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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Amendment No. 2
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
COSÍ, INC.
Delaware | 5812 | 06-1393745 | ||
(State or other jurisdiction of | (Primary Standard Industrial | (I.R.S. Employer | ||
incorporation or organization) | Classification Code Number) | Identification No.) |
242 West 36th Street
Andrew M. Stenzler
Copies to:
William P. Mills, III, Esq. | Morton A. Pierce, Esq. | |
Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft | Dewey Ballantine LLP | |
100 Maiden Lane | 1301 Avenue of the Americas | |
New York, New York 10038 | New York, New York 10019 | |
(212) 504-6000 | (212) 259-8000 | |
(212) 504-6666 (FAX) | (212) 259-6333 (FAX) |
Approximate Date of Commencement of Proposed Sale to the Public: As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement becomes effective.
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are being offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. o
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. o
The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on a date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on a date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
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Dealer Prospectus Delivery Obligation:
Until , all dealers that effect transactions in these securities, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to the dealer’s obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as an underwriter and with respect to unsold allotments or subscriptions.
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Page | ||||
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY | 1 | |||
COSÍ, INC. | 1 | |||
THE OFFERING | 4 | |||
SUMMARY FINANCIAL DATA | 5 | |||
RISK FACTORS | 7 | |||
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS | 14 | |||
USE OF PROCEEDS | 15 | |||
DIVIDEND POLICY | �� | 15 | ||
CAPITALIZATION | 16 | |||
DILUTION | 17 | |||
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA | 18 | |||
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS | 21 | |||
BUSINESS | 32 | |||
MANAGEMENT | 44 | |||
PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS | 53 | |||
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS | 55 | |||
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK | 55 | |||
CERTAIN U.S. FEDERAL INCOME AND ESTATE TAX CONSIDERATIONS | 62 | |||
SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE | 64 | |||
UNDERWRITING | 65 | |||
NOTICE TO CANADIAN RESIDENTS | 68 | |||
PRICING OF THIS OFFERING | 69 | |||
LEGAL MATTERS | 69 | |||
EXPERTS | 69 | |||
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION | 69 | |||
INDEX TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | F-1 |
You should rely only on the information contained in this document. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information that is different. This document may only be used where it is legal to sell these securities. The information in this document may only be accurate as of the date of this document.
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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
This summary does not contain all the information that you should consider before investing. You should read the entire prospectus carefully, including the section entitled “Risk Factors” and our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Except as otherwise indicated or required by the context, all information in this prospectus assumes (i) no exercise of outstanding options to purchase 3,462,704 shares of common stock issued under the Cosí, Inc. Stock Incentive Plan, Cosí Sandwich Bar, Inc. Incentive Stock Option Plan and our Non-Employee Director Stock Option Plan, of which 1,676,331 were exercisable as of April 1, 2002 at a weighted average exercise price of $9.07; (ii) no exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option to purchase up to additional shares of our common stock; and (iii) the conversion of all outstanding shares of our Series A and Series C preferred stock into 6,467,612 shares of our common stock. All outstanding shares of our preferred stock will be converted immediately upon consummation of this offering. Additionally, except as otherwise indicated, all information in this prospectus assumes a 1.75 to 1 reverse stock split of our common stock effectuated on June 4, 2002.
COSÍ, INC.
We own and operate 68 fast casual restaurants in 11 states and the District of Columbia. Our Cosí restaurants are all-day cafés that feature signature bread and coffee products in an environment we adjust appropriately throughout the day. Our Cosí restaurants offer breakfast, lunch, afternoon coffee, dinner, and dessert menus full of creative, cravable foods and beverages. From CosíSquagels® (square bagels made from Cosí bread) to our award-winning sandwiches and pizzas, we have developed featured foods that are built around our secret, generations-old recipe for crackly crust flatbread. These products are freshly baked in front of our customers throughout the day in open flame stone hearth ovens prominently located in each of our restaurants. Our coffees are freshly brewed and expertly prepared by our baristas and bartenders. Our coffee beverages range from simple Cosí brews and traditional lattes to our innovative Double Oh Arctic Mochas and specialty coffee cocktails, featuring theMocha Kiss®. We offer friendly and attentive service in a warm and inclusive atmosphere. Our vision is to become America’s favorite café by giving every customer something to look forward to in their day.
We operate our restaurants in two formats: Cosí and Cosí Downtown. All of our restaurants offer breakfast, lunch and afternoon coffee in a counter service format. After 5 p.m., our Cosí restaurants add table service and offer dinner and dessert in a casual dining format. All of our restaurants are designed to be welcoming and comfortable, featuring oversized sofas, chairs and tables, and faux painted walls. The atmosphere of Cosí is appropriately managed for each daypart by changing the music, both style and volume, and lighting throughout the day. Our restaurants are located in a wide range of markets and trade areas, including business districts and residential communities in both urban and suburban locations.
Cosí was created through the October 1999 merger of two restaurant concepts, Cosí Sandwich Bar, Inc. and Xando, Incorporated. Each company served a similar customer, but focused on different parts of the day. Over the last two years during the development of our concept, we added Cosí Sandwich Bar products to the Xando Coffee and Bar five daypart platform. We believe we have created a restaurant concept that satisfies our customers’ needs fromWake Up Call to Last Call®. In 2001, Restaurant Hospitality Magazine selected Cosí as one of America’s Premier Concepts of Tomorrow.
Concept and Business Strategy
Our objective is to build a nationwide system of distinctive restaurants that generate attractive unit economics by appealing to a broad range of customers across five dayparts: breakfast, lunch, afternoon coffee, dinner and dessert. Inherent in this objective is our ability to leverage our core competencies in both bread
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Build Awareness of the Cosí Brand. We believe that the Cosí name has achieved substantial brand equity among our customers and has become well known within our markets for our signature bread and coffee products, most notably, our award winning crackly crust flatbread, the foundation of every Cosí sandwich.
Provide a Menu Offering Full of Creative, Cravable Foods and Beverages. We offer proprietary bread and coffee products for all five dayparts. All of our signature bread products are made from scratch on premises in front of the customer and baked fresh in our open flame stone hearth oven all day. We believe that our extensive café menu of cravable proprietary products distinguishes us from our competition.
Capitalize on Proven Multiple Daypart Model.By operating in multiple dayparts, we are able to maximize revenues and leverage both development and operating costs. We select sites that experience strong traffic in at least three of five dayparts. Additionally, as we continue to enhance our product offering in each daypart, our new restaurant average unit volumes have significantly increased.
Operate in Multiple Real Estate Paradigms.Our restaurants are located in a wide range of markets and trade areas, which include business districts and residential communities in both urban and suburban locations. We believe that this demonstrates the flexibility of our restaurant designs and the appeal of our concept to a wide variety of consumers.
Provide a High Level of Customer Service.We recognize that a key to a positive customer experience is the customer’s interaction with our employees, or partners. We dedicate significant time and resources to our partners’ experience through our “Life of the Partner” program to focus on every aspect of a partner’s development with us, from sourcing, selection and hiring to orientation, training, continuing education, performance evaluation and promotion.
Leverage our Infrastructure. We have a deep management infrastructure led by seasoned professionals from both the retail and the restaurant industries. We believe that this management team, combined with our founder driven culture, provides us with the right chemistry and experience to execute our growth plans. In addition, we have made a substantial investment in an application service provider model, for the management of our information systems, which allows us to maintain advanced technology without the need to continually re-invest in infrastructure and personnel.
Growth
We believe that there are significant opportunities to expand our concept and brand on a nationwide basis. In addition to new restaurant growth, we believe that we will increase average unit volumes through the launch of new menu segments, product innovations and catering sales. We have incurred net losses of approximately $104 million, the majority of which has been incurred over the last three years during the refinement of our restaurant concept. Although there can be no assurance that we will be able to secure our targeted real estate locations or that our revenue and profits will meet our projected goals, we intend to focus on the following growth strategies to achieve our goals.
New Unit Growth.The addition of new restaurants has been our primary source of growth historically and we anticipate that it will be the primary source of growth in the near term. We believe that we have adopted a manageable growth strategy and intend to develop many of our new restaurants in our existing markets, and selectively enter new markets, to gain operational efficiencies, enhance convenience for our customers and increase brand awareness. We do not utilize a commissary system and thus our expansion is not restricted by geographic proximity to commissary kitchens. Our site selection criteria is flexible and allows us to adapt to a wide variety of real estate paradigms including central business districts, urban and suburban residential locations and suburban shopping centers. We plan to open approximately 30 to 35 new restaurants during fiscal 2002, and approximately 53 to 59 new restaurants in fiscal 2003. We expect the majority of our restaurants to be opened in the future will be in the Cosí all-day format.
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Increased Average Unit Volumes.We plan to increase sales at our restaurants by expanding our food and beverage selections, leveraging each of the five dayparts: breakfast, lunch, afternoon coffee, dinner and dessert. We maintain a pipeline of new menu segments and product launches which are systematically introduced in order to keep our product offerings relevant to consumers in each daypart, drive customer frequency and increase our average check. Additionally, our catering provides us with an additional channel for growth outside of the four walls of the restaurant. With the implementation of this strategy, our new restaurant average unit volumes have significantly increased. During 2001, despite the negative impact of September 11th across all of our restaurants, average sales for restaurants opened from 1994 to 1999 were approximately $1,040,000 and average sales for restaurants opened in 2000 were approximately $1,400,000.
Our principal executive offices are located at 242 West 36th Street, New York, New York 10018 and our telephone number is (212) 653-1600. Our web site address is http://www.getcosi.com. Information on our web site is not a part of this prospectus.
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THE OFFERING
Common stock offered: | ||
By Cosí, Inc. | shares | |
Common stock to be outstanding after the offering | shares | |
Use of proceeds | We will receive approximately $ million in net proceeds in this offering. We intend to use the proceeds for: | |
• the development of new restaurants; | ||
• prepayment of our outstanding 13% senior subordinated notes; and | ||
• general corporate purposes, including working capital needs. | ||
See “Use of Proceeds” for more information regarding our planned use of the net proceeds from this offering. | ||
Dividend policy | We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. | |
Proposed Nasdaq National Market symbol | COSI |
The number of outstanding shares shown above is based on shares outstanding as of April 1, 2002 and excludes 3,462,704 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options outstanding under the Cosí, Inc. Stock Incentive Plan, Cosí Sandwich Bar, Inc. Incentive Stock Option Plan and our Non-Employee Director Stock Option Plan as of April 1, 2002, of which 1,676,331 were exercisable.
We own or have rights to various trademarks and trade names used in our business. These includeCosí®,Cosí DowntownTM, Squagels®, Mocha Kiss®, Wake Up Call to Last Call®, Cosí CornersTM, Warm n’ Cosí MeltsTM, Screamers®, Cosí-dillasTM, and our sun and moon logo®.Oreo® is a registered trademark of Nabisco, Inc. and Captain Morgan® Spiced Rum is a registered trademark of Joseph E. Seagram & Sons, Inc.
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SUMMARY FINANCIAL DATA
The following table shows our summary historical financial data as, at and for the periods indicated. You should read this Summary Financial Data together with “Use of Proceeds”, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes and the other financial data included elsewhere in this prospectus. Our fiscal year ends on the Monday closest to December 31. Fiscal years 1999, 2000 and 2001 ended on January 3, 2000, January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2001, respectively. Fiscal year 1999 contained 53 weeks and fiscal years 2000 and 2001 each contained 52 weeks.
Three Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Fiscal Year | ||||||||||||||||||||||
April 2, | April 1, | |||||||||||||||||||||
1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2001 | 2002 | ||||||||||||||||||
(Audited) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(Unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Statement of Operations Data: | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Net sales | $ | 37,262.2 | $ | 51,222.8 | $ | 70,184.1 | $ | 15,855.9 | $ | 18,052.1 | ||||||||||||
Costs and expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of goods sold | 10,838.5 | 13,844.0 | 18,791.7 | 4,205.6 | 4,853.4 | |||||||||||||||||
Restaurant operating expenses | 22,236.2 | 32,172.9 | 45,114.5 | 9,976.1 | 11,127.0 | |||||||||||||||||
Total costs of sales | 33,074.7 | 46,016.9 | 63,906.2 | 14,181.7 | 15,980.4 | |||||||||||||||||
General and administrative expenses | 14,024.3 | 14,774.2 | 18,361.5 | 3,735.2 | 4,620.3 | |||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 3,155.2 | 6,158.1 | 6,690.0 | 2,021.9 | 1,210.3 | |||||||||||||||||
Restaurant pre-opening expenses | 661.4 | 1,409.5 | 1,438.8 | 253.6 | 111.4 | |||||||||||||||||
Provision for losses on asset impairments and disposals | 4,208.7 | 5,847.5 | 8,486.3 | 90.4 | — | |||||||||||||||||
Merger costs and related expenses | 8,958.7 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
Lease termination costs | 3,437.1 | 477.3 | 6,410.7 | 578.3 | — | |||||||||||||||||
Stock compensation | 4,512.6 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
Operating income (loss) | (34,770.5 | ) | (23,460.7 | ) | (35,109.4 | ) | (5,005.2 | ) | (3,870.3 | ) | ||||||||||||
Interest income | 478.6 | 441.4 | 340.5 | 60.8 | 29.9 | |||||||||||||||||
Interest expense | (206.1 | ) | (210.7 | ) | (654.4 | ) | (98.4 | ) | (387.8 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total interest income (expense), net | 272.5 | 230.7 | (313.9 | ) | (37.6 | ) | (357.9 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | (34,498.0 | ) | (23,230.0 | ) | (35,423.3 | ) | (5,042.8 | ) | (4,228.2 | ) | ||||||||||||
Preferred stock dividends | (2,561.3 | ) | (4,219.7 | ) | (6,678.1 | ) | (1,312.7 | ) | (1,960.5 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders | $ | (37,059.3 | ) | $ | (27,449.7 | ) | $ | (42,101.4 | ) | $ | (6,355.5 | ) | $ | (6,188.7 | ) | |||||||
Net income (loss) per common share: | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Basic and diluted | $ | (8.79 | ) | $ | (6.08 | ) | $ | (9.34 | ) | $ | (1.41 | ) | $ | (1.37 | ) | |||||||
Shares used in computing net income (loss) per common share (in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Basic and diluted | 4,215 | 4,504 | 4,507 | 4,504 | 4,527 | |||||||||||||||||
Pro Forma Data(a): | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders | $ | (35,423.3 | ) | $ | (4,228.2 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) per common share: | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Basic and diluted | $ | (3.77 | ) | $ | (0.41 | ) |
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Three Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||
Fiscal Year | |||||||||||||||||||||
April 2, | April 1, | ||||||||||||||||||||
1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2001 | 2002 | |||||||||||||||||
(Audited) | |||||||||||||||||||||
(Unaudited) | |||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except per share data) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Shares used in computing net income per common share (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Basic and diluted | 9,401 | 10,415 | |||||||||||||||||||
Selected Statement of Cash Flow Data: | |||||||||||||||||||||
Cash flow from operating activities | $ | (8,539.7 | ) | $ | (8,539.1 | ) | $ | (12,299.5 | ) | $ | (4,925.2 | ) | $ | (5,349.5 | ) | ||||||
Cash flow from investing activities | (14,742.3 | ) | (18,347.7 | ) | (20,350.6 | ) | (5,418.9 | ) | (2,725.5 | ) | |||||||||||
Cash flow from financing activities | 23,773.2 | 24,964.0 | 32,056.8 | 14,811.6 | 16,173.4 | ||||||||||||||||
Selected Operating Data: | |||||||||||||||||||||
Restaurants open at end of period | 36 | 52 | 67 | 55 | 66 |
As of April 1, 2002 | ||||||||||||
Actual | Pro Forma (b) | As Adjusted | ||||||||||
(Unaudited) | ||||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||
Selected Balance Sheet Data: | ||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $12,568.0 | $ | 12,568.0 | |||||||||
Total assets | 44,987.4 | 44,987.4 | ||||||||||
Total debt and capital lease obligations | 8,087.2 | 8,087.2 | ||||||||||
Mandatorily redeemable preferred stock | 113,532.7 | — | ||||||||||
Total common stockholders’ equity (deficit) | (95,185.5) | 18,347.2 |
(a) | Reflects the conversion of all outstanding Series A and Series C preferred stock. |
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RISK FACTORS
You should carefully consider the following risks, as well as the other information contained in this prospectus, before investing in shares of our common stock. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business could be harmed. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you might lose all or part of your investment. You should refer to the information set forth in this prospectus and our financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Risks Particular to Cosí
If we are unable to achieve our rapid growth strategy our business could be materially adversely affected. |
We are planning a rapid growth strategy which will depend on our ability to open new restaurants on a timely and profitable basis. We have experienced delays in restaurant openings from time to time, we may experience delays in the future and we cannot assure you that we will be able to achieve our expansion goals. Any inability to implement our growth strategy could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results or cash flows. Our ability to expand successfully will depend on a number of factors, some of which are beyond our control, including:
• | identification and availability of suitable restaurant sites; | |
• | competition for restaurant sites; | |
• | negotiation of favorable leases; | |
• | management of construction and development costs of new restaurants; | |
• | securing required governmental approvals and permits; | |
• | recruitment of qualified operating personnel; | |
• | competition in new markets; and | |
• | general economic conditions. |
In addition, we contemplate entering new markets in which we have no operating experience. These new markets may have different demographic characteristics, competitive conditions, consumer tastes and discretionary spending patterns than our existing markets, which may cause our new restaurants to be less successful in these new markets than in our existing markets.
Any inability to manage our growth effectively could materially adversely affect our operating results. |
Failure to manage our growth effectively could harm our business. We have grown significantly since our inception and intend to grow substantially in the future. We have increased the number of our restaurants from 36 restaurants as of December 31, 1999 to 68 restaurants currently. Our existing restaurant management systems, financial and management controls and information systems may not be adequate to support our planned expansion. Our ability to manage our growth effectively will require us to continue to enhance these systems, procedures and controls and to locate, hire, train and retain operating personnel. We cannot assure you that we will be able to respond on a timely basis to all of the changing demands that our planned expansion will impose on management and on our existing infrastructure. If we are unable to manage our growth effectively, our business and operating results could be materially adversely impacted.
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You should not rely on past increases in our average unit volumes as an indication of our future results of operations because they may fluctuate significantly. |
A number of factors have historically affected, and will continue to affect, our average sales, including, among other factors:
• | introduction of new menu items; | |
• | unusually strong initial sales performance by new restaurants; | |
• | competition; | |
• | general regional and national economic conditions; | |
• | consumer trends; and | |
• | our ability to execute our business strategy effectively. |
It is not reasonable to expect our average unit volumes to increase at rates achieved over the past several years. Changes in our average sales results could cause the price of our common stock to fluctuate substantially.
We have a limited operating history and we may be unable to achieve profitability. |
The first Xando Coffee and Bar was opened in October 1994 and the first Cosí Sandwich Bar was opened in February 1996. We are currently operating 68 restaurants, 18 of which have been open for less than one year and 54 of which currently have positive cash flow. Accordingly, you have limited information with which to evaluate our business and prospects. As a result, forecasts of our future revenues, expenses and operating results may not be as accurate as they would be if we had a longer history of operations and of combined operations. Since we were formed, we have incurred net losses of approximately $104 million through the end of fiscal 2001, primarily due to new restaurant opening expenses, impairment charges, the cost of our merger in 1999 and the costs of hiring senior management to develop and implement our expansion strategy. We intend to continue to expend significant financial and management resources on the development of additional restaurants. We cannot predict whether we will be able to achieve or sustain revenue growth, profitability or positive cash flow in the future. See“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations” and the financial statements included in this prospectus for information on the history of our losses.
Our restaurants are currently concentrated in the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States, particularly in the New York City area. Accordingly, we are highly vulnerable to negative occurrences in these regions. |
We currently operate 55 restaurants in Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic states, of which 26 are located in the New York City area, 16 of which are located in New York Central Business Districts. As a result, we are particularly susceptible to adverse trends and economic conditions in these areas. In addition, given our geographic concentration, negative publicity regarding any of our restaurants could have a material adverse effect on our business and operations, as could other regional occurrences impacting the local economies in these markets.
Our operations depend on governmental licenses and we may face liability under “dram shop” statutes. |
We are subject to extensive federal, state and local government regulations, including regulations relating to alcoholic beverage control, the preparation and sale of food, public health and safety sanitation, building, zoning and fire codes. Our business depends on obtaining and maintaining required food service and/or liquor licenses for each of our restaurants. If we fail to hold all necessary licenses, we may be forced to delay or cancel new restaurant openings and close or reduce operations at existing locations. In addition, our sale of alcoholic beverages subjects us to “dram shop” statutes in some states. These statutes allow an injured person to recover damages from an establishment that served alcoholic beverages to an intoxicated person.
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Our restaurant expansion strategy focuses primarily on further penetrating existing markets. This strategy can cause sales in some of our existing restaurants to decline, which could result in restaurant closures. |
In accordance with our expansion strategy, we intend to open new restaurants primarily in our existing markets. Since we typically draw customers from a relatively small radius around each of our restaurants, the sales performance and customer counts for restaurants near the area in which a new restaurant opens may decline due to cannibalization, which could result in restaurant closures.
Our failure or inability to enforce our trademarks or other proprietary rights could adversely affect our competitive position or the value of our brand. |
We own certain common law trademark rights and a number of federal and international trademark and service mark registrations, and proprietary rights to certain of our core menu offerings. We believe that our trademarks and other proprietary rights are important to our success and our competitive position. We, therefore, devote appropriate resources to the protection of our trademarks and proprietary rights. The protective actions that we take, however, may not be enough to prevent unauthorized usage or imitation by others, which might cause us to incur significant litigation costs and could harm our image or our brand or competitive position.
To date, we have not been notified that our trademarks or menu offerings infringe the proprietary rights of third parties, but we cannot assure you that third parties will not claim infringement by us. Any such claim, whether or not it has merit, could be time-consuming, result in costly litigation, cause product delays or require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements. As a result, any such claim could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our quarterly results may fluctuate and could fall below expectations of securities analysts and investors due to seasonality and other factors, resulting in a decline in our stock price. |
Our quarterly and yearly results have varied in the past, and we believe that our quarterly operating results will vary in the future. Factors such as seasonality, inclement weather, and unanticipated increases in labor, commodity, energy, insurance or other operating costs may cause our quarterly results to fluctuate. For this reason, you should not rely upon our quarterly operating results as indications of future performance.
We may need additional capital in the future and it may not be available on acceptable terms.
We do not presently have a credit facility available for general purposes. The development of our business may require significant additional capital in the future to, among other things, fund our operations, expand the range of services we offer and finance future acquisitions and investments. We have historically relied upon private sales of our equity and debt instruments to fund our operations. There can be no assurance, however, that these sources of financing, or alternative sources such as a credit facility, will be available on terms favorable to us, or at all. Our ability to obtain additional financing will be subject to a number of factors, including market conditions, our operating performance and investor sentiment. These factors may make the timing, amount, terms and conditions or additional financings unattractive to us. If we are unable to raise additional capital, our growth could be impeded.
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Risks Relating to the Food Service Industry
Our business is affected by changes in consumer preferences and discretionary spending.
Our success depends, in part, upon the popularity of our food products and our ability to develop new menu items that appeal to consumers. Shifts in consumer preferences away from our restaurants or cuisine, our inability to develop new menu items that appeal to consumers, or changes in our menu that eliminate items popular with some consumers could harm our business. Also, our success depends to a significant extent on discretionary consumer spending, which is influenced by general economic conditions and the availability of discretionary income. Accordingly, we may experience declines in sales during economic downturns or during periods of uncertainty like that which followed the terrorist attacks on the United States and the possibility of further terrorist attacks. Any material decline in the amount of discretionary spending could have a material adverse effect on our sales, results of operations, business and financial condition.
Our success depends on our ability to compete with many food service businesses.
The restaurant industry is intensely competitive and we compete with many well-established food service companies on the basis of taste, quality and price of product offered, customer service, atmosphere, location and overall guest experience. We compete with other sandwich retailers, specialty coffee retailers, bagel shops, fast-food restaurants, delicatessens, cafés, bars, take-out food service companies, supermarkets and convenience stores. Our competitors change with each of the five dayparts (breakfast, lunch, afternoon coffee, dinner and dessert), ranging from coffee bars and bakery cafes to casual dining chains. Aggressive pricing by our competitors or the entrance of new competitors into our markets could reduce our sales and profit margins.
Many of our competitors or potential competitors have substantially greater financial and other resources than we do which may allow them to react to changes in pricing, marketing and the quick service restaurant industry better than we can. As our competitors expand their operations, we expect competition to intensify. We also compete with other employers in our markets for hourly workers and may be subject to higher labor costs.
Fluctuations in coffee prices could adversely affect our operating results.
The price of coffee, one of our main products, can be highly volatile. Although most coffee trades on the commodity markets, coffee of the quality we seek tends to trade on a negotiated basis at a substantial premium above commodity coffee pricing, depending on supply and demand at the time of the purchase. Supplies and prices of green coffee can be affected by a variety of factors, such as weather, politics and economics in the producing countries. Two organizations, the Association of Coffee Producing Countries and the International Coffee Organization, have sought with mixed success to coordinate production and pricing of coffee among certain countries and to maintain pricing quotas among coffee producers. An increase in pricing of specialty coffees could have a significant adverse effect on our profitability. To mitigate the risks of increasing coffee prices and to allow greater predictability in coffee pricing, we typically enter into fixed price purchase commitments for a portion of our green coffee requirements. We acquire coffee through a single supplier. We cannot assure you that these activities will be successful or that they will not result in our paying substantially more for our coffee supply than we would have been required to pay absent such activities.
Changes in food and supply costs could adversely affect our results of operations.
Our profitability depends in part on our ability to anticipate and react to changes in food and supply costs. We rely on a single primary distributor of our food and paper goods. Although we believe that alternative distribution sources are available, any increase in distribution prices or failure by our distributor to perform could adversely affect our operating results. In addition, we are susceptible to increases in food costs as a result of factors beyond our control, such as weather conditions and government regulations. Failure to anticipate and adjust our purchasing practices to these changes could negatively impact our business.
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The food service industry is affected by litigation and publicity concerning food quality, health and other issues, which can cause customers to avoid our products and result in liabilities. |
Food service businesses can be adversely affected by litigation and complaints from customers or government authorities resulting from food quality, illness, injury or other health concerns or operating issues stemming from one restaurant or a limited number of restaurants. Adverse publicity about these allegations may negatively affect us, regardless of whether the allegations are true, by discouraging customers from buying our products. We could also incur significant liabilities if a lawsuit or claim results in a decision against us or litigation costs regardless of the result.
Our business could be adversely affected by increased labor costs or labor shortages.
Labor is a primary component in the cost of operating our business. We devote significant resources to recruiting and training our managers and hourly employees. Increased labor costs, due to competition, increased minimum wage or employee benefits costs or otherwise, would adversely impact our operating expenses. In addition, our success depends on our ability to attract, motivate and retain qualified employees, including restaurant managers and staff, to keep pace with our growth strategy. If we are unable to do so, our results of operations may be adversely affected.
Risks Relating to the Offering
Our common stock has not traded publicly, and the market price of our common stock may decline after this offering.
Prior to this offering, there has not been a public market for our common stock. The initial public offering price of our common stock will be established by negotiations among us and the underwriters. See “Pricing of this Offering” for a discussion of the factors to be considered in determining the initial public offering price. We cannot assure you that an active market will develop or be sustained after this offering or that the market price of our common stock will not decline below the initial public offering price. In addition, the stock market in recent periods has experienced and continues to experience significant price and volume fluctuations, which have affected the market price of the stock of many companies and which have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. These fluctuations, as well as a shortfall in sales or earnings compared to securities analysts’ expectations, changes in analysts’ recommendations or projections or general economic and market conditions, may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
You will experience an immediate and substantial dilution if you purchase common stock in this offering.
The initial public offering price is substantially higher than the net tangible book value per share of the outstanding common stock immediately after this offering. Any common stock you purchase in this offering will have a post-offering net tangible book value per share of $ less than the initial public offering price, assuming an initial public offering price of $ per share, which is the mid-point of the range shown on the cover page of this prospectus. Future issuances of our common stock, including issuances in connection with stock option exercises, could cause further dilution.
Future sales of our common stock may cause our stock price to decline.
If our shareholders sell substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market following this offering, the market price of our common stock could decline. Immediately after this offering, there will be a total of shares of common stock outstanding, of which will be freely tradable upon completion of this offering subject, in some instances, to the volume and other limitations of Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act. In addition, certain of our existing stockholders are subject to “lock-up” agreements that prohibit the sale of these shares in the public market for 180 days after the date of this prospectus. When the 180-day period expires or if Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation consents, in its sole discretion, to an earlier sale, our existing stockholders will be able to sell an
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As soon as practicable after this offering, we intend to register for resale approximately 6.5 million shares of our common stock reserved under our stock option plans. As of April 1, 2002, options to purchase 3,462,704 shares of our common stock were outstanding, 1,676,331 of which were exercisable.
Investors in our Series A and Series C preferred stock have demand and piggy-back rights, subject to certain limitations, to require us to register their shares for future sale. Following this offering, 36 of our existing security holders, holding 4,126,843 shares of our common stock, will have the right to require us to register their shares pursuant to demand and piggyback registration rights granted to these investors in connection with the sale of our Series A and Series C preferred stock. See “Description of Capital Stock — Registration Rights” at page 56, “Shares Eligible for Future Sale” and“Plan of Distribution”.
There may be risks related to our use of Arthur Andersen LLP as our outside auditors. |
On March 14, 2002, our independent certified public accountant, Arthur Andersen LLP, was indicted on federal obstruction of justice charges arising from the U.S. government’s investigation of Enron Corp. Arthur Andersen has indicated that it intends to vigorously contest the indictment. As a public company, we will be required to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, periodic financial statements audited or reviewed by an independent, certified public accountant. The SEC has said that it will continue accepting financial statements audited by Arthur Andersen, and interim financial statements reviewed by it, so long as Arthur Andersen is able to make certain representations to its clients. Arthur Andersen’s current difficulties as a result of involvement with Enron may result in the loss of key members of our audit team from Arthur Andersen, which could adversely affect our ability to get required reports completed in a timely manner. Our access to the capital markets and our ability to make timely SEC filings could be impaired if the SEC ceases accepting financial statements audited by Arthur Andersen, if Arthur Andersen becomes unable to make required representations to us or if for any reason Arthur Andersen is unable to perform required audit-related services for us in a timely manner or provide written consents to our naming Arthur Andersen as an expert or including its audit reports in our future SEC filings. In such a case, we would promptly seek to engage new certified public accountants or take such other actions as may be necessary to enable us to maintain access to the capital markets and timely financial reporting and such actions could be disruptive to our operations and affect the price and liquidity of our securities. Certain investors, including significant funds and institutional investors, may choose not to hold or invest in securities that do not have current financial reports available. Furthermore, relief which may be available to shareholders under the federal securities laws against auditing firms may be limited or may not be available as a practical matter against Arthur Andersen should it cease to operate or be financially impaired or should it cease to provide written consents in our SEC filings.
Our management has broad discretion as to the use of the net proceeds from this offering. |
Our management has broad discretion as to the use of the net proceeds that we will receive from this offering. We cannot assure you that our management will apply these funds effectively, nor can we assure you that the net proceeds from this offering will be invested in a manner yielding a favorable return.
Provisions in our charter documents and Delaware law may delay or prevent our acquisition by a third party. |
Our certificate of incorporation, by-laws and shareholder rights agreement contain several provisions that may make it more difficult for a third party to acquire control of us without the approval of our board of directors. These provisions include, among other things, a classified board of directors, elimination of stockholder action by written consent, advance notice for raising business or making nominations at meetings and “blank check” preferred stock. Blank check preferred stock enables our board of directors to, without
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Our existing shareholders will continue to control us after this offering, and they may make decisions with which you may disagree.
After this offering, our existing shareholders will beneficially hold approximately % of our outstanding common stock, or approximately % if the underwriters’ over-allotment option is exercised in full. Our executive officers and directors as a group — currently 16 persons — will beneficially hold approximately % of our outstanding common stock after this offering, including currently exercisable stock options, or % if the over-allotment option is fully exercised. Consequently, our existing shareholders will continue to control us after this offering is completed, and our officers and directors will continue to be significant holders. Through their voting power, these persons may make decisions regarding Cosí with which you may disagree. Our existing shareholders may have interests which conflict with the interests of the other holders of our common stock.
