce a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment in the lease (the interest method). An allowance for credit losses has been established for our financing receivables based on the historical level of customer defaults under such arrangements. In the case of a bankruptcy filing or other similar event indicating the collectability of specific customer accounts is no longer probable, a specific reserve may be recorded to reduce the related receivable to the amount expected to be recovered. Customer payments are considered past due if a scheduled payment is not received within contractually agreed upon terms, with amounts reclassified to accounts receivable when they become due. As a result, we evaluate the credit quality of our financing receivables on an ongoing basis utilizing an aging of receivables and write-offs, customer collection experience, the customer’s financial condition and known risk characteristics impacting the respective customer base, as well as existing economic conditions, to determine if any further allowance is necessary. Amounts are specifically charged off once all available means of collection have been exhausted. Inventories Inventories are stated at lower of cost or market using the average cost method. The Company’s inventories are comprised of computer equipment, forms and supplies. For cash flow presentation, inventory used by the Company and capitalized as property and equipment is shown as a change in inventory. Property and Equipment Property and equipment is recorded at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Additions and improvements to property and equipment that materially increase productive capacity or extend the life of an asset are capitalized. Maintenance, repairs and minor renewals are expensed as incurred. Upon retirement or other disposition of such assets, the related costs and accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in the results of operations. Depreciation expense is computed using the straight-line method over the asset’s useful life, which is generally 5 years for computer equipment, furniture, and fixtures and 30 years for buildings. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the asset’s useful life or the remaining lease term. The Company reviews for the possible impairment of long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Depreciation expense is reported in the consolidated statements of operations as a component of costs of sales and operating expenses. Business Combinations We apply business combination accounting when we acquire a business. Business combinations are accounted for at fair value. The associated acquisition costs are expensed as incurred and recorded in general and administrative expenses; restructuring costs associated with a business combination are expenses; contingent consideration is measured at fair value at the acquisition date, with changes in fair value after the acquisition date affecting earnings; changes in deferred tax asset valuation allowances and income tax uncertainties after the measurement period affect income tax expense; and goodwill is determined as the excess of the fair value of the consideration conveyed in the acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired. The accounting for business combinations requires estimates and judgments as to expectations for future cash flows of the acquired business, and the allocation of those cash flows to identifiable intangible assets, in determining the estimated fair value for assets and liabilities acquired. The fair values assigned to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, are based on management's estimates and assumptions, including valuations that utilize customary valuation procedures and techniques. If the actual results differ from the estimates and judgments used in these estimates, the amounts recorded in the financial statements could result in a possible impairment of the intangible assets and goodwill, or require acceleration of the amortization expense of finite-lived intangible assets. The results of the acquired businesses' operations are included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations of the combined entity beginning on the date of the acquisition. We have applied this acquisition method to the transactions described in Note 3 - Business Combination. Goodwill Goodwill is recorded as the difference, if any, between the aggregate consideration paid for an acquisition and the fair value of the identifiable net tangible and intangible assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized but is evaluated for impairment annually or more frequently if indicators of impairment are present or changes in circumstances suggest that impairment may exist. We test annually for impairment as of October 1. As part of our annual goodwill impairment test, we first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If we conclude that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, we conduct a quantitative goodwill impairment assessment. The first step of the quantitative goodwill impairment test compares the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. The Company early adopted Accounting Standards Update 2017-04 on January 1, 2017, which eliminates the second step of the goodwill impairment analysis. Therefore, if the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value in the first step of the goodwill impairment test, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, the goodwill of the reporting unit is not considered to be impaired. We did not identify any events or circumstances that would require interim goodwill impairment testing prior to October 1, 2017. Based on our assessment as of October 1, 2017, we determined that there was no impairment of goodwill for our Acute Care EHR and TruBridge reporting units. We also determined as of October 1, 2017, that it was more likely than not that we did not have an impairment of our Post-acute Care EHR reporting unit. During the fourth quarter of 2017, the cumulation of events, including anticipated attrition of significant post-acute customer accounts and a product development acceleration plan for our post-acute EHR software, triggered management to re-assess future discounted cash flow projections incorporated in the October 1, 2017 annual assessment to