Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The accompanying interim unaudited condensed financial statements have been prepared by the Company pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and reflect the accounts of the Company as of September 30, 2015. Accordingly they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for complete financial statements. The accompanying interim unaudited, condensed financial statements reflect all adjustments consisting of normal recurring adjustments which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial position and the results of its operations and cash flows, as of and for the periods presented. The unaudited condensed balance sheet at December 31, 2014 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for annual financial statements. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations. Reverse Stock Split On April 27, 2015, the Company effected a one-for-107.39 reverse stock split of its outstanding common stock. All applicable common share and per common share information has been retroactively adjusted to reflect the effect of this reverse stock split. The reverse stock split did not change the number of shares of convertible preferred stock outstanding, but did affect the conversion ratios associated with the convertible preferred stock. Initial On May 11, 2015, the Company successfully completed its initial public offering (“IPO”), in which the Company sold 3,570,000 shares of common stock at $14.00 per share for total gross proceeds of approximately $50 million. An additional 90,076 shares of common stock were subsequently sold pursuant to the partial exercise by the underwriters of their over-allotment option resulting in additional gross proceeds of approximately $1.3 million. After underwriters’ fees and commissions and other expenses of the offering, the Company’s aggregate net proceeds were approximately $45.4 million. All outstanding shares of the Company’s redeemable convertible preferred stock converted into shares of common stock in connection with the IPO. Following the IPO, there were no shares of preferred stock outstanding. Liquidity The Company expects that the net proceeds from the IPO and its pre-existing cash and cash equivalents, together with interest thereon, will be sufficient to fund its operations for at least the next 12 months. However, the Company has had recurring operating losses and negative cash flows from operations since its inception. As such, the Company expects that it will need to raise additional equity or debt capital at some point in the future until its revenue reaches a level sufficient to provide for self-sustaining cash flows. There can be no assurance that additional equity or debt financing will be available on acceptable terms, or at all, or that the Company’s revenue will reach a level sufficient to provide for self-sustaining cash flows. The results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full fiscal year or any other period. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company’s significant estimates include revenue recognition, stock-based compensation expense, the value of the warrant liability, the resolution of uncertain tax positions, income tax valuation allowances, recovery of long-lived assets and provisions for doubtful accounts, inventory obsolescence and inventory valuation. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash and cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on deposit with financial institutions, money market instruments and high credit quality corporate debt securities purchased with a term of three months or less. Investments The Company classifies its securities as available-for-sale, which are reported at estimated fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax. Realized gains, realized losses and declines in value of securities judged to be other-than-temporary, are included in other income (expense). The cost of investments for purposes of computing realized and unrealized gains and losses is based on the specific identification method. Interest and dividends earned on all securities are included in other income (expense). Investments in securities with maturities of less than one year, or where management’s intent is to use the investments to fund current operations, or to make them available for current operations, are classified as short-term investments. If the estimated fair value of a security is below its carrying value, the Company evaluates whether it is more likely than not that it will sell the security before its anticipated recovery in market value and whether evidence indicating that the cost of the investment is recoverable within a reasonable period of time outweighs evidence to the contrary. The Company also evaluates whether or not it intends to sell the investment. If the impairment is considered to be other-than-temporary, the security is written down to its estimated fair value. In addition, the Company considers whether credit losses exist for any securities. A credit loss exists if the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis of the security. Other-than-temporary declines in estimated fair value and credit losses are charged against other income (expense). Accounts Receivable, net Accounts receivable represent valid claims against debtors and have been reported net of an allowance for doubtful accounts of $129,922 and $85,068 at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. Management reviews accounts receivable to identify where collectability may not be probable based on the specific identification method. Bad debt expense, net of recoveries, was $11,000 and $44,854 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, and $15,000 and $117,467 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively. Inventory, net Inventory, consisting of raw materials and finished goods, is stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or market. The Company reserves or writes down its inventory for estimated obsolescence, inventory in excess of reasonably expected near term sales or unmarketable inventory, in an amount equal to the difference between the cost of inventory and the estimated market value, based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions. If actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected by the Company, additional inventory write-downs may be required. Inventory impairment charges establish a new cost basis for inventory and charges are not reversed subsequently to income, even if circumstances later suggest that increased carrying amounts are recoverable. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, the Company recorded an increase in the inventory reserve of $62,872 and $273,752, respectively, to adjust for estimated shrinkage and excess inventory. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, the Company recorded a decrease in the inventory reserve of $536,119 and $536,119, respectively. These amounts were recorded within cost of revenue for each year. During the quarter ended March 31, 2015, the Company determined that the average period of time customers use to evaluate the Company’s equipment generally ranges from 90 to 180 days, and in certain circumstances the evaluation period may need to be extended beyond that period. HTG Edge or HTG EdgeSeq instruments at customer locations under evaluation agreements are included in finished goods inventory. Equipment that is under evaluation for purchase remains in inventory as the Company maintains title to the equipment throughout the evaluation period. If the customer has not completed the purchase of the instrument by the end of the initial evaluation period, the Company will determine whether to extend the evaluation period or have the equipment returned to the Company. However, in no case will the evaluation period exceed one year. If the customer has not purchased the equipment or entered into a reagent agreement with the Company after evaluating for one year, the cost of the equipment is written off to cost of revenue if the customer is allowed to continue use of the equipment. Prior to January 1, 2015, the Company recorded equipment under evaluation more than 90 days in property and equipment. The Company accordingly has reclassified from property and equipment to inventory field equipment with a net book value of $210,606 at December 31, 2014 under evaluation at that time for longer than 90 days and less than one year. Property and Equipment, net Property and equipment are stated at historical cost and depreciated over their useful lives, which range from three to five years, using the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the lesser of the remaining lease term or the estimated useful life. Field equipment is amortized using the straight-line method over the lesser of the period of the related reagent agreement or the estimated useful life. Depreciation and leasehold improvement amortization expense was $174,390 and $473,799 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, and $120,506 and $349,518 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively. Costs incurred in the development and installation of software for internal use are expensed or capitalized, depending on whether they are incurred in the preliminary project stage (expensed), application development stage (capitalized), or post-implementation stage (expensed). Amounts capitalized following project completion are amortized on a straight-line basis over the useful life of the developed asset, which is generally three years. There was no amortization expense for capitalized software costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015. Amortization expense for capitalized software costs was $3,896 and $15,583 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying value of financial instruments classified as current assets and current liabilities approximate fair value due to their liquidity and short-term nature. Investments that are classified as available-for-sale are recorded at fair value. The fair value for securities held is determined using quoted market prices, broker or dealer quotations, or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency. The carrying amounts of the Company’s asset-secured growth capital term loan (the “Growth Term Loan”) and convertible notes were estimated using Level 3 inputs and approximate fair value since the interest rate approximates the market rate for debt securities with similar terms and risk characteristics. Stock Issuance Costs Certain costs incurred in connection with the issuance of the Company’s redeemable convertible preferred stock (the “Convertible Preferred Stock”) have been deferred and are being accreted. Stock issuance costs have historically been accreted to distributions in excess of capital using the effective interest method. Accretion was $0 and $35,046 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, and $19,488 and $71,175 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively. Upon automatic conversion of the Convertible Preferred Stock to common stock in connection with the closing of the Company’s IPO in May 2015, issuance costs were no longer accreted. Stock issuance cost for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 included in the second quarter 2015 Form 10Q filing was overstated by an immaterial amount of $137,094. This resulted in an overstatement of the net loss per share attributable to common stockholders of $1.42 per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014. Deferred Financing Costs and Debt Discounts Certain costs incurred in connection with the Growth Term Loan have been deferred and are being amortized. Debt issuance costs and debt discount are amortized over the term of the Growth Term Loan using the effective interest method. In addition, prior to the IPO, costs incurred in connection with the issuance of notes under the Company’s two note and warrant purchase agreements dated December 30, 2014 (the “Note Agreements”) in February and March 2015 were capitalized and amortized over the term of the Note Agreements using the straight-line accretion method, which approximated the effective interest method in this instance. The