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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus contains statements about future events and expectations that constitute forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are based on management’s beliefs, assumptions and expectations of our future economic performance, taking into account the information currently available to management. These statements are not statements of historical fact. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results, performance or financial condition to differ materially from the expectations of future results, performance or financial condition we express or imply in any forward-looking statements. In addition to the other factors discussed under“Risk Factors” elsewhere in this prospectus, factors that could contribute to these differences include, but are not limited to:
• | the cost of our principal food products; | |
• | labor shortages or increased labor costs; | |
• | changes in consumer preferences and demographic trends; | |
• | increasing competition in the fast casual dining segment of the restaurant industry; | |
• | expansion into new markets; | |
• | the rate of growth of general and administrative expenses associated with building a strengthened corporate infrastructure to support our growth initiatives; | |
• | fluctuations in our quarterly results; | |
• | increased government regulation; | |
• | supply and delivery shortages or interruptions; | |
• | market saturation due to new restaurant openings; | |
• | inadequate protection of our intellectual property; | |
• | adverse weather conditions which impact customer traffic at our restaurants; and | |
• | adverse economic conditions. |
The words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “objective,” “seek,” “plan,” “strive” or similar words, or the negatives of these words, identify forward-looking statements. We qualify any forward-looking statements entirely by these cautionary factors.
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USE OF PROCEEDS
We are offering for sale shares of common stock by this prospectus. Based on an assumed initial public offering price of $ per share, the midpoint of the range shown on the cover page of this prospectus, we estimate that our net proceeds from the sale of these shares will be approximately $ million after deducting underwriting discounts and estimated offering expenses. Our estimated net proceeds will be approximately $ million if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase an additional shares from us to cover over-allotments.
We intend to use approximately $23.0 million of the net proceeds of this offering to finance the development of new restaurants and for maintaining and remodeling existing restaurants during 2002 and approximately $6.27 million to prepay our outstanding 13% senior subordinated notes due 2006, including accrued interest and a prepayment premium of $0.05 million. The balance of the net proceeds of this offering will be used for general corporate purposes, including working capital needs.
Although we do not contemplate any changes in our use of proceeds, we may reprioritize the uses listed above or use some proceeds for other purposes in the event the specified uses require less capital than expected.
Pending application of the net proceeds as described above, we will invest the net proceeds in interest-bearing investment grade securities.
DIVIDEND POLICY
We currently intend to retain all future earnings to finance the expansion of our business. We have not paid cash dividends in the past and do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination regarding cash dividend payments will be made by our board of directors and will depend upon our earnings, capital requirements, financial condition, restrictions in financing agreements and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors.
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CAPITALIZATION
The following table shows, as of April 1, 2002, on a consolidated basis, our cash and cash equivalents, short-term debt and capitalization, both actual and as adjusted. The as adjusted amounts give effect to:
• | the sale of shares of common stock in this offering, assuming an initial public offering price of $ per share, the mid-point of the range shown on the cover page of this prospectus; | |
• | the conversion of all outstanding Series A and Series C preferred stock, which will be converted upon consummation of this offering; | |
• | the application of a portion of the estimated net proceeds from that sale, after deducting underwriters discounts and estimated offering expenses, to prepay our 13% senior subordinated notes due 2006; and | |
• | the 1.75 to 1 reverse stock split. |
You should read the following capitalization data in conjunction with “Use of Proceeds”, “Selected Financial Data”, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes and the other financial data included elsewhere in this prospectus.
April 1, 2002 | |||||||||||||
Actual | Pro Forma (a) | As Adjusted | |||||||||||
(unaudited) | |||||||||||||
(in thousands, except share data) | |||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 12,568.0 | 12,568.0 | ||||||||||
Short-term debt | 1,541.4 | 1,541.4 | |||||||||||
Long-term debt | |||||||||||||
Senior subordinated notes due 2006 | 5,435.5 | 5,435.5 | |||||||||||
Other long term debt | 1,110.3 | 1,110.3 | |||||||||||
Mandatorily redeemable preferred stock, $.01 par value; 15,673,947 shares authorized; 6,467,751 shares issued and outstanding | 113,532.7 | — | |||||||||||
Mandatorily redeemable preferred stock, $.01 par value; 0 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding | |||||||||||||
Stockholders’ equity: | |||||||||||||
Common stock, $.01 par value; 30,000,000 shares authorized; 4,534,637 shares issued and outstanding | 45.4 | ||||||||||||
Common stock, $.01 par value; 32,000,000 shares authorized; 11,002,388 shares issued and outstanding | 110.0 | ||||||||||||
Common stock, $.01 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; shares issued and outstanding | |||||||||||||
Additional paid-in capital | 31,986.8 | 145,454.9 | |||||||||||
Stock subscriptions receivable | (2,974.8 | ) | (2,974.8 | ) | |||||||||
Accumulated deficit | (124,242.9 | ) | (124,242.9 | ) | |||||||||
Total common stockholders’ equity (deficit) | (95,185.5 | ) | 18,347.2 | ||||||||||
Total capitalization | $ | 26,434.4 | 26,434.4 |
The table above excludes 3,462,704 shares of our common stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options outstanding under our stock option plans as of April 1, 2002, of which 1,676,331 were exercisable as of April 1, 2002 and excludes warrants to purchase (i) 110,472 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $.01 per share, (ii) 33,279 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $14.88 per share and (iii) 2,526 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $16.63 per share.
(a) | Reflects the conversion of all outstanding Series A and Series C preferred stock. |
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DILUTION
Our net tangible book value as of April 1, 2002 was $17,088,075, or $1.55 per share of common stock. Net tangible book value per share is the amount by which total tangible assets exceeds total liabilities, divided by the total number of shares of common stock outstanding. Our adjusted net tangible book value as of April 1, 2002 would have been $ , or $ per share, after giving effect to the sale of shares of common stock offered by this prospectus at an assumed initial offering price of $ per share, the midpoint of the range shown on the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and estimated offering expenses and the prepayment of our 13% senior subordinated notes due 2006. This represents an immediate increase in the net tangible book value of $ per share to existing shareholders, and an immediate dilution of $ per share to new investors. Dilution per share represents the difference between the price per share to be paid by new investors and the net tangible book value per share immediately after this offering. The following table illustrates the per share dilution:
Pro | |||||||||
Actual | Forma | ||||||||
Assumed initial public offering price | |||||||||
Net tangible book value per share as of April 1, 2002 | $ | 1.55 | |||||||
Increase attributable to the sale of shares offered hereby | |||||||||
Adjusted net tangible book value after this offering | |||||||||
Dilution in the net tangible book value to new investors |
The following table sets forth, as of April 1, 2002, the differences between the total consideration paid and the average price per share paid by existing investors and by new investors purchasing shares in this offering:
Shares Purchased | Total Consideration | ||||||||||||||||||||
Average Price | |||||||||||||||||||||
Number | Percent | Amount | Percent | Per Share | |||||||||||||||||
Existing Stockholders | 11,011,390 | % | $ | 124,449,472 | % | $ | 11.30 | ||||||||||||||
New Investors | % | % | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
Total | 100 | % | 100 | % |
The foregoing table does not reflect 3,462,704 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options outstanding under our stock option plans as of April 1, 2002, of which 1,676,331 were exercisable as of April 1, 2002 at a weighted average exercise price of $9.07.
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SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following selected consolidated financial data as of and for the years ended January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2001 have been derived from, and are qualified by reference to, our Consolidated Financial Statements audited by Arthur Andersen LLP, independent accountants, included elsewhere in this prospectus and should be read in conjunction with those Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. The following selected consolidated financial data for the year ended January 3, 2000 have been derived from our Consolidated Financial Statements audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent auditors, included elsewhere in this prospectus and should be read in conjunction with those Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. The selected consolidated balance sheet data as of January 3, 2000 have been derived from our Consolidated Financial Statements audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent auditors, not included herein. The selected consolidated financial data as of and for the fiscal year ended December 28, 1998 have been derived from our Consolidated Financial Statements audited by Ernst & Young LLP, and other auditors, not included herein. The pro forma selected consolidated financial data as of and for fiscal 1997 have been derived from the audited financial statements of Xando, Inc. and Cosí Sandwich Bar, Inc., audited by Ernst & Young LLP and other auditors, not included herein, which give effect to the merger accounted for as a pooling of interests as of the beginning of fiscal 1997. The selected financial data presented below as of April 1, 2002 and for the fiscal three months ended April 2, 2001 and April 1, 2002 have been derived from our unaudited financial statements also appearing herein, which have been prepared on the same basis as our audited consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, contain all adjustments, consisting of only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations for such periods. The results of operations for the fiscal three months ended April 1, 2002 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for any subsequent period.
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Selected Consolidated Financial and Operating Data
Three Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fiscal Year | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
April 2, | April 1, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2001 | 2002 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Pro | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Forma | (Unaudited) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unaudited) | (Audited) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Statement of Operations Data: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net sales | $ | 7,861.4 | $ | 20,686.7 | $ | 37,262.2 | $ | 51,222.8 | $ | 70,184.1 | $ | 15,855.9 | $ | 18,052.1 | ||||||||||||||||
Costs and expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of goods sold | 2,444.6 | 6,332.9 | 10,838.5 | 13,844.0 | 18,791.7 | 4,205.6 | 4,853.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Restaurant operating expenses | 4,096.7 | 11,386.5 | 22,236.2 | 32,172.9 | 45,114.5 | 9,976.1 | 11,127.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total cost of sales | 6,541.3 | 17,719.4 | 33,074.7 | 46,016.9 | 63,906.2 | 14,181.7 | 15,980.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative expenses | 3,043.8 | 7,728.7 | 14,024.3 | 14,774.2 | 18,361.5 | 3,735.2 | 4,620.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 503.0 | 1,196.6 | 3,155.2 | 6,158.1 | 6,690.0 | 2,021.9 | 1,210.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Restaurant pre-opening expenses | 287.1 | 720.9 | 661.4 | 1,409.5 | 1,438.8 | 253.6 | 111.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Provision for losses on asset impairments and disposals | — | — | 4,208.7 | 5,847.5 | 8,486.3 | 90.4 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Merger costs and related expenses | — | — | 8,958.7 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Lease termination costs | — | — | 3,437.1 | 477.3 | 6,410.7 | 578.3 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock compensation | — | — | 4,512.6 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating income (loss) | (2,513.8 | ) | (6,678.9 | ) | (34,770.5 | ) | (23,460.7 | ) | (35,109.4 | ) | (5,005.2 | ) | (3,870.3 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Other income (expense): | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest income | 56.5 | 406.6 | 478.6 | 441.4 | 340.5 | 60.8 | 29.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense | (141.6 | ) | (94.6 | ) | (206.1 | ) | (210.7 | ) | (654.4 | ) | (98.4 | ) | (387.8 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Other expense | (245.5 | ) | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total other income (expense), net | (330.6 | ) | 312.0 | 272.5 | 230.7 | (313.9 | ) | (37.6 | ) | (357.9 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before income tax | (2,844.4 | ) | (6,366.9 | ) | (34,498.0 | ) | (23,230.0 | ) | (35,423.3 | ) | (5,042.8 | ) | (4,228.2 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Income tax benefit (provision) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | (2,844.4 | ) | (6,366.9 | ) | (34,498.0 | ) | (23,230.0 | ) | (35,423.3 | ) | (5,042.8 | ) | (4,228.2 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Preferred stock dividends | — | (1,064.4 | ) | (2,561.3 | ) | (4,219.7 | ) | (6,678.1 | ) | (1,312.7 | ) | (1,960.5 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders | $ | (2,844.4 | ) | $ | (7,431.3 | ) | $ | (37,059.3 | ) | $ | (27,449.7 | ) | $ | (42,101.4 | ) | $ | (6,355.5 | ) | $ | (6,188.7 | ) | |||||||||
Net income (loss) per common share: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Basic and diluted | $ | (1.09 | ) | $ | (2.18 | ) | $ | (8.79 | ) | $ | (6.09 | ) | $ | (9.34 | ) | $ | (1.41 | ) | $ | (1.37 | ) | |||||||||
Shares used in computing net income per common share (in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Basic and diluted | 2,610 | 3,406 | 4,215 | 4,504 | 4,507 | 4,504 | 4,528 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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Three Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fiscal Year | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
April 2, | April 1, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2001 | 2002 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Pro | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Forma | (Unaudited) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unaudited) | (Audited) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pro Forma Data (a): | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders | — | — | — | — | (35,423.3 | ) | — | (4,228.2 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) per common share: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Basic and diluted | — | — | — | — | (3.77 | ) | — | (0.41 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Shares used in computing net income per common share (in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Basic and diluted | — | — | — | — | 9,401 | — | 10,415 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Selected Balance Sheet Data: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | 2,835.5 | 6,494.6 | 6,985.7 | 5,062.9 | 4,469.6 | 9,530.4 | 12,568.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total assets | 10,277.9 | 24,982.8 | 25,856.6 | 32,065.8 | 35,388.4 | 40,307.1 | 44,987.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total debt and capital lease obligations | 1,351.3 | 989.4 | 1,645.6 | 4,435.8 | 11,180.0 | 4,169.6 | 8,087.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Mandatorily redeemable preferred stock | — | 16,680.5 | 35,020.5 | 61,695.3 | 92,289.3 | 78,080.7 | 113,532.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total common stockholders’ equity (deficit) | 7,452.4 | 3,378.7 | (20,825.7 | ) | (48,275.3 | ) | (88,979.9 | ) | (54,625.7 | ) | (95,185.5 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Selected Statement of Cash Flow Data: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash flow from operating activities | (1,236.6 | ) | (3,146.9 | ) | (8,539.7 | ) | (8,539.1 | ) | (12,299.5 | ) | (4,925.2 | ) | (5,349.5 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Cash flow from investing activities | (4,225.2 | ) | (11,704.6 | ) | (14,742.3 | ) | (18,347.7 | ) | (20,350.6 | ) | (5,418.9 | ) | (2,725.5 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Cash flow from financing activities | 7,046.7 | 18,510.6 | 23,773.2 | 24,964.0 | 32,056.8 | 14,811.6 | 16,173.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Selected Operating Data: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Restaurants open at end of period | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | 11 | 25 | 36 | 52 | 67 | 55 | 66 |
(a) | Reflects the conversion of all outstanding Series A and Series C preferred stock upon consummation of this offering. |
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and their notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.
Overview
We own and operate 68 fast casual restaurants in 11 states and the District of Columbia. Cosí restaurants are all-day cafés that feature signature bread and coffee products in an environment that changes throughout the day. Cosí restaurants offer breakfast, lunch, afternoon coffee, dinner, and dessert menus full of creative, cravable foods and beverages. From CosíSquagels® (square bagels made from Cosí bread) to our award-winning sandwiches and pizzas, we have developed featured foods that are built around our secret, generations-old recipe for crackly crust flatbread. These products are freshly baked in front of our customers throughout the day in open flame stone hearth ovens prominently located in each of our restaurants. Our coffees are freshly brewed and expertly prepared by our baristas and bartenders. Our coffee beverages range from simple Cosí brews and traditional lattes to our innovative Double Oh Arctic Mochas and specialty coffee cocktails, featuring theMocha Kiss®. We offer friendly and attentive service in a warm and inclusive atmosphere. Our vision is to become America’s favorite café by giving every customer something to look forward to in their day.
We operate our restaurants in two formats: Cosí and Cosí Downtown. All of our restaurants offer our signature bread and coffee products for breakfast, lunch and afternoon coffee in a counter service format. After 5 p.m., our Cosí restaurants add table service and offer dinner and dessert in a casual dining format. Cosí Downtown restaurants, which are located in non-residential central business districts, close for the day in the early evening. By operating in multiple dayparts, we believe we are able to maximize revenues and leverage both development and operating costs.
Through our development of the Cosí and Cosí Downtown formats in both existing and new markets, we believe we have the platform to expand in multiple real estate paradigms in order to maximize financial performance. Our restaurants are located in a wide range of markets and trade areas, including business districts and residential communities in both urban and suburban locations. We believe that we have created significant brand equity in our markets and that we have demonstrated the appeal of our concept to a wide variety of customers. We opened 17 new restaurants in fiscal 2001, including seven restaurants in the fourth quarter, and expect to open approximately 30 to 35 restaurants in fiscal 2002 and approximately 53 to 59 restaurants in fiscal 2003 by expanding our presence in existing markets and selectively entering new markets. We closed two restaurants in fiscal 1999, one restaurant and our mini-training restaurant associated with the Xando Coffee and Bar former headquarters in fiscal 2000 and closed one restaurant in addition to our World Trade Center restaurant, our World Trade Center kiosk and our World Financial Center restaurant which were closed due to the events of September 11th in fiscal 2001. We have closed one restaurant in the first quarter of fiscal 2002, which was not suited for remodeling to our current prototype.
Cosí was created by the merger in October 1999 of two restaurant concepts, Cosí Sandwich Bar and Xando Coffee and Bar. The merger was accounted for as a pooling of interests. Each of the predecessor companies served a similar customer, but focused on serving customer needs at different parts of the day. By adding Cosí Sandwich Bar products to the Xando Coffee and Bar five daypart platform, we believe we have created a restaurant concept that satisfies our customers’ needs throughout the day. The Xando Coffee and Bar and Cosí Sandwich Bar locations that were opened prior to the 1999 merger are being remodeled to either the Cosí or Cosí Downtown formats.
During fiscal 2000 and 2001 we dedicated significant resources to the development of the Cosí and Cosí Downtown prototypes and the related restaurant operating and support systems. These prototypes are expected to be the basis for all future Cosí and Cosí Downtown locations. As part of the concept development process, we closed or remodeled a number of restaurants in order to facilitate the transition to our new prototype. In fiscal 2000, as part of this process, we discontinued the use of a commissary to supply products to our
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We believe that the flexibility of our multiple daypart model, the appeal of our high quality, innovative product offering, and our ability to operate in a wide variety of real estate markets have created an attractive restaurant model, providing us with considerable growth opportunities to develop our brand nationwide.
Our financial performance in fiscal 2001 was adversely affected by the results of the 16 restaurants that we operated in New York Central Business District locations. These restaurants have high, market specific, fixed expenses and were disproportionately impacted by the economic recession in 2001 and the events of September 11th.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our consolidated financial statements and the notes to our consolidated financial statements contain information that is pertinent to management’s discussion and analysis. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. We believe the following critical accounting policies involve additional management judgment due to the sensitivity of the methods, assumptions, and estimates necessary in determining the related asset and liability amounts.
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, or SFAS, No. 121, “Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed Of,” requires management judgments regarding the future operating and disposition plans for marginally performing assets, and estimates of expected realizable values for assets to be sold. The application of SFAS 121 has affected the amount and timing of charges to operating results that have been significant in recent years. We evaluate possible impairment at the individual restaurant level, and record an impairment loss whenever we determine impairment factors are present. We consider a history of restaurant operating losses to be its primary indicator of potential impairment for individual restaurant locations. We have identified certain units that have been impaired, and recorded charges of approximately $4.2 million (related to seven restaurants), $5.8 million (related to ten restaurants) and $7.2 million (related to fourteen restaurants, including one damaged in the events of September 11, 2001) in the statements of operations for 1999, 2000 and 2001, respectively. We have historically not recorded material additional impairment charges subsequent to the initial determination of impairment.
We have estimated our likely liability under contractual leases for restaurants that have been, or will be closed. Such estimates have affected the amount and timing of charges to operating results that have been significant in recent years, and are impacted by management’s judgments about the time it may take to find a suitable subtenant or assignee, or the terms under which a termination of the lease agreement may be negotiated with the landlord.
We have recorded a full valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets related to net operating loss carry forwards. A positive adjustment to income will be required in future years if we determine that we could realize these deferred tax assets.
Net Sales
Our sales are composed almost entirely of food and beverage sales.
Comparable Restaurant Sales
In calculating comparable restaurant sales, we include a restaurant in the comparable restaurant base after it has been in operation for 15 full months. At fiscal year end 2000, there were 34 restaurants in the comparable restaurant base. At fiscal year end 2001, there were 40 restaurants in the comparable restaurant base.
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Costs and Expenses
Cost of goods sold.Cost of goods sold is composed of food and beverage costs. Food and beverage costs are variable, and increase with sales volume.
Restaurant operating expenses.Restaurant operating expenses include direct hourly and management wages, bonuses, taxes and benefits for restaurant employees, and other direct restaurant level operating expenses including the cost of supplies, restaurant repairs and maintenance, utilities, rents and related occupancy costs.
General and administrative expenses.General and administrative expenses include all corporate and administrative functions that support our restaurants and provide an infrastructure to facilitate our future growth. Components of these expenses include executive management; supervisory and staff salaries, bonuses and related taxes and employee benefits; travel; information systems; training; support center rent and related occupancy costs and professional and consulting fees. The salaries, bonus and employee benefits costs included as general and administrative expenses are generally more fixed in nature and do not vary directly with the number of restaurants we operate.
Depreciation and amortization.Depreciation and amortization principally includes depreciation on restaurant assets.
Restaurant pre-opening expenses.Restaurant pre-opening expenses, which are expensed as incurred, include the costs of recruiting, hiring and training the initial restaurant work force, travel, the cost of food and labor used during the period before opening, the cost of initial quantities of supplies, and other direct costs related to the opening of or remodeling of a restaurant.
Our fiscal year ends on the Monday falling nearest to December 31st. Fiscal year 1999 included 53 weeks, while fiscal years 2000 and 2001 each included 52 weeks.
Results of Operations
Our operating results for fiscal years 1999, 2000 and 2001 and for the three months ended April 2, 2001 and April 1, 2002 expressed as a percentage of sales were as follows:
Three Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||
Fiscal Year | |||||||||||||||||||||
April 2, | April 1, | ||||||||||||||||||||
1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2001 | 2002 | |||||||||||||||||
(Audited) | (Unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net sales | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | |||||||||||
Costs and Expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of goods sold | 29.1 | % | 27.0 | % | 26.8 | % | 26.5 | % | 26.9 | % | |||||||||||
Restaurant operating expenses | 59.7 | % | 62.8 | % | 64.3 | % | 62.9 | % | 61.6 | % | |||||||||||
Total costs of sales | 88.8 | % | 89.8 | % | 91.1 | % | 89.4 | % | 88.5 | % | |||||||||||
General and administrative expenses | 37.6 | % | 28.8 | % | 26.2 | % | 23.6 | % | 25.6 | % | |||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 8.5 | % | 12.0 | % | 9.5 | % | 12.8 | % | 6.7 | % | |||||||||||
Restaurant pre-opening expenses | 1.8 | % | 2.8 | % | 2.1 | % | 1.6 | % | 0.6 | % | |||||||||||
Provision for losses on asset impairments and disposals | 11.3 | % | 11.4 | % | 12.1 | % | 0.6 | % | 0.0 | % | |||||||||||
Merger costs and related expenses | 24.0 | % | 0.0 | % | 0.0 | % | 0.0 | % | 0.0 | % | |||||||||||
Lease termination costs | 9.2 | % | 0.9 | % | 9.1 | % | 3.6 | % | 0.0 | % | |||||||||||
Stock compensation | 12.1 | % | 0.0 | % | 0.0 | % | 0.0 | % | 0.0 | % | |||||||||||
Operating income (loss) | (93.3 | )% | (45.8 | )% | (50.0 | )% | (31.6 | )% | (21.4 | )% |
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Three Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||
Fiscal Year | |||||||||||||||||||||
April 2, | April 1, | ||||||||||||||||||||
1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2001 | 2002 | |||||||||||||||||
(Audited) | (Unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other income (expense): | |||||||||||||||||||||
Interest income | 1.3 | % | 0.9 | % | 0.5 | % | 0.4 | % | 0.2 | % | |||||||||||
Interest expense | (0.6 | )% | (0.4 | )% | (0.9 | )% | (0.6 | )% | (2.1 | )% | |||||||||||
Other income | 0.0 | % | 0.0 | % | 0.0 | % | 0.0 | % | 0.0 | % | |||||||||||
Other expense | 0.0 | % | 0.0 | % | 0.0 | % | 0.0 | % | 0.0 | % | |||||||||||
Total other income (expense), net | 0.7 | % | 0.5 | % | (0.4 | )% | (0.2 | )% | (2.0 | )% | |||||||||||
Income (loss) before income tax | (92.6 | )% | (45.4 | )% | (50.5 | )% | (31.8 | )% | (23.4 | )% | |||||||||||
Income tax benefit (provision) | 0.0 | % | 0.0 | % | 0.0 | % | 0.0 | % | 0.0 | % | |||||||||||
Net income (loss) | (92.6 | )% | (45.4 | )% | (50.5 | )% | (31.8 | )% | (23.4 | )% |
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The following tables set forth unaudited quarterly information for each of the nine fiscal quarters in the period ended April 1, 2002. This quarterly information has been prepared on a basis consistent with our audited financial statements and, in the opinion of management, includes all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the information for the periods presented. Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate significantly as a result of a variety of factors, and operating results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of results for a full fiscal year. See“Risk Factors”.
2000 | 2001 | 2002 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(In thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net sales | $ | 10,747.2 | $ | 12,554.1 | $ | 13,610.6 | $ | 14,310.9 | $ | 15,855.9 | $ | 18,463.8 | $ | 18,217.0 | $ | 17,647.4 | $ | 18,052.1 | ||||||||||||||||||
Cost of goods sold | 2,956.4 | 3,400.4 | 3,653.2 | 3,834.0 | 4,205.6 | 4,871.7 | 4,817.3 | 4,897.1 | 4,853.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Restaurant operating expenses | 6,541.9 | 7,772.6 | 8,414.3 | 9,444.1 | 9,976.1 | 11,586.2 | 11,984.7 | 11,567.5 | 11,127.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total costs of sales | 9,498.3 | 11,173.0 | 12,067.5 | 13,278.1 | 14,181.7 | 16,457.9 | 16,802.0 | 16,464.6 | 15,980.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative expenses | 3,125.9 | 2,905.9 | 3,273.5 | 5,468.9 | 3,735.2 | 4,534.5 | 4,528.4 | 5,563.4 | 4,620.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 1,357.2 | 1,426.7 | 1,565.9 | 1,808.3 | 2,021.9 | 2,126.9 | 1,243.0 | 1,298.2 | 1,210.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Restaurant pre-opening expenses | 136.8 | 189.1 | 411.1 | 672.5 | 253.6 | 320.0 | 407.9 | 457.3 | 111.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Provision for losses on asset impairments and disposals | — | — | — | 5,847.5 | 90.4 | — | 1,561.9 | 6,834.0 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lease termination costs | — | — | — | 477.3 | 578.3 | — | 1,647.1 | 4,185.3 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating income (loss) | (3,371.0 | ) | (3,140.6 | ) | (3,707.4 | ) | (13,241.7 | ) | (5,005.2 | ) | (4,975.5 | ) | (7,973.3 | ) | (17,155.4 | ) | (3,870.3 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Interest income | 77.3 | 144.0 | 110.1 | 110.0 | 60.8 | 105.9 | 146.9 | 26.9 | 29.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense | (47.8 | ) | (47.3 | ) | (45.2 | ) | (70.4 | ) | (98.4 | ) | (115.0 | ) | (106.9 | ) | (334.1 | ) | (387.8 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | (3,341.5 | ) | (3,043.9 | ) | (3,642.5 | ) | (13,202.1 | ) | (5,042.8 | ) | (4,984.6 | ) | (7,933.3 | ) | (17,462.6 | ) | (4,228.2 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Preferred stock dividends | (783.8 | ) | (1,003.2 | ) | (1,144.5 | ) | (1,288.2 | ) | (1,312.7 | ) | (1,639.4 | ) | (1,836.0 | ) | (1,890.0 | ) | (1,960.5 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders | (4,125.3 | ) | (4,047.1 | ) | (4,787.0 | ) | (14,490.3 | ) | (6,355.5 | ) | (6,624.0 | ) | (9,769.3 | ) | (19,352.6 | ) | (6,188.7 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) per common share | (0.92 | ) | (0.90 | ) | (1.06 | ) | (3.22 | ) | (1.41 | ) | (1.47 | ) | (2.17 | ) | (4.29 | ) | (1.37 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Shares used in computing net loss per common share (in thousands) | 4,504 | 4,504 | 4,504 | 4,504 | 4,504 | 4,505 | 4,508 | 4,511 | 4,527 |
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Three Months Ended April 1, 2002 vs. Three Months Ended April 2, 2001
Net Sales
Sales increased $2.2 million, or 13.9%, to $18.1 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2002, from $15.9 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2001. This increase was primarily due to the full quarter contribution of sales from restaurants opened in fiscal 2001 and positive comparable restaurant sales of 1%. This was partially offset by the loss of our World Trade Center restaurant and the closure of our World Financial Center restaurant due to the events of September 11th. Additionally, one restaurant was not suited for remodeling to our current prototype and was closed during the quarter. Comparable restaurant sales were adversely affected by the effect of the economic downturn on our New York Central Business District restaurants, the impact of the events of September 11th across all of our restaurants and the reduction in our menu pricing during the first quarter of fiscal 2002. Excluding the New York Central Business District restaurants, comparable restaurant sales increased 9% in the first quarter of fiscal 2002. This increase was driven by sales performance in the six remodeled restaurants that were open for the full quarter, and three restaurants that were remodeled during the quarter, all of which incorporated our full product line.
Costs and Expenses
Cost of goods sold.Cost of goods sold increased $0.6 million, or 15.4%, to $4.9 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2002, from $4.2 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2001. As a percentage of sales, cost of goods sold increased to 26.9% of sales in the first quarter of fiscal 2002, from 26.5% in the first quarter of fiscal 2001. The increase in cost of goods sold was primarily due to a reduction in our menu pricing during the first quarter of fiscal 2002.
Restaurant operating expenses.Restaurant operating expenses increased $1.1 million, or 11.5%, to $11.1 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2002, from $10.0 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2001. This increase is primarily due to the increased number of restaurants in operation this year. As a percentage of sales, restaurant operating expenses decreased to 61.6% of sales in the first quarter of fiscal 2002, from 62.9% in the first quarter of fiscal 2001. This decrease was primarily due to reductions in our labor costs.
General and administrative expenses.General and administrative expenses increased $0.9 million, or 23.7% to $4.6 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2002 from $3.7 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2001. As a percentage of sales, general and administrative expenses increased to 25.6% of sales in the first quarter of fiscal 2002, from 23.6% of sales in the first quarter of fiscal 2001. The increase was primarily due to growth in our support staff since the first quarter of last year.
Depreciation and amortization.Depreciation and amortization decreased $0.8 million, or 40.1%, to $1.2 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2002, from $2.0 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2001. This decrease was primarily due to additional depreciation on assets to be disposed of in connection with restaurant remodels in the first quarter of fiscal 2001, as well as reduced depreciation in the first quarter of fiscal 2002 on assets for which impairment write-downs were taken in fiscal 2001. As a percentage of sales, depreciation and amortization was 6.7% of sales in the first quarter of fiscal 2002, compared to 12.8% of sales in the first quarter of fiscal 2001.
Restaurant pre-opening expenses. Restaurant pre-opening expenses decreased to $0.1 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2002, from $0.3 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2001. This decrease was due to a reduction in labor and travel costs in connection with the refinement of our training programs and the penetration of existing markets.
Loss on impairment of property and equipment and restaurant closures. We did not recognize impairment losses in the first quarter of fiscal 2002. In the first quarter of fiscal 2001 we recorded $0.1 million of impairment costs.
Lease termination costs. We did not recognize any lease termination costs in the first quarter of fiscal 2002. In the first quarter of fiscal 2001 we recorded $0.6 million of lease termination costs.
Interest income and expense. Interest income decreased by less than $0.05 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2002, from $0.1 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2001. Interest expense increased $0.3 million to $0.4 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2002, from $0.1 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2001. The
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Fiscal Year 2001 vs. Fiscal Year 2000
Net Sales
Sales increased $19.0 million, or 37.1%, to $70.2 million in fiscal 2001, from $51.2 million in fiscal 2000. This increase was primarily due to sales from the 17 new restaurants opened in fiscal 2001, and the full year contribution of sales from restaurants opened in fiscal 2000. This increase was partially offset by a 2% decrease in sales of the restaurants in our comparable restaurant base at the end of the period, the closure of our World Financial Center restaurant due to the events of September 11th, the closure of the mini-training restaurant associated with the Xando Coffee and Bar former headquarters and one additional restaurant closure. The decrease in comparable restaurant sales was primarily due to the especially acute effect of the economic downturn on our New York Central Business District restaurants as well as the significant impact of the events of September 11th. Excluding the New York Central Business District restaurants, comparable restaurant sales increased 7% in fiscal 2001, including an 11% increase in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2001. This increase was partially due to comparable restaurant sales in six restaurants that were remodeled during the year to incorporate our full product line.
Costs and Expenses
Cost of goods sold. Cost of goods sold increased $5.0 million, or 35.7%, to $18.8 million in fiscal 2001, from $13.8 million in fiscal 2000. As a percentage of sales, cost of goods sold decreased to 26.8% of sales in fiscal 2001, from 27.0% in fiscal 2000. The decrease in cost of goods sold was primarily due to the full year benefit of the elimination of our commissary during fiscal 2000.
