LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES | LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES The following table presents the balances in our loan portfolio as of the dates indicated: ($ in thousands) March 31, December 31, Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ 1,578,223 $ 1,691,270 Commercial real estate 810,024 818,817 Multifamily 1,466,083 1,494,528 SBA 70,583 70,981 Construction 227,947 231,350 Consumer: Single family residential mortgage 1,467,375 1,590,774 Other consumer 47,229 54,165 Total loans (1) $ 5,667,464 $ 5,951,885 Allowance for loan losses (78,243 ) (57,649 ) Loans receivable, net $ 5,589,221 $ 5,894,236 (1) Total loans include deferred loan origination costs/(fees) and premiums/(discounts), net, of $13.2 million and $14.3 million , respectively, at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 . Credit Quality Indicators We categorize loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. We perform a historical loss analysis that is combined with a comprehensive loan to value analysis to analyze the associated risks in the current loan portfolio. We analyze loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis includes all loans delinquent over 60 days and non-homogeneous loans such as commercial and commercial real estate loans. We use the following definitions for risk ratings: Pass : Loans classified as pass are in compliance in all respects with the Bank’s credit policy and regulatory requirements, and do not exhibit any potential or defined weakness as defined under “Special Mention”, “Substandard” or “Doubtful”. Special Mention : Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or lease or of our credit position at some future date. Substandard : Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that we will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful : Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. The following table presents the risk categories for total loans by class of loans and origination year as of March 31, 2020 : Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year ($ in thousands) 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis Converted to Term Total March 31, 2020 Commercial: Commercial and industrial Pass $ 15,168 $ 121,892 $ 112,591 $ 69,585 $ 44,205 $ 138,326 $ 983,178 $ 4,743 $ 1,489,688 Special mention — 6,473 1,341 — — — 12,776 2,284 22,874 Substandard 2,546 17,425 — 194 21,555 2,605 13,087 8,249 65,661 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Commercial and industrial 17,714 145,790 113,932 69,779 65,760 140,931 1,009,041 15,276 1,578,223 Commercial real estate Pass 15,189 152,789 229,702 73,134 102,913 218,978 8,011 1,588 802,304 Special mention — 1,803 — — — 742 — — 2,545 Substandard — — — — — 5,175 — — 5,175 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Commercial real estate 15,189 154,592 229,702 73,134 102,913 224,895 8,011 1,588 810,024 Multifamily Pass 49,455 440,695 338,904 276,075 151,406 197,596 — — 1,454,131 Special mention — — 8,960 — — — — — 8,960 Substandard — — — — — 2,992 — — 2,992 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Multifamily 49,455 440,695 347,864 276,075 151,406 200,588 — — 1,466,083 SBA Pass 1,787 16,067 1,388 5,300 15,105 19,797 1,667 515 61,626 Special mention — — — 229 479 987 — 7 1,702 Substandard — — — 1,060 1,529 1,515 336 1,197 5,637 Doubtful — — 390 — 208 633 — 387 1,618 SBA 1,787 16,067 1,778 6,589 17,321 22,932 2,003 2,106 70,583 Construction Pass 12,948 39,120 76,619 87,270 — — — — 215,957 Special mention — — 8,012 — 3,978 — — — 11,990 Substandard — — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Construction 12,948 39,120 84,631 87,270 3,978 — — — 227,947 Consumer: Single family residential mortgage Pass 5,431 177,908 371,674 221,287 328,033 304,408 21,157 — 1,429,898 Special mention — — 1,157 668 5,070 4,057 — — 10,952 Substandard — 1,074 498 3,420 3,253 17,763 — — 26,008 Doubtful — — — — 517 — — — 517 Single family residential mortgage 5,431 178,982 373,329 225,375 336,873 326,228 21,157 — 1,467,375 Other consumer Pass 55 95 86 — 14 5,332 37,992 2,941 46,515 Special mention — — — — — — — 224 224 Substandard — — 35 — — 34 322 99 490 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Other consumer 55 95 121 — 14 5,366 38,314 3,264 47,229 Total loans $ 102,579 $ 975,341 $ 1,151,357 $ 738,222 $ 678,265 $ 920,940 $ 1,078,526 $ 22,234 $ 5,667,464 The following table presents the risk categories for total loans by class of loans as of December 31, 2019 : ($ in thousands) Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Total December 31, 2019 Commercial: Commercial and industrial 1,580,269 45,323 65,678 — 1,691,270 Commercial real estate 813,846 2,532 2,439 — 818,817 Multifamily 1,484,931 