Company has recorded approximately $59,582 and $75,131 of deferred financing costs in the accompanying condensed balance sheets as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. Deferred financing cost amortization expense for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2015 was $4,523 and $37,461 respectively. Deferred financing cost amortization was $2,700 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014. Amortization of growth term loan discount was $31,595 and $120,627 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, and is included in interest expense in the accompanying condensed statements of operations. Amortization of the Note Agreement discount was $0 and $90,222 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, and is included in interest expense in the accompanying condensed statements of operations. The Company compared the value of the common stock issued to settle the debt with the carrying amount of the debt at the IPO closing date of May 2015, net of unamortized discount. The Company recorded a loss on settlement of convertible debt of $705,217, comprised of $651,606 to write off unamortized discount and $53,611 to write off unamortized deferred financing costs relating to the convertible notes which were settled with common stock at the IPO, in the accompanying condensed statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively. Growth term loan discount accretion was $16,125 for the three and six months ended September 30, 2014, and there was no convertible note discount accretion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014. Deferred Offering Costs Deferred offering costs represent legal, accounting and other direct costs related to the IPO, which was completed in May 2015. In accounting for the IPO in May 2015, direct offering costs of approximately $2.3 million were reclassified to additional paid-in capital and are shown, along with underwriters’ fees paid, net against IPO proceeds received. The Company recorded $0 and $1.3 million of deferred offering costs as a non-current asset in the accompanying condensed balance sheets as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. Deferred Revenue Deferred revenue represents cash receipts for products or services to be provided in future periods. When products are delivered or services are rendered, deferred revenue is then recognized as earned. Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue from the sale of instruments, consumables and related services when the following four basic criteria are met: (1) a contract has been entered into with a customer or persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (2) delivery has occurred or services rendered, (3) the fee is fixed and determinable, and (4) collectability is reasonably assured. Sale of instruments and consumables Instrument product revenue is generally recognized upon installation and calibration by our field service engineers, unless the customer has specified any other acceptance criteria. The sale of instruments and related installation and calibration are considered to be one unit of accounting, as instruments are required to be professionally installed and calibrated before use. Installation generally occurs within a week of shipment. Consumables are considered to be separate units of accounting as they are sold separately. Consumables revenue is recognized upon transfer of ownership, which is generally upon shipment. The Company’s standard term and conditions provide that no right of return exists for instruments or consumables. Shipping and handling fees charged to the Company’s customers for instruments and consumables shipped are included in the condensed statements of operations as part of product revenue. Shipping and handling costs for sold products shipped to the Company’s customers are included on the condensed statements of operations as part of cost of revenue. When a contract involves multiple elements, the items included in the arrangement (deliverables) are evaluated to determine whether they represent separate units of accounting. The Company performs this evaluation at the inception of an arrangement and as each item is delivered in the arrangement. Generally, the Company accounts for a deliverable (or a group of deliverables) separately if the delivered item has stand-alone value to the customer, the customer is given a general right of return relative to the delivered item, and delivery or performance of the undelivered item or service is probable and substantially in the Company’s control. When multiple elements can be separated into separate units of accounting, arrangement consideration is allocated at the inception of the arrangement, based on each deliverables’ relative selling price. All revenue from contracts determined not to have separate units of accounting is recognized based on consideration of the most substantive delivery factor of all the elements in the contract. The Company provides instruments to certain customers under a reagent agreement. Under these agreements, the Company installs instruments in the customer’s facility without a fee and the customer agrees to purchase consumable products at a stated price over the term of the agreement; in some instances the agreements do not contain a minimum purchase requirement. Terms range from several months to multiple years and may automatically renew in several month or multiple year increments unless either party notifies the other in advance that the agreement will not renew. This represents a multiple element arrangement and because all consideration under the reagent agreement is contingent on the sale of consumables, no consideration has been allocated to the instrument and no revenue has been recognized upon installation of the instrument. The Company expects to recover the cost of the instrument under the agreement through the fees charged for consumables, to the extent sold, over the term of the agreement. Revenue is recognized as consumables are shipped. In reagent rental agreements, the Company retains title to the instrument and title is transferred to the customer