include updated assumptions for the aforementioned fourth quarter events impacting the Post-acute Care EHR reporting unit. The result of our fair value assessment, which applied a combination of the income and market valuation approach, measured the reporting units fair value less than the reporting units carrying value. A goodwill impairment of $28.0 million was recorded against our Post-acute Care EHR reporting unit as of December 31, 2017. We determined there was no impairment to goodwill as of December 31, 2016. Purchased Intangible Assets Purchased intangible assets are acquired in connection with a business acquisition, and are amortized over their estimated useful lives based on the pattern of economic benefit expected from each asset. We concluded for certain purchased intangible assets that the pattern of economic benefit approximated the straight-line method, and therefore, the use of the straight-line method was appropriate, as the majority of the cash flows will be recognized ratably over the estimated useful lives and there is no degradation of the cash flows over time. We assess the recoverability of intangible assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. The carrying amount is not recoverable if it exceeds the undiscounted sum of cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. If the asset is not recoverable, the impairment loss is measured by the excess of the asset's carrying amount over its fair value. During the fourth quarter of 2017, the cumulation of events, including anticipated attrition of significant post-acute customer accounts and a product development acceleration investment plan in our Post-acute Care EHR software, triggered management to assess the recoverability of purchased intangible assets related to our Post-acute Care EHR asset group. We determined there was no impairment to purchased intangible assets as of December 31, 2017 or 2016. Deferred Revenue Deferred revenue represents amounts received from customers under licensing agreements and implementation fees for which the revenue recognition process has not been completed. Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with U.S. GAAP, the requirements of the Software topic and Revenue Recognition subtopic of the FASB Codification, and the requirements of the SEC. The Company's revenue is generated from two sources: • System Sales and Support – the sale of information systems and the provision of system support services. The sale of information systems includes perpetual software licenses, conversion, installation and training services, hardware and peripherals, "Software as a Service" (or "SaaS") services, and forms and supplies. System support services include software application support, hardware maintenance, and continuing education. • TruBridge – the provision of business management services, which includes electronic billing, statement processing, payroll processing, accounts receivable management, contract management, and insurance services, as well as Internet service provider ("ISP") services and consulting and managed IT services (collectively, "other professional IT services"). System Sales and Support The Company enters into contractual obligations to sell perpetual software licenses, conversion, installation and training services, hardware and software application support and hardware maintenance services. The methods employed by the Company to recognize revenue, which are discussed by element below, achieve results materially consistent with the provisions of Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2009-13, Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements , due to the relatively short period during which there are multiple undelivered elements, the relatively small amount of non-software related elements in the system sale arrangements, and the limited number of contracts in-process at the end of each reporting period. The Company recognizes revenue on the elements noted above as follows: • Perpetual software licenses and conversion, installation and training services – The selling price of perpetual software licenses and conversion, installation and training services is based on management’s best estimate of selling price. In determining management’s best estimate of selling price, we consider the following: (1) competitor pricing, (2) supply and demand of installation staff, (3) overall economic conditions, and (4) our pricing practices as they relate to discounts. The method of recognizing revenue for the perpetual licenses of the associated modules included in the arrangement, and the related conversion, installation and training services over the term the services are performed, is on a module-by-module basis as the related perpetual licenses are delivered and the respective conversion, installation and training services for each specific module are completed, as this is representative of the pattern of provision of these services. • Hardware – We recognize revenue for hardware upon shipment. The selling price of hardware is based on management’s best estimate of selling price, which consists of cost plus a targeted margin. • Software application support and hardware maintenance – We have established vendor-specific objective evidence ("VSOE") of the fair value of our software application support and hardware maintenance services by reference to the price our customers are required to pay for the services when sold separately via renewals. Support and maintenance revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the maintenance contract, which is generally three to five years. • SaaS services – The Company accounts for SaaS arrangements in accordance with the requirements of the Hosting Arrangement section under the Software topic and Revenue Recognition subtopic of the FASB Codification. The FASB Codification states that the software elements of SaaS services should not be accounted for as a hosting arrangement "if the customer has the contractual right to take possession of the software at any time during the hosting period without significant penalty and it is feasible for the customer to either run the software on its own hardware or contract with another party unrelated to the vendor to host the software." Each SaaS contract entered into by the Company includes a system purchase and buyout clause, and this clause