Restaurant operating expenses. Restaurant operating expenses increased $12.9 million, or 40.2%, to $45.1 million in fiscal 2001, from $32.2 million in fiscal 2000. As a percentage of sales, restaurant operating expenses increased to 64.3% of sales in fiscal 2001, from 62.8% in fiscal 2000. This increase, which was primarily labor costs, was due to the development of the Cosí and Cosí Downtown prototypes, and the related restaurant operating systems. These prototypes are expected to be the basis for the future expansion of both the Cosí and Cosí Downtown concepts. Additionally, sales were adversely affected by the events of September 11th, which resulted in the fixed components of restaurant operating expenses increasing as a percentage of sales.
General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses increased $3.6 million, or 24.3%, from $14.8 million in fiscal 2000 to $18.4 million in fiscal 2001. The increase was primarily due to the development of the support systems associated with our growth strategy and $0.8 million of one-time expenses, including severance payments related to the continued enhancement of our management team. As a percentage of sales, general and administrative expenses decreased to 26.2% of sales in fiscal 2001, from 28.8% of sales in fiscal 2000, due to leveraging of our existing infrastructure.
Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization increased $0.5 million, or 8.6%, to $6.7 million in fiscal 2001, from $6.2 million in fiscal 2000. This increase was due to depreciation on restaurants opened in 2001 and a full year’s depreciation on restaurants opened in 2000 of $1.4 million. These increases were offset by a $0.9 million reduction from asset impairment write-downs in connection with continued refinement of our restaurant prototype.
Restaurant pre-opening expenses. Restaurant pre-opening expenses remained constant at $1.4 million in fiscal 2001, despite an increase in the number of restaurants opened or remodeled. We opened or remodeled 23 restaurants in 2001 versus 18 in 2000. Both labor and travel costs were reduced in our average pre-opening expenses per restaurant as we continued the refinement of our training programs and penetrated existing markets.
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Loss on impairment of property and equipment and restaurant closures. Loss on impairment of property and equipment and restaurant closures increased $2.6 million, to $8.5 million in fiscal 2001, from $5.8 million in fiscal 2000. These costs were due to asset impairment write-downs, the loss of our World Trade Center restaurant, World Trade Center kiosk and World Financial Center restaurant and the closure of a restaurant.
Lease termination costs. Lease termination costs increased $5.9 million to $6.4 million in fiscal 2001, compared to $0.5 million in fiscal 2000. These costs were primarily due to lease terminations in connection with restaurants closed or planned to close in connection with the continued refinement of our restaurant prototype in fiscal 2001.
Interest income and expense. Interest income decreased $0.1 million to $0.3 million in fiscal 2001, from $0.4 million in fiscal 2000. Interest expense increased $0.4 million to $0.7 million in fiscal 2001, from $0.2 million in fiscal 2000. The increase is due to interest on our term loans drawn down in late fiscal 2000, which were outstanding for all of fiscal 2001, and interest on our senior subordinated debt, which was issued in November 2001.
Fiscal Year 2000 vs. Fiscal Year 1999
Net Sales
Sales increased $14.0 million, or 37.5%, to $51.2 million in fiscal 2000, from $37.3 million in fiscal 1999. This increase was primarily due to sales from 17 new restaurants, a full year contribution from 11 restaurants opened in fiscal 1999 and a 3% increase in sales in our comparable restaurant base at the end of the period. These increases were partially offset by the closure of two restaurants in 1999, one restaurant in 2000 and our mini-training restaurant associated with the Xando Coffee and Bar former headquarters.
Costs and Expenses
Cost of goods sold. Cost of goods sold increased $3.0 million, or 27.7%, to $13.8 million in fiscal 2000, from $10.8 million in fiscal 1999. As a percentage of sales, cost of goods sold decreased to 27.0% of sales in fiscal 2000, from 29.1% in fiscal 1999. The decrease in cost of goods sold was primarily due to the elimination of our commissary operation during the year and a reduction of food costs as a percentage of sales.
Restaurant operating expenses. Restaurant operating expenses increased $9.9 million, or 44.7%, to $32.2 million in fiscal 2000, from $22.2 million in fiscal 1999. As a percentage of sales, restaurant operating expenses increased to 62.8% of sales in fiscal 2000, from 59.7% in fiscal 1999. This increase, comprised primarily of labor and fixed expenses, was due to the integration of Xando Coffee and Bar and Cosí Sandwich Bar concepts.
General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses increased $0.8 million, or 5.3%, to $14.8 million in fiscal 2000, from $14.0 million in fiscal 1999. This growth in general and administrative expense was the result of only modest growth in our support center staff levels, as we were able to realize efficiencies through consolidation of restaurant support staff following the merger in late 1999. As a percentage of sales, general and administrative expenses decreased to 28.8% of sales in fiscal 2000, from 37.6% in fiscal 1999, due to leveraging of our existing infrastructure.
Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization increased $3.0 million, or 95.2%, to $6.2 million in fiscal 2000, from $3.2 million in fiscal 1999. This increase was due to a full year’s depreciation on restaurants opened in 1999 and depreciation of restaurants opened in 2000 of $2.0 million. Additionally, depreciation increased by $1.0 million on assets replaced or to be replaced in connection with the remodeling of Xando Coffee and Bar and Cosí Sandwich Bar locations. These increases were offset by reduced depreciation on assets for which impairment write-downs were taken in 1999.
Restaurant pre-opening expenses. Restaurant pre-opening expenses increased $0.7 million, or 113%, to $1.4 million in fiscal 2000, from $0.7 million in fiscal 1999. This increase was due to an increase in the
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Loss on impairment of property and equipment and restaurant closures. Loss on impairment of property and equipment and restaurant closures increased $1.6 million to $5.8 million in fiscal 2000, from $4.2 million in fiscal 1999. These costs were related to asset impairment write-downs and one restaurant closure.
Lease termination costs. Lease termination costs decreased $2.9 million to $0.5 million in fiscal 2000, from $3.4 million in fiscal 1999. Lease termination costs were incurred in connection with the merger, as certain locations were not deemed suitable for our prototype, and were therefore closed.
Merger costs and related expenses. During fiscal 1999 we recorded costs of $8.9 million, resulting from the merger of Xando Coffee and Bar and Cosí Sandwich Bar.
Stock compensation. Stock compensation expense of $4.5 million in fiscal 1999 relates primarily to compensation expense recognized under performance based plan accounting for stock options issued to certain executives of Cosí Sandwich Bar, triggered by the merger.
Interest income and expense. Interest income decreased $0.1 million to $0.4 million in fiscal 2000, from $0.5 million in fiscal 1999. Interest expense remained steady at $0.2 million in both fiscal 2000 and fiscal 1999.
Potential Fluctuations in Quarterly Results and Seasonality
Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate significantly as a result of a variety of factors, including the timing of new restaurant openings and related expenses, profitability of new restaurants, increases or decreases in comparable restaurant sales, general economic conditions, consumer confidence in the economy, consumer preferences, competitive factors, unanticipated increases in food, labor, commodity, energy, insurance and other operating costs, weather conditions and seasonal fluctuations.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash and cash equivalents were $12.6 million on April 1, 2002 compared with $4.5 million at December 31, 2001 and $5.1 million at January 1, 2001. Working capital as of April 1, 2002 was $5.2 million compared with a deficit of $5.3 million at December 31, 2001 and a deficit of $2.8 million at January 1, 2001. Our principal requirements for cash are capital expenditures for the development of new restaurants, maintaining or remodeling existing restaurants and funding operations. Since inception, we have financed our requirements for capital with private equity and debt financings. We do not presently have a credit facility available for general corporate purposes. For the first quarter of fiscal 2002 and the 52 weeks ended December 31, 2001, we met our requirements for capital with proceeds from the sale of Series C preferred stock and the issuance of senior subordinated debt.
Net cash used in operating activities for the first quarter of fiscal 2002 was $5.3 million, compared to $12.3 million for the 52 weeks ended December 31, 2001 and $8.5 million for the 52 weeks ended January 1, 2001. Funds used in operating activities in fiscal 2001 increased primarily as a result of an increase in our net loss compared to fiscal 2000.
Total capital expenditures for first quarter of fiscal 2002 were $2.7 million, compared to expenditures of $20.4 million for the 52 weeks ended December 31, 2001. These expenditures were primarily related to the remodeling of three restaurants in the first quarter of fiscal 2002, opening of new restaurants and maintaining or remodeling existing restaurants in fiscal 2001. Total capital expenditures were $18.2 million for fiscal 2000, and were primarily related to the opening of new restaurants, and for maintaining or remodeling existing restaurants.
Net cash provided by financing activities provided $16.2 million for the first quarter of fiscal 2002, $32.1 million for the 52 weeks ended December 31, 2001 and $25.0 million for the 52 weeks ended January 1, 2001. In the first quarter of fiscal 2002, we issued approximately 1.1 million shares of Series C preferred stock and received approximately $19.0 million, net of offering costs. Of this, approximately
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Our capital requirements, including development costs related to the opening of additional restaurants and for maintenance and remodeling expenditures have been, and will continue to be significant. Our future capital requirements and the adequacy of available funds will depend on many factors, including the pace of our expansion, real estate markets, the availability of suitable site locations and the nature of the arrangements negotiated with landlords. We believe that our current liquidity and resources provides sufficient liquidity to fund our operations for at least 12 months; thereafter, we will need to obtain additional financing, or make changes in our operating cost structure in order to achieve positive cash flow. We presently anticipate that funds raised through this offering will be sufficient to fund our cash requirements through 2004.
Other Commitments
As of December 31, 2001
Total | Due within | Due in from | Due in from | Due after | ||||||||||||||||
Contractual Obligations | (in thousands) | 1 year | 1 to 3 years | 3 to 5 years | 5 years | |||||||||||||||
Notes Payable | $ | 2,695.4 | $ | 1,136.8 | $ | 1,338.3 | $ | 108.2 | $ | 112.1 | ||||||||||
Sr. Subordinated Debt (a) | 7,907.5 | — | — | 7,907.5 | — | |||||||||||||||
Capital Lease Obligations | 577.1 | 441.9 | 135.2 | — | ||||||||||||||||
Operating Lease Obligations (b) | 101,118.4 | 10,254.0 | 21,780.6 | 22,217.4 | 46,866.4 | |||||||||||||||
Mandatorily Redeemable Preferred Stock (c) | 94,292.9 | — | 18,768.2 | 75,524.7 | — |
(a) | To be prepaid with a portion of the proceeds from this offering. Amount shown is net of discount of $1,045.6. |
(b) | Includes approximately $16.9 million of obligations on leases for restaurants which have either been closed or are planned to be closed. |
(c) | To be converted to common stock at the time of this offering. |
We are obligated under non-cancelable operating leases for our restaurants and our administrative offices. Lease terms are generally for ten years with renewal options and generally require us to pay a proportionate share of real estate taxes, insurance, common area and other operating costs. Some restaurant leases provide for contingent rental payments.
Except for the foregoing, we have no off-balance sheet contractual arrangements. We have no unconditional purchase arrangements except that as of April 1, 2002 we were party to contracts with respect to the construction of restaurants for which approximately $1.6 million remained to be paid, and we are obligated to purchase approximately $0.2 million of roasted coffee between now and fiscal year end 2002.
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Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In July 2001, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued SFAS No. 141, “Business Combinations” and No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.” SFAS 141 requires all business combinations initiated after June 30, 2001 to be accounted for using the purchase method. Under SFAS 142, goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives are no longer amortized but are reviewed annually (or more frequently if impairment indicators arise) for impairment. Separable intangible assets that are not deemed to have indefinite lives will continue to be amortized over their useful lives (but with no maximum life). The amortization provisions of SFAS 142 apply to goodwill and intangible assets acquired after June 30, 2001. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of SFAS 141 and 142. We believe that adoption of this standard will not have a material effect on our financial statements, principally because our significant business combination (See Note 3 to the financial statements included in the Prospectus) was accounted for under the pooling of interests method of accounting in which no goodwill was recorded. Effective January 1, 2002, our trademarks with indefinite lives will no longer amortize. We periodically review our intangible assets for possible indicators of impairment.
In June 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 143, “Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations.” This statement addresses financial and reporting obligations associated with the retirement of tangible long-lived assets and the associated asset retirement costs. It applies to legal obligations associated with the retirement of long-lived assets that result from acquisition, construction, development and/or the normal operation of a long-lived asset, except for certain obligations of lessees. This statement is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2002. We believe adoption of SFAS 143 will not have a material effect on our financial position or results of operations.
In August 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.” SFAS 144 supercedes SFAS 121 and APB Opinion No. 30, “Reporting Results of Operations Reporting the Effects of Disposal of a Segment of a Business, and Extraordinary, Unusual and Infrequently Occurring Events and Transactions.” This statement retains the fundamental provisions of SFAS 121 for recognition and measurement of impairment, but amends the accounting and reporting standards for segments of a business to be disposed of. We adopted the provisions of this statement beginning in fiscal 2002. We do not believe that the adoption of SFAS 144 will have a material impact on our financial position or results of its operations.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Our market risk exposures are related to our cash, cash equivalents, investments and interest that we pay on our debt and senior subordinated notes. We have no derivative financial instruments or derivative commodity instruments in our cash, cash equivalents and investments. We invest our excess cash in investment grade highly liquid short-term investments. We anticipate investing our net proceeds from this offering in similar investment grade and highly liquid investments. These investments are not held for trading or other speculative purposes. Changes in interest rates affect the investment income we earn on our investments and, therefore, impact our cash flows and results of operations.
All of our transactions are conducted, and our accounts are denominated, in United States dollars. Accordingly, we are not exposed to foreign currency risk.
Inflation
The primary inflationary factors affecting our business are food and labor costs. A large number of our restaurant personnel are paid at rates based on the applicable minimum wage, and increases in the minimum wage will directly affect our labor costs. Many of our leases require us to pay taxes, maintenance, repairs, insurance and utilities, all of which are generally subject to inflationary increases. We believe that inflation has not had a material impact on our results of operations in recent years.
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BUSINESS
We own and operate 68 fast casual restaurants in 11 states and the District of Columbia. Our Cosí restaurants are all-day cafés that feature signature bread and coffee products in an environment we adjust appropriately throughout the day. Our Cosí restaurants offer breakfast, lunch, afternoon coffee, dinner, and dessert menus full of creative, cravable foods and beverages. From CosíSquagels®(square bagels made from Cosí bread) to our award-winning sandwiches and pizzas, we have developed featured foods that are built around our secret, generations-old recipe for crackly crust flatbread. These products are freshly baked in front of our customers throughout the day in open flame stone hearth ovens prominently located in each of our restaurants. Our coffees are freshly brewed and expertly prepared by our baristas and bartenders. Our coffee beverages range from simple Cosí brews and traditional lattes to our innovative Double Oh Arctic Mochas and specialty coffee cocktails, featuring theMocha Kiss®. We offer friendly and attentive service in a warm and inclusive atmosphere. Our vision is to become America’s favorite café by giving every customer something to look forward to in their day.
We operate our restaurants in two formats: Cosí and Cosí Downtown. All of our restaurants offer breakfast, lunch and afternoon coffee in a counter service format. After 5 p.m., our Cosí restaurants add table service and offer dinner and dessert in a casual dining format. Cosí Downtown restaurants, which are located in non-residential central business districts close, for the day, in the early evening. All of our restaurants are designed to be welcoming and comfortable, featuring oversized sofas, chairs and tables, and faux painted walls. The atmosphere of Cosí is appropriately managed for each daypart by changing the music, both style and volume, and lighting throughout the day. The design scheme of our counters and bars, menu boards as well as condiment counters and server stations incorporate warm colors and geometric patterns, intended to create a visual vocabulary that can be easily identified by our customers.
Our restaurants are located in a wide range of markets and trade areas, including business districts and residential communities in both urban and suburban locations. We believe that we have created significant brand equity in our markets and that we have demonstrated the appeal of our concept to a wide variety of customers. We opened 17 restaurants in 2001, including seven restaurants in the fourth quarter, and expect to open approximately 30 to 35 restaurants in 2002 and approximately 53 to 59 restaurants in 2003 by expanding our presence in existing markets and selectively entering new markets.
We believe that the flexibility of our multiple daypart model, the appeal of our high quality, innovative product offering, and our ability to operate in a wide variety of real estate markets have created an attractive restaurant model, providing us with considerable growth opportunities to develop our brand nationwide.
History
Cosí was created through the October 1999 merger of two restaurant concepts, Cosí Sandwich Bar, Inc. and Xando, Incorporated. Each company served a similar customer, but focused on different parts of the day.
Cosí Sandwich Bar.The Cosí Sandwich Bar concept was created in Paris in the early 1990’s and brought to the United States by us in 1996. Cosí Sandwich Bar signature “crackly crust” flatbread, derived from a generations-old Italian recipe, was prepared daily at each restaurant where fresh loaves were baked throughout the day. Cosí Sandwich Bar focused on selling sandwiches in high density central business districts in New York, Washington DC, Boston and Philadelphia. Cosí Sandwich Bar received numerous awards, including Time Out New York’s #1 Sandwich and Nation’s Restaurant News “Hot Concept.”
Xando Coffee and Bar.Xando Coffee and Bar, founded in 1994, was an innovative concept that went beyond the traditional specialty coffee bar. Xando Coffee and Bar locations were open for five dayparts. The 5 p.m. “unveiling” of a full liquor bar featured coffee cocktails and was intended to create a dynamic evening environment. The atmosphere of Xando Coffee and Bar was adjusted appropriately for each daypart by changing the music and lighting throughout the day. The evening environment was completed by the addition of table service. Xando Coffee and Bar received numerous awards, including Innovative Concept of the Year from the Connecticut Restaurant Association.
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Over the last two years during the development of our concept, we added Cosí Sandwich Bar products to the Xando Coffee and Bar five daypart platform. We believe we have created a restaurant concept that satisfies our customers’ needs fromWake Up Call to Last Call®. In 2001, Restaurant Hospitality Magazine selected Cosí as one of America’s Premier Concepts of Tomorrow.
Industry Overview
We compete in the fast casual segment of the restaurant industry. This segment is characterized by a higher quality, healthier menu selection than offered at quick service restaurants as well as by a less expensive and more time efficient experience than typically found at casual dining restaurants. It is estimated by NPDFoodworld, an independent industry market research firm, that the fast casual segment constituted only approximately 2% of the restaurant industry’s 2000 domestic volume. The 2002 restaurant industry’s sales are estimated by the National Restaurant Association, to approach approximately $408 billion.
According to NPDFoodworld, in 2001, the fast casual segment grew by 12%, comprised of a 9% increase in traffic and a 3% increase in average check.
We believe that the fast casual segment will continue to grow faster than the overall restaurant industry as a result of a number of social, demographic and lifestyle trends, including:
• | longer working hours, an increase in dual income families and the aging of the Baby Boomer population result in more frequent dining out as well as an increased premium on consumers’ time; | |
• | more sophisticated consumer tastes characterized by desire for newer, fresher and higher quality products; and | |
• | a generally more health conscious society. |
Our average check in 2001 of $6.37 is comparable to the average check in 2001 of $6.19 of Panera Bread Company, a relevant fast casual competitor, as reported in its 2001 annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC.
We believe the fast casual segment is highly fragmented. We also believe that, with no clear leader and no national brand in the fast casual segment, there is considerable opportunity for expansion and for the development of a leading nationwide brand.
Concept and Business Strategy
Our objective is to build a nationwide system of distinctive restaurants that generate attractive unit economics by appealing to a broad range of customers across five dayparts: breakfast, lunch, afternoon coffee, dinner and dessert. Inherent in this objective is our ability to leverage our core competencies in both bread and coffee by offering creative, cravable products during each daypart, reinforcing the Cosí brand and creating a loyal customer base. To achieve this objective, we intend to utilize the following strategies:
Build Awareness of the Cosí Brand.We believe that the Cosí name has achieved substantial brand equity among our customers and has become well known within our markets for our signature bread and coffee products, most notably, our award winning crackly crust flat bread, the foundation of every Cosí sandwich. We intend to strengthen this brand loyalty by continuing to offer new menu items based on these signature products, while delivering what we believe to be a consistently memorable customer experience. Additionally, we believe that the Cosí name has become representative of the “cozy” feel of our restaurants, which feature comfortable seating and a warm, inclusive atmosphere. Further, we prominently feature our sun and moon logo on our exterior signage, marketing materials and packaging, in order to emphasize that our customers can visit Cosí throughout the day.
Provide a Menu Offering Full of Creative, Cravable Foods and Beverages. We offer proprietary bread and coffee products for all five dayparts. All of our signature bread products are made from scratch on premises in front of the customer and baked fresh in our open flame stone hearth oven all day. We believe that our extensive café menu of cravable proprietary products distinguishes us from our competition. Our food
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Capitalize on Proven Multiple Daypart Model.By operating in multiple dayparts, we are able to maximize revenues and leverage both development and operating costs. We select sites that experience strong traffic in at least three of five dayparts. We believe that our core competencies in bread and coffee create a foundation of products suitable for each daypart. The ambiance, through adjustments of lighting and music, is also managed to be appropriate and different for each daypart. We believe our versatility has allowed us to build strong customer loyalty with a high percentage of repeat business. Additionally, as we continue to enhance our product offering in each daypart, our new restaurant average unit volumes have significantly increased. During 2001, despite the negative impact of September 11th across all of our restaurants, average sales for restaurants opened from 1994 to 1999 were approximately $1,040,000 and average sales for restaurants opened in 2000 were approximately $1,400,000.
Operate in Multiple Real Estate Paradigms.Our restaurants are located in a wide range of markets and trade areas, which include business districts and residential communities in both urban and suburban locations. We believe that this demonstrates the flexibility of our restaurant designs and the appeal of our concept to a wide variety of consumers. Through our development of the Cosí and Cosí Downtown formats in both existing and new markets, we believe we have the platform to expand in multiple real estate paradigms in order to maximize financial performance.
Provide a High Level of Customer Service.We recognize that a key to a positive customer experience is the customer’s interaction with our partners. We dedicate significant time and resources to our partners’ experience through our “Life of the Partner” program to focus on every aspect of a partner’s development with us, from sourcing, selection and hiring to orientation, training, continuing education, performance evaluation and promotion. Specifically, we offer our partners industry-competitive benefits and equity incentives and we use a selection system built around a success predicting testing program. Our training processes focus on teaching partners to deliver exceptional products with personalized, friendly service, while driving financial results through concentration on increasing sales and managing profitability.
Leverage our Infrastructure.We have a deep management infrastructure led by seasoned professionals from both the retail and the restaurant industries. We believe that this management team, combined with our founder driven culture, provides us with the right chemistry and experience to execute our growth plans. In addition, we have made a substantial investment in an application service provider model, which allows us to maintain advanced technology without the need to continually re-invest in infrastructure and personnel. We believe our management and systems infrastructure will allow us to manage our growth without any further significant investment in information systems, equipment or personnel.
Growth
We believe that there are significant opportunities to expand our concept and brand on a nationwide basis. In addition to new restaurant growth, we believe that we will increase average unit volumes through the launch of new menu segments, product innovations and catering sales.
New Unit Growth.The addition of new restaurants has been our primary source of growth historically and we anticipate that it will be the primary source of growth in the near term. We believe that we have adopted a manageable growth strategy and intend to develop many of our new restaurants in our existing markets, and selectively enter new markets, to gain operational efficiencies, enhance convenience for our customers and increase brand awareness. We do not utilize a commissary system and thus our expansion is not restricted by geographic proximity to commissary kitchens. Our site selection criteria is flexible and
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We plan to open approximately 30 to 35 new restaurants during fiscal 2002, and approximately 53 to 59 new restaurants in fiscal 2003. We expect that the majority of our restaurants to be opened in the future will be in the Cosí all-day format.
Increased Average Unit Volumes.We plan to increase sales at our restaurants by expanding our food and drink selections, leveraging each of the five dayparts: breakfast, lunch, afternoon coffee, dinner and dessert. We maintain a pipeline of new menu segments and product launches which are systematically introduced in order to keep our product offerings relevant to consumers in each daypart, drive customer frequency and increase our average check. Additionally, Cosí catering provides us with an additional channel for growth outside of the four walls of the restaurant. Due to the absence of a national catering brand, we believe we have the opportunity to build a nationally recognized catering business with our restaurants serving as distribution points.
With the implementation of this strategy, our new restaurant average unit volumes have significantly increased. During 2001, despite the negative impact of September 11th across all of our restaurants, average sales for restaurants opened from 1994 to 1999 were approximately $1,040,000 and average sales for restaurants opened in 2000 were approximately $1,400,000.
Expansion Strategy and Site Selection
Our site selection criteria focuses on identifying markets, trade areas, intersections and specific sites that yield the greatest density of desirable demographic indicators, heavy pedestrian and vehicular traffic patterns, and a highly visible site. In order to maximize our market penetration potential we have developed flexible physical site criteria that allow us to meet the siting specifics of individual markets as they uniquely present themselves. Our restaurants operate in a range of paradigms including: urban central business district, urban residential and suburban locations. Sites are specifically selected within these paradigms where there are strong generators for at least three of the five dayparts. Our prototype restaurant is 2,700 square feet. Current locations range from approximately 1,800 square feet to approximately 4,000 square feet.
Our restaurants are designed to be welcoming and comfortable, combining elements of an efficient, fast-paced counter-service concept with those of a cozy and inviting table service café. Inside each restaurant, the steel-encased open flame stone-hearth oven sits in a prominent position with its flame visible to customers throughout the day. Our restaurants feature oversized sofas, contemporary chairs and tables, and faux painted walls. Lighting and music, which change throughout the day, are also key elements in creating the inviting Cosí atmosphere. The design scheme of the counters and bars, menu boards as well as condiment counters and server stations use warm colors and geometric patterns intended to create an identifiable visual vocabulary and recognizable trade dress. All of the counters in our restaurants are modular, which provides flexibility in design. A signature of each Cosí location is a painted mural, which covers the liquor display. The liquor bar is hidden during the day and is unveiled at 5 p.m., transforming our Cosí restaurants into an energetic evening café. EachCosíexterior features prominent signage that clearly displays our trade name and sun and moon logo and the monikers “Breakfast,” “Lunch,” “Dinner” and “Dessert.” The exterior signage for our Cosí Downtown restaurants displays the Cosí Downtown name, the sun and moon logo and the monikers “Breakfast,” “Lunch” and “Catering.”
Existing Locations.All of our restaurants are located on leased properties. Each lease typically has a 10 year base rent period, with various renewal options. Each lease requires a base rent, and some locations provide for contingent rental payments. At most locations, we reimburse the landlords for a proportionate share of either the landlord’s taxes or yearly increases in the landlord’s taxes.
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The following table depicts existing restaurants, by region as of May 20, 2002:
Street Address | City | Date Opened | Format | |||
Northeast: | ||||||
103 Pratt Street | Hartford, CT | 10/24/94 | Cosí (a) | |||
338 Elm Street | New Haven, CT | 3/21/96 | Cosí | |||
970 Farmington Avenue | W. Hartford, CT | 8/17/99 | Cosí | |||
133 Federal Street | Boston, MA | 10/31/98 | Cosí Downtown | |||
53 State Street | Boston, MA | 5/21/99 | Cosí Downtown | |||
14 Milk Street | Boston, MA | 7/27/99 | Cosí Downtown | |||
2160 Broadway | New York, NY | 5/8/97 | Cosí | |||
504 Avenue of the Americas | New York, NY | 3/17/98 | Cosí | |||
257 Park Avenue South | New York, NY | 2/9/99 | Cosí | |||
165 East 52nd Street | New York, NY | 2/1/96 | Cosí Downtown | |||
38 East 45th Street | New York, NY | 2/8/97 | Cosí Downtown | |||
11 West 42nd Street | New York, NY | 6/9/97 | Cosí Downtown | |||
60 East 56th Street | New York, NY | 9/26/97 | Cosí Downtown | |||
3 World Financial Center (b) | New York, NY | 1/19/98 | Cosí Downtown | |||
55 Broad Street | New York, NY | 3/23/98 | Cosí Downtown | |||
54 Pine Street | New York, NY | 5/26/98 | Cosí Downtown | |||
1633 Broadway | New York, NY | 7/23/98 | Cosí Downtown | |||
61 West 48th Street | New York, NY | 8/25/98 | Cosí Downtown | |||
202 West 36th Street | New York, NY | 11/30/98 | Cosí Downtown | |||
3 East 17th Street | New York, NY | 2/22/99 | Cosí Downtown | |||
685 Third Avenue | New York, NY | 6/1/99 | Cosí Downtown | |||
461 Park Avenue South | New York, NY | 1/25/00 | Cosí | |||
279 Main Street | Huntington, NY | 2/20/00 | Cosí | |||
50 Purchase Street | Rye, NY | 3/19/00 | Cosí | |||
38 East 51st Street | New York, NY | 7/24/00 | Cosí Downtown | |||
841 Broadway | New York, NY | 9/28/00 | Cosí | |||
15 S. Moger Avenue | Mt. Kisco, NY | 12/11/00 | Cosí | |||
116 Montague Street | Brooklyn, NY | 3/8/01 | Cosí | |||
545 Washington Boulevard | Jersey City, NJ | 5/4/01 | Cosí Downtown | |||
369 Lexington Avenue | New York, NY | 8/28/01 | Cosí Downtown | |||
77 Quaker Ridge Road | New Rochelle, NY | 11/30/01 | Cosí | |||
1298 Boston Post Road | Larchmont, NY | 12/11/01 | Cosí | |||
Mid-Atlantic: | ||||||
235 South 15th Street | Philadelphia, PA | 9/15/96 | Cosí | |||
325 Chestnut Street | Philadelphia, PA | 4/16/97 | Cosí |
(a) | Currently operating as a Xando Coffee and Bar location. |
(b) | Currently closed due to the events of September 11th. |
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Street Address | City | Date Opened | Format | |||
Mid-Atlantic: | ||||||
1128 Walnut Street | Philadelphia, PA | 12/16/97 | Cosí | |||
3601 Walnut Street | Philadelphia, PA | 8/27/98 | Cosí | |||
761 Lancaster Avenue | Bryn Mawr, PA | 9/25/98 | Cosí | |||
215 Lombard Street | Philadelphia, PA | 5/18/99 | Cosí | |||
1700 Market Street | Philadelphia, PA | 9/7/99 | Cosí Downtown | |||
1720 Walnut Street | Philadelphia, PA | 10/21/00 | Cosí | |||
King of Prussia Mall | King of Prussia, PA | 11/17/01 | Cosí | |||
11909 Democracy Drive | Reston, VA | 5/4/01 | Cosí | |||
3003 N. Charles Street | Baltimore, MD | 12/17/98 | Cosí (a) | |||
1350 Connecticut Avenue | Washington, DC | 9/24/97 | Cosí | |||
1647 20th Street NW | Washington, DC | 8/11/98 | Cosí | |||
301 Pennsylvania Avenue SE | Washington, DC | 3/2/99 | Cosí (a) | |||
2050 Wilson Boulevard | Arlington, VA | 4/13/99 | Cosí | |||
1700 Pennsylvania Avenue | Washington, DC | 8/16/99 | Cosí Downtown | |||
700 King Street | Alexandria, VA | 5/7/00 | Cosí | |||
700 11th Street | Washington, DC | 5/11/00 | Cosí | |||
4250 Fairfax Drive | Arlington, VA | 6/22/00 | Cosí | |||
1919 M Street | Washington, DC | 9/20/00 | Cosí | |||
1001 Pennsylvania Avenue NW | Washington, DC | 10/26/00 | Cosí Downtown | |||
7251 Woodmont Avenue | Bethesda, MD | 12/27/00 | Cosí | |||
1501 K Street NW | Washington, DC | 12/4/01 | Cosí Downtown | |||
Mid-West: | ||||||
116 S. Michigan Avenue | Chicago, IL | 9/19/00 | Cosí | |||
57 E. Grand Street | Chicago, IL | 10/3/00 | Cosí | |||
230 W. Washington Street | Chicago, IL | 11/20/00 | Cosí Downtown | |||
1200 North State Parkway | Chicago, IL | 2/24/01 | Cosí | |||
203 North LaSalle Street | Chicago, IL | 5/1/01 | Cosí Downtown | |||
230 West Monroe Street | Chicago, IL | 5/7/02 | Cosí Downtown | |||
1101 Lake Street | Oak Park, IL | 6/27/01 | Cosí | |||
21-25 East Chicago Avenue | Hinsdale, IL | 12/4/01 | Cosí | |||
4074 The Strand West | Columbus, OH | 10/9/01 | Cosí | |||
301 South State Street | Ann Arbor, MI | 5/25/01 | Cosí | |||
101 North Old Woodward Avenue | Birmingham, MI | 8/7/01 | Cosí | |||
301 East Grand River Avenue | East Lansing, MI | 5/7/02 | Cosí | |||
8775 N. Port Washington Road | Fox Point, WI | 12/1/01 | Cosí |
(a) | Currently operating as a Xando Coffee and Bar location. |
Cosí Products
We offer proprietary bread and coffee products for all five dayparts — breakfast, lunch, afternoon coffee, dinner and dessert. All of our signature bread products are made from scratch on premises in front of the customers and baked fresh in our open flame stone hearth oven throughout the day. These cravable proprietary products provide the basis for our extensive café menu and, we believe, distinguish us from our competition. Our food menu features CosíSquagels® (square bagels made from Cosí bread), sandwiches, salads, soups,Cosí-dillasTM (our version of the Mexican classic),Cosí CornersTM and other appetizers,Warm
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We regularly introduce new menu segments and products in order to keep our product offerings relevant to consumers in each daypart. New recipes are developed by our executive chef in conjunction with our partner suppliers. These recipes are thoroughly evaluated, both internally and through consumer focus groups. New products are intended to drive customer frequency and average checks, resulting in increased average unit volumes in new locations and positive same restaurant sales increases in existing locations.