at no additional charge at the conclusion of the initial arrangement. Because the pattern of revenue from the arrangement cannot be reasonably estimated, the cost of the instrument is amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the arrangement, unless there is no minimum consumable product purchase in which case the instrument would be expensed as cost of goods sold. Cost to maintain the instrument while title remains with the Company is charged to cost of revenue as incurred. The Company offers customers the opportunity to purchase separately-priced extended warranty contracts to provide for service upon conclusion of the standard one-year warranty period. The revenue from these contracts is recorded as a component of deferred revenue in the accompanying condensed balance sheets at the inception of the contract and is recognized as revenue over the contract service period. Service Revenue For contracts related to custom panel design services and sample processing, the Company utilizes a proportional performance revenue recognition model, under which revenue is recognized as performance occurs based on the relative outputs of the performance that have occurred up to that point in time under the respective agreement. The Company includes all applicable costs incurred related to custom panel design services, including research and development costs and general and administrative expenses, in cost of revenue. The Company also provides contract research services under cost plus fixed fee government contracts. Revenue is recognized under government contracts using the percentage-of-completion method of accounting. Under the percentage-of-completion method, contract research revenue is recognized as the work progresses and services are rendered and costs are incurred. The fixed fee is recognized in proportion to costs incurred compared to total estimated costs. The Company includes all applicable costs incurred from government contracts, including general and administrative expenses on government contracts, in cost of revenue. Anticipated losses, if any, on contracts are charged to earnings as soon as they are identified. Anticipated losses cover all costs allocable to contracts. Revenue arising from claims or change orders is recorded either as income or as an offset against a potential loss only when the amount of the claim can be estimated and its realization is probable. Other Revenue Other revenue includes license and grant revenue. License revenue is generated from the licensing of the Company’s internally developed intellectual property to third parties. The revenue may be generated by nonrefundable up-front payments and license fees, milestone and other contingent payments, or royalties based on sales of commercialized products. Licensing fees are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the license agreement for agreements requiring specific continuing performance obligations with deferral of all or a portion of these fees. If it cannot be concluded that a license fee is fixed or determinable at the outset of an arrangement, amounts are recognized as income as payments from third parties become due. No licensing fees were included in other revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014. Grant revenue is earned when expenditures relating to the projects under these awards are incurred. Product Warranty The Company generally provides a one-year warranty on its HTG Edge and HTG EdgeSeq systems covering the performance of system hardware and software in conformance with customer specifications under normal use and protecting against defects in materials and workmanship. The Company may, at its option, replace, repair or exchange products covered under valid warranty claims. A provision for estimated warranty costs is recognized at the time of sale, through Cost of Revenue, based upon recent historical experience and other relevant information as it becomes available. The Company continuously assesses the adequacy of its product warranty accrual by reviewing actual claims and makes adjustments to the provision as needed. Due to a lack of historical data and a low rate of warranty claims, the Company had not recorded any liability for product warranty prior to the current period. Note 12 “Commitments and Contingencies” contains additional information relating to the Company’s product warranties. Research and Development Expenses Research and development expenses represent both costs incurred internally for research and development activities and costs incurred externally to fund research activities. All research and development costs are expensed as incurred. During the quarter ended September 30, 2015, the Company entered into a Development and Professional Services agreement with Invetech PTY Ltd. (Note 7) for the development of its low volume throughput HTG EdgeSeq platform, for which $150,000 of research and development expense was recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015. Share-Based Compensation The Company recognizes expense for share-based payments to employees, including grants of stock options and restricted stock units, based on the fair value of awards on the date of grant. The fair value of each employee stock option granted pursuant to the Company’s equity incentive plans is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The determination of the fair value of share-based payment awards utilizing the Black-Scholes option pricing model is affected by the fair value of the Company’s stock price and a number of assumptions, including volatility, expected term, risk-free interest rate, and dividend yield. Generally these assumptions are based on historical information and judgment is required to determine if historical trends may be indicators of future outcomes. Employee stock-based compensation expense is calculated based on awards ultimately expected to vest and is reduced for estimated forfeitures. Forfeitures are revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates and an adjustment to stock-based compensation expense will be recognized at that time. Changes to assumptions used