| Summary of significant accounting policies | 2. Summary of significant accounting policies
Basis of presentation
The accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 are unaudited. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial information has been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) in the United States of America (“U.S.”) for complete financial statements. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes for the year ended December 31, 2014 contained in our annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 16, 2015. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual consolidated financial statements and in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of our results of operations and cash flows for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, and our financial position as of June 30, 2015. The year-end balance sheet data was derived from audited consolidated financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for an entire year or any other future year or interim period.
Principles of consolidation
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include our accounts and the accounts of our majority owned subsidiaries. We consolidate our 70% ownership of Concourse Communications Detroit, LLC, our 70% ownership of Chicago Concourse Development Group, LLC and our 75% ownership of Boingo Holding Participacoes Ltda. in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810, Consolidation . Other parties’ interests in consolidated entities are reported as non-controlling interests. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
On August 4, 2015, we purchased the remaining 30% ownership interest in Concourse Communications Detroit, LLC from the noncontrolling interest owners for $1,150.
Segment and geographical information
We operate as one reportable segment; a service provider of mobile Internet solutions across our managed and operated network and aggregated network for mobile devices such as laptops, smartphones, tablet computers and other wireless-enabled consumer devices. This single segment is consistent with the internal organization structure and the manner in which operations are reviewed and managed by our Chief Executive Officer, the chief operating decision maker.
All significant long-lived tangible assets are held in the U.S. We do not disclose sales by geographic area because to do so would be impracticable. In our annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 16, 2015, we updated our presentation of retail and wholesale revenue sources to provide increased visibility into the revenue streams that are the focus of our current and future operational and development efforts. Our retail revenue sources were previously differentiated based on our retail plan types — subscription or single-use. We believe that it would be more relevant to differentiate our individual users based on the nature of the users — retail users who purchase Internet access at our managed and operated hotspots and select partner locations or military users who purchase Internet access and/or IPTV services for individual use on U.S. military bases. We also previously combined our wholesale DAS and Wi-Fi revenues and we believe that it would be better to disaggregate these wholesale product revenues going forward by DAS and Wi-Fi given the current development of these products. As a result, we have also reclassified our revenues by primary revenue source for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 for comparability purposes.
The following is a summary of our revenue by primary revenue source:
Three Months Ended June 30,
Six Months Ended June 30,
2015
2014
2015
2014
Revenue:
Retail
$
$
$
$
DAS
Wholesale—Wi-Fi
Military
Advertising and other
Total revenue
$
$
$
$
Marketable securities
Our marketable securities consist of available-for-sale securities with original maturities exceeding three months. In accordance with FASB ASC 320, Investments—Debt and Equity Securities, we have classified securities, which have readily determinable fair values and are highly liquid, as short-term because such securities are expected to be realized within a one-year period. At June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, we had $0 and $1,614, respectively, in marketable securities.
Marketable securities are reported at fair value with the related unrealized gains and losses reported as other comprehensive income (loss) until realized or until a determination is made that an other-than-temporary decline in market value has occurred. No significant unrealized gains and losses have been reported during the periods presented. Factors considered by us in assessing whether an other-than-temporary impairment has occurred include the nature of the investment, whether the decline in fair value is attributable to specific adverse conditions affecting the investment, the financial condition of the investee, the severity and the duration of the impairment and whether we have the ability to hold the investment to maturity. When it is determined that an other-than-temporary impairment has occurred, the investment is written down to its market value at the end of the period in which it is determined that an other-than-temporary decline has occurred. The cost of marketable securities sold is based upon the specific identification method. Any realized gains or losses on the sale of investments are reflected as a component of interest and other income (expense), net.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, we had no significant realized or unrealized gains or losses from investments in marketable securities classified as available-for-sale. As of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, we had no unrealized gains or losses in accumulated other comprehensive loss.