A selection of Cosí signature products is described below:
Cosí Sandwiches. The foundation of every Cosí sandwich is our signature crackly crust flatbread, derived from a generations-old Italian recipe. We prepare dough daily at each of our restaurants and bake fresh loaves throughout the day. Our Cosí Bread is then filled with an innovative mix of ingredients, creating our specialty sandwich combinations, such as Buffalo Chicken with Blue Cheese S’bread, Tandoori Chicken with Roasted Red Peppers and Cosí Vinaigrette and Cranberry Roasted Turkey with Romaine. In addition to our marketed list of specialty sandwich combinations, customers can create their own Cosí sandwich combinations by choosing from the vast array of fresh ingredients displayed behind glass counters, as they watch Cosí Bread being baked in our prominently displayed open flame stone hearth oven. For dinner, we recently introduced Warm n’ Cosí MeltsTM, including the Cosí Cheese Steak and the Cosí Chicken Parmesan.
Cosí Coffee and Coffee Cocktails.Cosí Coffee includes a full line of espresso-based beverages such as lattes, cappuccinos and mochas as well our proprietary house blend of four Central and South American coffees. We also feature Arctic Mochas and Lattes, which have become warm weather favorites of our customers. In the evening, we integrate liquor into our coffee beverage line and feature a variety of coffee cocktails such as theMocha Kiss® (Kahlua, Irish Cream, Grand Marnier, espresso, steamed milk and chocolate syrup topped with whipped cream). Cosí partners expertly brew coffee using state-of-the-art brewing equipment located in each restaurant, with the exacting standards we believe are necessary to ensure a great cup every time.
Cosí Pizza.Cosí Pizza is made from an intriguingly thin, crispy crust version of our flat bread and baked in our stone hearth ovens. We use fresh ingredients and a secret recipe tomato sauce, which carefully balances flavors. Cosí customer favorites, which include both red and white pies, feature the classic traditional cheese pizza, as well as our specialty Grilled Chicken and Caramelized Onions, Goat Cheese and Roasted Red Peppers, and Bruschetta Pizzas. Additionally, we offer a variety of traditional and specialty toppings that enable our customers to build their own pizza. At 11 inches round, Cosí Pizzas make a satisfying course for one, or a shareable portion of a larger meal.
After the introduction of Cosí Pizza and our enhanced dinner menu to existing locations, food sales in the dinner and dessert dayparts increased approximately 115% in those locations from the four weeks before the menu launch to a four-week period in the first quarter of 2002 following the menu launch.
Cosí Squagels®. CosíSquagels® are square bagels made from fresh Cosí Bread and baked in our stone hearth ovens every morning. CosíSquagels® are a key element of our breakfast daypart and leverage the popularity of Cosí Bread and New York style bagels. CosíSquagels® come in a variety of flavors, including: Asiago Cheese, Poppyseed, Sesame, Onion, Everything, Plain, Salt, Cinnamon Raisin, and Dried Fruit and can be individually prepared by our partners with a full line of Cream Cheese S’breads.
After the introduction of CosíSquagels® to existing locations, sales in the breakfast daypart increased approximately 30% in those locations from the four weeks before the product launch to a four-week period in the first quarter of 2002 following the product launch.
Cosí S’mores and S’mmm...oreos.Cosí S’mores is an interactive dessert, which allows customers to roast their own marshmallows and melt chocolate over an open flamed hibachi right at their table. The S’mmm...oreos is a variation on the S’mores utilizing giant Oreo® cookies instead of the traditional graham cracker. These products complement our full dessert offering and appeal to a broad range of customers.
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Cosí Salads. The Cosí Salad offering features the Signature Salad, with spinach and field greens, gorgonzola cheese, grapes, pistachios, pears and dried cranberries, and a roasted shallot sherry vinaigrette, as well as the Chicken Shanghai Salad, with mesclun lettuce with grilled chicken, Oriental noodles, carrots, and scallions tossed with low fat Oriental dressing. Our salads are available in lunch portions or in larger sharable portions for dinner.
Catering.Our catering menu offers a wide range of products to meet our customers’ needs, including: CosíSquagel® baskets, fresh fruit platters, Cosí Sandwich baskets, Salads, and Dessert Platters. Cosí catering provides us with an additional channel for growth outside of the four walls of the restaurant. With the absence of a national catering brand, we believe we have the opportunity to build a nationally recognized catering business with our restaurants serving as distribution points.
Unit Economics
During 2001, despite the negative impact of September 11th across all of our restaurants, average sales for restaurants opened from 1994 to 1999 were approximately $1,040,000 and average sales for restaurants opened in 2000 were approximately $1,400,000. This increase is due to the leveraging of our multiple daypart strategy, which entailed adding new menu segments and innovative products throughout our five dayparts in order to raise sales.
The following graphics depict the percentage of sales each daypart contributed to our overall sales at our locations in fiscal 2001. The first graph represents our five daypart locations and the second graphic represents our three daypart locations. As shown, our Cosí five daypart restaurants have significant revenues both before and after 5 p.m., while the predominance of Cosí Downtown three daypart restaurants sales occur during the lunch daypart. As the third graphic depicts, our restaurants have a strong beverage component. Our beverage to food ratio in 2001 across all locations is approximately 33% beverage to 67% food, a ratio resulting in high gross margins. Our gross margin, sales less cost of goods sold, for restaurants opened the full year of 2001 was 73.4%.
We believe that our restaurants located in the Washington D.C. Metropolitan Statistical Area, or MSA, are most representative of the restaurants that we expect to develop in the future. The restaurants located in
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People
At the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2002 we had 1,902 employees, 76 of which served in administrative or executive capacities, 176 of which served as restaurant management personnel, and 1,650 of which were hourly restaurant personnel.
We recognize that our partners are a key to a positive customer experience. We encourage partners to share a sense of ownership and mission with management. It is because of this shared sense of ownership that we call all Cosí employees “partners.” We have developed the Life of the Partner model that facilitates a Cosí partner’s development from initial sourcing and selection to continuing education and promotion.
We believe we are able to attract highly qualified and energetic partners at all levels by offering an industry-competitive catalog of benefits including “My Slice of the Bread” stock options, continuous internal growth channels, an Experience Life Bonus, educational contributions and a 401(k) plan.
Our restaurants are staffed by managers, certified shift leaders and hourly partners. All Cosí hourly and management partners complete a predictive test and interview process which assesses the individual’s “fit” against our indicators for success, and measures areas such as drive and energy, service orientation and leadership abilities. Because of the food delivery system within the restaurant, all hourly partners have some level of customer interaction. We have designed the hourly partner hiring profile to attract people with high-energy, who are customer service oriented and driven to succeed.
We have a comprehensive and structured training program for all hourly functions as well as management positions. Each hourly partner’s training program begins with a structured orientation given by a Regional Training Manager and is followed by a week of position training with a certified “Commando,” or in-restaurant trainer, and daily written tests, and continues on every subsequent shift with the General Manager. The Manager Training Program is divided into four segments: Position Training, Leadership and Team Building, Customer Experience Management, and Finance and Administration. The Manager Training Program focuses on all aspects of business management, people development and results orientation measured through demonstrative and skills based testing. We strive to select and develop well trained business leaders and talented, motivated partners.
None of our employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements, and we have never experienced an organized work stoppage or strike. We believe that our working conditions and compensation packages are competitive and consider relations with our employees to be good.
Operations
Management Structure.The restaurant operations team is built around regional centers, led by a Regional Vice President, who reports to our Chief Operating Officer. Each Regional Vice President is responsible for all operations, training, recruiting and human resources within his or her region. The Regional Vice Presidents are responsible for the financial plan for their region and for the people development plan to support the growth in their region. They oversee all aspects of the sourcing, selecting, hiring, training and development outlined in our Life of the Partner program. The Regional Vice Presidents are responsible for execution of our management systems.
Internal Communication.Our training programs emphasize the importance of communication between management and hourly partners on a daily basis. We have developed a succession of structured communication from the regional level to the hourly partner level to ensure that all operations initiatives are communicated and executed effectively. The strength of our communication process allows us to react swiftly
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Sales Forecasting.Each of the Regional Vice Presidents and their District Managers have real time access to sales forecast and actual sales information in their restaurants through our web based reporting system. This plan allows restaurant management teams to plan their staffing requirements on a weekly, daily and even hourly basis to effectively serve our customers. We believe the ability of our multi-unit supervisors to direct changes based on financial results throughout the week gives us a competitive advantage.
Customer Service Evaluation.During training, our hourly partners are introduced to our standards of service. In order to monitor our success in executing to these standards and to give our hourly partners consistent performance feedback, we employ an external secret shopping service. Scores and comments are reviewed with the individual partner who was shopped and then posted in the restaurant to educate all of the partners. Our management bonus system includes the scores from these secret shops. Finally, rankings in critical categories are distributed company wide by region and district to identify which restaurants are achieving the highest scores.
Product Quality.Our food and beverage quality is managed at three critical stages: sourcing, line readiness and product preparation. Products are delivered several times each week so that all restaurants maintain fresh, quality products. Because our restaurants serve a different variety of products during all five dayparts, a specific line readiness checklist is completed to ensure that the products have been rotated, prepared and staged correctly. Finally, our partner-training program includes certification in both product knowledge and product preparation standards.
Food and Labor Cost Controls.Our information system allows us to track actual versus theoretical labor and cost of goods sold. Detailed reports are available at the restaurant level showing variances on an item-by-item basis. The system is fully integrated into our accounts payable and general ledger systems so that restaurant managers have control and can be held accountable for their results. The restaurant manager’s bonus includes a component based on food cost variance versus theoretical costs.
We have developed a labor management system that helps our managers control labor and ensures that staffing levels are appropriate to meet our service standards. This labor management system provides our multi unit managers with performance reports on a real time basis that help them make staffing adjustments during the course of the week. Our system was developed to maximize labor efficiency and profitability of the restaurants.
We believe that the combination of these structured restaurant operating systems and technologies allow our operators to focus their time more effectively on the day to day drivers of our business.
Scaleable Systems Infrastructure
We believe that our information technology infrastructure is one of our competitive advantages. We use an ASP model, which allows us to have the latest in technology and up to the minute information without continually having to re-invest in hardware and personnel. Our strategy includes utilizing web technology to put information into the hands of the people who need to make decisions in a timely manner.
Our point of sale, back-office modules, and our Oracle financials systems are fully integrated. This integration allows us to all be working with the same, accurate data with minimal staffing. All information relating to restaurant operations is uploaded onto a secure web site five times a day for review and pre-selected reports are distributed to our operations team via wireless and e-mail solutions.
We have a redundancy and back-up plan in place for all data as well as a disaster recovery plan. The plan encompasses daily back up, weekly off-site storage, and redundant facilities.
Marketing
We believe we enjoy broad appeal among fast casual customers, who place a high value on quality food, convenience to home and work, and a good value proposition. We compete with quick-serve alternatives
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We focus our marketing efforts on building brand awareness, increasing customer frequency and growing sales per visit. We believe awareness of the Cosí brand is primarily achieved through strong site location, word of mouth and public relations, as well as leveraging our catering capabilities to build corporate sales and support key marketing events for our brand. We have been featured or mentioned in over one thousand print publications including The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times and The Washington Post. Additionally, we have won Time Out New York’s award for New York’s Best Sandwich, “Hot Concept” by Nation’s Restaurant News and “Premier Concepts of Tomorrow” by Restaurant Hospitality Magazine.
We seek to maintain a pipeline of new menu segments and products, which are systematically introduced onto our menu in order to keep our product offerings relevant to consumers in each daypart. Our new menu introductions build on the successful Cosí platform of proprietary bread and coffee products offered across multiple dayparts. Successful introductions like CosíSquagels®, Cosí-dillasTM andWarm n’ Cosí MeltsTM have enabled us to maintain strong consumer interest.
Purchasing
We have relationships with some of the country’s leading food and paper providers to provide our restaurants with high quality proprietary food items at competitive prices. We source and negotiate prices directly with these suppliers and distribute these products to our restaurants through one distributor. Cosí does not utilize a commissary system and thus our expansion is not restricted by geographic proximity to commissary kitchens. Our inventory control system allows each restaurant to place orders electronically with our master distributor and then transmit the invoice electronically to our accounts payable system. Our scalable system eliminates duplicate work, and we believe gives our management tight control of costs while ensuring quality and consistency across all restaurants.
We purchase coffee through a single supplier. This supplier is required to maintain backup plans with respect to its commitments, and we may terminate our agreement with this supplier upon 180 days notice.
Our primary suppliers and master distributor, Maine’s Food and Paper Service, Inc., have parallel facilities and systems to minimize the risk of any disruption of our supply chain.
Competition
The restaurant industry is intensely competitive and we compete with many well-established food service companies, including other sandwich retailers, specialty coffee retailers, bagel shops, fast food restaurants, delicatessens, cafés, bars, take-out food service companies, supermarkets and convenience stores. The principal factors on which we compete are taste, quality and price of product offered, customer service, atmosphere, location and overall guest experience. Our competitors change with each of the five dayparts, ranging from coffee bars and bakery cafés in the morning daypart, to fast food restaurants and cafés during the lunch and afternoon dayparts, to casual dining chains during the dinner and dessert dayparts. Many of our competitors or potential competitors have substantially greater financial and other resources than we do which may allow them to react to changes in pricing, marketing and the quick service restaurant industry better than we can. We also compete with other employers in our markets for hourly workers and may be subject to higher labor costs. We believe that our concept, attractive price-value relationship and quality of products and service allows us to compete favorably with our competitors. Additionally, through our comprehensive site selection process and branded restaurant design we identify premier locations that increase customer convenience and are highly visible.
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Intellectual Property
We have the following US Trademark registrations: “COSÍ,” “Totally Toasted Almond Mocha,”“Mocha Kiss,” “Squagels,” “Xando,” our sun and moon logo,“Wake Up Call to Last Call,” “Symphony Blend,”“King of Hearts Blend,” “Xandwich,”“Generation XO,” and“Screamers.” We have US Trademark applications pending for: “Cosí Downtown,” “Warm n’ Cosí Melts” and“Cosí Corners,” and “Arctic” is an unregistered trademark.
We have registered the trademark “COSÍ” in seven foreign jurisdictions with respect to goods and services. We also have applications pending for registration for the trademark “COSÍ” in four other foreign jurisdictions.
Government Regulation
Our restaurants are subject to regulation by federal agencies and to licensing and regulation by state and local health, sanitation, building, zoning, safety, fire and other departments relating to the development and operation of restaurants. These regulations include matters relating to environmental, building, construction and zoning requirements and the preparation and sale of food and alcoholic beverages. Our facilities are licensed and subject to regulation under state and local fire, health and safety codes.
Many of our restaurants are required to obtain a license to sell alcoholic beverages on the premises from a state authority and, in certain locations, county and/or municipal authorities. Typically, licenses must be renewed annually and may be revoked or suspended for cause at any time. Alcoholic beverage control regulations relate to numerous aspects of the daily operations of each of our restaurants, including minimum age of patrons and employees, hours of operation, advertising, wholesale purchasing, inventory control and handling, and storage and dispensing of alcoholic beverages. We have not encountered any material problems relating to alcoholic beverage licenses to date. The failure to receive or retain a liquor license in a particular location could adversely affect that restaurant and our ability to obtain such a license elsewhere.
We are subject to “dram shop” statutes in the states in which restaurants are located. These statutes generally provide a person injured by an intoxicated person the right to recover damages from an establishment that wrongfully served alcoholic beverages to the intoxicated individual. We carry liquor liability coverage as part of our existing comprehensive general liability insurance, which we believe is consistent with coverage carried by other entities in the restaurant industry. Although we are covered by insurance, a judgment against us under a dram-shop statute in excess of our liability coverage could have a material adverse effect on us.
Our operations are also subject to federal and state laws governing such matters as wages, working conditions, citizenship requirements and overtime. Some states have set minimum wage requirements higher than the federal level. Significant numbers of hourly personnel at our restaurants are paid at rates related to the federal minimum wage and, accordingly, increases in the minimum wage will increase labor costs. We are also subject to the Americans With Disability Act of 1990, which, among other things, prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in public accommodations and employment. We are required to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act and regulations relating to accommodating the needs of the disabled in connection with the construction of new facilities and with significant renovations of existing facilities.
Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we are a defendant in litigation arising in the ordinary course of our business, including claims resulting from “slip and fall” accidents, claims under federal and state laws governing access to public accommodations, employment related claims and claims from guests alleging illness, injury or other food quality, health or operational concerns. To date, none of such litigation, some of which is covered by insurance, has had a material effect on us.
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MANAGEMENT
Executive Officers and Directors
The following contains information concerning our directors and executive officers:
Name | Age | Position | ||||
Andy Stenzler | 34 | Chairman and Chief Executive Officer | ||||
Jay Wainwright | 31 | President and Director | ||||
Nick Marsh | 33 | Chief Operating Officer and Director | ||||
Kenneth S. Betuker | 49 | Chief Financial Officer | ||||
David Orwasher | 42 | Chief Development Officer | ||||
Jamie Mattikow | 38 | Vice President of Marketing | ||||
Gilbert Melott | 38 | Vice President of People | ||||
Shep Wainwright | 29 | Vice President of Real Estate | ||||
James M. Riley, Jr. | 38 | Vice President of Store Development | ||||
Charles Gray | 30 | Vice President of Information Systems | ||||
Terry Diamond | 63 | Director | ||||
Creed L. Ford, III | 49 | Director | ||||
Eric Gleacher | 62 | Director | ||||
D. Ian McKinnon | 35 | Director | ||||
Jeffrey M. Stork | 46 | Director | ||||
Greg Woolley | 28 | Director |
Andy Stenzler, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Stenzler was a founder of our predecessor company, Xando Coffee and Bar in 1994, and was most recently Chairman and Co-Chief Executive Officer of that company prior to its merger with Cosí Sandwich Bar, Inc. in 1999. Mr. Stenzler currently serves as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Stenzler was named ‘40 under 40’ by Crain’s New York Business and listed ‘35 Under 35’ by New York Magazine. The Resident Publications’ recognized Mr. Stenzler as one of the ‘Big 100’ in their story on the 100 most influential New Yorkers. Additionally, he was featured in Smart Money Magazine and on the cover of Entrepreneur Magazine. In 2001, Mr. Stenzler was named a “Concept of Tomorrow” Visionary by Restaurant Hospitality magazine. He received a Bachelor of Engineering degree from the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor in 1990 and a Masters Degree in Business Administration in Finance and International Business from the Stern School of Business at New York University in 1994.
Jay Wainwright, President and Director. Mr. Wainwright, a founder of Cosí Sandwich Bar, Inc., served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of that entity from its inception in 1996 until its merger with Xando, Incorporated in 1999. Mr. Wainwright currently serves as President. Mr. Wainwright received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Hamilton College. Mr. Wainwright is the brother of Shep Wainwright and the nephew of Eric Gleacher.
Nick Marsh, Chief Operating Officer and Director. Mr. Marsh, a founder of Xando Coffee and Bar, served as President of that entity from its incorporation in 1994 until the merger with Cosí Sandwich Bar, Inc. in 1999. Mr. Marsh currently serves as Chief Operations Officer. Prior to founding Xando Coffee and Bar, Mr. Marsh was a management consultant with the strategy firm of Marakon Associates and was Vice President of Mergers and Acquisitions for Shawmut Bank in Hartford, Connecticut, for two years. Mr. Marsh graduated from Princeton University,cum laude, in 1990 with a Bachelor of Arts degree.
Kenneth S. Betuker, Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Betuker has served as Chief Financial Officer of Cosí since May 2000. Prior to joining Cosí, Mr. Betuker was the Chief Financial Officer at Noodle Kidoodle, Inc., from 1996 to May 2000, and the Chief Financial and Administrative Officer of First National Supermarkets, Inc. (a subsidiary of Royal Ahold, NV), from 1986 to 1996. Mr. Betuker graduated from Cleveland State
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David Orwasher, Chief Development Officer.Mr. Orwasher joined Cosí as Chief Development Officer in December 2001. From 1996 to 2000, Mr. Orwasher served as Vice President of Development and Asset Management for the Eastern U.S. for Starbucks Corporation where he helped build the real estate development and asset management organization and helped open over four hundred stores in numerous markets in the Eastern U.S. Prior to joining Cosí, from 2000 to 2001, he served as the Chief Development Officer for Zoots, a dry cleaning company founded by Tom Stemberg and Todd Krasnow of Staples, Inc. Before joining Starbucks, Mr. Orwasher spent five years as Associate Counsel and Director of Leasing and Brokerage for the Breslin Realty Development Corp., in addition to spending approximately five years with the real estate group at Marriott International, Inc. and two years with the Hershey Foods Corporation, Friendly Restaurant Division. Mr. Orwasher is a graduate of Vassar College, receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree in Environmental Science, and earned he a Juris Doctor degree from Pace University. He is a licensed attorney and is admitted to practice in the states of New York and Connecticut.
Jamie Mattikow, Vice President of Marketing. Mr. Mattikow has served as our Vice President of Marketing since May 2001. Prior to joining Cosí, Mr. Mattikow was Sr. Vice President of Marketing for Seagram Beverage Company, a division of Joseph E. Seagram and Sons Inc., from May 1998 to April 2001. From January 1992 to April 1998, he was with Kraft Foods, Inc., where he held positions ranging from Brand Manager and Marketing Director, to Category Business Director. Mr. Mattikow received a Masters Degree in Business Administration from Columbia University School of Business with a dual concentration in Finance and Marketing. He also received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Economics and Political Science from Lafayette College in 1986.
Gilbert Melott, Vice President of People. Mr. Melott has served as our Vice President of Human Resources and Training since December 2001. From December 1995 to November 2001, he was with Bennigan’s, as Executive Director of Training and as Vice President of People, Process and Education. Prior to joining Bennigan’s, Mr. Melott was a Division Director of Human Resources at Sheraton Holding Corporation in Boston and spent four years as Divisional Training and Development Manager at TGI Friday’s. Mr. Melott is a nationally recognized expert in generational workplace studies and recipient of Industry of Choice awards for achievement in training and education. Mr. Melott received a Bachelors of Science degree in Marketing and Organizational Communication from Fordham University in 1985.
Shep Wainwright, Vice President of Real Estate. Mr. Wainwright, a founder of Cosí Sandwich Bar, Inc., served as President of that entity from its inception in 1996 until the merger with Xando, Incorporated in 1999. Mr. Wainwright currently serves as Vice President of Real Estate. Mr. Wainwright graduated from Hamilton College,cum laude, in 1995 with a Bachelor of Arts degree. Mr. Wainwright is the brother of Jay Wainwright and the nephew of Eric Gleacher.
James M. Riley, Jr., Vice President of Store Development. Mr. Riley has served as our Vice President of Store Development since May 2000. Prior to joining Cosí, he was Chief Development Officer for Corners, Inc. from January 1998 to April 2000. Prior to joining Corners, Mr. Riley was with Boston Chicken, Inc. and Einstein Bros. Bagels, where he participated in opening over 200 locations. Mr. Riley has a Bachelors degree in Construction Management and Architectural Engineering from Wentworth Institute of Technology in Boston, Massachusetts.
Charles Gray, Vice President of Information Systems. Mr. Gray currently serves as our Vice President of Information Systems, and has been with Cosí since September 1998. Mr. Gray is a ten year veteran in the food service industry having served as Director of Training for RANCH *1, Inc. from 1996 to 1998, Director of Operation Services for Einstein Bros. Bagels from 1995 to 1996, and Assistant Director of Training for Boston Market Corporation from 1992 to 1995. Mr. Gray is a graduate of the State University of New York at Albany.
Terry Diamond, Director. Mr. Diamond, a director since April 1998, has served as Chairman of Talon Asset Management, which manages individual investment advisory accounts and is the sub-agent with
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Creed L. Ford, III, Director. Mr. Ford has been a director since March 1997. Mr. Ford has been Chairman and Co-Chief Executive Officer of Fired Up, Inc., the parent company of Johnny Carino’s Country Italian restaurants and Gumbo’s Louisiana Style Café since 1997, and the President of Ford Restaurant Group, a Chili’s Grill & Bar franchisee, since 1997. From 1976 through 1997, Mr. Ford served in various capacities at Brinker International, Inc., including Chief Operating Officer. As COO and Director, Mr. Ford oversaw all operations at Brinker for all of its restaurant concepts. Mr. Ford serves on the boards of Rudy’s BBQ, Texas Restaurant Association Education Foundation, Texas A&M Center of Entrepreneurship and Fired Up, Inc.
Eric Gleacher, Director. Mr. Gleacher has been a director since 1996 and has been Chairman of Gleacher Partners LLC since 1990. Mr. Gleacher founded the M&A department at Lehman Brothers Inc. in 1978 and headed Global Mergers and Acquisitions at Morgan Stanley from 1985 to 1990. He currently serves on the boards of the University of Chicago and New York University and is Secretary of the United States Golf Association. Mr. Gleacher received a Masters of Business Administration from the University of Chicago and a Bachelor of Arts from Northwestern University and served as a U.S. Marine Infantry Officer in the 1960s. Mr. Gleacher is the uncle of Jay and Shep Wainwright.
D. Ian McKinnon, Director. Mr. McKinnon has been a director since 2000, and is a Partner of Ziff Brothers Investments, L.L.C. He is also the President of ZBI Equities, L.L.C., ZBI’s domestic public equity investment adviser with several billion dollars under management. He currently also serves on the Board of Trustees of Occidental College. Mr. McKinnon received a Masters Degree in Business Administration from the Harvard Business School, with High Distinction as a George F. Baker Scholar. He graduatedsumma cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa from Occidental College, with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Public Policy.
Jeffrey M. Stork, Director. Mr. Stork has been a director since March 1995. Mr. Stork was most recently President and Chief Executive Officer of The StonCor Group from 1983 to 2000. Currently, Mr. Stork is the Managing Partner of Forms+Surfaces, LLC, a national architectural products manufacturer. He currently serves on the boards of Sequel Genetics, Inc. and Forms+Surfaces LLC. Mr. Stork earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Chemical Engineering from Lehigh University.
Greg Woolley, Director. Mr. Woolley has been a director since June 2001 and is Chief Executive Officer and a Director of the LJCB Investment Group. LJCB is one of Australia’s leading private investment houses. Prior to this, Mr. Woolley practiced mergers and acquisitions with Macquarie Bank Limited. Mr. Woolley currently serves on the Boards of Issues and Images, an Australian marketing communications company, and the Australian Museum of Contemporary Art. Mr. Woolley received a Bachelor of Commerce degree and a Bachelor of Law degree, with Honours, from the University of Tasmania.
Board of Directors
The board of directors currently consists of nine directors, three of whom are employed by Cosí. Our certificate of incorporation provides for our board to be divided into three classes of directors serving staggered three year terms. The terms of office of the directors will expire as follows: Andy Stenzler (Class I director) in 2005; Jay Wainwright (Class II director) in 2004; Nick Marsh (Class III director) in 2003; Terry Diamond (Class III director) in 2003; Creed Ford (Class II director) in 2004; Eric Gleacher (Class II director) in 2004; D. Ian McKinnon (Class I director) in 2005; Jeffrey Stork (Class I director) in 2005; and Greg Woolley (Class III director) in 2003.
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Board Committees
Compensation Committee. The compensation committee of our board of directors recommends, reviews and oversees the salaries, benefits and option plans for our employees, consultants and other individuals compensated by us. The members of the compensation committee are Ian McKinnon, Jeffrey Stork and Eric Gleacher.
Audit Committee. The audit committee of our board of directors reviews, acts on and reports to our board with respect to various auditing and accounting matters, including the recommendation of our auditors, the scope of our annual audits, fees to be paid to the auditors, evaluating the performance of our independent auditors and our accounting practices. The members of our audit committee are Jeffrey Stork, Creed Ford and Greg Woolley.
Nominating Committee. The nominating committee of our board of directors recommends to our board those individuals to be nominated as directors. The members of our nominating committee are Andy Stenzler, Creed Ford and Jeffrey Stork.
Compensation of Directors
We reimburse each director for travel and other related expenses incurred in attending meetings of the board of directors and committee meetings.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
The compensation committee of our board of directors is comprised of Ian McKinnon, Jeffrey Stork and Eric Gleacher. None of these individuals was at any time during the 2001 fiscal year or at any other time an officer or employee of Cosí. No executive officer of Cosí serves as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity which has one or more executive officers serving as a member of our board of directors or compensation committee.
Indemnification and Limitation of Director and Officer Liability
Pursuant to provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law, we have adopted provisions in our by-laws and our certificate of incorporation, which eliminate or limit the personal liability of directors to Cosí and its shareholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty. Our by-laws also allow us to indemnify our officers and someone serving at our request as a director, officer, employee, fiduciary or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law.
Executive Compensation
The following table sets forth information regarding the total compensation earned during 2001 by our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and each of our other four most highly compensated executive officers.
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Summary Executive Compensation Table
Long Term | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Compensation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Awards | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Annual Compensation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Annual | Underlying | All Other | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Officer | Year | Salary | Bonus | Compensation | Options | Compensation (a) | |||||||||||||||||||
Andy Stenzler | 2001 | $ | 137,500 | $ | 19,342 | — | 145,782 | — | |||||||||||||||||
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kenneth S. Betuker | 2001 | $ | 215,000 | $ | 9,383 | — | 99,465 | — | |||||||||||||||||
Chief Financial Officer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
James M. Riley, Jr. | 2001 | $ | 185,000 | $ | 5,578 | — | 68,096 | — | |||||||||||||||||
Vice President, Store Development | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Jay Wainwright | 2001 | $ | 137,500 | $ | 17,689 | — | 71,915 | — | |||||||||||||||||
President | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nick Marsh | 2001 | $ | 137,500 | $ | 19,342 | — | 145,782 | — | |||||||||||||||||
Chief Operating Officer |
(a) | The value of perquisites and benefits for each named officer does not exceed the lesser of $50,000 or 10% of total annual salary and bonus. |
Stock Options
Amended and Restated Cosí, Inc. Stock Incentive Plan
A total of 8,900,000 shares of our common stock have been reserved for issuance under the Amended and Restated Cosí, Inc. Stock Incentive Plan. Shares subject to any unexercised options granted under the plan, which have expired or terminated become available for issuance again under the plan. The plan provides for discretionary grants of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options and stock appreciation rights, or SARs, to our employees and consultants. The exercise price per share for an incentive stock option may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of a share of our common stock on the grant date. The exercise price per share for a nonqualified stock option may not be less than 85% of the fair market value of a share of our common stock on the grant date. The exercise price per share for an incentive stock option granted to a person owning stock possessing more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of our stock may not be less than 110% of the fair market value of a share of our common stock on the grant date. The aggregate fair market value, determined on the date of grant, of the shares with respect to which incentive stock options are exercisable for the first time during any calendar year under all Cosí plans may not exceed $100,000. Our compensation committee has full discretion to administer and interpret the plan, to adopt such rules, regulations and procedures as it deems necessary or advisable, and to determine the persons eligible to receive options or SARs, the time or times at which the options or SARs may be exercised, and whether all of the options or SARs may be exercised at one time or in increments.
We may elect at any time to cancel any option or SAR granted under the plan, and, in the case of an option, pay the holder of such option the excess of the fair market value of the shares subject to the option as of the date of such election to cancel over the exercise price set forth in the particular grant agreement, or, in the case of an SAR, the value of the SAR as of the date of such election. We also may elect at any time to convert any option granted under the plan to an SAR.