in Black-Scholes option valuation calculation and the forfeiture rate could significantly impact the compensation expense recognized by the Company. The Company uses fair value to account for restricted stock units (RSUs). The RSUs are valued based on the quoted market price of common stock on the date of grant and amortized ratably over the life of the award. For share-based payments to nonemployee consultants, the fair value of the share-based consideration issued is used to measure the transaction, as the Company believes this to be a more reliable measure of fair value than the services received. The fair value of the award is measured at the fair value of the Company’s stock options on the date that the commitment for performance by the nonemployee consultant has been reached or performance is complete. Stock-based compensation costs are recognized as expense over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period for awards, on a straight-line basis. Concentration Risks Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents and uncollateralized accounts receivable. The Company maintains the majority of its cash balances in the form of cash deposits in bank checking and money market accounts in amounts in excess of federally insured limits. Management believes, based upon the quality of the financial institution, that the credit risk with regard to these deposits is not significant. The Company sells its instruments, consumables, sample processing services, custom panel design services and contract research services primarily to biopharmaceutical companies, academic institutions and molecular labs. The Company routinely assesses the financial strength of its customers and credit losses have been minimal to date. The top three customers accounted for 26%, 16% and 12% of the Company’s revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2015, compared with 19%, 19% and 5% for the three months ended September 30, 2014. The largest two customers accounted for 29% and 10% of the Company’s revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The largest three customers accounted for 12%, 10% and 9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The Company derived 0% and 12% of its total revenue from grants and contracts, primarily from one organization during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2015, respectively. 27% and 32% of total revenue was derived from grants and contracts primarily from one organization, during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2014, respectively. The largest two customers accounted for approximately 23% and 23% of the Company’s net accounts receivable as of September 30, 2015. One customer accounted for approximately 31% of the Company’s net accounts receivable at December 31, 2014. The Company currently relies on a single vendor to manufacture its HTG Edge processor and reader and HTG EdgeSeq processor and additional single suppliers to supply subcomponents used in the processor. A loss of any of these suppliers could significantly delay the delivery of HTG Edge systems, which in turn would materially affect the Company’s ability to generate revenue. New Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09”), which supersedes nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under GAAP. The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is to recognize revenues when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 defines a five step process to achieve this core principle and, in doing so, more judgment and estimates may be required within the revenue recognition process than are required under existing GAAP. The revised revenue standard is effective for public entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods therein, using either of the following transition methods: (i) a full retrospective approach reflecting the application of the standard in each prior reporting period with the option to elect certain practical expedients, or (ii) a retrospective approach with the cumulative effect of initially adopting ASU 2014-09 recognized at the date of adoption (which includes additional footnote disclosures). The Company is currently evaluating the impact of our pending adoption of ASU 2014-09 on our financial statements and has not yet determined the method by which we will adopt the standard. In August 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-15, Going Concern (“ASU 2014-15”). ASU 2014-15 provides GAAP guidance on management’s responsibility in evaluating whether there is substantial doubt about a company’s ability to continue as a going concern and about related footnote disclosures. For each reporting period, management will be required to evaluate whether there are conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about a company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year from the date the financial statements are issued. The standard will be effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Early application is permitted for annual or interim reporting periods for which the financial statements have not previously been issued. The Company does not believe the adoption of this standard will have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements. In April 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2015-03, Interest – Imputation of Interest: Simplifying the presentation of Debt Issuance Costs (“ASU 2015-03”). The standard requires entities to present debt issuance costs on the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the related debt liability rather than as an asset, and the amortization is reported as interest expense. The result of application of this guidance would be to reduce the deferred financing costs balance, with a corresponding reduction to the long term liabilities to which the debt issuance costs relate in the condensed balance sheets. The standard does not affect recognition and measurement of debt issuance costs. The Company expects to adopt ASU 2015-03 on January 1, 2016. In July 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2015-11, Inventory: Simplifying the |