specifies the total amount of the system buyout. In addition, a clause is included in the contract which states that should the system be bought out by the customer, the customer would be required to enter into a general support agreement (for post-contract support services) for the remainder of the original SaaS term. Accordingly, the Company has concluded that SaaS customers do not have the right to take possession of the system without significant penalty (i.e., the purchase price of the system), resulting in the determination that these contracts are service contracts for which revenue is recognized when the services are performed. TruBridge TruBridge consists of electronic billing, statement processing, payroll processing, accounts receivable management, contract management, and insurance services. While TruBridge arrangements are contracts separate from the system sale and support contracts, these contracts are often executed within a short time frame of each other. The amount of the total arrangement consideration allocated to these services is based on VSOE of fair value by reference to the rate at which our customers renew, as well as the rate at which the services are sold to customers when the TruBridge agreement is not executed within a short time frame of the system sale and support contracts. If VSOE of fair value does not exist for these services, we allocate the arrangement consideration based on third-party evidence ("TPE") of selling price or, if neither VSOE nor TPE is available, estimated selling price. Because the pricing is transaction-based (per unit pricing), customers are billed and revenue is recognized as services are performed. The Company will occasionally provide ISP and other professional IT services. Depending on the nature of the services provided, these services may be considered software elements or non-software elements. The selling price of services considered to be software elements is based on VSOE of the fair value of the services by reference to the price our customers are required to pay for the services when sold separately. The selling price of services considered to be non-software elements is based on TPE of the selling price of similar services. Revenue from these elements is recognized as the services are performed. Stock-Based Compensation The Company accounts for stock-based compensation according to the provisions of FASB Codification topic, Compensation – Stock Compensation, which establishes accounting for stock-based awards exchanged for employee services. Accordingly, stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized as an expense over the employee’s or non-employee director’s requisite service period. Product Development Costs Product development costs are expensed as incurred. Product development costs totaled approximately $37.8 million , $32.6 million , and $14.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively. Advertising Costs Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expense was approximately $0.3 million , $0.2 million , and $0.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively, and is recorded in sales and marketing expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Shipping and Handling Costs Shipping and handling costs are expensed as incurred and included in general and administrative expenses and costs of TruBridge. Shipping and handling costs totaled approximately $0.5 million , $0.4 million , and $0.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively. Income Taxes We account for income taxes in accordance with FASB Codification topic, Income Taxes . Under this topic, deferred income taxes are determined utilizing the asset and liability approach. This method gives consideration to the future tax consequences associated with differences between financial accounting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. The effect on the deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. We recognize interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in the consolidated statements of operations as a component of the provision for income taxes. We also make a provision for uncertain income tax positions in accordance with the Income Taxes Codification topic. These provisions require that a tax position taken in a tax return be recognized in the financial statements when it is more likely than not (i.e., a likelihood of more than fifty percent) that the position would be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. A recognized tax position is then measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon settlement. The topic also requires that changes in judgment that result in subsequent recognition, derecognition, or change in a measurement date of a tax position taken in a prior annual period (including any related interest and penalties) be recognized as a discrete item in the interim period in which the change occurs. Valuation allowances are recorded when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. These valuation allowances can be impacted by changes in tax laws, changes to statutory tax rates, and future taxable income, and are based on our judgment, estimates, and assumptions. See Note 7 for the impact of H.R. 1, commonly known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which was signed into law on December 22, 2017. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires that management make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Segment Reporting Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is evaluated by the chief operating decision maker, which we refer to as the CODM, or decision-making group in assessing performance and making decisions regarding resource allocation. The Company has prepared operating segment information based on the manner in which management disaggregates the Company's operations for making internal operating decisions. See Note 17. New Accounting Standards Adopted in 2017 In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory . The amended guidance requires entities to measure inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. The requirement replaces the current lower of cost or market evaluation. Accounting guidance is unchanged for inventory measured using last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) or the retail method. The amended guidance was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The amended guidance is to be applied prospectively and early adoption was permitted. The adoption of ASU 2015-11 did not have a material effect on our financial statements. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which simplifies the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and the classification of awards on the statement of cash flows. This guidance was effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2016, which was effective for the Company as of the first quarter of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2017. The adoption of ASU 2016-09 had a material effect on our financial statements in the period of adoption and is disclosed in Note 7 of the financial statements. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, that removes step two of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Under the new guidance, a goodwill impairment is now the amount by which a reporting unit's carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. All other goodwill impairment guidance remains largely unchanged. Entities continue to have the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine if a quantitative impairment test is necessary. The guidance is effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted for any goodwill impairment tests performed after January 1, 2017. The guidance is to be applied prospectively. We elected to early adopt ASU 2017-04 and the guidance has been applied for all goodwill impairment tests performed after January 1, 2017. The adoption of ASU 2017-04 had a material impact on our financial statements, as one of our reporting unit's carrying value exceeded its fair value at the time of impairment assessment. New Accounting Standards Yet to be Adopted In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers , to clarify the principles for recognizing revenue and to develop a common revenue standard for U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards. The standard outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes the most current revenue recognition guidance. This guidance will be effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2017, which is effective for the Company as of the first quarter of our fiscal year ending December 31, 2018. We will adopt this standard using the modified retrospective method, in which the cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance will be recognized as an adjustment to retained earnings and impacted balance sheet line items as of January 1, 2018, the date of adoption. We have fully completed the assessment of our systems, data, and processes that will be affected by the implementation of this standard and have concluded that this standard will not significantly alter revenue recognition practices for our system sales and support and TruBridge revenue streams. The impact on our revenue recognition is limited to deferring and amortizing implementation fees over the contract life related to our Rycan revenue cycle management product, in which we currently recognize revenue as implementation is completed. Rycan implementation fees totaled $1.6 million in 2017, less than 1% of our 2017 revenues. The balance sheet impact of the deferred revenue related to these fees will be an increase of $1.8 million as of the date of adoption. Also impacting deferred revenue is a decrease of $0.6 million related to previous billings which no longer require deferred recognition as of the date of adoption. In addition to revenue recognition, the new standard will impact on our consolidated financial statements with respect to the capitalization of certain commissions and contract fulfillment costs which are currently expensed as incurred. Commissions and contract fulfillment costs related to the implementation of software as a service arrangements will be capitalized and amortized over the expected life of the customer. TruBridge commissions, which are paid up to twelve months in advance, will be capitalized and amortized over the prepayment period. The balance sheet impact of the prepaid assets will be an increase of $3.8 million as of the date of adoption. In total, the adoption of ASU 2014-09 will result in a net increase in retained earnings of $2.6 million on the date of adoption. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases , to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. The new guidance will require the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under U.S. GAAP. This guidance will be effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2018, which is effective for the Company as of the first quarter of our fiscal year ending December 31, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the implementation of this standard will have on its financial statements. In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Classifications of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, which clarifies cash flow classification for eight specific issues, including debt prepayment or extinguishment costs, contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims, and proceeds from settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies. This guidance will be effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2017, which is effective for the Company as of the first quarter of our fiscal year ending December 31, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the implementation of this standard will have on its financial statements. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, Clarifying the Definition of a Business, to assist an entity in evaluating when a set of transferred assets and activities is a business. The guidance is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and should be applied prospectively to any transactions occurring within the period of adoption. Early adoption is permitted, including for interim or annual periods in which the financial statements have not been issued or made available for issuance. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the implementation of this standard will have on its financial statements. We do not believe that any other recently issued but not yet effective accounting standards, if adopted, would have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. |