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1996 Cosí Sandwich Bar, Inc. Incentive Stock Option Plan
As of April 1, 2002, options to purchase approximately 274,000 shares of our common stock are outstanding under the Cosí Sandwich Bar, Inc. Incentive Stock Plan. Shares subject to any unexercised options granted under the plan, which have expired or terminated become available for issuance again under the plan. No stock options may be granted under the plan after October 1, 2001. The Cosí Sandwich Bar, Inc. Incentive Stock Plan provides for discretionary grants of incentive stock options to certain key employees. The exercise price per share for an option may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of a share of our common stock on the grant date. The exercise price per share for an incentive stock option granted to a person owning stock possessing more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of our stock may not be less than 110% of the fair market value of a share of our common stock on the grant date. To the extent that the aggregate fair market value of stock with respect to which incentive stock options are exercisable for the first time by an optionee during any calendar year (under this plan and all of our other incentive stock option plans or our subsidiaries) exceeds $100,000, such incentive stock option shall be treated as options which are not incentive stock options. In the event an optionee’s employment is terminated by us, other than for cause, such optionee may exercise any exercisable options under the plan for a period of 30 days. In the event an optionee’s employment is terminated by reason of death, such optionee may exercise any exercisable options under the plan for a period of 6 months. In the event an optionee’s employment is terminated by us for cause, all options held by such optionee are immediately cancelled and we may require such optionee to sell to us, at a sales price equal to the lesser of the exercise price and the fair market value of the underlying shares, all shares owned by the optionee which were acquired pursuant to this plan. The Cosí Sandwich Bar, Inc. Incentive Stock Option Plan is administered and interpreted by the board of directors.
Cosí Non-Employee Director Stock Option Plan
A total of 250,000 shares of our common stock have been reserved for issuance under the Cosí Non-Employee Director Stock Option Plan. Shares subject to any unexercised options granted under the plan, which have expired or terminated become available for issuance again under the plan. The Cosí Non-Employee Director Stock Option Plan provides for discretionary grants of non qualified stock options and SARs to our non-employee directors. The board of directors has full discretion to administer and interpret the plan and full discretionary authority to determine the non-employee directors eligible to receive options or SARs, the time or times at which the options or SARs may be exercised, and whether all of the options or SARs may be exercised at one time or in increments; provided, however, the purchase price of shares subject to a non-qualified stock option shall not be less than 85% of the fair market value of a share of our common stock on the grant date. Each optionee under the plan may exercise any unexpired options or SARs following a change in control of Cosí, a sale of substantially all of the assets of Cosí, or shareholder approval of the dissolution of Cosí.
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The following table shows information concerning stock options held by each of the officers named below as of April 1, 2002.
Option Grants in Last Fiscal Year
Potential Realizable | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Individual Grants | Value at Assumed | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Annual Rates of Stock | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of | % of Total | Price Appreciation for | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities | Options Granted | Exercise or | Option Term | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Underlying | to Employees in | Base Price | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Name | Options Granted | Fiscal Year | ($/Sh) | Expiration Date | 5% | 10% | |||||||||||||||||||
Andy Stenzler | 116,626 | 9.3 | % | $ | 12.25 | 12/31/11 | 870,954 | 2,191,788 | |||||||||||||||||
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kenneth S. Betuker | 70,894 | 5.7 | % | $ | 12.25 | 12/31/11 | 529,428 | 1,332,326 | |||||||||||||||||
Chief Financial Officer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
James M. Riley, Jr. | 22,382 | 1.8 | % | $ | 12.25 | 7/3/11 | 156,593 | 388,545 | |||||||||||||||||
Vice President | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Store Development | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Jay Wainwright | 42,759 | 3.4 | % | $ | 12.25 | 12/31/11 | 319,322 | 803,586 | |||||||||||||||||
President | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nick Marsh | 116,626 | 9.3 | % | $ | 12.25 | 12/31/11 | 870,954 | 2,191,788 | |||||||||||||||||
Chief Operating Officer |
Fiscal Year End Option Values
Common Shares | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Underlying | Value of Unexercised | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unexercised Options at | In-the-Money Options at | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of | Fiscal Year End | Fiscal Year End | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares Acquired | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Officer | on Exercise | Value Realized | Exercisable | Unexercisable | Exercisable | Unexercisable | |||||||||||||||||||
Andy Stenzler | — | — | 196,921 | 89,850 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kenneth S. Betuker | — | — | 5,715 | 122,322 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Chief Financial Officer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
James M. Riley | — | — | 16,952 | 50,856 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Vice President Store Development | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Jay Wainwright | — | — | 369,243 | 72,612 | |||||||||||||||||||||
President | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nick Marsh | — | — | 96,921 | 89,850 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Chief Operating Officer |
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Our Employee Stock Purchase Plan will become effective July 1, 2002. The purpose of the plan is to provide employees with an opportunity to purchase our shares through accumulated payroll deductions. The plan provides for the grant of stock options to eligible employees. Each employee will be eligible to participate in the plan commencing on the first day of the offering period (as described below) occurring on or after the date on which the employee has been employed by us for six months. The plan is administered by our compensation committee.
A total of 500,000 shares of common stock are authorized for issuance under the plan. Any eligible employee may elect to participate in the plan by authorizing our compensation committee to make payroll deductions to pay the exercise price of an option at the time and in the manner prescribed by our compensation committee. The employee may designate the amount of the payroll deduction in whole percentages, up to 10% of the employee’s compensation for each payroll period in an offering period. In no
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Executive Contracts, Change-In-Control and Other Arrangements
Employment contracts
We have entered into employment agreements with Messrs. Andy Stenzler, Jay Wainwright, Nick Marsh, Shep Wainwright and David Orwasher.
Andy Stenzler, Jay Wainwright, Nick Marsh and Shep Wainwright. The term of each agreement is for three years with each agreement expiring in 2005, subject to automatic one year extensions, unless we give such executive at least 180 days prior written notice of non-extension.
The agreements provide that we will pay Messrs. Stenzler, Jay Wainwright, Marsh and Shep Wainwright annual base salaries of $225,000, $175,000, $175,000 and $137,500, respectively, with annual increases as provided in the respective agreements. Each executive will be eligible to receive an annual cash bonus, with a target bonus potential equal to 50% of his respective base salary. Additionally, each executive will be granted annual options to purchase our common stock in accordance with our current compensation plan for senior management, with initial grant targets of 86,400 shares for each of Messrs. Stenzler, Jay Wainwright, Marsh, and Shep Wainwright.
The agreements may be terminated by us for “good cause” or by the executive voluntarily, and will automatically terminate upon such executive’s death, disability or retirement. If we do not extend an executive’s employment period beyond the third anniversary of the commencement date, or if the agreement is terminated by us without good cause, or if an executive terminates his employment for good reason, we must pay the executive (i) his then current annual base salary and, unless we do not extend the executive’s employment period beyond the third anniversary of the commencement date, non-incentive compensation and provide the executive with his then current benefits through the greater of two years or the date such executive’s employment agreement expires, and (ii) an amount equal to two times the cash bonus calculated at the greater of 50% of his then current annual base salary or the actual bonus earned by the executive for the directly preceding fiscal year, payable in bi-weekly installments over such period. All options held by the executive become 100% vested as of the date of termination. In addition, upon a change of control all outstanding stock options held by the executive shall automatically become fully vested, regardless of whether the executive terminates his employment.
If the executive’s employment agreement is terminated as a result of his death, disability or retirement, we are obligated to pay the executive (or his estate, as applicable) (i) his then current annual base salary, non-incentive compensation and employee benefits for a period of one year, and (ii) an amount equal to the executive’s cash bonus calculated at the greater of 50% of his then current annual base salary or the actual bonus earned by the executive for the directly preceding fiscal year, payable in equal each payday over such one year period. All options held by the executive become 100% vested upon the executive’s death, retirement or disability.
If any of the payments provided for in the executive’s employment agreement would be subject to an excise tax under the Internal Revenue Code, we are required to pay the executive the amount necessary to fund the payment of any excise tax the executive is required to pay as well as all income taxes imposed on
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In the event the executive’s employment is terminated for good cause or he voluntarily terminates employment, such executive will be subject to a non-compete agreement for a period of 24 months following the termination. During this 24 month period, the executive will not directly or indirectly, personally or with other employees, agents or otherwise, or on behalf of any other person, firm, or corporation, engage in any restaurant, bar, coffee shop or similar business within certain operating criteria and certain defined geographical regions.
David Orwasher.The term of the agreement is for three years expiring in 2005. Mr. Orwasher will receive a salary of $250,000 for fiscal year 2002, with annual increases as provided in the agreement. Mr. Orwasher is also entitled to an annual bonus of not less than 20% of his base salary. Mr. Orwasher’s annual cash bonus amount will increase based upon specific financial performance criteria for restaurants opened at real estate locations leased or acquired by Cosí during Mr. Orwasher’s term of employment.
After the second anniversary of Mr. Orwasher’s employment, he is entitled to receive annual stock option grants in the minimum amount of 62,500 shares, with annual increases as provided in the agreement. If Mr. Orwasher terminates his employment for “good reason” or we terminate his employment without “cause,” then all options granted to Mr. Orwasher become 100% vested as of the date of termination. Additionally, Mr. Orwasher will be entitled to receive the following: (i) any bonus payable pursuant to the agreement when and as it becomes due, (ii) a severance payment equal to one year’s gross salary and (iii) continuation of employee benefits for a period of one year. All stock options granted to Mr. Orwasher become 100% vested upon the sale of all or substantially all of the assets or transfer of control of Cosí.
If Mr. Orwasher’s employment agreement is terminated by us for “cause” all stock options granted to Mr. Orwasher pursuant to the employment agreement will terminate immediately. If Mr. Orwasher resigns (other than for “good reason”) or we terminate Mr. Orwasher for “cause,” death or disability, Mr. Orwasher will be entitled to receive all salary and bonuses due and owing to him to the date of termination, and, in the event of death or disability, any bonus payable pursuant to the employment agreement when and as it comes due.
Mr. Orwasher has the right to terminate his employment for “good reason” if there is a change of control or the business plan is substantially altered.
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PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS
The following table presents information regarding the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of April 1, 2002 by: (1) each person who beneficially owns more than 5% of our common stock; (2) each of our directors and the executive officers named in the summary compensation table contained elsewhere in this prospectus; and (3) all current executive officers and directors as a group. Beneficial ownership is determined under the rules of the SEC. These rules deem common stock subject to options or warrants currently exercisable, or exercisable within 60 days, to be outstanding for purposes of computing the percentage ownership of the person holding the options or of a group of which the person is a member, but they do not deem such stock to be outstanding for purposes of computing the percentage ownership of any other person or group. To our knowledge, except under applicable community property laws or as otherwise indicated, the persons named in the table have sole voting and sole investment control with regard to all shares beneficially owned. Except as otherwise indicated, the address for each of the named individuals is c/o Cosí, Inc., 242 West 36th Street, New York, New York 10018.
In the following table, percentage ownership for each shareholder before this offering is based on 11,011,197 shares of common stock outstanding as of April 1, 2002 which amount includes (i) 4,543,585 shares of common stock outstanding as of April 1, 2002, (ii) 1,146,162 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of Series A preferred stock (which will be converted effective upon consummation of this offering), and (iii) 5,321,450 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of Series C preferred stock (which will be converted effective upon consummation of this offering). Shares outstanding at April 1, 2002 excludes 1,675,938 shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days at a weighted average price of $9.07 per share. The percentage ownership for each shareholder after this offering also gives effect to the issuance of shares of our common stock in this offering.
Shares Beneficially Owned | |||||||||||||
Percent Owned | Percent Owned | ||||||||||||
prior to | after this | ||||||||||||
Name and Address | Number | this Offering(1) | Offering | ||||||||||
Andy Stenzler | 449,658 | (2) | 4.0 | % | |||||||||
Jay Wainwright | 466,895 | (3) | 4.1 | % | |||||||||
Nick Marsh | 449,658 | (4) | 4.0 | % | |||||||||
Kenneth S. Betuker | 5,715 | (5) | * | ||||||||||
James M. Riley, Jr. | 16,952 | (6) | * | ||||||||||
Terry Diamond | 6,849 | (7) | * | ||||||||||
Creed L. Ford, III | 268,908 | 2.4 | % | ||||||||||
Eric Gleacher | 551,833 | (8) | 5.0 | % | |||||||||
D. Ian McKinnon | — | — | |||||||||||
Jeffrey M. Stork | 772,821 | (9) | 7.0 | % | |||||||||
Greg Woolley | — | — | |||||||||||
LJCB Nominees Pty Ltd. | 825,350 | (10) | 7.5 | % | |||||||||
161 Collins Street Melbourne, Australia 3000 | |||||||||||||
Ziff Asset Management, L.P. | 1,707,233 | (11) | 15.5 | % | |||||||||
Ziff Brothers Investments 153 E. 53rd Street NY, NY 10022 | |||||||||||||
All directors and executive officers as a group (16 persons) | 2,987,841 | (12) | 29.9 | % |
* | Less than one percent. |
(1) | With respect to each person, percentage ownership is calculated by dividing the number of shares beneficially owned by such person by the sum of the number of outstanding shares at such date and the number of shares such person has the right to acquire upon exercise of options currently exercisable, or exercisable within 60 days. | |
(2) | Includes (i) 4,081 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of Series A preferred stock (which will be converted effective upon consummation of this offering), (ii) 314 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants at an exercise price of $.01 per share, and (iii) 96,921 |
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shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options at a weighted average price of $12.25 per share. | ||
(3) | Includes 369,243 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options at a weighted average price of $6.27 per share. | |
(4) | Includes (i) 4,081 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of Series A preferred stock (which will be converted effective upon consummation of this offering), (ii) 314 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants at an exercise price of $.01 per share, and (iii) 96,921 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options at a weighted average price of $12.25 per share. | |
(5) | Includes 5,715 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options at a weighted average price of $12.25 per share. | |
(6) | Includes 16,952 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options at a weighted average price of $12.25 per share. | |
(7) | Includes (i) 4,081 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of Series A preferred stock owned by Mr. Diamond’s wife, (ii) 314 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants at an exercise price of $.01 per share owned by Mr. Diamond’s wife, (iii) 2,069 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of Series C preferred stock owned by his wife, and (iv) 385 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants at an exercise price of $.01 per share owned by the Diamond Family Foundation. | |
(8) | Includes (1) 139,515 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of Series C preferred stock (which will be converted effective upon consummation of this offering) and (ii) 14,126 shares of common stock owned by Mr. Gleacher’s wife, Anne. | |
(9) | Includes (i) 250,116 shares of common stock held by JDS Partners (Mr. Stork is a managing member of JDS Partners), (ii) 14,285 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of Series A preferred stock and 28,571 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of Series A preferred stock held by JDS Partners (which will be converted effective upon consummation of this offering), and (iii) 1,099 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants at an exercise price of $.01 per share, and 2,198 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants at an exercise price of $.01 per share held by JDS Partners and 60,150 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of Series C preferred stock (which will be converted effective upon consummation of this offering). |
(10) | Includes 825,350 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of Series C preferred stock (which will be converted effective upon consummation of this offering). |
(11) | Includes 1,613,318 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of Series C preferred stock (which will be converted effective upon consummation of this offering) and (ii) 19,228 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants at an exercise price of $.01 per share. |
(12) | These 16 persons include all directors and executive officers detailed in the “Management” section above. See notes 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 above. Includes 11,832 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options held by Charles Gray at a weighted average exercise price of $12.25 per share and 369,243 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options with a weighted average exercise price of $6.27 per share. |
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RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
A member of Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft is the father of our President and our Vice President of Real Estate. Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft has acted as our outside counsel since October 1999. In fiscal year 2001, the law firm received legal fees and reimbursement of expenses from us in the amount of $70,825. We engage London Misher Public Relations, Inc., a public relations firm that is partially owned by the wife of our Chief Executive Officer. This firm provides us with public relations services, for which we paid approximately $146,000 in fiscal 2001. Our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Operating Officer each issued promissory notes to us in the amount of $1,362,400, each due in 2005, which accrue interest at an annual rate of 5.75%, in connection with each executive’s purchase of 119,771 shares of our preferred shares in 1998. Each share of preferred stock has subsequently been converted into one share of common stock.
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DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
Our certificate of incorporation authorizes the issuance of up to 100,000,000 shares of common stock and 40,000,000 shares of preferred stock, 1,000,000 of which are designated as Series D preferred stock, and 39,000,000 shares of which the rights and preferences may be established from time to time by our board of directors. Upon completion of this offering, based on the number of shares outstanding as of April 1, 2002, shares of common stock and no shares of preferred stock will be outstanding. As of April 1, 2002, we had approximately 291 record shareholders.
Common Stock
Holders of common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held on all matters submitted to a vote of shareholders and do not have cumulative voting rights. Thus, holders of a majority of the shares of common stock entitled to vote in any election of directors may elect all of the directors standing for election. Holders of common stock are entitled to receive ratably any dividends that may be declared by our board of directors out of funds legally available for dividends, subject to any preferential dividend rights of outstanding preferred stock. If we liquidate, dissolve or wind up, the holders of common stock are entitled to receive ratably all of our assets available after payment of all debts and other liabilities, subject to the prior rights of any outstanding preferred stock. Holders of common stock have no preemptive, subscription, redemption or conversion rights or any rights to share in any sinking fund. The rights, preferences and privileges of the holders of common stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of shares of any series of preferred stock that we may designate and issue in the future.
Preferred Stock
Our certificate of incorporation authorizes the issuance of up to 40,000,000 shares of preferred stock from time to time in one or more series and with terms of each series stated in our board’s resolutions providing for the designation and issue of that series. Our certificate also authorizes the board of directors to fix, state and express the powers, rights, designations, preferences, qualifications, limitations and restrictions, and dividend, voting, conversion and redemption rights pertaining to each series of preferred stock that we issue. Without seeking any shareholder approval, our board of directors may issue preferred stock with voting and other rights that could adversely affect the voting power of the holders of our common stock and could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control. Other than the issuance of the series of preferred stock previously authorized by the board of directors in connection with the shareholder rights plan described below, we have no present plans to issue any shares of preferred stock.
Stock Purchase Warrants
Warrants to purchase 182,157 shares of our common stock were outstanding as of April 1, 2002, 146,352 of which have an exercise price of $.01 per share (35,880 of which will be cancelled in connection with the prepayment of our senior subordinated notes), 33,279 of which have an exercise price of $14.88 per share, and 2,526 of which have an exercise price of $16.63 per share. All of these warrants provide for anti-dilution adjustments in the event of stock splits, stock dividends, sales by us of our stock at, or issuance of options or warrants containing an exercise price of, less than fair market value or merger, consolidation, recapitalization or similar transactions. All of the holders of these warrants are entitled to participate in any dividends declared upon shares of our common stock (other than dividends payable solely in shares of common stock) as if these holders had fully exercised such warrants.
Registration Rights
We have granted registration rights to certain holders of shares of our common stock under the terms of the Amended and Restated Registration Agreement dated as of March 30, 1999, by and among us and Ziff Asset Management, L.P., LBJ Capital, L.P., Talon Opportunity Fund, L.P., Howard Babcock, Robert Burnstine, Jamie Diamond Schwartz, Jennifer Diamond, John Diamond, Marilyn Diamond, Michael Warsh, Frances Tuite, Chancellor Private Capital Partners III, L.P., Chancellor Private Capital Offshore Partners II,
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Anti-Takeover Provisions of Our Certificate of Incorporation, By-laws and Shareholder Rights Plan
General
The provisions of our certificate of incorporation, by-laws and shareholder rights plan, and Delaware statutory law described in this section may delay or make it more difficult for someone to acquire us without the approval of our board. These provisions could have the effect of discouraging third parties from making acquisition proposals although such proposals, if made, might be considered desirable by a majority of our stockholders. These provisions may also have the effect of making it more difficult for third parties to cause the replacement of our current management without the concurrence of our board.
Classified Board of Directors
The certificate of incorporation provides for our board (other than those directors elected solely by any series of preferred stock created by resolution of our board) to be divided into three classes of directors serving staggered three year terms. As a result, approximately one-third of our board will be elected each year. See “Management — Directors”.
We believe a classified board will help to assure the continuity and stability of our board, and our business strategies and policies as determined by our board, because a majority of the directors at any given time will have prior experience as our directors. This provision should also help to ensure that our board, if confronted with an unsolicited proposal from a third party that has acquired a block of our voting stock, will have sufficient time to review the proposal and appropriate alternatives and to seek the best available result for all stockholders.
This provision could prevent a party who acquires control of a majority of the outstanding voting stock from obtaining control of our board until the second annual stockholders’ meeting following the date the acquiror obtains the controlling stock interest, could have the effect of discouraging a potential acquiror from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us and could thus increase the likelihood that incumbent directors will retain their positions.
Number of Directors; Removal; Vacancies
Our certificate of incorporation and by-laws provide that the number of directors shall not be less than 3 nor more than 15 and, except as may be provided in the terms of any series of preferred stock created by
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These provisions, in conjunction with the provision of the certificate of incorporation authorizing our board to fill vacant directorships, could prevent stockholders from removing incumbent directors without cause and filling the resulting vacancies with their own nominees.
No Stockholder Action by Written Consent; Special Meetings
Our certificate of incorporation provides that, except as may be provided in the terms of any series of preferred stock created by resolution of our board, stockholder action can be taken only at an annual or special meeting of stockholders and cannot be taken by written consent in lieu of a meeting. Our certificate of incorporation also provides that special meetings of stockholders can only be called by the Chairman of the Board or by the Secretary pursuant to a resolution approved by a majority of our board then in office. Stockholders are not permitted to call a special meeting of stockholders.
Approval of Certain Business Combinations
Our certificate of incorporation requires that certain business combinations with a “Related Person” (as such term is defined in our certificate of incorporation) be approved by the affirmative vote of 80% of our outstanding shares generally entitled to vote for the election of directors, unless (i) the business combination has been approved by two-thirds of the board of directors; or (ii) the amount of consideration to be received in the business combination by the holders of common stock or any class or series of outstanding voting stock, other than common stock, shall be equal to the greater of: (i) the highest per share price paid by the Related Person for any shares of our stock acquired within the prior two years; or (ii) the fair market value (as such term is defined in our certificate of incorporation) of our common stock.
Advance Notice for Raising Business or Making Nominations at Meetings
Our by-laws establish an advance notice procedure with regard to stockholder proposals and nominations of individuals for election to the board of directors. In general, notice of a stockholder proposal or a director nomination for an annual meeting must be delivered to us at our executive offices not less than 120 days nor more than 150 days before the date of the anniversary of the last annual stockholders’ meeting (unless the meeting is to be held more than 30 days in advance of such anniversary date, in which event the stockholder proposal or director nomination shall be delivered to us no later than the close of business on the 10th day following the day on which notice of the meeting was given) and must contain specified information and conform to certain requirements, as set forth in our by-laws. Notice of a director nomination for a special meeting must be received by us no later than the 10th day following the day on which notice of the date of a special meeting of stockholders was given. If the presiding officer at any stockholders’ meeting determines that a stockholder proposal or director nomination was not made in accordance with the by-laws, we may disregard such proposal or nomination.
The notice of any nomination for election as a director must set forth the name, age, business and residence address of the person or persons to be nominated; the business experience during the past five years of such person or persons; including the person’s principal occupation or employment during such period, the name and principal business of any corporation or other organization in which such occupation or employment was carried on, and such other information as to the nature of the persons responsibilities and level of professional competence as may be sufficient to permit assessment of the person’s prior business experience, the class or series and number of shares of our capital stock beneficially owned by the person and
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Amendments to By-Laws
Our certificate of incorporation provides that our board or the holders of at least 66 2/3% of the voting power of all shares of our capital stock then entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class, have the power to amend or repeal our by-laws.
Amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation
Any proposal to amend, alter, change or repeal any provision of our certificate of incorporation, except as may be provided in the terms of any preferred stock created by resolution of our board and which relate to such series of preferred stock, requires approval by the affirmative vote of both a majority of the members of our board then in office and a majority vote of the voting power of all of the shares of our capital stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class. However, any proposal to amend, alter, change or repeal the provisions of our certificate of incorporation relating to (1) the classification of our board, (2) removal of directors, (3) the prohibitions on stockholder action by written consent or stockholder calls for special meetings, (4) amendment of by-laws, or (5) amendment of the certificate of incorporation requires approval by the affirmative vote of 66 2/3% of the voting power of all of the shares of our capital stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class; except in the case of any proposal to amend, alter, change or repeal the provision of our certificate of incorporation relating to business combinations which requires approval by the affirmative vote of 80% of the voting power of all of the shares of our capital stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class.
Preferred Stock and Additional Common Stock
Under the certificate of incorporation, our board will have the authority to provide by resolution for the issuance of shares of one or more series of preferred stock. Our board is authorized to fix by resolution the terms and conditions of each such other series. See“Description of Capital Stock — Preferred Stock”.
We believe that the availability of our preferred stock, in each case issuable in series, and additional shares of common stock could facilitate certain financings and acquisitions and provide a means for meeting other corporate needs which might arise. The authorized shares of our preferred stock, as well as authorized but unissued shares of common stock will be available for issuance without further action by our stockholders, unless stockholder action is required by applicable law or the rules of any stock exchange on which any series of our stock may then be listed, or except as may be provided in the terms of any preferred stock created by resolution of our board.
These provisions give our board the power to approve the issuance of a series of preferred stock, or additional shares of common stock, that could, depending on its terms, either impede or facilitate the completion of a merger, tender offer or other takeover attempt. For example, the issuance of new shares of preferred stock might impede a business combination if the terms of those shares include voting rights which would enable a holder to block business combinations or, alternatively, might facilitate a business combination if those shares have general voting rights sufficient to cause an applicable percentage vote requirement to be satisfied.
Moreover, the Series D preferred stock is issuable under the circumstances provided for in the rights agreement upon exercise of the rights. See“— Shareholder Rights Plan”.
Delaware Business Combination Statute
Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, or the DGCL, provides that, subject to certain exceptions specified therein, an “interested stockholder” of a Delaware corporation may not engage in any
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Shareholder Rights Plan
Each holder of a share of our common stock has the right to purchase from us one one-hundredth ( 1/100) of a share of our Series D preferred stock, $.01 par value per share, at a price of $100 per one one-hundredth of a Series D preferred share. The exercise price and the number of Series D preferred shares issuable upon exercise are subject to adjustments from time to time to prevent dilution. The share purchase rights are not exercisable until the earlier to occur of (1) 10 days following a public announcement that a person or group of affiliated or associated persons, referred to as an acquiring person, have acquired beneficial ownership of 15% or more of our outstanding voting common stock or (2) 10 business days following the commencement of, or announcement of an intention to make, a tender offer or exchange offer which would result in an acquiring person beneficially owning 15% or more of our outstanding voting shares of common stock.
If we are acquired in a merger or other business combination, or if more than 50% of our consolidated assets or earning power is sold after a person or group has become an acquiring person, proper provision will be made so that each holder of a share purchase right — other than share purchase rights beneficially owned by the acquiring person, which will thereafter be void — will have the right to receive, upon exercise of the share purchase right at the then current exercise price, the number of shares of common stock of the acquiring company which at the time of the transaction have a market value of two times the exercise price. If any person or group becomes an acquiring person, proper provision shall be made so that each holder of a share purchase right — other than share purchase rights beneficially owned by the acquiring person, which will thereafter be void — will have the right to receive upon exercise of the share purchase right at the then current exercise price, the number of shares of Series D preferred stock with a market value at the time of the transaction equal to two times the exercise price.
Series D preferred shares issuable upon exercise of the share purchase rights will not be redeemable. Each Series D preferred share will be entitled to a minimum preferential dividend payment of $.10 per share and will be entitled to an aggregate dividend of 100 times the cash dividend declared per share of common stock. In the event we liquidate, the holders of the Series D preferred shares will be entitled to receive a payment in an amount equal to the greater of $100 per one one-hundredth share or 100 times the payment made per share of common stock. Each Series D preferred share will have 100 votes, voting together with the
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Before the date the share purchase rights are exercisable, the share purchase rights may not be detached or transferred separately from the common stock. The share purchase rights will expire in 2012, or, if the share purchase rights become exercisable before 2012, at the close of business on the 90th day following such date the share purchase right become exercisable, provided that our board of directors does not extend or otherwise modify the right. At any time on or prior to 10 business days following the time an acquiring person acquires beneficial ownership of 15% or more of our outstanding voting common stock, our board of directors may redeem the share purchase rights in whole, but not in part, at a price of $.01 per share purchase right. Immediately upon any share purchase rights redemption, the exercise rights terminate, and the holders will only be entitled to receive the redemption price. A more detailed description and terms of the share purchase rights are set forth in a rights agreement between Cosí and , as rights agent. This rights agreement could have the effect of discouraging tender offers or other transactions that might otherwise result in our shareholders receiving a premium over the market price for their common stock.
Indemnification and Limitations on Liability of Directors and Officers
Our by-laws provide for indemnification of directors to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law. Our certificate of incorporation, to the extent permitted by Delaware law, eliminates or limits the personal liability of directors to Cosí and its shareholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty. Such indemnification may be available for liabilities arising in connection with this offering. To the extent that limitation of liability or indemnification for liabilities under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling us under the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that, in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable. Our by-laws also allow us to indemnify our officers to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law. Our by-laws obligate us, under certain circumstances, to advance expenses to our directors and officers in defending an action, suit or proceeding for which indemnification may be sought. We also can indemnify someone serving at our request as a director, officer, employee, fiduciary or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against these liabilities.
Our by-laws also provide that we have the power to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was one of our directors, officers, employees or agents against any liability asserted against that person or incurred by that person in these capacities, whether or not we would have the power to indemnify that person against these liabilities under Delaware law. We maintain insurance on behalf of all of our directors and executive officers.
Other Matters
American Stock Transfer and Trust Company is the transfer agent and registrar for our common stock.
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CERTAIN U.S. FEDERAL INCOME AND ESTATE TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The following is a general summary of certain U.S. federal income and estate tax considerations with respect to your acquisition, ownership and disposition of common stock if you are a Non-U.S. Holder. A “Non-U.S. Holder” is a beneficial owner of common stock that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is not:
• | an individual who is a citizen or resident of the U.S.; | |
• | a corporation or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes created or organized in or under the laws of the U.S. or of any political subdivision of the U.S.; | |
• | an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or | |
• | a trust, if a court within the U.S. is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust. |
The tax treatment of a partner in a partnership generally will depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. If you are a partnership or a partner in a partnership that is considering the purchase of common stock, you should consult your tax advisor regarding the particular tax consequences to you.
This summary does not address all of the U.S. federal income tax considerations that may be relevant to you in light of your particular circumstances. This discussion is limited to Non-U.S. Holders that hold our common stock as a capital asset. In addition, this summary does not deal with holders that are subject to special treatment under U.S. federal income tax laws (such as insurance companies, tax-exempt organizations, financial institutions, brokers, dealers in securities, certain U.S. expatriates, and Non-U.S. Holders that hold our common stock as part of a “straddle,” “hedge,” “conversion transaction,” “synthetic security,” or other integrated investment). This summary does not discuss any aspects of state, local or non-U.S. taxation. This summary is based on current provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, U.S. Treasury regulations, judicial opinions, published positions of the Internal Revenue Service, and all other applicable authorities, all as in effect as of the date of this prospectus and all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect.
We urge prospective investors to consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal, state, local, and non-U.S. income and other tax considerations of acquiring, holding and disposing of shares of our common stock.
Dividends
As discussed under “Dividend Policy” above, we do not currently expect to pay dividends. In the event that we do pay dividends, any dividends we pay to you, as a Non-U.S. Holder, generally will be subject to U.S. withholding tax at a rate of 30% (or a lower rate prescribed by an applicable tax treaty) on the gross amount of the dividends unless the dividends are effectively connected with your conduct of a trade or business in the U.S. (or, if a tax treaty applies, attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment) and you provide us with an Internal Revenue Service Form W-8ECI (or appropriate substitute form).
For purposes of determining whether tax is to be withheld at a reduced rate under a tax treaty, you will be required to provide an Internal Revenue Service Form W-8BEN (or appropriate substitute form) certifying your entitlement to benefits under a treaty. In addition, where dividends are paid to a Non-U.S. Holder that is a partnership or other pass-through entity, persons holding an interest in the entity may need to provide the certification.
Dividends effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business (or, if a tax treaty applies, attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment) generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on net income basis, in the same manner as generally applied to U.S. persons. In addition, a “branch profits tax” may be imposed at a 30% rate (or a lower rate under an applicable tax treaty) on dividends received by a foreign corporation that are effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the U.S.
