We conduct our worldwide reinsurance business through three operating segments: Property and Marine, Casualty and Finite Risk. The Property and Marine operating segment includes principally property and marine reinsurance coverages that are written in the United States and international markets. This operating segment includes property reinsurance, crop reinsurance and marine and aviation reinsurance. The Property and Marine operating segment includes reinsurance contracts that are either catastrophe excess-of-loss, per-risk excess-of-loss or proportional contracts. The Casualty operating segment includes principally reinsurance contracts that cover umbrella liability, general and product liability, professional liability, workers' compensation, casualty clash, automobile liability, surety, trade credit, political risk and accident and health. The Finite Risk operating segment includes principally structured reinsurance contracts with ceding companies whose needs may not be met efficiently through traditional reinsurance products. In exchange for contractual features that limit our downside risk, reinsurance contracts that we classify as finite risk provide the potential for significant profit commission to the ceding company. The classes of risks underwritten through finite risk contracts are generally consistent with the classes covered by traditional products. The finite risk contracts that we underwrite generally provide prospective protection, meaning coverage is provided for losses that are incurred after inception of the contract, as contrasted with retrospective coverage, which covers losses that are incurred prior to inception of the contract. The three main categories of finite risk contracts are quota share, multi-year excess-of-loss and whole account aggregate stop loss.
In managing our operating segments, we use measures such as underwriting income and underwriting ratios to evaluate segment performance. We do not allocate by segment our assets or certain income and expenses such as investment income, interest expense and certain corporate expenses. Total underwriting income is reconciled to income before income tax expense. The measures we use in evaluating our operating segments should not be used as a substitute for measures determined under U.S. GAAP. The following table summarizes underwriting activity and ratios for the operating segments, together with a reconciliation of total underwriting income to income before income tax expense, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 ($ in thousands):
Platinum Underwriters Holdings, Ltd. and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued
For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007 and 2006
| | Property and Marine | | | Casualty | | | Finite Risk | | | Total | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Three months ended September 30, 2007: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net premiums written | | $ | 142,549 | | | | 141,214 | | | | 8,369 | | | $ | 292,132 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net premiums earned | | | 128,380 | | | | 153,938 | | | | 7,992 | | | | 290,310 | |
Net losses and LAE | | | 43,396 | | | | 110,365 | | | | 10,162 | | | | 163,923 | |
Net acquisition expenses | | | 18,549 | | | | 33,403 | | | | (507 | ) | | | 51,445 | |
Other underwriting expenses | | | 12,086 | | | | 8,304 | | | | 367 | | | | 20,757 | |
Segment underwriting income (loss) | | $ | 54,349 | | | | 1,866 | | | | (2,030 | ) | | | 54,185 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | | | | 54,283 | |
Net realized losses on investments | | | | (864 | ) |
Net foreign currency exchange gains | | | | 1,429 | |
Other expense | | | | (659 | ) |
Corporate expenses not allocated to segments | | | | (7,404 | ) |
Interest expense | | | | (5,457 | ) |
Income before income tax expense | | | $ | 95,513 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Ratios: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss and LAE | | | 33.8 | % | | | 71.7 | % | | | 127.2 | % | | | 56.5 | % |
Net acquisition expense | | | 14.4 | % | | | 21.7 | % | | | (6.3 | %) | | | 17.7 | % |
Other underwriting expense | | | 9.4 | % | | | 5.4 | % | | | 4.6 | % | | | 7.1 | % |
Combined | | | 57.6 | % | | | 98.8 | % | | | 125.5 | % | | | 81.3 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Three months ended September 30, 2006: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net premiums written | | $ | 83,018 | | | | 202,302 | | | | 12,680 | | | $ | 298,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net premiums earned | | | 97,686 | | | | 214,427 | | | | 27,496 | | | | 339,609 | |
Net losses and LAE | | | 17,181 | | | | 149,698 | | | | 24,549 | | | | 191,428 | |
Net acquisition expenses | | | 14,895 | | | | 54,503 | | | | 5,596 | | | | 74,994 | |
Other underwriting expenses | | | 8,608 | | | | 9,464 | | | | 1,991 | | | | 20,063 | |
Segment underwriting income (loss) | | $ | 57,002 | | | | 762 | | | | (4,640 | ) | | | 53,124 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | | | | 48,302 | |