4,256 5,341 — 1,494,528 SBA 60,982 2,760 5,621 1,618 70,981 Construction 229,771 1,579 — — 231,350 Consumer: Single family residential mortgage 1,559,253 10,735 20,269 517 1,590,774 Other consumer 53,331 346 488 — 54,165 Total $ 5,782,383 $ 67,531 $ 99,836 $ 2,135 $ 5,951,885 Past Due Loans The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans, excluding accrued interest receivable (which is not considered to be material), by class of loans as of the dates indicated: ($ in thousands) 30 - 59 Days Past Due 60 - 89 Days Past Due Greater than 89 Days Past due Total Past Due Current Total March 31, 2020 Non-Traditional Mortgage (NTM) loans: Single family residential mortgage $ 8,043 $ 5,383 $ 14,577 $ 28,003 $ 530,161 $ 558,164 Other consumer — — — — 1,894 1,894 Total NTM loans 8,043 5,383 14,577 28,003 532,055 560,058 Traditional loans: Commercial: Commercial and industrial 649 3,687 2,601 6,937 1,571,286 1,578,223 Commercial real estate — 264 — 264 809,760 810,024 Multifamily — — — — 1,466,083 1,466,083 SBA 2,009 222 2,643 4,874 65,709 70,583 Construction 734 — — 734 227,213 227,947 Consumer: Single family residential mortgage 32,993 1,600 8,771 43,364 865,847 909,211 Other consumer 754 — 40 794 44,541 45,335 Total traditional loans 37,139 5,773 14,055 56,967 5,050,439 5,107,406 Total $ 45,182 $ 11,156 $ 28,632 $ 84,970 $ 5,582,494 $ 5,667,464 December 31, 2019 NTM loans: Single family residential mortgage $ 3,973 $ 3,535 $ 13,019 $ 20,527 $ 577,830 $ 598,357 Other consumer — — — — 2,299 2,299 Total NTM loans 3,973 3,535 13,019 20,527 580,129 600,656 Traditional loans: Commercial: Commercial and industrial 780 5,670 3,862 10,312 1,680,958 1,691,270 Commercial real estate — — — — 818,817 818,817 Multifamily — — — — 1,494,528 1,494,528 SBA 586 842 2,152 3,580 67,401 70,981 Construction — — — — 231,350 231,350 Consumer: Single family residential mortgage 13,752 3,496 5,606 22,854 969,563 992,417 Other consumer 199 40 95 334 51,532 51,866 Total traditional loans 15,317 10,048 11,715 37,080 5,314,149 5,351,229 Total $ 19,290 $ 13,583 $ 24,734 $ 57,607 $ 5,894,278 $ 5,951,885 Non-accrual Loans The following table presents non-accrual loans as of the dates indicated: March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 ($ in thousands) NTM Loans Traditional Loans Total Non-accrual Loans Non-accrual Loans with no ACL NTM Loans Traditional Loans Total Non-accrual Loans with no ACL Non-accrual loans Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ — $ 23,638 $ 23,638 $ 5,364 $ — $ 19,114 $ 19,114 $ 337 Commercial real estate — 2,763 2,763 2,763 — — — — SBA — 5,374 5,374 1,508 — 5,230 5,230 1,474 Construction — — — — — — — — Consumer: Single family residential mortgage 15,605 8,771 24,376 24,376 13,019 5,606 18,625 14,373 Other consumer — 320 320 320 — 385 385 380 Total non-accrual loans $ 15,605 $ 40,866 $ 56,471 $ 34,331 $ 13,019 $ 30,335 $ 43,354 $ 16,564 At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 , there were no loans were past due 90 days or more and still accruing. The non-traditional mortgage ("NTM") loans on non-accrual status included $4.7 million of Green loans and $10.9 million of interest-only loans at March 31, 2020 compared to $1.5 million of Green loans and $11.5 million of interest-only loans at December 31, 2019 . Loans in Process of Foreclosure At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 , consumer mortgage loans of $15.7 million and $15.7 million , respectively, were secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process according to local requirements of the applicable jurisdiction. Allowance for Credit Losses Our ACL is comprised of our allowance for loan losses (ALL) and reserve for unfunded loan commitments. Our ACL and resulting provision was significantly impacted by the current economic uncertainty and volatility caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Our ACL methodology uses a nationally-recognized, third party model that includes many assumptions based on our historical and peer loss data, our current loan portfolio risk profile, and economic forecasts. Loan-level data and credit-risk attributes are incorporated into the model and adjusted based on a peer-multiplier and economic forecasts. The forecasts are based on critical macroeconomic variables with relevant ranges of one to three years which then revert to long-term trends over the life of the loan. We utilized economic forecasts published by our model provider to determine the ACL on January 1, 2020. Subsequent to adoption, we used economic forecasts released by our model provider during the last week of March which included the onset of the pandemic. These latter forecasts included a sharp contraction in annualized GDP growth and a sharp spike in near-term unemployment rates ranging from 8% to 13% , before returning to moderate long-term economic trends. Our visibility at the end of the quarter indicated that local unemployment was heading higher and that the economic recovery would likely be slower. Accordingly, we incorporated qualitative factors to account for this visibility at quarter end related to actual conditions and an economic outlook that was worse than the late March forecasts incorporated into the CECL model. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and adoption of CECL, we expect our allowance for credit losses to continue to be impacted in future periods by economic volatility, changing economic forecasts, as well as the related impacts to CECL model assumptions, all of which may be better than or worse than our current estimate. We have established credit risk management processes that include regular management review of the loan portfolio to identify problem loans. During the ordinary course of business, management may become aware of borrowers who may not be able to fulfill the contractual payment requirements of the loan agreements. Such loans are subject to increased monitoring. Consideration is given to placing the loan on non-accrual status, assessing the need for additional allowance for loan loss, and partial or full charge off the principal balance. We maintain the allowance for loan losses at a level that is considered adequate to cover the expected credit losses in the loan portfolio. We maintain a reserve for unfunded loan commitments at a level that is considered adequate to cover expected credit losses for the portion of commitments that ultimately fund. The estimated funding of the loan commitments and credit risk factors are determined based on outstanding loans that share similar credit risk exposure are used to determine the adequacy of the reserve. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 , the reserve for unfunded loan commitments was $3.9 million and $4.1 million , respectively, and are included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated statements of financial condition. The credit risk monitoring system is designed to identify impaired and potential problem loans, and to perform periodic evaluation of impairment and the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses in a timely manner. In addition, management has adopted a credit policy that includes a credit review and control system that it believes should be effective in ensuring that we maintain an adequate allowance for credit losses. In addition, the Board of Directors provides oversight and guidance for management’s allowance evaluation process. The following table presents a summary of activity in the ACL for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended March 31, ($ in thousands) 2020 2019 Allowance for Loan Losses Reserve for Unfunded Loan Commitments Allowance for Credit Losses Allowance for Loan Losses Reserve for Unfunded Loan Commitments Allowance for Credit Losses Balance at beginning of period $ 57,649 $ 4,064 $ 61,713 $ 62,192 $ 4,622 $ 66,814 Impact of adopting ASU 2016-13 7,609 (1,226 ) 6,383 — — — Loans charged off (2,076 ) — (2,076 ) (1,063 ) — (1,063 ) Recoveries of loans previously charged off 350 — 350 244 — 244 Net charge-offs (1,726 ) — (1,726 ) (819 ) — (819 ) Provision for (reversal of) credit losses 14,711 1,050 15,761 2,512 (414 ) 2,098 Balance at end of period $ 78,243 $ 3,888 $ 82,131 $ 63,885 $ 4,208 $ 68,093 The following table presents the activity and balance in the ALL and the recorded investment, excluding accrued interest, in loans based on the impairment methodology as of or for the three months ended March 31, 2020 : ($ in thousands) Commercial and Industrial Commercial Real Estate Multifamily SBA Construction Single Family Residential Mortgage Other Consumer Total ALL: Balance at December 31, 2019 $ 22,353 $ 5,941 $ 11,405 $ 3,120 $ 3,906 $ 10,486 $ 438 $ 57,649 Impact of adopting ASC 326 662 4,847 1,809 388 103 (420 ) 220 7,609 Charge-offs (1,164 ) — — (356 ) — (552 ) (4 ) (2,076 ) Recoveries 30 — — 121 — 151 48 350 Net (charge-offs) recoveries (1,134 ) — — (235 ) — (401 ) 44 (1,726 ) Provision for (reversal of) credit losses 1,692 2,832 6,858 379 3,043 (72 ) (21 ) 14,711 Balance at March 31, 2020 $ 23,573 $ 13,620 $ 20,072 $ 3,652 $ 7,052 $ 9,593 $ 681 $ 78,243 Individually evaluated for impairment $ 3,606 $ — $ — $ 2,208 $ — $ — $ — $ 5,814 Collectively evaluated for impairment 19,967 13,620 20,072 1,444 7,052 9,593 681 72,429 Total ending ALL balance $ 23,573 $ 13,620 $ 20,072 $ 3,652 $ 7,052 $ 9,593 $ 681 $ 78,243 Loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 24,594 $ 2,763 $ — $ 5,292 $ — $ 29,183 $ 614 $ 62,446 Collectively evaluated for