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Sale or Other Disposition of Our Common Stock
As a Non-U.S. Holder, you generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax, including any withholding thereof, on any gain realized upon the sale or other disposition of your shares of the common stock unless:
• | the gain is effectively connected with your conduct of a trade or business within the U.S. (or, if a tax treaty applies, is attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment); | |
• | you are an individual who is present in the U.S. for 183 days or more in the taxable year of disposition and you meet other requirements; or | |
• | we are or have been a “U.S. real property holding corporation” for U.S. federal income tax purposes and you hold or have held, directly or indirectly, at any time within the shorter of the five-year period preceding disposition or your holding period for the shares of common stock, more than 5% of our outstanding common stock. |
We do not believe that we are, have been or are likely to become a U.S. real property holding corporation. However, no assurance can be provided that we will not become a U.S. real property holding corporation.
Gain that is effectively connected with your conduct of a trade or business within the U.S. generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net income basis in the same manner as generally applied to U.S. persons (and if you are a corporation, the branch profits tax discussed above may also apply in some circumstances), but you will not be subject to withholding. If you are described in the second bullet point above, you generally will be subject to tax at a rate of 30% on the gain realized, although the gain may be offset by some U.S. source capital losses. You should consult any applicable income tax treaties that may provide for a lower rate of tax or other rules different from those described above.
Federal Estate Tax
Common stock actually or beneficially held by an individual who is a Non-U.S. Holder at the time of death will be included in the individual’s gross estate for U.S. federal estate tax purposes, unless an applicable estate tax or other treaty provides otherwise and, therefore, may be subject to U.S. federal estate tax. Estates of non-resident aliens are generally allowed a statutory credit that has the effect of offsetting the U.S. federal estate tax imposed on the first $60,000 of the taxable estate.
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
We must report annually to the Internal Revenue Service and to you the amount of dividends we pay to you and any tax we withhold. These reporting requirements apply regardless of whether withholding is reduced by an applicable tax treaty. Pursuant to applicable tax treaties or other agreements, this information also may be made available to the tax authorities in the country in which you reside or are established.
Additional U.S. information reporting requirements and backup withholding tax will generally apply to the dividends paid to you on the common stock at an address inside the U.S. and to payments to you of the proceeds of a sale of the common stock by a U.S. office of a broker unless you certify, under penalties of perjury, that you are not a U.S. person or otherwise establish an exemption. Backup withholding is imposed at a rate not to exceed 31%. Information reporting (but not backup withholding) generally will also apply to payments of the proceeds of sales of the common stock by non-U.S. offices of U.S. brokers, or non-U.S. brokers with some types of relationships with the U.S., unless you comply with certain certification procedures to establish that you are not a U.S. person or you otherwise establish an exemption.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding tax rules from a payment to you can be refunded or credited against your U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, if the required information is furnished to the Internal Revenue Service.
The foregoing discussion of U.S. federal income and estate tax considerations is not tax advice. Accordingly, each prospective Non-U.S. Holder of our common stock should consult that holder’s own tax adviser with respect to the federal, state, local and non-U.S. tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our common stock.
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SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our common stock. Future sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market could adversely affect market prices prevailing from time to time. Furthermore, since only a limited number of shares will be available for sale shortly after the offering because of certain contractual and legal restrictions on resale (as described below), sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market after such restrictions lapse could adversely affect the prevailing market price at such time and our ability to raise equity capital in the future.
Upon completion of this offering, we will have outstanding an aggregate of shares of common stock, assuming no exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option and no exercise of outstanding options to purchase our common stock. Of these shares, the shares of common stock to be sold in this offering will be freely tradable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act, unless such shares are held by our “affiliates,” as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act. These restricted shares may be sold in the public market only if registered or if they qualify for an exemption from registration under Rule 144 or Rule 701 promulgated under the Securities Act, which rules are summarized below. As a result of the contractual restrictions described below and the provisions of Rule 144 and Rule 701, these restricted shares will be available for sale in the public market as follows (based on the number of shares outstanding as of April 1, 2002): (i) restricted shares will be eligible for sale 90 days after the date of this prospectus; and (ii) all of the restricted shares will be available for sale in the public market upon expiration of the lock-up agreements 180 days after the date of this prospectus.
All of our officers and directors, and certain of our stockholders and option holders have agreed not to sell, make any short sale of, grant any option for the purchase of, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, any shares of common stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable for common stock held by such persons for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus, without the prior written consent of Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation.
In general, under Rule 144 as currently in effect, a person (or persons whose shares are aggregated), including an affiliate, who has beneficially owned shares for at least one year is entitled to sell, within any three-month period commencing 90 days after the date of this prospectus, a number of shares that does not exceed the greater of (i) 1% of the then outstanding shares of our common stock (approximately shares immediately after the offering) or (ii) the average weekly trading volume of our common stock on the Nasdaq National Market during the four calendar weeks preceding such sale, subject to the filing of a Form 144 with respect to such sale. Sales under Rule 144 are also subject to certain manner of sale provisions and notice requirements and to the availability of current public information about us. In addition, a person who is not deemed to have been an affiliate of ours at any time during the 90 days preceding a sale, and who has beneficially owned the shares proposed to be sold for at least two years, would be entitled to sell such shares under Rule 144(k) without regard to the requirements described above. Therefore, unless otherwise restricted, “144(k) shares” may be sold immediately following completion of the offering. In general, under Rule 701 of the Securities Act as currently in effect, any of our employees, consultants or advisors who purchased shares from us in connection with a compensatory stock or option plan or written employment agreement is eligible to resell such shares 90 days after the effective date of the offering in reliance on Rule 144, but without compliance with certain restrictions, including the holding period conditions, contained in Rule 144.
Within 90 days of the date of this prospectus, we intend to file a registration statement under the Securities Act to register shares of our common stock reserved for issuance under our equity incentive plans, thus permitting the resale of such shares by non-affiliates in the public market without restriction under the Securities Act. Such registration statements will become effective immediately upon filing. As of April 1, 2002, 6,058,042 options to purchase shares of our common stock were outstanding under our stock option plans and agreements, certain of which are subject to the lock-up agreements described above.
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UNDERWRITING
Under the terms and subject to the conditions contained in an underwriting agreement dated , 2002, we have agreed to sell to the underwriters named below, for whom Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation, Banc of America Securities LLC, U.S. Bancorp Piper Jaffray Inc., CIBC World Markets Corp. and William Blair & Company, L.L.C. are acting as representatives, the following respective numbers of shares of common stock:
Number | |||||
of Shares | |||||
Underwriter | |||||
Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation | |||||
Banc of America Securities LLC | |||||
U.S. Bancorp Piper Jaffray Inc. | |||||
CIBC World Markets Corp. | |||||
William Blair & Company, L.L.C. | |||||
Total | |||||
The underwriting agreement provides that the underwriters are obligated to purchase all the shares of common stock in the offering if any are purchased, other than those shares covered by the over-allotment option described below. The underwriting agreement also provides that if an underwriter defaults the purchase commitments of non-defaulting underwriters may be increased or the offering may be terminated.
We have granted to the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase on a pro rata basis up to additional shares at the initial public offering price less the underwriting discounts and commissions. The option may be exercised only to cover any over-allotments of common stock.
The underwriters propose to offer the shares of common stock initially at the public offering price on the cover page of this prospectus and to selling group members at that price less a selling concession of $ per share. The underwriters and selling group members may allow a discount of $ per share on sales to other broker/dealers. After the initial public offering the underwriters may change the public offering price and concession and discount to broker/dealers.
The following table summarizes the compensation and estimated expenses we will pay:
Per Share | Total | |||||||||||||||
Without | With | Without | With | |||||||||||||
Over-allotment | Over-allotment | Over-allotment | Over-allotment | |||||||||||||
Underwriting Discounts and Commissions paid by us | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
Expenses payable by us | $ | $ | $ | $ |
The representatives have informed us that they do not expect discretionary sales to exceed 5% of the shares of common stock being offered.
We have agreed that we will not offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly, or file with the Securities and Exchange Commission a registration statement under the Securities Act relating to, any shares of our common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for any shares of our common stock, or publicly disclose the intention to make any offer, sale, pledge, disposition or filing, without the prior written consent of Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus, except issuances pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options outstanding on the date hereof.
Our officers and directors and certain shareholders and option holders (representing % of our outstanding shares of common stock) have agreed that they will not offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of our common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for any shares of our common stock, enter into a transaction that would have the same effect, or enter into any swap, hedge or other arrangement that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of our common stock, whether any of these transactions are to be settled by delivery of our common stock or other securities, in cash or otherwise, or publicly disclose the
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The underwriters have reserved for sale at the initial public offering price up to shares of the common stock for employees, directors and other persons associated with us who have expressed an interest in purchasing common stock in the offering. The number of shares available for sale to the general public in the offering will be reduced to the extent these persons purchase the reserved shares. Any reserved shares not so purchased will be offered by the underwriters to the general public on the same terms as the other shares.
We have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against liabilities under the Securities Act, or contribute to payments that the underwriters may be required to make in that respect.
We have applied to list the shares of common stock on The Nasdaq Stock Market’s National Market under the symbol “COSI.”
In February 2002, 20 principals and one vice president of William Blair & Company, L.L.C. purchased 93,897 shares of our Series C preferred stock.
In connection with the offering the underwriters may engage in stabilizing transactions, over-allotment transactions, syndicate covering transactions, penalty bids and passive market making in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act.
• | Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying security so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum. | |
• | Over-allotment involves sales by the underwriters of shares in excess of the number of shares the underwriters are obligated to purchase, which creates a syndicate short position. The short position may be either a covered short position or a naked short position. In a covered short position, the number of shares over-allotted by the underwriters is not greater than the number of shares that they may purchase in the over-allotment option. In a naked short position, the number of shares involved is greater than the number of shares in the over-allotment option. The underwriters may close out any covered short position by either exercising their over-allotment option and/or purchasing shares in the open market. | |
• | Syndicate covering transactions involve purchases of the common stock in the open market after the distribution has been completed in order to cover syndicate short positions. In determining the source of shares to close out the short position, the underwriters will consider, among other things, the price of shares available for purchase in the open market as compared to the price at which they may purchase shares through the over-allotment option. If the underwriters sell more shares than could be covered by the over-allotment option, a naked short position, the position can only be closed out by buying shares in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that there could be downward pressure on the price of the shares in the open market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase in the offering. | |
• | Penalty bids permit the representatives to reclaim a selling concession from a syndicate member when the common stock originally sold by the syndicate member is purchased in a stabilizing or syndicate covering transaction to cover syndicate short positions. | |
• | In passive market making, market makers in the common stock who are underwriters or prospective underwriters may, subject to limitations, make bids for or purchases of our common stock until the time, if any, at which a stabilizing bid is made. |
These stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids may have the effect of raising or maintaining the market price of our common stock or preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of the common stock. As a result the price of our common stock may be higher than the price that might otherwise exist in the open market. These transactions may be effected on The Nasdaq National Market and, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time.
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A prospectus in electronic format may be made available on the web sites maintained by one or more of the underwriters participating in this offering. The representatives may agree to allocate a number of shares to underwriters for sale to their online brokerage account holders. Internet distributions will be allocated by the underwriters that will make internet distributions on the same basis as other allocations.
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NOTICE TO CANADIAN RESIDENTS
Resale Restrictions
The distribution of the common stock in Canada is being made only on a private placement basis exempt from the requirement that we prepare and file a prospectus with the securities regulatory authorities in each province where trades of common stock are made. Any resale of the common stock in Canada must be made under applicable securities laws which will vary depending on the relevant jurisdiction, and which may require resales to be made under available statutory exemptions or under a discretionary exemption granted by the applicable Canadian securities regulatory authority. Purchasers are advised to seek legal advice prior to any resale of the common stock.
Representations of Purchasers
By purchasing common stock in Canada and accepting a purchase confirmation a purchaser is representing to us and the dealer from whom the purchase confirmation is received that;
• | the purchaser is entitled under applicable provincial securities laws to purchase the common stock without the benefit of a prospectus qualified under those securities laws; | |
• | where required by law, that the purchaser is purchasing as principal and not as agent; and | |
• | the purchaser has reviewed the text above under Resale Restrictions. |
Rights of Action — Ontario Purchasers Only
Under Ontario securities legislation, a purchaser who purchases a security offered by this prospectus during the period of distribution will have a statutory right of action for damages, or while still the owner of the shares, for rescission against us in the event that this prospectus contains a misrepresentation. A purchaser will be deemed to have relied on the misrepresentation. The right of action for damages is exercisable not later than the earlier of 180 days from the date the purchaser first had knowledge of the facts giving rise to the cause of action and three years from the date on which payment is made for the shares. The right of action for rescission is exercisable not later than 180 days from the date on which payment is made for the shares. If a purchaser elects to exercise the right of action for rescission, the purchaser will have no right of action for damages against us. In no case will the amount recoverable in any action exceed the price at which the shares were offered to the purchaser and if the purchaser is shown to have purchased the securities with knowledge of the misrepresentation, we will have no liability. In the case of an action for damages, we will not be liable for all or any portion of the damages that are proven to not represent the depreciation in value of the shares as a result of the misrepresentation relied upon. These rights are in addition to, and without derogation from, any other rights or remedies available at law to an Ontario purchaser. The foregoing is a summary of the rights available to an Ontario purchaser. Ontario purchasers should refer to the complete text of the relevant statutory provisions.
Enforcement of Legal Rights
All of our directors and officers as well as the experts named herein may be located outside of Canada and, as a result, it may not be possible for Canadian purchasers to effect service of process within Canada upon us or those persons. All or a substantial portion of our assets and the assets of those persons may be located outside of Canada and, as a result, it may not be possible to satisfy a judgment against us or those persons in Canada or to enforce a judgment obtained in Canadian courts against us or those persons outside of Canada.
Taxation and Eligibility for Investment
Canadian purchasers of common stock should consult their own legal and tax advisors with respect to the tax consequences of an investment in the common stock in their particular circumstances and about the eligibility of the common stock for investment by the purchaser under relevant Canadian legislation.
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PRICING OF THIS OFFERING
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our common stock. Consequently, the initial public offering price for our common stock has been determined by negotiation among us and the representatives of the underwriters. Among the primary factors considered in determining the public offering price were:
• | prevailing market conditions; | |
• | our results of operations in recent periods; | |
• | the present stage of our development; | |
• | the market capitalizations and stages of development of other companies that we and the representatives of the underwriters believe to be comparable to our business; and | |
• | estimates of our business potential. |
LEGAL MATTERS
Certain legal matters with respect to the validity of common stock offered hereby will be passed upon for us by Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft, New York, New York. A member of Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft beneficially owned 55,438 shares, representing 0.57% of our common stock prior to this offering. Certain matters relating to the common stock will be passed upon for the Underwriters by Dewey Ballantine LLP, New York, New York.
EXPERTS
The consolidated statements of operations, redeemable securities and stockholders’ equity and cash flows (including the related financial statement schedule) of Cosí, Inc. (formerly Xando Cosí, Inc.) for the year ended January 3, 2000, appearing in this prospectus and registration statement, have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent auditors, as set forth in their reports thereon appearing elsewhere herein and are included in reliance upon such reports given upon the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
The financial statements and schedules for fiscal 2001 and 2000 included in this prospectus and elsewhere in the registration statement have been audited by Arthur Andersen LLP, independent public accountants, as indicated in their reports with respect thereto, and are included herein in reliance upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing in giving said reports.
On May 23, 2001 Cosí appointed Arthur Andersen LLP to replace Ernst & Young LLP as its principal accountants. The reports of Ernst & Young LLP on the fiscal 1999 financial statements of Cosí did not contain an adverse opinion or disclaimer of opinion, nor were they qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope or accounting principles. The decision to change accountants was approved by Cosí’s Board of Directors. There were no disagreements with the former accountants during fiscal 2000 or preceding their replacement on any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure or auditing scope or procedures, which disagreements, if not resolved to the former accountants’ satisfaction, would have caused them to make reference to the subject matter of the disagreement in connection with their reports.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-1 that we have filed with the SEC covering the shares of common stock that Cosí is offering. This prospectus does not contain all of the information presented in the registration statement, and you should refer to that registration statement with its exhibits for further information. Statements in this prospectus describing or summarizing any contract or other document are not complete, and you should review the copies of those documents filed as exhibits to the registration statement for more detail. You may read and copy the registration statement at the SEC’s Public Reference
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After this offering, we will be required to file annual, quarterly, and current reports, proxy and information statements and other information with the SEC. You can review this information at the SEC’s Public Reference Room or on the SEC’s web site, as described above.
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COSI, INC.
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
INDEX
Page | |||||
Report of Independent Public Accountants | F-2 | ||||
Report of Independent Auditors | F-3 | ||||
Consolidated Financial Statements: | |||||
Consolidated Balance Sheets at January 1, 2001, December 31, 2001 and April 1, 2002 | F-4 | ||||
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended January 3, 2000, January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2001 and for the three months ended April 2, 2001 and April 1, 2002 | F-5 | ||||
Consolidated Statements of Redeemable Securities and Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2001 and January 1, 2001 and for the three months ended April 1, 2002 | F-6 | ||||
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended January 3, 2000, January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2001 and for the three months ended April 2, 2001 and April 1, 2002 | F-7 | ||||
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | F-8 |
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
To Cosi, Inc.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Cosi, Inc. and subsidiaries (formerly Xando Cosi, Inc., a Delaware corporation) as of January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2001, and the related consolidated statements of operations, redeemable securities and stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Cosi, Inc. as of January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2001, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
/s/ Arthur Andersen LLP |
Melville, New York
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
The Board of Directors of Cosi, Inc.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of operations, redeemable securities and stockholders’ equity and cash flows of Cosi, Inc. (formerly Xando Cosi, Inc.) for the year ended January 3, 2000. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated results of operations and cash flows of Cosi, Inc. for the year ended January 3, 2000 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
/s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLP |
Stamford, Connecticut
F-3
Table of Contents
COSI, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
January 1, | December 31, | April 1, | ||||||||||||
2001 | 2001 | 2002 | ||||||||||||
(Unaudited) | ||||||||||||||
ASSETS | ||||||||||||||
CURRENT ASSETS: | ||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 5,062,872 | $ | 4,469,571 | $ | 12,568,005 | ||||||||
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $367,038, $219,845 and $231,244 | 1,964,547 | 1,198,786 | 815,917 | |||||||||||
Inventory | 910,873 | 1,403,806 | 1,452,814 | |||||||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 515,268 | 568,353 | 845,622 | |||||||||||
Total current assets | 8,453,560 | 7,640,516 | 15,682,358 | |||||||||||
PROPERTY, EQUIPMENT AND LEASEHOLD IMPROVEMENTS, net | 21,781,207 | 25,507,195 | 27,022,402 | |||||||||||
INTANGIBLE, SECURITY DEPOSITS AND OTHER ASSETS, net | 1,831,054 | 2,240,733 | 2,282,689 | |||||||||||
Total assets | $ | 32,065,821 | $ | 35,388,444 | $ | 44,987,449 | ||||||||
LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE SECURITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||||||||
CURRENT LIABILITIES: | ||||||||||||||
Accounts payable | $ | 3,824,415 | $ | 4,737,121 | $ | 2,374,497 | ||||||||
Accrued liabilities | 5,202,829 | 4,951,809 | 4,904,977 | |||||||||||
Current portion of other liabilities | 746,751 | 1,678,880 | 1,678,880 | |||||||||||
Current portion of capital lease obligations | 544,523 | 441,862 | 364,585 | |||||||||||
Current portion of long-term debt | 942,831 | 1,136,835 | 1,176,854 | |||||||||||
Total current liabilities | 11,261,349 | 12,946,507 | 10,499,793 | |||||||||||
OTHER LIABILITIES, net of current portion | 4,436,047 | 9,531,364 | 9,594,695 | |||||||||||
CAPITAL LEASE OBLIGATIONS, net of current portion | 604,636 | 135,236 | 58,405 | |||||||||||
LONG-TERM DEBT, net of current portion | 2,343,786 | 9,466,022 | 6,487,387 | |||||||||||
Total liabilities | 18,645,818 | 32,079,129 | 26,640,280 | |||||||||||
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 13) | ||||||||||||||
REDEEMABLE SECURITIES: | ||||||||||||||
Series A Convertible Preferred stock — $0.01 par value; 2,005,862 authorized, 1,146,206 issued and outstanding; aggregate liquidation preference of $17,338,870, $18,768,150 and $19,143,513, including accrued dividends of $3,297,836, $4,727,116 and $5,102,479, respectively | 16,663,989 | 18,318,205 | 18,749,802 | |||||||||||
Series C Convertible Preferred stock — $0.01 par value; 10,510,191 authorized, 2,695,917, 4,161,589 and 5,321,545 issued and outstanding, respectively; aggregate liquidation preference of $45,177,441, $75,524,713 and $92,299,485, including accrued dividends of $3,826,780, $8,807,592 and $10,298,087, respectively | 45,031,309 | 73,971,056 | 94,782,876 | |||||||||||
Total redeemable securities | 61,695,298 | 92,289,261 | 113,532,678 | |||||||||||
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT): | ||||||||||||||
Common stock — $.01 par value: 30,000,000 shares authorized, 4,503,869, 4,511,494 and 4,543,637 shares issued and outstanding, respectively | 45,039 | 45,115 | 45,436 | |||||||||||
Additional paid-in capital | 30,607,331 | 32,004,032 | 31,986,817 | |||||||||||
Stock subscriptions receivable | (2,974,804 | ) | (2,974,804 | ) | (2,974,804 | ) | ||||||||
Accumulated deficit | (75,952,861 | ) | (118,054,289 | ) | (124,242,958 | ) | ||||||||
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit) | (48,275,295 | ) | (88,979,946 | ) | (95,185,509 | ) | ||||||||
Total liabilities, redeemable securities and stockholders’ equity (deficit) | $ | 32,065,821 | $ | 35,388,444 | $ | 44,987,449 | ||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated balance sheets.
F-4
Table of Contents
COSI, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
For the Years Ended | For the Three Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||
January 3, | January 1, | December 31, | April 2, | April 1, | ||||||||||||||||||||
2000 | 2001 | 2001 | 2001 | 2002 | ||||||||||||||||||||
(unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
NET SALES | $ | 37,262,174 | $ | 51,222,818 | $ | 70,184,136 | $ | 15,855,850 | $ | 18,052,054 | ||||||||||||||
COST OF SALES: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of goods sold | 10,838,564 | 13,843,992 | 18,791,711 | 4,205,619 | 4,853,441 | |||||||||||||||||||
Restaurant operating expenses | 22,236,154 | 32,172,860 | 45,114,495 | 9,976,081 | 11,126,978 | |||||||||||||||||||
TOTAL COST OF SALES | 33,074,718 | 46,016,852 | 63,906,206 | 14,181,700 | 15,980,419 | |||||||||||||||||||
GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES | 14,024,240 | 14,774,234 | 18,361,511 | 3,735,134 | 4,620,306 | |||||||||||||||||||
DEPRECIATION AND AMORTIZATION | 3,155,186 | 6,158,146 | 6,689,985 | 2,021,879 | 1,210,250 | |||||||||||||||||||
RESTAURANT PRE-OPENING EXPENSES | 661,356 | 1,409,497 | 1,438,783 | 253,600 | 111,361 | |||||||||||||||||||
PROVISION FOR LOSSES ON ASSET IMPAIRMENTS AND DISPOSALS | 4,208,708 | 5,847,545 | 8,486,309 | 90,445 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
MERGER COSTS AND RELATED EXPENSES | 8,958,748 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
LEASE TERMINATION COSTS | 3,437,146 | 477,266 | 6,410,759 | 578,245 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
STOCK COMPENSATION | 4,512,571 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
Operating loss | (34,770,499 | ) | (23,460,722 | ) | (35,109,417 | ) | (5,005,153 | ) | (3,870,282 | ) | ||||||||||||||
INTEREST INCOME | 478,635 | 441,350 | 340,453 | 60,699 | 29,922 | |||||||||||||||||||
INTEREST EXPENSE | (206,182 | ) | (210,655 | ) | (654,379 | ) | (98,394 | ) | (387,874 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Net loss | (34,498,046 | ) | (23,230,027 | ) | (35,423,343 | ) | (5,042,848 | ) | (4,228,234 | ) | ||||||||||||||
PREFERRED STOCK DIVIDENDS | (2,561,237 | ) | (4,219,684 | ) | (6,678,085 | ) | (1,312,694 | ) | (1,960,435 | ) | ||||||||||||||
NET LOSS ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON STOCK | $ | (37,059,283 | ) | $ | (27,449,711 | ) | $ | (42,101,428 | ) | $ | (6,355,542 | ) | $ | (6,188,669 | ) | |||||||||
PER SHARE DATA: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net Loss Per Share: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Basic and diluted | $ | (8.79 | ) | $ | (6.09 | ) | $ | (9.34 | ) | $ | (1.41 | ) | $ | (1.37 | ) | |||||||||
Pro Forma basic and diluted (Note 16) | $ | (3.77 | ) | $ | (0.41 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Weighted Average Common Shares | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Outstanding: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Actual | 4,214,677 | 4,503,862 | 4,507,237 | 4,504,077 | 4,527,566 | |||||||||||||||||||
Pro Forma (Note 16) | 9,400,508 | 10,415,340 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.
F-5
Table of Contents
COSI, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF REDEEMABLE SECURITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Redeemable Securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Series A Convertible | Series B Convertible | Series C Convertible | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Preferred Stock | Preferred Stock | Preferred Stock | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of | Number of | Number of | Redeemable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
BALANCE, December 28, 1998 | 1,142,124 | $ | 13,705,739 | 261,521 | $ | 2,974,804 | — | $ | — | $ | 16,680,543 | ||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of preferred stock | 4,082 | 50,000 | (261,521 | ) | (2,974,804 | ) | 1,343,668 | 19,987,062 | 17,062,258 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Conversion of preferred stock | — | — | — | — | (74,687 | ) | (1,155,415 | ) | (1,155,415 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of warrants | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Costs of preferred stock issuance | — | — | — | — | — | (128,113 | ) | (128,113 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Compensation relating to stock option | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Compensation relating to subscriptions receivable | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Accrued preferred stock dividend | — | 1,137,944 | — | — | — | 1,177,005 | 2,314,949 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Accretion of preferred stock to liquidation value | — | 224,936 | — | — | — | 21,352 | 246,288 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
BALANCE, January 3, 2000 | 1,146,206 | 15,118,619 | — | — | 1,268,981 | 19,901,891 | 35,020,510 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of Series C convertible preferred stock, net of issuance costs | — | — | — | — | 1,426,936 | 22,455,104 | 22,455,104 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Accrued preferred stock dividend | — | 1,320,434 | — | — | — | 2,649,775 | 3,970,209 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Accretion of preferred stock to liquidation value | — | 224,936 | — | — | — | 24,539 | 249,475 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
[Additional columns below]
[Continued from above table, first column(s) repeated]
Common Stock | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Additional | Stock | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of | Paid-In | Subscriptions | Accumulated | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares | Amount | Capital | Receivable | Deficit | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
BALANCE, December 28, 1998 | 3,770,895 | $ | 37,709 | $ | 17,759,062 | $ | (2,974,804 | ) | $ | (11,443,867 | ) | $ | 3,378,100 | ||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock | 396,711 | 3,967 | 4,119,976 | — | — | 4,123,943 | |||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of preferred stock | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
Conversion of preferred stock | 336,209 | 3,362 | 4,126,858 | — | — | 4,130,220 | |||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of warrants | — | — | 88,230 | — | — | 88,230 | |||||||||||||||||||
Costs of preferred stock issuance | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
Compensation relating to stock option | — | — | 4,412,458 | — | — | 4,412,458 | |||||||||||||||||||
Compensation relating to subscriptions receivable | — | — | 100,113 | — | — | 100,113 | |||||||||||||||||||
Accrued preferred stock dividend | — | — | — | — | (2,314,949 | ) | (2,314,949 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Accretion of preferred stock to liquidation value | — | — | — | — | (246,288 | ) | (246,288 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Net loss | — | — | — | — | (34,498,046 | ) | (34,498,046 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
BALANCE, January 3, 2000 | 4,503,815 | 45,038 | 30,606,697 | (2,974,804 | ) | (48,503,150 | ) | (20,826,219 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Issuance of Series C convertible preferred stock, net of issuance costs | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
Accrued preferred stock dividend | — | — | — | — | (3,970,209 | ) | (3,970,209 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Accretion of preferred stock to liquidation value | — | — | — | — | (249,475 | ) | (249,475 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock | 54 | 1 | 634 | — | — | 635 | |||||||||||||||||||
Net loss | — | — | — | — | (23,230,027 | ) | (23,230,027 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Table of Contents
BALANCE, January 1, 2001 | 1,146,206 | 16,663,989 | — | — | 2,695,917 | 45,031,309 | 61,695,298 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of Series C convertible preferred stock, net of issuance costs | — | — | — | — | 1,465,672 | 23,915,878 | 23,915,878 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of warrants | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Noncash compensation expense | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Accrued preferred stock dividend | — | 1,429,280 | — | — | — | 4,980,812 | 6,410,092 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Accretion of preferred stock to liquidation value | — | 224,936 | — | — | — | 43,057 | 267,993 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
BALANCE, December 31, 2001 | 1,146,206 | 18,318,205 | — | — | 4,161,589 | 73,971,056 | 92,289,261 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of Series C convertible preferred stock, net of issuance costs | — | — | — | — | 942,629 | 15,669,907 | 15,669,907 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of warrants | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Accrued preferred stock dividend | — | 375,363 | — | — | — | 1,490,495 | 1,865,858 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Accretion of preferred stock to liquidation value | — | 56,234 | — | — | 38,343 | 94,577 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Conversion of senior subordinated debt to Series C Convertible Preferred Stock (Note 16) | — | — | — | — | 217,327 | 3,613,075 | 3,613,075 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
BALANCE, April 1, 2002 (unaudited) | 1,146,206 | $ | 18,749,802 | — | $ | — | 5,321,545 | $ | 94,782,876 | $ | 113,532,678 | ||||||||||||||||||
[Additional columns below]
[Continued from above table, first column(s) repeated]
BALANCE, January 1, 2001 | 4,503,869 | 45,039 | 30,607,331 | (2,974,804 | ) | (75,952,861 | ) | (48,275,295 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Issuance of Series C convertible preferred stock, net of issuance costs | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of warrants | — | — | 1,098,469 | — | — | 1,098,469 | |||||||||||||||||||
Noncash compensation expense | — | — | 231,631 | — | — | 231,631 | |||||||||||||||||||
Accrued preferred stock dividend | — | — | — | — | (6,410,092 | ) | (6,410,092 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Accretion of preferred stock to liquidation value | — | — | — | — | (267,993 | ) | (267,993 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock | 7,625 | 76 | 66,601 | — | — | 66,677 | |||||||||||||||||||
Net loss | — | — | — | — | (35,423,343 | ) | (35,423,343 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
BALANCE, December 31, 2001 | 4,511,494 | 45,115 | 32,004,032 | (2,974,804 | ) | (118,054,289 | ) | (88,979,946 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Issuance of Series C convertible preferred stock, net of issuance costs | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of warrants | — | — | 61,407 | 61,407 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Accrued preferred stock dividend | — | — | — | — | (1,865,858 | ) | (1,865,858 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Accretion of preferred stock to liquidation value | — | — | — | — | (94,577 | ) | (94,577 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Conversion of senior subordinated debt to Series C Convertible Preferred Stock (Note 16) | — | — | (429,865 | ) | — | — | (429,865 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock | 32,143 | 321 | 351,243 | — | 351,564 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss | — | — | — | — | (4,228,234 | ) | (4,228,234 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
BALANCE, April 1, 2002 (unaudited) | 4,543,637 | $ | 45,436 | $ | 31,986,817 | $ | (2,974,804 | ) | $ | (124,242,958 | ) | $ | (95,185,509 | ) | |||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.