Net realized gains on investments | | | | (57 | ) |
Net foreign currency exchange gains | | | | (228 | ) |
Other expense | | | | 1,714 | |
Corporate expenses not allocated to segments | | | | (5,285 | ) |
Interest expense | | | | (5,452 | ) |
Income before income tax expense | | | $ | 92,118 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Ratios: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss and LAE | | | 17.6 | % | | | 69.8 | % | | | 89.3 | % | | | | 56.4 | % |
Acquisition expense | | | 15.2 | % | | | 25.4 | % | | | 20.4 | % | | | | 22.1 | % |
Other underwriting expense | | | 8.8 | % | | | 4.4 | % | | | 7.2 | % | | | | 5.9 | % |
Combined | | | 41.6 | % | | | 99.6 | % | | | 116.9 | % | | | | 84.4 | % |
Platinum Underwriters Holdings, Ltd. and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued
For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007 and 2006
| | Property and Marine | | | Casualty | | | Finite Risk | | | Total | |
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net premiums written | | $ | 399,429 | | | | 455,945 | | | | 23,398 | | | $ | 878,772 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net premiums earned | | | 373,226 | | | | 471,802 | | | | 26,048 | | | | 871,076 | |
Net losses and LAE | | | 149,265 | | | | 340,740 | | | | 20,262 | | | | 510,267 | |
Net acquisition expenses | | | 50,748 | | | | 105,499 | | | | 145 | | | | 156,392 | |
Other underwriting expenses | | | 32,696 | | | | 21,463 | | | | 1,994 | | | | 56,153 | |
Segment underwriting income | | $ | 140,517 | | | | 4,100 | | | | 3,647 | | | | 148,264 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | | | | 160,666 | |
Net realized losses on investments | | | | (2,521 | ) |
Net foreign currency exchange gains | | | | 2,887 | |
Other expense | | | | (3,645 | ) |
Corporate expenses not allocated to segments | | | | (21,322 | ) |
Interest expense | | | | (16,368 | ) |
Income before income tax expense | | | $ | 267,961 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Ratios: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss and LAE | | | 40.0 | % | | | 72.2 | % | | | 77.8 | % | | | 58.6 | % |
Net acquisition expense | | | 13.6 | % | | | 22.4 | % | | | 0.6 | % | | | 18.0 | % |
Other underwriting expense | | | 8.8 | % | | | 4.5 | % | | | 7.7 | % | | | 6.4 | % |
Combined | | | 62.4 | % | | | 99.1 | % | | | 86.1 | % | | | 83.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2006: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net premiums written | | $ | 333,906 | | | | 583,950 | | | | (16,816 | ) | | $ | 901,040 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net premiums earned | | | 342,322 | | | | 573,168 | | | | 105,485 | | | | 1,020,975 | |
Net losses and LAE | | | 104,876 | | | | 394,087 | | | | 86,703 | | | | 585,666 | |
Net acquisition expenses | | | 55,783 | | | | 141,025 | | | | 23,477 | | | | 220,285 | |
Other underwriting expenses | | | 27,642 | | | | 23,487 | | | | 3,935 | | | | 55,064 | |
Segment underwriting income (loss) | | $ | 154,021 | | | | 14,569 | | | | (8,630 | ) | | | 159,960 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | | | | 137,165 | |
Net realized gains on investments | | | | 22 | |
Net foreign currency exchange gains | | | | 461 | |
Other expense | | | | (1,927 | ) |
Corporate expenses not allocated to segments | | | | (16,664 | ) |
Interest expense | | | | (16,352 | ) |
Income before income tax expense | | | $ | 262,665 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Ratios: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss and LAE | | | 30.6 | % | | | 68.8 | % | | | 82.2 | % | | | 57.4 | % |
Net acquisition expense | | | 16.3 | % | | | 24.6 | % | | | 22.3 | % | | | 21.6 | % |
Other underwriting expense | | | 8.1 | % | | | 4.1 | % | | | 3.7 | % | | | 5.4 | % |
Combined | | | 55.0 | % | | | 97.5 | % | | | 108.2 | % | | | 84.4 | % |
Platinum Underwriters Holdings, Ltd. and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued
For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007 and 2006
5. Income Taxes
We provide for income tax expense based upon income reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and the provisions of currently enacted tax laws. Platinum Holdings and Platinum Bermuda are incorporated in Bermuda. Under current Bermuda law, they are not taxed on any Bermuda income or capital gains and they have received an assurance that if any legislation is enacted in Bermuda that would impose tax computed on profits or income, or computed on any capital asset, gain or appreciation, or any tax in the nature of estate duty or inheritance tax, then the imposition of any such tax will not be applicable to Platinum Holdings or Platinum Bermuda or any of their respective operations, shares, debentures or other obligations until March 28, 2016. We also have subsidiaries in the United States, United Kingdom and Ireland that are subject to the tax laws thereof. The income tax returns of our U.S. based subsidiaries that remain open to examination are for calendar years 2003 and forward.