impairment 1,553,629 807,261 1,466,083 65,291 227,947 1,438,192 46,615 5,605,018 Total ending loan balances $ 1,578,223 $ 810,024 $ 1,466,083 $ 70,583 $ 227,947 $ 1,467,375 $ 47,229 $ 5,667,464 The following table presents the activity and balance in the ALL and the recorded investment, excluding accrued interest, in loans based on the impairment methodology as of or for the three months ended March 31, 2019 : ($ in thousands) Commercial and Industrial Commercial Real Estate Multifamily SBA Construction Lease Financing Single Family Residential Mortgage Other Consumer Total ALL: Balance at December 31, 2018 $ 18,191 $ 6,674 $ 17,970 $ 1,827 $ 3,461 $ — $ 13,128 $ 941 $ 62,192 Charge-offs (93 ) — — (356 ) — — (526 ) (88 ) (1,063 ) Recoveries 33 — — 41 — 3 150 17 244 Net (charge-offs) recoveries (60 ) — — (315 ) — 3 (376 ) (71 ) (819 ) Provision for (reversal of) credit losses 762 164 928 1,545 (8 ) (3 ) (610 ) (266 ) 2,512 Balance at March 31, 2019 $ 18,893 $ 6,838 $ 18,898 $ 3,057 $ 3,453 $ — $ 12,142 $ 604 $ 63,885 Individually evaluated for impairment $ 48 $ — $ — $ 1,634 $ — $ — $ 230 $ 33 $ 1,945 Collectively evaluated for impairment 18,845 6,838 18,898 1,423 3,453 — 11,912 571 61,940 Total ending ALL balance $ 18,893 $ 6,838 $ 18,898 $ 3,057 $ 3,453 $ — $ 12,142 $ 604 $ 63,885 Loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 4,861 $ 573 $ — $ 3,808 $ 2,519 $ — $ 20,362 $ 841 $ 32,964 Collectively evaluated for impairment 1,902,241 864,948 2,332,527 71,190 209,030 — 2,082,332 61,968 7,524,236 Total ending loan balances $ 1,907,102 $ 865,521 $ 2,332,527 $ 74,998 $ 211,549 $ — $ 2,102,694 $ 62,809 $ 7,557,200 The following table presents loans individually evaluated for impairment by class of loans as of the dates indicated. The recorded investment, excluding accrued interest, presents customer balances net of any partial charge-offs recognized on the loans and net of any deferred fees and costs and any purchase premium or discount. March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 ($ in thousands) Unpaid Principal Balance Recorded Investment Allowance for Loan Losses Unpaid Principal Balance Recorded Investment Allowance for Loan Losses With no related ALL recorded: Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ 6,332 $ 6,319 $ — $ 1,471 $ 1,460 $ — Commercial real estate 2,968 2,763 — — — — SBA 1,489 1,426 — 1,439 1,379 — Consumer: Single family residential mortgage 29,024 29,183 — 19,319 19,405 — Other consumer 611 614 — 671 675 — With an ALL recorded: Commercial: Commercial and industrial 18,268 18,275 3,606 18,776 18,776 3,367 SBA 4,050 3,866 2,208 3,921 3,757 2,045 Consumer: Single family residential mortgage — — — 4,213 4,252 574 Other consumer — — — 4 4 4 Total $ 62,742 $ 62,446 $ 5,814 $ 49,814 $ 49,708 $ 5,990 The following table presents information on impaired loans, disaggregated by class, for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended ($ in thousands) Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Cash Basis Interest Recognized March 31, 2020 Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ 22,912 $ 21 $ 21 Commercial real estate 2,774 — — SBA 5,414 3 3 Consumer: Single family residential mortgage 29,483 54 45 Other consumer 617 3 3 Total $ 61,200 $ 81 $ 72 March 31, 2019 Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ 5,048 $ — $ — Commercial real estate 577 — — SBA 3,845 4 4 Construction 2,519 — — Consumer: Single family residential mortgage 19,323 58 49 Other consumer 844 3 3 Total $ 32,156 $ 65 $ 56 Troubled Debt Restructurings A modification of a loan constitutes a TDR when we, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, grant a concession to the borrower that we would not otherwise consider. A concession or concessions may be granted in various forms, including a below-market change in the stated interest rate, a reduction in the loan balance or accrued interest, an extension of the maturity date, or a note split with principal forgiveness. In order to determine whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, an evaluation is performed of the probability that the borrower will be in payment default on any of its debt in the foreseeable future without the modification. This evaluation is performed under our internal underwriting policy. TDR loans consisted of the following as of the dates indicated: March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 ($ in thousands) NTM Loans Traditional Loans Total NTM Loans Traditional Loans Total Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ — $ 21,586 $ 21,586 $ — $ 16,245 $ 16,245 SBA — 266 266 — 266 266 Consumer: Single family residential mortgage 2,630 2,176 4,806 2,638 2,394 5,032 Other consumer 294 — 294 294 — 294 Total $ 2,924 $ 24,028 $ 26,952 $ 2,932 $ 18,905 $ 21,837 We had commitments to lend to customers with outstanding loans that were classified as TDRs of $135 thousand and $135 thousand as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 , respectively. Accruing TDRs were $6.1 million and non-accrual TDRs were $20.9 million at March 31, 2020 compared to accruing TDRs of $6.6 million and non-accrual TDRs of $15.2 million at December 31, 2019 . The increase in TDRs during the three months ended March 31, 2020 was primarily due to one commercial and industrial relationship. The following table summarizes the pre-modification and post-modification balances of the new TDRs for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended ($ in thousands) Number of Loans Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment March 31, 2020 Commercial: Commercial and industrial 1 $ 5,000 $ 5,000 Total 1 5,000 5,000 March 31, 2019 Total — $ — $ — We consider a TDR to be in payment default once it becomes 30 days or more past due following a modification. During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 , there were no loans that were modified as TDRs during the past 12 months that had subsequent payment defaults during the periods. The following table summarizes TDRs by modification type for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended Modification Type Change in Principal Payments and Interest Rates Change in Principal Payments Total ($ in thousands) Count Amount Count Amount Count Amount March 31, 2020 Commercial: Commercial and industrial 1 $ 5,000 — $ — 1 $ 5,000 Total 1 $ 5,000 — $ — 1 $ 5,000 March 31, 2019 Total — $ — — $ — — $ — Purchases, Sales, and Transfers From time to time, we purchase and sell loans in the secondary market. Certain loans are transferred from held-for-investment to held-for-sale at the lower of cost or fair value and any reductions in value on transfer are reflected as write-downs to allowance for credit losses. We had no purchases of loans for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 . The following table presents loans transferred from (to) loans held-for-sale by portfolio segment for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended ($ in thousands) Transfers from Held-For-Sale Transfers (to) Held-For-Sale March 31, 2020 Total $ — $ — March 31, 2019 Commercial: Commercial and industrial $ — $ — Multifamily — — Consumer: Single family residential mortgage — (243,364 ) Other consumer — — Total $ — $ (243,364 ) There were no sales of loans during the three months ended March 31, 2020 . Loss on sale of loans during the three months ended totaled $27 thousand and related to certain adjustments for previously sold loans. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 , we sold $243.4 million in SFR loans, resulting in a gain of $1.6 million . Non-Traditional Mortgage Loans ("NTM") Our NTM portfolio is comprised of three interest only products: Green Loans, Interest Only loans and a small number of additional loans with the potential for negative amortization. The initial credit guidelines for the NTM portfolio were established based on the borrower's Fair Isaac Corporation (FICO) score, LTV ratio, property type, occupancy type, loan amount, and geography. Additionally, from an ongoing credit risk management perspective, we have determined that the most significant performance indicators for NTMs are LTV ratios and FICO scores. We review the NTM loan portfolio periodically, which includes refreshing FICO scores on the Green Loans and HELOCs and ordering third party automated valuation models (AVMs) to confirm collateral values. We no longer originate NTM loans. The following table presents the composition of the NTM portfolio, which are included in the single family residential mortgage portfolio, as of the dates indicated: March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 ($ in thousands) Count Amount Percent Count Amount Percent Consumer: Single family residential mortgage: Green Loans (HELOC) - first liens 65 $ 45,913 8.2 % 69 $ 49,959 8.3 % Interest-only - first liens 349 509,892 91.0 % 376 545,371 90.8 % Negative amortization 8 2,359 0.4 % 9 3,027 0.5 % Total NTM - first liens 422 558,164 99.7 % 454 598,357 99.6 % Other consumer: Green Loans (HELOC) - second liens 6 1,894 0.3 % 7 2,299 0.4 % Total NTM - second liens 6 1,894 0.3 % 7 2,299 0.4 % Total NTM loans 428 $ 560,058 100.0 % 461 $ 600,656 100.0 % Total loans receivable $ 5,667,464 $ 5,951,885 % of total NTM loans to total loans receivable 9.9 % 10.1 % The NTM loans on non-accrual status included $4.7 million of Green loans and $10.9 million of interest-only loans at March 31, 2020 compared to $1.5 million of Green loans and $11.5 million of interest only loans at December 31, 2019 . |