F-6
Table of Contents
COSI, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the Years Ended | For the Three Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||
January 3, | January 1, | December 31, | April 2, | April 1, | ||||||||||||||||||||
2000 | 2001 | 2001 | 2001 | 2002 | ||||||||||||||||||||
(Unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss | $ | (34,498,046 | ) | $ | (23,230,027 | ) | $ | (35,423,343 | ) | $ | (5,042,848 | ) | $ | (4,228,234 | ) | |||||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 3,155,186 | 6,158,146 | 6,689,985 | 2,021,879 | 1,210,250 | |||||||||||||||||||
Asset impairments and disposals | 12,410,599 | 5,847,545 | 9,933,142 | 59,701 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
Writedown of financing charges | 88,230 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
Provision for bad debts | 306,925 | 73,330 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
Stock compensation expense | 4,512,571 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accounts receivable | (245,598 | ) | (1,653,944 | ) | 765,761 | (219,301 | ) | 382,869 | ||||||||||||||||
Inventory | (108,841 | ) | (397,048 | ) | (492,934 | ) | (66,278 | ) | (49,007 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Other assets | — | 667,935 | (409,413 | ) | 5,309 | (41,956 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Accounts payable | (925,196 | ) | 2,282,931 | 918,150 | (1,929,135 | ) | (2,362,623 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Accrued liabilities | 2,099,059 | 2,358,273 | (255,229 | ) | (392,582 | ) | (46,811 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Accrued merger and integration | 639,300 | (639,300 | ) | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
Accrued contractual lease increases | 831,784 | 628,401 | 825,772 | 216,931 | 190,577 | |||||||||||||||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | (242,815 | ) | (198,203 | ) | (53,084 | ) | (157,142 | ) | (277,270 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Lease termination accrual | 3,437,146 | (437,146 | ) | 5,201,674 | 578,245 | (127,267 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Net cash used in operating activities | (8,539,696 | ) | (8,539,107 | ) | (12,299,519 | ) | (4,925,221 | ) | (5,349,472 | ) | ||||||||||||||
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchases of property, equipment and leasehold improvements | (13,795,532 | ) | (18,161,055 | ) | (20,350,590 | ) | (5,418,893 | ) | (2,725,456 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Payments made for security deposits | (224,775 | ) | (186,693 | ) | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
Payments made for intangible and other assets | (721,991 | ) | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
Net cash used in investing activities | (14,742,298 | ) | (18,347,748 | ) | (20,350,590 | ) | (5,418,893 | ) | (2,725,456 | ) | ||||||||||||||
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Proceeds from issuance of common stock | 4,123,943 | 635 | 66,677 | 5,082 | 351,564 | |||||||||||||||||||
Net proceeds from issuance of preferred stock | 18,408,949 | 22,455,104 | 24,147,494 | 15,072,740 | 15,669,907 | |||||||||||||||||||
Proceeds from bridge financing notes | 1,500,000 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
Principal payments on capital lease obligations | (237,981 | ) | (303,783 | ) | (572,060 | ) | (116,775 | ) | (154,110 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Proceeds from long-term debt | — | 2,998,977 | 9,269,213 | — | 772,557 | |||||||||||||||||||
Principal payments on long-term debt | (21,740 | ) | (186,947 | ) | (854,516 | ) | (149,426 | ) | (466,556 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Net cash provided by financing activities | 23,773,171 | 24,963,986 | 32,056,808 | 14,811,621 | 16,173,362 | |||||||||||||||||||
Net increase (decrease) in cash | 491,177 | (1,922,869 | ) | (593,301 | ) | 4,467,507 | 8,098,434 | |||||||||||||||||
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of year | 6,494,564 | 6,985,741 | 5,062,872 | 5,062,872 | 4,469,571 | |||||||||||||||||||
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of year | $ | 6,985,741 | $ | 5,062,872 | $ | 4,469,571 | $ | 9,530,379 | $ | 12,568,005 | ||||||||||||||
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash paid during the year for: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest | $ | 117,952 | $ | 220,492 | $ | 466,764 | $ | 98,394 | $ | 88,751 | ||||||||||||||
Corporate franchise and income taxes | $ | 68,111 | $ | 7,931 | $ | 277,198 | $ | 80,337 | $ | 14,585 | ||||||||||||||
Non-cash financing transactions: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Assets acquired under capital leases | $ | 915,799 | $ | 134,678 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||||||||
Conversion of Senior Subordinated Debt to Series C Preferred | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 3,183,210 | ||||||||||||||
Conversion of Warrants to Series C Preferred | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 429,864 | ||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.
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COSI, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Description and Organization of Business
Cosi, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company” or “Cosi”), formerly known as Xando Cosi, Inc., engages in the business of operating restaurants, which sell high-quality coffees and sandwiches along with a variety of coffee beverages, teas, baked goods and alcoholic beverages. As of December 31, 2001, the Company had 67 restaurants in operation in Connecticut, New York, the District of Columbia, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Massachusetts, Virginia, Illinois, New Jersey, Michigan, Ohio and Wisconsin.
On October 4, 1999, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company merged with Cosi Sandwich Bar, Inc. (“Cosi SB”). The merger was accounted for as a pooling of interests (Note 3).
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Fiscal Year End
The Company’s fiscal year ends on the Monday closest to December 31. Fiscal years 1999, 2000 and 2001 ended on January 3, 2000, January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2001, respectively. Fiscal 1999 contained 53 weeks and fiscal 2000 and 2001 each contained 52 weeks.
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all short-term liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. At December 31, 2001 and January 1, 2001, $1.4 million and $2.8 million, respectively, was invested primarily in commercial paper and money market accounts and is classified as cash and cash equivalents in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash deposits and accounts receivable. The Company places its cash deposits in FDIC insured financial institutions, commercial paper and money market funds. Cash deposits may exceed FDIC insured levels from time to time.
The Company’s accounts receivable consist principally of receivables from trade or “house” accounts representing corporate customers, as well as amounts due from certain landlords for tenant improvement reimbursements. The Company has established credit procedures, whereby analyses are performed to control the granting of credit to customers.
Inventory
Inventory is stated at the lower of cost (first in, first out method) or market, and consists principally of whole bean coffee, liquor, sandwich ingredients and packaging and related food supplies.
Property, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements are stated at cost and include improvements and costs incurred in the development and construction of new restaurants and remodels, equipment and leasehold improvements. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives, which
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
range from two to fifteen years. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the term of the related leases.
Restaurant Impairment Charges
In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 121, “Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed Of,” impairment losses are recorded on long-lived assets on a restaurant by restaurant basis whenever impairment factors are determined to be present. The Company considers a history of restaurant operating losses to be its primary indicator of potential impairment for individual restaurant locations. The Company has identified certain units that have been impaired, and recorded charges of approximately $4.2 million (related to seven restaurants), $5.8 million (related to ten restaurants) and $7.2 million (related to fourteen restaurants, including $0.3 million for one restaurant damaged in the events of September 11, 2001 — See Note 15) in the statements of operations for fiscal years 1999, 2000 and 2001, respectively. The Company determines whether a restaurant location is impaired based on expected undiscounted cash flows, generally for the remainder of the lease term, and then determines the impairment charge based on discounted cash flows for the same period.
Intangibles, Security Deposits and Other Assets
Intangibles and other assets consist of expenditures associated with obtaining liquor licenses, trademarks and logos. Liquor licenses are stated at cost which, in the aggregate, is not in excess of market. Certain of the liquor licenses have unlimited lives provided that they are renewed annually and, accordingly, the costs of those liquor licenses are not amortized. Security deposits primarily consist of deposits placed on leased locations. Amortization expense related to intangibles and other assets amounted to approximately $27,000, $8,400 and $9,400, for fiscal years 1999, 2000 and 2001, respectively.
The Company reviews intangible assets for impairment, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of those assets may not be recoverable. Management believes that there is no impairment with respect to such intangible assets at December 31, 2001 or January 1, 2001.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes”. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.
Revenue Recognition
The Company records revenue at the time of the purchase of its products by its customers.
In December 1999, the SEC staff released Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 101, “Revenue Recognition,” which provides guidance on the recognition, presentation and disclosure of revenue in financial statements. SAB No. 101 explains the SEC staff’s general framework for recognizing revenue and specific criteria to be met, along with required disclosures related to revenue recognition. Adoption of SAB No. 101 in fiscal 2000 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of its operations.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company accounts for financial instruments in accordance with SFAS No. 107, “Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments”. The carrying value of all financial instruments reflected in the accompanying balance sheet approximates fair value at January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2001.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company complies with the disclosure-only provisions of SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation”. This statement establishes financial accounting and reporting standards for stock-based employee compensation plans. The provisions of SFAS No. 123 encourage entities to adopt a fair value based method of accounting for stock compensation plans; however, these provisions also permit the Company to continue to measure compensation costs under pre-existing accounting pronouncements. Pursuant to SFAS No. 123, the Company has elected to continue the accounting set forth in Accounting Principles Board (“APB”) Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees” and to provide the necessary pro forma disclosures (Not 11).
In March 2000, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) released Interpretation No. 44, “Accounting for Certain Transactions involving Stock Compensation: an Interpretation of APB Opinion 25”. Interpretation No. 44 provides clarification of certain issues, such as the determination of who is an employee, the criteria for determining whether a plan qualifies as a non-compensatory plan, the accounting consequences of various modifications to the terms of a previously fixed stock option award and the accounting for an exchange of stock compensation awards in a business combination. The Company believes that its practices are in conformity with this guidance and, accordingly, the adoption of the provisions of Interpretation No. 44 did not have a material impact on its financial statements.
Net Loss Per Share
The Company follows the provisions of SFAS No. 128, “Earnings Per Share”. In accordance with this statement, basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common shareholders (after deducting preferred stock dividends) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares and dilutive common share equivalents, if any, outstanding. For all periods presented, the impact of all common share equivalents has not been included, as their inclusion would be anti-dilutive. See Note 16 for a description of the calculation of pro forma net loss per share for fiscal 2001.
Segment Disclosures
The Company has adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 131, “Disclosures About Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information”. Pursuant to this pronouncement, operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available and is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources in assessing performance. Management of the Company considers its operations to be in the food service industry and, as a result, the Company has one single reporting operating unit with all sales historically generated in the United States.
Pre-Opening Costs
All costs incurred prior to the opening of a location, which consist primarily of salaries and other direct expenses incurred with the initial setup of restaurants and certain costs related to remodels, employee training and general restaurant management, are expensed as incurred.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Advertising Costs
Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and approximated $206,000, $177,000 and $141,000 for fiscal years 1999, 2000, 2001, respectively.
Comprehensive Income
The Company follows the provisions of SFAS No. 130, “Reporting Comprehensive Income”, which requires companies to report all changes in equity during a period, except those resulting from investment by owners and distributions to owners, for the period in which they are recognized. Comprehensive (loss) income is the total of net (loss) income and all other nonowner changes in equity (or other comprehensive income), such as unrealized gains or losses on securities classified as available-for-sale, foreign currency translation adjustments and minimum pension liability adjustments. Comprehensive income must be reported on the face of the consolidated statements of operations or the consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity. The Company’s operations did not give rise to items includable in comprehensive income that were not already in its net loss for fiscal years 1999, 2000 and 2001. Accordingly, the Company’s comprehensive loss is the same as its net loss for all periods presented.
Reclassifications
Certain items in the financial statements presented have been reclassified to conform to the fiscal 2001 presentation.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In June 1998, the FASB issued SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” which establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts, and for hedging activities. SFAS No. 133, as amended by SFAS No. 137 and SFAS No. 138, is effective for all fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2000 and will not require retroactive restatement of prior period financial statements. This statement requires the recognition of all derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities in the balance sheet, measured at fair value. Derivative instruments will be recognized as gains or losses in the period of change. The adoption of SFAS No. 133 during fiscal 2001 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of its operations.
In July 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141, “Business Combinations” and No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets”. SFAS 141 requires all business combinations initiated after June 30, 2001 to be accounted for using the purchase method. Under SFAS 142, goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives are no longer amortized but are reviewed annually (or more frequently if impairment indicators arise) for impairment. Separable intangible assets that are not deemed to have indefinite lives will continue to be amortized over their useful lives (but with no maximum life) adoption of these standards in fiscal 2002 will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements, principally because the Company’s significant business combination (Note 3) was accounted for under the pooling-of-interests method of accounting in which no goodwill was recorded. The Company’s intangibles consist of expenditures associated with obtaining liquor licenses, trademarks and logos. These identifiable intangibles have indefinite lives and, accordingly, will no longer be amortized effective January 1, 2002 upon adoption of this Statement.
In June 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 143, “Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations”. This statement addresses financial and reporting obligations associated with the retirement of tangible long-lived assets and the associated asset retirement costs. It applies to legal obligations associated with the retirement of long-lived assets that result from acquisition, construction, development and/or the normal operation of a long-lived asset, except for certain obligations of lessees. This statement is effective for financial statements
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
issued for fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2002. The Company believes adoption of SFAS 143 will not have a material effect on its financial position or results of operations.
In August 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets”. SFAS 144 supercedes SFAS 121 and APB Opinion No. 30, “Reporting Results of Operations- Reporting the Effects of Disposal of a Segment of a Business, and Extraordinary, Unusual and Infrequently Occurring Events and Transactions.” This statement retains the fundamental provisions of SFAS 121 for recognition and measurement of impairment, but amends the accounting and reporting standards for segments of a business to be disposed of. The provisions of this statement are required to be adopted no later than fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2001. The Company is currently evaluating the effects of this statement, which the Company does not believe will have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of its operations.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results may differ from those estimates.
3. Merger and Related Costs
On October 4, 1999, Cosi SB merged with and into a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. As a result of the merger, Cosi SB became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. The former Cosi SB shareholders were entitled to receive 6.4211 shares of the Company’s common stock for each share of Cosi SB common stock. As a result, Cosi SB shareholders received 2,088,624 shares of the Company’s common stock. In addition, outstanding Cosi SB stock options were converted at the same exchange factor into options to purchase approximately 1,035,384 shares of the Company’s common stock. The merger was intended to qualify as a tax-free reorganization and was accounted for under the pooling-of-interests accounting method.
In connection with the merger, the Company recorded costs and expenses of approximately $894,000, principally for legal and accounting services. Additionally, the Company wrote down the book value of certain property, equipment and leaseholds with a net book value of approximately $8.1 million to recognize an impairment due to facility consolidation and renovation and reconfiguration of certain restaurant locations.
Costs incurred to recognize certain severance, systems integration and relocation amounted to approximately $812,000 during fiscal 1999.
For fiscal 1999 revenues and net loss of Xando and Cosi included in the financial statements are as follows:
Fiscal Year 1999 | |||||
Revenues: | |||||
Xando | $ | 16,626,158 | |||
Cosi | 20,636,016 | ||||
$ | 37,262,174 | ||||
Net Loss: | |||||
Xando | $ | (27,418,618 | ) | ||
Cosi | (7,079,428 | ) | |||
$ | (34,498,046 | ) | |||
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
4. Accounts Receivable, net
Accounts receivable, net, consists of the following:
January 1, | December 31, | |||||||
2001 | 2001 | |||||||
Accounts receivable, trade | $ | 828,095 | $ | 657,102 | ||||
Reimbursements due from landlords | 1,360,539 | 482,548 | ||||||
Other | 142,951 | 278,981 | ||||||
2,331,585 | 1,418,631 | |||||||
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts | (367,038 | ) | (219,845 | ) | ||||
Accounts receivable | $ | 1,964,547 | $ | 1,198,786 | ||||
5. Property, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements consist of the following:
January 1, | December 31, | |||||||
2001 | 2001 | |||||||
Leasehold improvements | $ | 18,825,166 | $ | 23,216,827 | ||||
Furniture and fixtures | 4,306,431 | 6,279,777 | ||||||
Restaurant equipment | 3,843,848 | 6,455,154 | ||||||
Computer and telephone equipment | 4,146,204 | 5,600,702 | ||||||
Construction in progress | 588,914 | 181,252 | ||||||
31,710,563 | 41,733,712 | |||||||
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization | (9,929,356 | ) | (16,226,517 | ) | ||||
$ | 21,781,207 | $ | 25,507,195 | |||||
Depreciation and amortization expense for fiscal years 1999, 2000 and 2001 was $3,128,172, $6,131,888 and $6,680,585, respectively.
6. Accrued Liabilities
Accrued liabilities consists of the following:
January 1, | December 31, | |||||||
2001 | 2001 | |||||||
Payroll and related benefits and taxes | $ | 1,060,734 | $ | 2,043,941 | ||||
Professional and legal costs | 232,600 | 188,581 | ||||||
Taxes payable | 321,119 | 473,022 | ||||||
Other | 3,588,376 | 2,246,265 | ||||||
$ | 5,202,829 | $ | 4,951,809 | |||||
7. Long-Term Debt
Notes Payable
The Company maintains a credit facility in the original amount of $3 million under a Master Loan and Security Agreement dated October 28, 1999 (the “Equipment Loan Credit Facility”). The proceeds are required to be used for the purchases of equipment. Borrowings are secured by the equipment purchased.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Each borrowing under the Equipment Loan Credit Facility is payable over 36 months and the interest rate is determined at the time of the borrowing. Warrants to purchase shares of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock were issued in connection with the Credit Facility. The warrants entitle the holder to acquire 8,068 shares of the Company’s Series C Convertible Preferred Stock for $14.875 per share. As of December 31, 2001, there were two notes payable outstanding under the Equipment Loan Credit Facility. The note payable due September 1, 2003 requires monthly payments of $35,949, which commenced in October 2000, and accrues interest at a rate of 9.10% per annum. The note payable due December 1, 2003 requires monthly payments of $58,361, which commenced in December 2001, and accrues interest at a rate of 8.50% per annum.
In addition to the monthly payments, the Company is required to pay loan fees of $113,738 and $186,158, respectively, which are due September 1, 2003 and December 1, 2003, respectively. The Company is amortizing these loan fees as additional interest expense over the term of the notes.
In addition to the credit facility, the Company has an outstanding note payable of approximately $174,000. The note is due March 2007 and requires monthly payments of $3,097, which commenced in May 1998, and accrues interest at a rate of 10% per year.
Senior Subordinated Debt
In November 2001, the Company issued approximately $9 million of senior subordinated notes along with detachable warrants. The notes bear interest at 13% per annum, compounded quarterly and payable in arrears, and will mature in 5 years. Interest is payable at maturity of the notes. The holders of the notes have the right to obtain payment in cash for the accrued but unpaid interest eighteen months from the date of issuance of the notes provided written notice (“Notice”) is given to the Company. Should that occur, the interest rate would be retroactively reduced to 11.5% compounded quarterly from the date of issuance through the Notice date, and thereafter. The Company also has the right to pre-pay its obligation under the notes by incurring a prepayment premium, as defined, on the outstanding principal plus accrued but unpaid interest. Additionally, the notes will be subject to a mandatory prepayment at the election of the Company or the holders at any time after the earliest of (i) a material change in ownership, as defined, (ii) a merger or sale of substantially all of the Company’s assets, (iii) a substantial change in corporate structure, as defined, or (iv) a default by the Company, as defined. The warrants are exercisable at $.01 per common share and are exercisable for a period of 5 years from the date of issuance. The fair value ascribed to the warrants was $1,079,808. The value assigned to the warrants is being recognized as interest expense over the term of the notes.
Maturities of long-term debt during the next five fiscal years and thereafter are as follows:
2002 | $ | 1,136,835 | |||
2003 | 1,296,912 | ||||
2004 | 41,434 | ||||
2005 | 45,439 | ||||
2006 | 9,015,877 | ||||
Thereafter | 111,942 | ||||
11,648,439 | |||||
Less: Current maturities | (1,136,835 | ) | |||
Unaccreted debt discount | (1,045,582 | ) | |||
Long-term debt, net | $ | 9,466,022 | |||
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
8. Capital Lease Obligations
At December 31, 2001, the Company is obligated under capital leases for certain restaurant equipment with an original cost of $2,019,144. The leases expire at various dates through 2004. The following is a schedule of future minimum lease payments for capital leases as of December 31, 2001:
2002 | $ | 480,007 | |||
2003 | 138,287 | ||||
2004 | 2,929 | ||||
Total lease payments | 621,223 | ||||
Less: amount representing interest | 44,125 | ||||
Present value of net capital lease payments | 577,098 | ||||
Less: current portion | 441,862 | ||||
Long-term portion | $ | 135,236 | |||
9. Income Taxes
Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets are as follows:
January 1, | December 31, | |||||||||
2001 | 2001 | |||||||||
Deferred tax assets: | ||||||||||
Net operating loss carryforward | $ | 13,611,490 | $ | 18,577,446 | ||||||
Deferred compensation | 1,669,651 | 1,669,651 | ||||||||
Depreciation expense and Impairment of Long-Lived Assets | 6,151,633 | 10,139,945 | ||||||||
Lease termination accrual | 1,110,000 | 3,034,619 | ||||||||
Allowance for doubtful accounts | 135,804 | 81,343 | ||||||||
Contractual lease increases | 807,635 | 1,113,171 | ||||||||
Accrued expenses | 288,758 | 238,190 | ||||||||
Other assets | 6,973 | 6,973 | ||||||||
Total deferred tax assets | 23,781,944 | 34,861,338 | ||||||||
Valuation allowance | (23,781,944 | ) | (34,861,338 | ) | ||||||
Net deferred taxes | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||
As of December 31, 2001, the Company has Federal net operating tax loss carryforwards of approximately $50.2 million, which if not used, will expire through 2021. Utilization of the net operating losses may be subject to an annual limitation due to the change in ownership provisions of the Internal Revenue Code and similar state provisions. These annual limitations may result in the expiration of these net operating losses before their utilization. The Company has recorded a valuation allowance to offset the benefit associated with the deferred tax assets noted above due to the uncertainty of realizing the related benefits.
10. Capitalization
Change in Authorized Number of Shares
On September 29, 2001, the Corporation amended its Certificate of Incorporation to increase the authorized capital stock from 25,226,580 shares to 45,673,947, of which 30,000,000 shares will be Common Stock and 15,673,947 shares will be Preferred Stock, designated as follows: 2,005,862 shares of Series A
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
convertible preferred stock, 10,510,191 shares of Series C convertible preferred stock and 3,157,894 shares to be designated by the Board of Directors.
Redeemable Securities
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
In connection with the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Series A Purchase Agreement”) dated April 28, 1998, the Company issued 1,142,124 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series A”) for approximately $14 million. The proceeds were reduced by $351,800 for closing costs. The Series A Purchase Agreement provides for the issuance of one warrant to purchase one share of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $.01 (the “Warrants”) for each 13 shares of Series A issued. The Warrants are exercisable for a period of ten years from the date of issuance and will expire on the earlier of (i) the completion of a qualified public offering, as defined or (ii) the redemption of all of the Series A. The Company allocated $997,818 of the proceeds to the warrants to recognize their fair value. In November 1999, the Company issued an additional 4,082 shares of Series A for $50,000, based on the same terms and conditions. No additional warrants were issued.
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock
Contemporaneously with the Series A Purchase Agreement, the Company issued 261,521 shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series B Executive Stock”) to certain officers of the Company in exchange for promissory notes aggregating $2,974,804 pursuant to the terms of an Executive Stock Agreement the “Executive Agreement”. The promissory notes accrue interest at an annual rate of 5.75% and mature in April 2003. These notes are included in stockholders’ equity as stock subscriptions receivable. The Executive Agreement provided that shares of Series B vest at the rate of 25% per year or immediately upon a qualified public offering. During 1999, the officers converted the Series B Executive Stock into an equal number of shares of common stock subject to the same vesting provisions. In the event that the Company no longer employs the stockholders, the Executive Agreement provides for certain Company stock repurchases and/or stockholder put options.
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock
On March 1, 1999, the Company entered into a bridge financing arrangement (the “Agreement”) pursuant to which it issued Subordinated Promissory Notes (the “Promissory Notes”) aggregating $1.5 million maturing on July 28, 1999. The Promissory Notes bear interest at an escalating rate (ranging from 12% to 18%) based on the number of days from the issuance of the Promissory Notes. Warrants (the “Bridge Warrants”) to purchase shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock were issued in connection with the Promissory Notes. The Bridge Warrants entitle the holder to acquire a certain amount of the Company’s Series A Convertible Preferred Stock for a price to be determined at the time of the Company’s next financing. The amount of preferred stock to be issued would be based upon a price per share based on certain provisions in the Agreement. At the time of the Company’s March 30, 1999 financing, the terms of the Bridge Warrants were specified to be for the purchase of 25,208 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock at $14.875 per share. The fair value of the Bridge Warrants was determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and totaled $88,230. On March 30, 1999, the Promissory Notes were exchanged for 100,840 shares of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock. The value assigned to the Bridge Warrants was recognized as interest expense and the carrying amount of the Promissory Notes were converted to Series C Convertible Preferred Stock upon conversion of the Promissory Notes.
On March 30, 1999, in connection with the 1999 Series C Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement (the “1999 Series C Purchase Agreement”), the Company issued 1,343,668 shares of Series C convertible preferred stock (“1999 Series C”), par value $0.01 per share and received proceeds of approximately
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
$20 million (including the exchange for the Company’s Promissory Notes aggregating $1.5 million; described above). The proceeds were reduced by $128,411 for closing costs. During 1999, 74,687 shares of Series C were converted to an equal number of shares of Common Stock.
During fiscal 2000, the Company issued an aggregate of 1,426,936 shares of Series C, par value $.01 at $15.75 per share, (“2000 Series C”). The Company received aggregate proceeds of approximately $22.4 million in April 2000, June 2000, and September 2000. The terms of the issuance of 2000 Series C are the same as the March 1999 issuance of 1999 Series C, with the exception that the liquidation preference of the 2000 Series C is $15.75 per share.
During fiscal 2001, the Company issued 1,465,672 shares of Series C convertible preferred stock, par value $.01. (“2001 Series C”). The Company received proceeds of approximately $23.9 million, net of issuance costs. The terms of the issuance of 2001 Series C are the same as the previous issuances of Series C convertible preferred stock, with the exception that the liquidation preference is $16.625 per share.
Each share of Series A and Series C may be converted into one share of Common Stock at any time at the option of the Series A and the Series C convertible preferred stockholders (the “Convertible Preferred Stockholders”). Such conversion is based on a value of $12.25, $14.875, $15.75 and $16.625 per share for 1999 Series A, 1999 Series C, 2000 Series C and 2001 Series C, respectively, with such value adjusted, if necessary, in order to prevent dilution. The value of accrued but unpaid dividends is not convertible to common stock upon conversion. The Series A and each of the 1999, 2000 and 2001 Series C shares will be automatically converted into Common Stock upon the earlier of (i) the completion of a qualified public offering (“Offering”), or (ii) the written demand of at least 60% of the then outstanding shares of each series of the shares held by the Convertible Preferred Stockholders.
In the event this conversion does not occur, the Series A and Series C may be redeemed any time after April 1, 2004 and March 30, 2005, respectively, at the option of the holders of at least a majority of then outstanding shares at a price of $12.25, $14.875, $15.75 and $16.625, as applicable, per share (the “Liquidation Value”) plus all accrued but unpaid dividends. As a result of the redemption features, the Series A and Series C securities are presented outside stockholders’ equity in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Dividends on the Series A and the 1999, 2000 and 2001 Series C accrue at an annual rate of 8% on the sum of the Liquidation Value plus all accumulated and unpaid dividends whether or not they have been declared. In addition to such dividends, the Convertible Preferred Stockholders are entitled to participate in dividends declared to common stockholders, if any, other than those dividends solely payable in common stock. These dividends are based on amounts that would have been declared and paid with respect to the Common Stock issuable to the Convertible Preferred Stockholders upon the conversion of all Series A and 1999, 2000 and 2001 Series C into common stock immediately prior to the record date of such dividends. In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, each Convertible Preferred Stockholder will receive liquidation preferences in the amount of the greater of (i) the Liquidation Value on all shares of Series A and 1999, 2000 and 2001 Series C held plus all accrued and unpaid dividends or (ii) such stockholders’ pro rata share of the portion of all liquidation proceeds payable to the common stockholders after all required liquidation payments to the Series��B convertible preferred stockholders are made.
The holders of the Series A and 1999, 2000 and 2001 Series C are entitled to vote on all matters submitted to all stockholders for a vote together with the common stockholders, all voting together as a single class, however, the Convertible Preferred Stockholders, voting as a class, have the right to approve any mergers, acquisitions, and sale of Company assets, dividends, distributions, stock repurchases or issuance of any equity securities senior or equal to the Series A and 1999, 2000 and 2001 Series C. The Purchase Agreements for Series A, and for 1999, 2000 and 2001 Series C (the “Preferred Stock Purchase
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Agreements”) and the Executive Agreement provide for anti-dilution adjustments in connection with any distribution of the Company’s common stock.
Common Stock Purchase Rights
On June 28, 2001, the Board of Directors resolved to adopt a Shareholders’ Rights Plan “Rights Plan”. The resolution provides that the Rights Plan will be effective only upon the consummation of an Offering by the Company. Upon an Offering a dividend distribution of one right (“Right”) for each share of common stock, $.01 par value per share of the Corporation will be made to stockholders. Each Right entitles the registered holder to purchase from the Company one one-hundredth of a share of preferred stock of the Company designated as Series D Preferred Stock at a price of $100 per one one-hundredth of a share. The Board of Directors also resolved to amend its certificate of incorporation, effective upon the consummation of an Offering by the Company, to designate 1,000,000 shares of Series D Preferred Stock for such issuance. The Series D Preferred Stock (“Series D”), $.01 par value per share will be nonredeemable and subordinated to any other series of the Company’s preferred stock.
Initially, the Rights will not be exercisable, will not be represented by a separate certificate, and will not be transferable apart from the common stock. The Rights become exercisable, unless earlier redeemed, by each record holder upon the close of business on the day which is the earlier of (i) the tenth day following the first date there is public announcement that a person or group of affiliated or associated persons has acquired beneficial ownership of 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the Company or such earlier date as determined by the Board of Directors; or (ii) the tenth business day after the announcement that a person or group’s intention to commence or engage in a tender or exchange offer the consummation of which would result in the ownership of 15% or more of the common stock of the Company by this person or group.
11. Stock Option Plans
The Company has several stock option plans that provide for the granting of incentive and nonqualified stock options to participants, employees and non-employee directors, to acquire Common Stock.
There are 6,350,126 shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance under the Plans. Grants have been made at fair market value (as determined by the Board of Directors) and generally vest over a period of five years and expire ten years from the date of the grant. The Board of Directors approves vesting terms on an individual basis. The Company accounts for stock option grants in accordance with APB Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees.”
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Activity with respect to the Company’s stock option plans for the years ended January 3, 2000, January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2001 was as follows:
Number | Range of | Weighted Average | |||||||||||
of Options | Exercise Price | Exercise Price | |||||||||||
Balance as of December 28, 1999 | 1,123,237 | $1.558 - $18.813 | $ | 7.166 | |||||||||
Granted | 353,450 | $8.925 - $12.250 | $ | 11.387 | |||||||||
Canceled/ Expired | (48,078 | ) | $1.558 - $12.250 | $ | 8.038 | ||||||||
Balance as of January 3, 2000 | 1,428,609 | $1.558 - 18.813 | $ | 8.181 | |||||||||
Granted | 818,803 | $ 12.250 | $ | 12.250 | |||||||||
Exercised | (55 | ) | $10.938 | $ | 10.938 | ||||||||
Canceled/ Expired | (143,192 | ) | $8.925 - 12.250 | $ | 10.999 | ||||||||
Balance as of January 1, 2001 | 2,104,165 | $1.558 - 18.813 | $ | 9.616 | |||||||||
Granted | 1,377,234 | $12.250 | $ | 12.250 | |||||||||
Exercised | (5,349 | ) | $5.303 - $12.250 | $ | 7.308 | ||||||||
Canceled/ Expired | (210,445 | ) | $8.925 - $12.250 | $ | 11.925 | ||||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2001 | 3,265,605 | $1.558 - $18.813 | $ | 10.588 | |||||||||
There were approximately 1.0 million, 1.1 million and 1.5 million options exercisable under the Plans as of January 3, 2000, January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2001, respectively.
Had compensation cost for these programs been determined based upon the fair value at the grant dates consistent with SFAS No. 123, the Company’s pro forma net loss and net loss per common share would have been as follows:
1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |||||||||||
Net loss attributable to common stock: | |||||||||||||
As reported | $ | (37,059,283 | ) | $ | (27,449,711 | ) | $ | (42,101,428 | ) | ||||
Pro forma | (37,704,507 | ) | (28,020,683 | ) | (43,478,843 | ) | |||||||
Net loss per common share — Basic and Diluted: | |||||||||||||
As reported | $ | (8.79 | ) | $ | (6.09 | ) | $ | (9.34 | ) | ||||
Pro forma | $ | (8.94 | ) | $ | (6.23 | ) | $ | (9.64 | ) | ||||
Pro Forma net loss per common share — Basic and Diluted: | |||||||||||||
As reported | $ | (3.77 | ) | ||||||||||
Pro forma | $ | (3.87 | ) | ||||||||||
The fair value of each option grant was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions:
Fiscal Year Ended | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | |||||||||
Expected volatility | — | — | — | |||||||||
Average expected option life | 5 years | 5 years | 5 years | |||||||||
Average risk-free interest rate | 5.13 | % | 6.37 | % | 4.57 | % | ||||||
Dividend yield | 0 | % | 0 | % | 0 | % |
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Prior to the merger, certain officers of Cosi SB had received compensatory nonqualified stock options, which were exercisable upon the underlying shares reaching a targeted market value. As a result of the merger, these options vested and a charge to earnings of approximately $4.2 million was recorded in fiscal year 1999.