A reconciliation of expected income tax expense, computed by applying a 35% income tax rate to income before income taxes, to actual income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 was as follows ($ in thousands):
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | |
Expected income tax expense at 35% | | $ | 93,786 | | | $ | 91,933 | |
Effect of foreign income subject to tax at rates other than 35% | | | (82,931 | ) | | | (71,726 | ) |
Tax exempt investment income | | | (1,112 | ) | | | (1,281 | ) |
Other, net | | | 3,432 | | | | 32 | |
Income tax expense | | $ | 13,175 | | | $ | 18,958 | |
6. Condensed Consolidating Financial Information |
Platinum Finance is a U.S. based intermediate holding company and a wholly owned subsidiary of Platinum Regency. The outstanding Series B 7.5% Notes, due June 1, 2017, issued by Platinum Finance are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Platinum Holdings. The outstanding Series B 6.371% Remarketed Senior Guaranteed Notes, due November 16, 2007, issued by Platinum Finance are also fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Platinum Holdings.
The payment of dividends from our regulated reinsurance subsidiaries is limited by applicable laws and statutory requirements of the jurisdictions in which the subsidiaries operate, including Bermuda, the United States and the United Kingdom. Based on the regulatory restrictions of the applicable jurisdictions, the maximum amount available for payment of dividends or other distributions by the reinsurance subsidiary of Platinum Finance in 2007 without prior regulatory approval is estimated to be approximately $13,000,000. The maximum amount available for payment of dividends or other distributions by the reinsurance subsidiaries of Platinum Holdings in 2007, including the reinsurance subsidiary of Platinum Finance, without prior regulatory approval is estimated to be approximately $307,000,000.
Platinum Underwriters Holdings, Ltd. and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued
For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007 and 2006
The tables below present condensed consolidating financial information of Platinum Holdings, Platinum Finance and the non-guarantor subsidiaries of Platinum Holdings as of September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 ($ in thousands):
Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet September 30, 2007 | | Platinum Holdings | | Platinum Finance | | Non-guarantor Subsidiaries | | Consolidating Adjustments | | | Consolidated | |
ASSETS | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total investments | | $ | – | | | 9,119 | | | 3,626,603 | | | – | | | $ | 3,635,722 | |
Investment in subsidiaries | | | 1,859,429 | | | 501,753 | | | 287,157 | | | (2,648,339 | ) | | | – | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | | 138,753 | | | 42,227 | | | 590,550 | | | – | | | | 771,530 | |
Reinsurance assets | | | – | | | – | | | 590,732 | | | – | | | | 590,732 | |
Other assets | | | 12,351 | | | 7,285 | | | 182,560 | | | – | | | | 202,196 | |
Total assets | | $ | 2,010,533 | | | 560,384 | | | 5,277,602 | | | (2,648,339 | ) | | $ | 5,200,180 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Reinsurance liabilities | | $ | – | | | – | | | 2,835,056 | | | – | | | $ | 2,835,056 | |
Debt obligations | | | – | | | 292,840 | | | – | | | – | | | | 292,840 | |
Other liabilities | | | 6,847 | | | 7,403 | | | 54,348 | | | – | | | | 68,598 | |
Total liabilities | | | 6,847 | | | 300,243 | | | 2,889,404 | | | – | | | | 3,196,494 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Shareholders’ Equity | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Preferred shares | | | 57 | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | | 57 | |
Common shares | | | 572 | | | – | | | 6,250 | | | (6,250 | ) | | | 572 | |
Additional paid-in capital | | | 1,458,721 | | | 193,152 | | | 1,896,356 | | | (2,089,508 | ) | | | 1,458,721 | |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | | | (44,111 | ) | | (7,325 | ) | | (51,218 | ) | | 58,543 | | | | (44,111 | ) |
Retained earnings | | | 588,447 | | | 74,314 | | | 536,810 | | | (611,124 | ) | | | 588,447 | |