Revenue recognition
We generate revenue from several sources including: (i) retail and military customers under subscription plans for month-to-month network access that automatically renew, and retail and military single-use access from sales of hourly, daily or other single-use access plans, (ii) DAS customers that are telecom operators under long-term contracts for access to our DAS at our managed and operated locations, (iii) arrangements with wholesale Wi-Fi customers that provide software licensing, network access, and/or professional services fees, and (iv) display advertisements and sponsorships on our walled garden sign-in pages. Software licensed by our wholesale platform services customers can only be used during the term of the service arrangements and has no utility to them upon termination of the service arrangement.
We recognize revenue when an arrangement exists, services have been rendered, fees are fixed or determinable, no significant obligations remain related to the earned fees and collection of the related receivable is reasonably assured.
Subscription fees from retail and military customers are paid monthly in advance. Subscription fee revenue is recognized ratably over the subscription period and revenue is deferred for the portions of monthly recurring subscription fees collected in advance. Revenue generated from retail and military single-use access is recognized when access is provided. We provide refunds for our retail and military services on a case-by-case basis. These amounts are not significant and are recorded as contra-revenue in the period the refunds are made.
Revenue generated from access to our DAS networks consists of build-out fees and recurring access fees under certain long-term contracts with telecom operators. Build-out fees paid upfront are generally deferred and recognized ratably over the term of the estimated customer relationship period, once the build-out is complete. Periodically, we install and sell Wi-Fi and DAS networks to customers where we do not have service contracts or remaining obligations beyond the installation of those networks and we recognize build-out fees for such projects as revenue when the installation work is completed and the network has been accepted by the customer. Minimum monthly access fees for usage of the DAS networks are non-cancellable and generally escalate on an annual basis. These minimum monthly access fees are recognized ratably over the non-cancellable term of the telecom operator agreement. The initial term of our contracts with telecom operators generally range from five to ten years and the agreements generally contain renewal clauses.
Services provided to wholesale Wi-Fi partners generally contain several elements including: (i) a term license to use our software to access our Wi-Fi network, (ii) access fees for Wi-Fi network usage, and/or (iii) professional services for software integration and customization and to maintain the Wi-Fi service. The term license, monthly minimum network access fees and professional services are billed on a monthly basis based upon predetermined fixed rates. Once the term license for integration and customization are delivered, the fees from the arrangement are recognized ratably over the remaining term of the service arrangement. The initial term of the license agreements is generally between one to five years and the agreements generally contain renewal clauses. Revenue for Wi-Fi network access fees in excess of the monthly minimum amounts is recognized when earned. All elements within existing service arrangements are generally delivered and earned concurrently throughout the term of the respective service arrangement.
In instances where the minimum monthly Wi-Fi and DAS network access fees escalate over the term of the wholesale service arrangement, an unbilled receivable is recognized when performance is within our control and when we have reasonable assurance that the unbilled receivable balance will be collected.
We adopted the provisions of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2009-13, Revenue Recognition (Topic 605)—Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements (“ASU 2009-13”), on a prospective basis on January 1, 2011. For multiple-deliverable arrangements entered into prior to January 1, 2011 that are accounted for under ASC 605-25, Revenue Recognition—Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements , we defer recognition of revenue for the full arrangement and recognize all revenue ratably over the wholesale service period for Wi-Fi platform service arrangements and the term of the estimated customer relationship period for DAS arrangements, as we do not have evidence of fair value for the undelivered elements in the arrangement. For multiple-deliverable arrangements entered into or materially modified after January 1, 2011 that are accounted for under ASC 605-25, we evaluate whether or not separate units of accounting exist and then allocate the arrangement consideration to all units of accounting based on the relative selling price method using estimated selling prices if vendor specific objective evidence and third party evidence is not available. We recognize the revenue associated with the separate units of accounting upon completion of such services or ratably over the wholesale service period for Wi-Fi platform service arrangements and the term of the estimated customer relationship period for DAS arrangements.
Advertising revenue is generated from advertisements on our managed and operated or partner networks. In determining whether an arrangement exists, we ensure that a binding arrangement is in place, such as a standard insertion order or a fully executed customer-specific agreement. Obligations pursuant to our advertising revenue arrangements typically include a minimum number of units or the satisfaction of certain performance criteria. Advertising and other revenue is recognized when the services are performed.