Summarized information about the Company’s stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2001 is as follows:
Outstanding | Exercisable | |||||||||||||||||||
Average | Average | Average | ||||||||||||||||||
Exercise Price Range | Options | Life | Price | Options | Price | |||||||||||||||
$1.558 | 171,232 | 4.59 | $ | 1.558 | 171,233 | $ | 1.558 | |||||||||||||
$5.303 | 326,407 | 4.92 | $ | 5.303 | 326,407 | $ | 5.303 | |||||||||||||
$8.925 - $10.938 | 594,659 | 6.28 | $ | 9.678 | 572,050 | $ | 9.625 | |||||||||||||
$12.250 | 2,116,165 | 9.25 | $ | 12.250 | 441,693 | $ | 12.250 | |||||||||||||
$14.875 - $18.813 | 57,142 | 5.75 | $ | 15.855 | 57,143 | $ | 15.855 | |||||||||||||
3,265,605 | 7.97 | $ | 10.588 | 1,568,526 | $ | 8.82 | ||||||||||||||
12. Defined Contribution Plan
The Company has a 401(k) Plan (the “Plan”) for all qualified employees. The Plan provides for a matching employer contribution of twenty-five percent of up to four percent of the employees’ deferred savings. The employer contributions vest over five years. The deferred amount cannot exceed fifteen percent of an individual participant’s compensation in any calendar year. The Company’s contribution to the Plan was $11,652, $21,635 and $26,115 for fiscal years 1999, 2000 and 2001, respectively.
13. Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments
The Company is committed under lease agreements expiring through 2014 for occupancy of its retail restaurants that were open and operating on December 31, 2001 and for office space at the following minimum annual rentals:
2002 | $ | 9,892,528 | ||
2003 | 10,280,552 | |||
2004 | 10,465,417 | |||
2005 | 10,638,201 | |||
2006 | 10,517,367 | |||
Thereafter | 44,429,054 |
Rental expense for the fiscal years ended 1999, 2000 and 2001 totaled $3,584,831, $6,184,680 and $9,096,207, respectively. Certain lease agreements have renewal options ranging from 3 years to 15 years. In addition, certain leases obligate the Company to pay additional rent if restaurant sales reach certain minimum levels (percentage rent). Amounts incurred under these additional rent provisions were $203,776, $174,402 and $168,451 for fiscal years 1999, 2000 and 2001, respectively.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
As of December 31, 2001, future minimum rental payments required under non-cancelable operating leases for retail restaurants, which were not yet opened as of December 31, 2001, are as follows:
2002 | $ | 361,532 | ||
2003 | 517,338 | |||
2004 | 517,338 | |||
2005 | 527,256 | |||
2006 | 534,574 | |||
Thereafter | 2,437,319 |
Subsequent to year-end, the Company entered into non-cancelable operating leases for future retail restaurant locations with minimum rental payments as follows:
2002 | $ | 46,549 | ||
2003 | 93,100 | |||
2003 | 93,100 | |||
2004 | 93,100 | |||
2005 | 93,100 | |||
Thereafter | 562,450 |
Certain of the Company’s lease agreements provide for scheduled rent increases during the lease term, or for rental payments commencing at a date other than the date of initial occupancy. In accordance with SFAS No. 13, “Accounting for Leases,” rent expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the respective leases. The Company’s obligation with respect to these scheduled rent increases has been presented as a long-term liability in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
As of December 31, 2001, the Company had outstanding approximately $370,000 in standby letters of credit, which were given as security deposits for certain of the lease obligations. The letters of credit are fully secured by cash deposits or marketable securities held in accounts at the issuing banks. Such deposits are not available for withdrawal, amounted to approximately $370,000 at December 31, 2001 and are included as a component of Intangible, Security Deposits and Other Assets on the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
In fiscal 1999, 2000 and 2001, the Company recorded a provision of approximately $3,437,000, $477,000 and $6,411,000, respectively, relating to lease commitments for restaurants the Company has closed or is committed to close. During fiscal 2001, the Company made cash payments totaling approximately $1,209,100 for those restaurants’ leases.
As of December 31, 2001, future minimum lease payments related to restaurants that have been closed or are committed to be closed is approximately $16.9 million, with remaining lease terms ranging from 7 to 13 years.
Other liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2001 include $3,000,000 in accrued lease termination costs (including a current portion of $746,751) and $2,182,798 in accrued contractual lease increases. Other liabilities as of December 31, 2001 include $8,201,674 in accrued lease termination costs (including a current portion of $1,678,880) and $3,008,570 in accrued contractual lease increases.
During fiscal 2000, the Company entered into a contract to sell a restaurant and assigned the lease to the buyer. Simultaneously, the Company entered into a guaranty and surety agreement whereby the Company has guaranteed the first two years of rental payments to be made by the buyer. In the event of default by the buyer, the Company will be reinstated as the primary obligor under the lease.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
Purchase Commitment
During fiscal year 1999, the Company entered into an exclusive coffee supply agreement with an unrelated third party (“Supplier”). The agreement calls for minimum purchases, in terms of both quantity and price, to be made by the Company of coffee beans and related products. The agreement is in effect through December 2002 but may be terminated by the Company or the Supplier provided 180 days notice is given in advance of such termination.
Self-Insurance
The Company has a self-insured group health insurance plan. The Company is responsible for all covered claims to a maximum liability of $50,000 per participant during a plan year. Benefits paid in excess of $50,000 are reimbursed to the plan under the Company’s stop loss policy. In addition, the Company also has an aggregate stop loss policy whereby the Company’s liability for total claims submitted cannot exceed a pre-determined dollar factor based upon, among other things, past years’ claims experience, actual claims paid, the number of plan participants and monthly accumulated aggregate deductibles. Group health insurance expense for the fiscal years 1999, 2000 and 2001 was approximately $472,000, $800,000 and $968,000, respectively.
Litigation
From time to time, the Company is a party to litigation arising in the normal course of its business operations. In the opinion of management and counsel, it is not anticipated that the settlement or resolution of any such matters will have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial condition, liquidity or results of operations.
Employment Agreements
During fiscal 2002, the Company has entered into employment agreements with certain officers and employees. The term of each agreement is for three years with each agreement expiring in 2005. The aggregate annual base salaries for the three year term is $962,500.
14. Related Party Transactions
The Company incurs fees with a legal firm, a partner of which is an owner of certain of the Company’s equity securities. This firm provides legal services on behalf of the Company, which amounted to approximately $45,000, $41,000 and $71,000 for the fiscal years 1999, 2000 and 2001. Furthermore, the Company engages a public relations firm that is partially owned by a family member of a founding shareholder of the Company. This firm provides public relations services to the Company, which amounted to approximately $18,500, $67,000 and $146,000 for fiscal years 1999, 2000 and 2001, respectively. Management of the Company believes that these related party transactions were effected on a basis that approximates fair market value.
15. Effect of the Events of September 11, 2001
In September 2001, the Emerging Issues Task Force reached a consensus regarding Issue No. 01-10, “Accounting for the Impact of Terrorist Attacks of September 11, 2001,” which requires that losses and other costs incurred as a result of the September 11, 2001, events be classified as part of income from continuing operations in the statement of operations.
As a result of the events of September 11, 2001, a Company owned restaurant location and a kiosk that had operated in the World Trade Center in New York City were destroyed. Additionally, due to its proximity to the World Trade Center, another restaurant in the World Financial Center has been closed. The Company
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
and its insurer, and its insurance broker are in disagreement over the amount of insurance coverage for these locations. Consequently, approximately $1.3 million has been included in the 2001 provisions for asset impairments and disposals. The loss is net of approximately $1.0 million received or recoverable by the Company from property and casualty insurance.
The Company also maintains business interruption insurance coverage for which it has submitted claims. No amounts potentially reimbursable from business interruption policies have been recognized in the accompanying financial statements. Any amounts received from these policies will be recognized as income when received or, earlier, if the Company’s is notified of the amount of claims approved by its insurers.
16. Subsequent Events
Sale of Additional Securities
During the first quarter of fiscal 2002, the Company issued approximately 1.6 million shares of Series C convertible preferred stock, par value $.01 (“2002 Series C”). The Company received proceeds of approximately $15.7 million. The terms of the issuance of 2002 Series C preferred convertible stock are the same as the previous issuances, with the exception that the liquidation preference is $9.50 per share.
Senior Subordinated Debt
During the first quarter of fiscal 2002, the Company issued $500,000 of senior subordinated notes with detachable warrants. The fair value ascribed to the warrants was $61,407. The terms of the notes and warrants issued are the same as those issued during fiscal year 2001 (Note 7).
Conversion of Senior Subordinated Debt
On February 20, 2002, holders of senior subordinated debt and the Company converted senior subordinated debt and warrants with a fair value of $3,638,149 into 380,323.67 shares of 2002 Series C Preferred Stock. The gain on this early extinguishment of the subordinated debt was not material to the unaudited results of operations for the three months ended April 2, 2002.
Public Offering
In February 2002, the Company announced it is considering an underwritten initial public offering of its common stock. Upon the effectiveness of a public offering, the Company’s Series A and Series C convertible preferred stock automatically converts to common stock. Accordingly, pro forma per share data has been presented in the accompanying statements of operations for fiscal 2001 and for the three months ended April 2, 2002 (unaudited). Pro forma per share information has been calculated before the effect of dividends on preferred stock and by reflecting the weighted average shares of preferred stock as common stock outstanding for the respective periods.
Reverse Stock Split
In May 2002, the Company’s Board of Directors and shareholders approved a 1 for 1.75 reverse stock split. All share and per share information in the accompanying financial statements have been restated to give effect to this reverse stock split which will be effective immediately prior to the IPO.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
A reconciliation of the numerators and denominators used in determining these pro-forma amounts is as follows:
Year Ended | Quarter Ended | |||||||
December 31, 2001 | April 1, 2002 | |||||||
Net Loss attributable to Common Stock | $ | (42,101,428 | ) | $ | (6,188,669 | ) | ||
Add: Preferred Stock Dividends | 6,678,085 | 1,960,435 | ||||||
Pro-Forma Net Loss attributable to Common Stock | $ | (35,423,343 | ) | $ | (4,228,234 | ) | ||
Weighted average Common Shares Outstanding | 4,507,237 | 4,527,566 | ||||||
Effect of conversion of Preferred Securities | 4,893,271 | 5,887,774 | ||||||
Pro-Forma weighted average common shares outstanding | 9,400,508 | 10,415,340 |
Common shares outstanding and Pro-Forma common shares outstanding exclude 3,462,704 shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options outstanding under our stock option plans as of April 1, 2002, of which 1,676,331 were exercisable as of April 1, 2002, and excludes 110,472 warrants to purchase common shares at $0.01 per share, 33,279 warrants to purchase common stock at $14.88 per share and 2,526 warrants to purchase common stock at $16.63 per share.
17. Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Information
The unaudited consolidated financial information for the three months ended April 2, 2001 and April 1, 2002 has been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information. In the opinion of the Company’s management, these unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments necessary, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, for a fair presentation of such data on a basis consisted with that of the audited data presented herein. The consolidated results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for a full year.
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS ON SCHEDULE
To Cosi, Inc.:
We have audited, in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States, the consolidated financial statements of Cosi, Inc. and subsidiaries (formerly Xando Cosi, Inc., a Delaware corporation) included as of January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2001, and for the years then ended, in this filing and have issued our report thereon dated April 2, 2002. Our audits were made for the purposes of forming an opinion on the basic financial statements taken as a whole. The accompanying schedule is the responsibility of the Company’s management and is presented for purposes of complying with the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and is not part of the basic financial statements. This schedule has been subjected to the auditing procedures applied in the audit of the basic financial statements and, in our opinion, fairly states in all material respects the financial data required to be set forth therein in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole.
/s/ ARTHUR ANDERSEN LLP |
Melville, New York | |
April 2, 2002 (except as to the matters discussed in Note 16, as to which the date is June 4, 2002) | |
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS ON SCHEDULE
The Board of Directors of Cosí, Inc.:
We have audited the consolidated statements of operations, redeemable securities and stockholders’ equity and cash flows of Cosí, Inc. (formerly Xando Cosí, Inc.) for the year ended January 3, 2000, and have issued our report thereon dated November 19, 2000 except for the fifth paragraph of Note 16, as to which the date is June 4, 2002(included elsewhere in this Registration Statement). Our audit also included Schedule II — Valuation and Qualifying Accounts included in this Registration Statement. This schedule is the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion based on our audit.
In our opinion, the financial statement schedule referred to above, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.
/s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLP |
Stamford, Connecticut
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SCHEDULE II
COSI, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
Balance at | Charged to | Charged to | |||||||||||||||||||
Beginning | Costs and | Other Accounts | Deductions | Balance at | |||||||||||||||||
Description | of Period | Expenses | (Describe) | (Describe) | End of Period | ||||||||||||||||
(in $000s) | |||||||||||||||||||||
JANUARY 3, 2000 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable | 62.8 | 300.0 | — | (55.9 | )(a) | 306.9 | |||||||||||||||
Lease termination reserve | — | 3,437.1 | — | — | (b) | 3,437.1 | |||||||||||||||
Accrued merger and integration costs | — | 1,192.8 | — | (553.5 | )(c) | 639.3 | |||||||||||||||
JANUARY 1, 2001 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable | 306.9 | 88.1 | — | (28.0 | )(a) | 367.0 | |||||||||||||||
Lease termination reserve | 3,437.1 | 477.3 | — | (914.4 | )(b) | 3,000.0 | |||||||||||||||
Accrued merger and integration costs | 639.3 | 55.7 | — | (695.0 | )(c) | — | |||||||||||||||
DECEMBER 31, 2001 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable | 367.6 | 3.6 | — | (150.8 | )(a) | 220.4 | |||||||||||||||
Lease termination reserve | 3,000.0 | 6,410.8 | — | (1,209.1 | )(b) | 8,201.7 |
NOTES:
(a) | Write-off of uncollectable accounts. |
(b) | Payments to landlords and others for leases on closed stores. |
(c) | Payments of merger and integration costs. |
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PART II. INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 13. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution
Set forth below is an estimate of the approximate amount of the fees and expenses (other than underwriting commissions and discounts) payable by Cosí in connection with this offering.
Securities and Exchange Commission Registration Fee | $ | 5,520 | |||
National Association of Securities Dealers Inc. Registration Fee | 6,500 | ||||
Nasdaq National Market Listing Fees | |||||
Printing Expenses | |||||
Legal Fees and Expenses | |||||
Accounting Fees and Expenses | |||||
Miscellaneous | |||||
Total | $ | ||||
Item 14. Indemnification of Directors and Officers
Section 145 of the DGCL permits indemnification of officers, directors, and other corporate agents under certain circumstances and subject to certain limitations. Our certificate of incorporation and by-laws provide that we shall indemnify our directors and officers, and anyone who is or was serving at our request as a director, officer, employee, fiduciary, or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, to the fullest extent permitted under Delaware law. In addition, we have entered into separate indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers which require us, among other things, to indemnify them against certain liabilities which may arise by reason of their status or service (other than liabilities arising from acts or omissions not in good faith or willful misconduct). These indemnification provisions and the indemnification agreements entered into between us and our executive officers and directors may be sufficiently broad to permit indemnification of our executive officers and directors for liabilities (including reimbursement of expenses incurred) arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
We maintain directors’ and officers’ liability insurance against any actual or alleged error, misstatement, misleading statement, act, omission, neglect or breach of duty by any director or officer, excluding certain matters including fraudulent, dishonest or criminal acts or self dealing.
The Underwriting Agreement filed as Exhibit 1.1 to this registration statement provides for indemnification by the Underwriters of us and our officers and directors for certain liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or otherwise.
Item 15. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
Since April 1, 1999, the Registrant and its Predecessors have sold and issued the following unregistered securities:
(a) Issuances of shares of Common Stock other than pursuant to exercise of employee stock options.
On October 4, 1999, in connection with the merger of a subsidiary of the Registrant with Cosí Sandwich Bar, Inc., the Registrant issued to the former shareholders of Cosí Sandwich Bar, Inc. 11.237 shares of Common Stock in exchange for each share of Cosí Sandwich Bar, Inc., Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to the merger for an aggregate total of 3,655,814.90 shares.
On October 4, 1999, pursuant to the conversion of 209,600 shares of the Registrant’s Series B Convertible Preferred Stock by Andrew Stenzler, the Registrant issued 209,600 shares of its Common Stock to Mr. Stenzler.
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On October 4, 1999, pursuant to the conversion of 209,600 shares of the Registrant’s Series B Convertible Preferred Stock by Nicholas Marsh, the Registrant issued 209,600 shares of its Common Stock to Mr. Marsh.
On October 4, 1999, pursuant to the conversion of 38,462 shares of the Registrant’s Series B Convertible Preferred Stock by David Kaufman, the Registrant issued 38,462 shares of its Common Stock to Mr. Kaufman.
On October 4, 1999, pursuant to the conversion of 130,703 shares of the Registrant’s Series C Preferred by Ziff Asset Management, L.P. (“ZAM”), the Registrant issued 130,703 shares of its Common Stock to ZAM.
On June 4, 2001, the Registrant sold 2,858 shares of its Common Stock to 2 outside consultants in exchange for full satisfaction of invoices for consulting services for an aggregate amount of $20,000, or $7.00 per share.
(b) Issuances of Shares of Series C Preferred Stock.
On March 20, 2000, the Registrant issued a total of 898,549.33 shares of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series C Preferred”) to 36 investors, 35 of which were accredited investors (3 of which represented to the Company that they were an entity in which all the equity owners are accredited investors, 4 of which represented to the Company that they were a natural person with individual income greater than $200,000, or, if married, combined income with spouse of over $300,000, in 2 of the last 3 years, 7 of which were organizations described in Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code, or IRC, 20 of which represented to the Company that they were a natural person with a net worth over $1 million, and 1 of which was a trust with assets exceeding $5 million, not formed for the specific purpose of acquiring the securities offered) and 28 of which were existing shareholders of the Registrant, for an aggregate purchase price of $8,086,941, or $9.00 per share.
On April 12, 2000, the Registrant issued a total of 229,268 shares of Series C Preferred to 2 accredited investors (both of which were organizations described in Section 501(c)(3) of the IRC) for an aggregate purchase price of $2,063,412, or $9.00 per share.
On June 10, 2000, the Registrant issued a total of 8,250 shares of Series C Preferred to 3 accredited investors (2 of which represented to the Company that they were a natural person with a net worth over $1 million, and 1 of which represented to the Company that they were a natural person with individual income greater than $200,000, or, if married, combined income with spouse of over $300,000, in 2 of the last 3 years) for an aggregate purchase price of $74,250, or $9.00 per share.
On June 30, 2000, the Registrant issued a total of 683,204 shares of Series C Preferred to 11 investors, 10 of which were accredited investors (5 of which were organizations described in Section 501(c)(3) of the IRC, 2 of which represented to the Company that they were a natural person with a net worth over $1 million, and 2 of which represented to the Company that they were an entity in which all the equity owners are accredited investors) and all 11 of which were existing shareholders of the Registrant, for an aggregate purchase price of $6,148,845, or $9.00 per share.
On September 30, 2000, the Registrant issued a total of 677,866 shares of Series C Preferred to 10 investors, 9 of which were accredited investors (5 of which were organizations described in Section 501(c)(3) of the IRC, 2 of which represented to the Company that they were a natural person with a net worth over $1 million, and 2 of which represented to the Company that they were an entity in which all the equity owners are accredited investors) and all 10 of which were existing shareholders of the Registrant, for an aggregate purchase price of $6,100,794, or $9.00 per share.
On January 31, 2001, the Registrant issued a total of 1,517,482 shares of Series C Preferred to 51 investors, 50 of which were accredited investors (27 of which represented to the Company that they were a natural person with a net worth over $1 million, 9 of which were organizations described in Section 501(c)(3) of the IRC, 3 of which represented to the Company that they were a natural person with individual income greater than $200,000, or, if married, combined income with spouse of over $300,000, in 2 of the last
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On March 31, 2001, the Registrant issued a total of 73,758 shares of Series C Preferred to 1 accredited investor (which represented to the Company that it was an entity in which all the equity owners are accredited investors) for an aggregate purchase price of $700,701, or $9.50 per share.
On May 10, 2001, the Registrant issued a total of 868,822 shares of Series C Preferred to 2 accredited investors (both of which were organizations described in Section 501(c)(3) of the IRC) both of which were existing shareholders of the Registrant, for an aggregate purchase price of $8,250,009, or $9.50 per share.
On December 1, 2001, the Registrant issued a total of 105,264 shares of Series C Preferred to an investor, for an aggregate purchase price of $1,000,008, or $9.50 per share.
On February 23, 2002, the Registrant issued a total of 2,029,923 shares of Series C to 72 investors, 69 of which were accredited investors (46 of which represented to the Company that they were a natural person with a net worth over $1 million, 1 of which was a bank as defined in Section 3(a)(2) of the Act, 1 of which was an organization described in Section 501(c)(3) of the IRC, 5 of which represented to the Company that they were a natural person with individual income greater than $200,000, or, if married, combined income with spouse of over $300,000, in 2 of the last 3 years, 4 which were a trust with assets exceeding $5 million, not formed for the specific purpose of acquiring the securities offered, and 13 of which represented to the Company that they were an entity in which all the equity owners are accredited investors) and 24 of which were existing shareholders of the Registrant, for an aggregate purchase price of $19,284,229.37, or $9.50 per share. Participating in this sale were 20 principals and 1 vice president of William Blair & Company, L.L.C.
(c) Option Issuances to, and Exercises by, Employees, Directors and Consultants.
From April 1, 1999 to April 1, 2002, the Registrant issued options to purchase a total of 4,091,018 shares of Common Stock at a weighted-average exercise price of $7.00 per share to 1,794 employees. No consideration was paid to the Registrant by any recipient of any of the forgoing options for the grant of such options.
On November 1, 1999, the Registrant issued stock options to purchase 5,050 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $7.00 per share, to an outside attorney in consideration of legal services rendered.
On December 23, 1999, the Registrant issued stock options to purchase 11,237 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $5.93 per share, to an outside consultant in consideration of management consulting services rendered.
On January 7, 2000, the Registrant issued stock options to purchase 5,000 shares of its Common Stock at an exercise price of $7.00 per share, to 2 outside accountants in consideration of accounting services rendered.
On April 1, 2000, the Registrant issued stock options to purchase 50,000 shares of its Common Stock at an exercise price of $7.00 per share, to 2 outside consultants in consideration of consulting services rendered.
On November 15, 2000, the Registrant sold 95 shares of its Common Stock to an employee for aggregate consideration of $635, or approximately $6.68 per share, pursuant to the exercise of outstanding stock options.
On February 10, 2001, the Registrant issued to stock options to purchase 19,156 shares of its Common Stock at an exercise price of $7.00 per share, to an outside recruiter in consideration of executive recruitment services rendered.
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On February 15, 2001, the Registrant issued stock options to purchase 20,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $7.00 per share, to an outside consultant in consideration of consulting services rendered.
On March 1, 2001, the Registrant sold 400 shares of its Common Stock to an employee for aggregate consideration of $2,500, or approximately $6.25 per share, pursuant to the exercise of outstanding stock options.
On July 13, 2001, the Registrant sold 9,319 shares of its Common Stock to an employee for aggregate consideration of $38,803.92, or approximately $4.16 per share, pursuant to the exercise of outstanding stock options.
On November 20, 2001, the Registrant issued a stock option to purchase 5,000 shares of its Common Stock at an exercise price of $7.00 per share, to an outside consultant in consideration of store design services rendered.
On December 31, 2001, the Registrant issued stock options to purchase 150,000 shares of its Common Stock at an exercise price of $7.00 per share, to four outside consultants in consideration of consulting services rendered.
On December 31, 2001, the Registrant issued stock options to purchase 20,000 shares of its Common Stock at an exercise price of $7.00 per share, to an outside attorney in consideration of legal services rendered.
On January 30, 2002, the Registrant sold 56,250 shares of its Common Stock to a former director for aggregate consideration of $351,562.50, or approximately $6.25 per share, pursuant to the exercise of outstanding stock options.
On February 11, 2002, the Registrant sold 41 shares of its Common Stock to an employee for aggregate consideration of $287, or approximately $7.00 per share, pursuant to the exercise of stock options.
(d) Issuances of Warrants.
On October 28, 1999, the Registrant issued a stock purchase warrant to purchase 14,118 shares of its Series C Preferred Stock at an exercise price of $8.50 per share, to Third Coast Capital, a division of DVI Financial Services, Inc., pursuant to a Master Loan and Security Agreement.
On November 6, 2001, the Registrant issued stock purchase warrants to purchase 703 shares of Common Stock at $0.01 per share to 2 investors, 1 of which represented to the Company that it was a natural person with a net worth over $1 million and both of which were existing shareholders of the Registrant, pursuant to a Note and Warrant Purchase Agreement.
On November 7, 2001, the Registrant issued stock purchase warrants to purchase 92,077 shares of Common Stock at $0.01 per share to 4 investors, all of which were accredited investors (2 of which represented to the Company that they were a natural person with a net worth over $1 million, 1 of which was an organization described in Section 501(c)(3) of the IRC, and 1 of which represented to the Company that it was a natural person with individual income greater than $200,000, or, if married, combined income with spouse of over $300,000, in 2 of the last 3 years) and existing shareholders of the Registrant, pursuant to a Note and Warrant Purchase Agreement.
On November 27, 2001, the Registrant issued a stock purchase warrant to purchase 176 shares of Common Stock at $0.01 per share to an accredited investor (which represented to the Company that it was a natural person with a net worth over $1 million) and existing shareholder of the Registrant, pursuant to a Note and Warrant Purchase Agreement.
On December 10, 2001, the Registrant issued a stock purchase warrant to purchase 26 shares of Common Stock at $0.01 per share to an investor and existing shareholder of the Registrant, pursuant to a Note and Warrant Purchase Agreement.
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On January 18, 2002, the Registrant issued a stock purchase warrant to purchase 8,785 shares of Common Stock at $0.01 per share to two investors, pursuant to a Note and Warrant Purchase Agreement.
(e) Issuances of Promissory Notes.
On November 6, 2001, the Registrant sold promissory notes in the principal amount of $40,000, to two investors, one of which was an accredited investor (which represented to the Company that it was a natural person with a net worth over $1 million) and both of which were existing shareholders of the Registrant, pursuant to a Note and Warrant Purchase Agreement.
On November 7, 2001, the Registrant sold promissory notes in the principal amount of $5,240,046, to four investors, all of which were accredited investors (2 of which represented to the Company that they were a natural person with a net worth over $1 million, 1 of which was an organization described in Section 501(c)(3) of the IRC, and 1 of which represented to the Company that it was a natural person with individual income greater than $200,000, or, if married, combined income with spouse of over $300,000, in 2 of the last 3 years) and existing shareholders of the Registrant, pursuant to a Note and Warrant Purchase Agreement.
On November 27, 2001, the Registrant sold promissory notes in the principal amount of $10,000, to an accredited investor (which represented to the Company that it was a natural person with a net worth over $1 million) and existing shareholder of the Registrant, pursuant to a Note and Warrant Purchase Agreement.
On January 18, 2002, the Registrant sold a promissory note in the principal amount of $500,000, to two investors, pursuant to a Note and Warrant Purchase Agreement.
There were no underwriters employed in connection with any of the transactions set forth in Item 15.
The issuances described in this Item 15 do not reflect the 1.75 to 1 reverse stock split.
The issuances described in Items 15(a), 15(b), 15(d) and 15(e) were made in reliance upon the exemption from registration provided pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Securities Act. The Company determined that each of these sales qualified as private placements under Section 4(2) because (i) neither the issuer nor any person acting on its behalf offered or sold these securities by any form of general solicitation or general advertising, (ii) no private placement included more than 3 non-accredited investors, (iii) in connection with each private placement, the Company provided written disclosure with respect to all relevant financial and other information to each investor, and (iv) the Company provided written disclosure to each purchaser prior to sale stating that the securities had not been registered under the Securities Act and, therefore, could not be resold unless they were registered under the Securities Act or unless an exemption from registration was available.
The issuances described in Item 15(c) were made in reliance upon the exemption from registration provided pursuant to Rule 701 promulgated under the Securities Act as securities sold pursuant to certain compensatory benefit plans and contracts relating to compensation.
The recipients of securities in each such transaction represented their intention to acquire the securities for investment only and not with a view to or for sale in connection with any distribution thereof and appropriate legends were affixed to the share certificates and other instruments issued in such transactions. All recipients either received adequate information about the Registrant or had access, through employment or other relationships, to such information.
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Item 16. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
a. Exhibits
Exhibit | ||||||||
Number | Description of Exhibit | |||||||
1.1* | — | Form of Underwriting Agreement. | ||||||
2.1# | — | Merger Agreement by and among Xando, Incorporated, Xando Merger Corp. and Cosí Sandwich Bar, Inc., dated as of October 4, 1999. | ||||||
3.1# | — | Form of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Cosí, Inc. | ||||||
3.2# | — | Form of Amended and Restated By-Laws of Cosí, Inc. | ||||||
4.1* | — | Form of Certificate of Common Stock. | ||||||
4.2# | — | Form of Rights Agreement between Cosí, Inc. and as Rights Agent. | ||||||
4.3# | — | Amended and Restated Registration Agreement, dated as of March 30, 1999. | ||||||
5.1* | — | Opinion of Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft as to the legality of the securities being registered. | ||||||
10.1# | — | Amended and Restated Cosí Stock Incentive Plan. | ||||||
10.2# | — | Cosí Employee Stock Purchase Plan. | ||||||
10.3# | — | Cosí Non Employee Director Stock Incentive Plan. | ||||||
10.4# | — | Cosí Sandwich Bar, Inc. Incentive Stock Option Plan | ||||||
10.5.1# | — | Employment Agreement between Cosí and Andy Stenzler, effective as of January 1, 2002. | ||||||
10.5.2# | — | Employment Agreement between Cosí and Jay Wainwright, effective as of January 1, 2002. | ||||||
10.5.3# | — | Employment Agreement between Cosí and Nick Marsh, effective as of January 1, 2002. | ||||||
10.5.4# | — | Employment Agreement between Cosí and David Orwasher, effective as of January 1, 2002. | ||||||
10.5.5# | — | Employment Agreement between Cosí and Shep Wainwright, effective as of January 1, 2002. | ||||||
21.1# | — | Subsidiaries of Cosí, Inc. | ||||||
23.1.1* | — | Consent of Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft. | ||||||
23.1.2† | — | Consent of Arthur Andersen LLP, dated as of April 15, 2002. | ||||||
23.1.3† | — | Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, dated as of April 15, 2002. | ||||||
24.1# | — | Power of Attorney. | ||||||
99.1# | — | Letter of the Registrant, addressed to the Securities and Exchange Commission, regarding representations to the Registrant from Arthur Andersen LLP. |
† | Filed herewith. |
# | Previously filed. |
* | To be filed by amendment. |
b. Financial Statement Schedules
Item 17. Undertakings
Cosí hereby undertakes to provide to the Underwriters at the closing specified in the Underwriting Agreement certificates in such denominations and registered in such names as required by the Underwriters to permit prompt delivery to each purchaser. Insofar as indemnification by Cosí for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of Cosí pursuant to the provisions referenced in Item 14 of this Registration Statement or otherwise, Cosí has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act, and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by Cosí of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer, employee or agent of Cosí in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer, employee or agent in connection with the securities being registered hereunder, Cosí will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
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Cosí hereby undertakes that:
(1) For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, the information omitted from the form of Prospectus filed as part of this Registration Statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by Cosí pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this Registration Statement as of the time it was declared effective; and | |
(2) For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of Prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at the time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, Cosí has duly caused this Amendment No. 2 to the registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of New York, New York, on June 4, 2002.
COSÍ, INC. |
By: | /s/ANDREW M. STENZLER |
Andrew M. Stenzler | |
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Amendment No. 2 to the registration statement has been signed on June 4, 2002 by the following persons in the capacities indicated.
Signature | Position | |
* Andrew M. Stenzler | Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | |
* Jonathan M. Wainwright, Jr. | President | |
* Kenneth S. Betuker | Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) | |
* Nicholas Marsh | Director | |
* Terry D. Diamond | Director | |
* Creed L. Ford, III | Director | |
* Eric J. Gleacher | Director | |
* D. Ian McKinnon | Director | |
* Jeffery M. Stork | Director | |
* Gregory J. Woolley | Director | |
*By /s/ ANDREW M. STENZLER Andrew M. Stenzler Attorney-in-Fact |
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