Total shareholders' equity | | | 2,003,686 | | | 260,141 | | | 2,388,198 | | | (2,648,339 | ) | | | 2,003,686 | |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | | $ | 2,010,533 | | | 560,384 | | | 5,277,602 | | | (2,648,339 | ) | | $ | 5,200,180 | |
Platinum Underwriters Holdings, Ltd. and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued
For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007 and 2006
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet December 31, 2006 | | Platinum Holdings | | Platinum Finance | | Non-guarantor Subsidiaries | | Consolidating Adjustments | | | Consolidated | |
ASSETS | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total investments | | $ | – | | | 11,342 | | | 3,365,943 | | | – | | | $ | 3,377,285 | |
Investment in subsidiaries | | | 1,749,762 | | | 475,194 | | | 402,098 | | | (2,627,054 | ) | | | – | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | | 106,039 | | | 39,294 | | | 706,319 | | | – | | | | 851,652 | |
Reinsurance assets | | | – | | | – | | | 765,928 | | | – | | | | 765,928 | |
Income tax recoverable | | | – | | | (1,418 | ) | | 8,933 | | | – | | | | 7,515 | |
Other assets | | | 9,296 | | | 3,792 | | | 78,099 | | | – | | | | 91,187 | |
Total assets | | $ | 1,865,097 | | | 528,204 | | | 5,327,320 | | | (2,627,054 | ) | | $ | 5,093,567 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Reinsurance liabilities | | $ | – | | | – | | | 2,880,715 | | | – | | | $ | 2,880,715 | |
Debt obligations | | | – | | | 292,840 | | | – | | | – | | | | 292,840 | |
Other liabilities | | | 7,036 | | | 2,024 | | | 52,891 | | | – | | | | 61,951 | |
Total liabilities | | | 7,036 | | | 294,864 | | | 2,933,606 | | | – | | | | 3,235,506 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Shareholders’ Equity | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Preferred shares | | | 57 | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | | 57 | |
Common shares | | | 597 | | | – | | | 6,250 | | | (6,250 | ) | | | 597 | |
Additional paid-in capital | | | 1,545,979 | | | 192,203 | | | 2,051,468 | | | (2,243,671 | ) | | | 1,545,979 | |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | | | (44,289 | ) | | (9,071 | ) | | (55,012 | ) | | 64,083 | | | | (44,289 | ) |
Retained earnings | | | 355,717 | | | 50,208 | | | 391,008 | | | (441,216 | ) | | | 355,717 | |
Total shareholders' equity | | | 1,858,061 | | | 233,340 | | | 2,393,714 | | | (2,627,054 | ) | | | 1,858,061 | |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | | $ | 1,865,097 | | | 528,204 | | | 5,327,320 | | | (2,627,054 | ) | | $ | 5,093,567 | |
Platinum Underwriters Holdings, Ltd. and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued
For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007 and 2006
Consolidating Statement of Operations For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2007 | | Platinum Holdings | | Platinum Finance | | Non-guarantor Subsidiaries | | Consolidating Adjustments | | | Consolidated | |
Revenue: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net premiums earned | | $ | – | | | – | | | 290,310 | | | – | | | $ | 290,310 | |
Net investment income | | | 2,526 | | | 644 | | | 51,113 | | | – | | | | 54,283 | |
Net realized losses on investments | | | – | | | – | | | ( 864 | ) | | – | | | | (864 | ) |
Other income (expense), net | | | 2,623 | | | – | | | (3,282 | ) | | – | | | | (659 | ) |
Total revenue | | | 5,149 | | | 644 | | | 337,277 | | | – | | | | 343,070 | |
Expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net losses and loss adjustment expenses | | | – | | | – | | | 163,923 | | | – | | | | 163,923 | |
Net acquisition expenses | | | – | | | – | | | 51,445 | | | – | | | | 51,445 | |
Operating expenses | | | 7,256 | | | 105 | | | 20,800 | | | – | | | | 28,161 | |
Net foreign currency exchange gains | | | – | | | – | | | (1,429 | ) | | – | | | | (1,429 | ) |
Interest expense | | | – | | | 5,457 | | | – | | | – | | | | 5,457 | |
Total expenses | | | 7,256 | | | 5,562 | | | 234,739 | | | – | | | | 247,557 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit) | | | (2,107 | ) | | (4,918 | ) | | 102,538 | | | – | | | | 95,513 | |