Foreign currency translation
Our Brazilian subsidiary uses the Brazilian Real as its functional currency. Assets and liabilities of our Brazilian subsidiary are translated to U.S. dollars at period-end rates of exchange, and revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates prevailing for each month. The resulting translation adjustments are made directly to a separate component of other comprehensive loss, which is reflected in stockholders’ equity in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company had $783 and $443, respectively, of cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax, which was $0 as of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 due to the full valuation allowance established against our deferred tax assets, in accumulated other comprehensive loss.
Some of our subsidiaries also enter into transactions and have monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in a currency other than the entities’ respective functional currencies. Gains and losses from the remeasurement of these foreign currency transactions and monetary assets and liabilities using the exchange rate as of the end of the reporting period are included in interest and other income (expense), net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Fair value of financial instruments
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received from selling an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, we consider the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact, and we consider assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability.
The accounting guidance for fair value measurement also requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the level of independent, objective evidence surrounding the inputs used to measure fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:
·
Level 1—Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.
·
Level 2—Quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or financial instruments for which significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.
·
Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
The carrying amount reflected in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments.
Recent accounting pronouncements
In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-05, Customer’s Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud Computing Arrangement , which provides guidance to customers about whether a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license. If a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license, then the customer should account for the arrangement for the software license element of the arrangement consistent with the acquisition of other software licenses. If a cloud computing arrangement does not include a software license, the customer should account for the arrangement as a service contract. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for all entities. An entity may choose to adopt the new standard either retrospectively or prospectively. We are currently evaluating the expected impact of this new standard on our cloud computing arrangements in our consolidated financial statements.
In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs , which requires entities to present debt issuance costs related to a note as a direct deduction from the face amount of that note, similar to the presentation of debt discounts. The costs will continue to be amortized to interest expense. In a June 2015 EITF meeting, the SEC observer clarified that ASU 2015-03 does not address debt issuance costs related to revolving debt arrangements and stated the SEC staff would not object to the use of current authoritative guidance to defer and present such costs as an asset and amortize the asset ratably over the term of the revolving debt arrangement. The standard will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. An entity must adopt the new standard retrospectively for all prior periods presented in the financial statements. We have not elected to early adopt this standard and we are currently evaluating the expected impact of this new standard. As of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, we have classified debt issuance costs related to our revolving line of credit of $178 and $178, respectively, within prepaid expenses and other current assets, and $425 and $514, respectively, within other assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-02, Consolidation — Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis , which amends the current consolidation guidance and ends the deferral granted to investment companies from applying the variable interest entity (VIE) guidance. The standard will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015. Early adoption is permitted. We do not expect that this standard will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern , which explicitly requires management to assess an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern in connection with each annual and interim period. Management will assess if there is substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the date the financial statements are issued. Disclosures will be required if conditions give rise to substantial doubt. The standard will be effective for the first annual period ending after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the expected impact of this new standard.
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers , which is intended to improve and converge the financial reporting requirements for revenue from contracts with customers between U.S. GAAP and International Accounting Standards. In accordance with this new standard, an entity would recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services. The standard establishes a five-step model and related application guidance, which will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP. In May 2015, the FASB issued a proposal to clarify the guidance on identifying performance obligations and accounting for licenses of intellectual property. In June 2015, the FASB issued a proposal to clarify how the principal versus agent guidance should be applied for determining whether revenue should be presented gross (as a principal) or net (as an agent). In July 2015, the FASB decided to delay the effective date of the new revenue standard by one year. The standard will be effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The FASB also agreed to allow entities to choose to adopt the standard as of the original effective date. An entity may choose to adopt the new standard either retrospectively or through a cumulative effect adjustment as of the start of the first period for which it applies the new standard. We have not yet selected an effective date or a transition method and are currently evaluating the expected impact of this new standard, including proposed amendments, on our reporting of revenue contracts in our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. |