Income tax expense (benefit) | | | – | | | (1,590 | ) | | 5,800 | | | – | | | | 4,210 | |
Income (loss) before equity in earnings of subsidiaries | | | (2,107 | ) | | (3,328 | ) | | 96,738 | | | – | | | | 91,303 | |
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries | | | 93,410 | | | 11,723 | | | 12,074 | | | (117,207 | ) | | | – | |
Net income | | | 91,303 | | | 8,395 | | | 108,812 | | | (117,207 | ) | | | 91,303 | |
Preferred dividends | | | 2,602 | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | | 2,602 | |
Net income attributable to common shareholders | | $ | 88,701 | | | 8,395 | | | 108,812 | | | (117,207 | ) | | $ | 88,701 | |
Platinum Underwriters Holdings, Ltd. and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued
For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007 and 2006
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Consolidating Statement of Operations For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007 | | Platinum Holdings | | Platinum Finance | | Non-guarantor Subsidiaries | | Consolidating Adjustments | | | Consolidated | |
Revenue: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net premiums earned | | $ | – | | | – | | | 871,076 | | | – | | | $ | 871,076 | |
Net investment income | | | | | | | | | 153,602 | | | – | | | | 160,666 | |
Net realized losses on investments | | | – | | | – | | | (2,521 | ) | | – | | | | (2,521 | ) |
Other income (expense), net | | | | | | – | | | (8,123 | ) | | – | | | | (3,645 | ) |
Total revenue | | | 9,659 | | | 1,883 | | | 1,014,034 | | | – | | | | 1,025,576 | |
Expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net losses and loss adjustment expenses | | | – | | | – | | | 510,267 | | | – | | | | 510,267 | |
Net acquisition expenses | | | – | | | – | | | 156,392 | | | – | | | | 156,392 | |
Operating expenses | | | | | | | | | 56,269 | | | – | | | | 77,475 | |
Net foreign currency exchange gains | | | – | | | – | | | (2,887 | ) | | – | | | | (2,887 | ) |
Interest expense | | | – | | | 16,368 | | | – | | | – | | | | 16,368 | |
Total expenses | | | 20,915 | | | 16,659 | | | 720,041 | | | – | | | | 757,615 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit) | | | (11,256 | ) | | (14,776 | ) | | 293,993 | | | – | | | | 267,961 | |
Income tax expense (benefit) | | | – | | | (4,996 | ) | | | | | – | | | | 13,175 | |
Income (loss) before equity in earnings of subsidiaries | | | (11,256 | ) | | (9,780 | ) | | | | | – | | | | 254,786 | |
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries | | | 266,042 | | | | | | 37,480 | | | (337,409 | ) | | | – | |
Net income | | | 254,786 | | | 24,107 | | | 313,302 | | | (337,409 | ) | | | 254,786 | |
Preferred dividends | | | 7,806 | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | | 7,806 | |
Net income attributable to common shareholders | | $ | 246,980 | | | 24,107 | | | 313,302 | | | (337,409 | ) | | $ | 246,980 | |
Platinum Underwriters Holdings, Ltd. and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued
For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007 and 2006
Consolidating Statement of Operations For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2006 | | Platinum Holdings | | Platinum Finance | | Non-guarantor Subsidiaries | | Consolidating Adjustments | | | Consolidated | |
Revenue: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net premiums earned | | $ | – | | | – | | | 339,609 | | | – | | | $ | 339,609 | |
Net investment income | | | 1,568 | | | 171 | | | 46,563 | | | – | | | | 48,302 | |
Net realized gains on investments | | | – | | | – | | | (57 | ) | | – | | | | (57 | ) |
Other expense, net | | | 2,000 | | | – | | | (286 | ) | | – | | | | 1,714 | |
Total revenue | | | 3,568 | | | 171 | | | 385,829 | | | – | | | | 389,568 | |
Expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net losses and loss adjustment expenses | | | – | | | – | | | 191,428 | | | – | | | | 191,428 | |
Net acquisition expenses | | | – | | | – | | | 74,994 | | | – | | | | 74,994 | |
Operating expenses | | | 5,167 | | | 105 | | | 20,076 | | | – | | | | 25,348 | |
Net foreign currency exchange losses | | | – | | | – | | | 228 | | | – | | | | 228 | |
Interest expense | | | – | | | 5,452 | | | – | | | – | | | | 5,452 | |
Total expenses | | | 5,167 | | | 5,557 | | | 286,726 | | | – | | | | 297,450 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit) | | | (1,599 | ) | | (5,386 | ) | | 99,103 | | | – | | | | 92,118 | |
Income tax expense (benefit) | | | – | | | (1,870 | ) | | 9,065 | | | – | | | | 7,195 | |
Income (loss) before equity in earnings of subsidiaries | | | (1,599 | ) | | (3,516 | ) | | 90,038 | | | – | | | | 84,923 | |
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries | | | 86,522 | | | 12,443 | | | 14,097 | | | (113,062 | ) | | | – | |
Net income | | | 84,923 | | | 8,927 | | | 104,135 | | | (113,062 | ) | | | 84,923 | |
Preferred dividends | | | 2,602 | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | | 2,602 | |
Net income attributable to common shareholders | | $ | 82,321 | | | 8,927 | | | 104,135 | | | (113,062 | ) | | $ | 82,321 | |
Platinum Underwriters Holdings, Ltd. and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued
For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007 and 2006
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Consolidating Statement of Operations For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2006 | | Platinum Holdings | | Platinum Finance | | Non-guarantor Subsidiaries | | Consolidating Adjustments | | | Consolidated | |
Revenue: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net premiums earned | | $ | – | | | – | | | 1,020,975 | | | – | | | $ | 1,020,975 | |
Net investment income | | | 4,474 | | | 618 | | | 132,073 | | | – | | | | 137,165 | |
Net realized gains on investments | | | – | | | – | | | 22 | | | – | | | | 22 | |
Other income (expense), net | | | 3,100 | | | – | | | (5,027 | ) | | – | | | | (1,927 | ) |
Total revenue | | | 7,574 | | | 618 | | | 1,148,043 | | | – | | | | 1,156,235 | |
Expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net losses and loss adjustment expenses | | | – | | | – | | | 585,666 | | | – | | | | 585,666 | |
Net acquisition expenses | | | – | | | – | | | 220,285 | | | – | | | | 220,285 | |
Operating expenses | | | 16,039 | | | 471 | | | 55,218 | | | – | | | | 71,728 | |
Net foreign currency exchange gains | | | – | | | – | | | (461 | ) | | – | | | | (461 | ) |
Interest expense | | | – | | | 16,352 | | | – | | | – | | | | 16,352 | |
Total expenses | | | 16,039 | | | 16,823 | | | 860,708 | | | – | | | | 893,570 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit) | | | (8,465 | ) | | (16,205 | ) | | 287,335 | | | – | | | | 262,665 | |
Income tax expense (benefit) | | | – | | | (5,656 | ) | | 24,614 | | | – | | | | 18,958 | |
Income (loss) before equity in earnings of subsidiaries | | | (8,465 | ) | | (10,549 | ) | | 262,721 | | | – | | | | 243,707 | |
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries | | | 252,172 | | | 45,670 | | | 37,162 | | | (335,004 | ) | | | – | |
Net income | | | 243,707 | | | 35,121 | | | 299,883 | | | (335,004 | ) | | | 243,707 | |
Preferred dividends | | | 7,780 | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | | 7,780 | |
Net income attributable to common shareholders | | $ | 235,927 | | | 35,121 | | | 299,883 | | | (335,004 | ) | | $ | 235,927 | |
Platinum Underwriters Holdings, Ltd. and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued
For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007 and 2006
Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows | | | | Non- | | | | | | |
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007 | | Platinum Holdings | | Platinum Finance | | guarantor Subsidiaries | | Consolidating Adjustments | | | Consolidated | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | | $ | (8,398 | ) | | (9,319 | ) | | 361,532 | | | – | | | $ | 343,815 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investing Activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from sale of available-for-sale fixed maturity securities | | | – | | | 76 | | | 84,740 | | | – | | | | 84,816 | |
Proceeds from maturity or paydown of available-for-sale fixed maturity securities | | | – | | | 2,176 | | | 838,053 | | | – | | | | 840,229 | |
Acquisition of available-for-sale fixed maturities | | | – | | | – | | | (1,231,479 | ) | | – | | | | (1,231,479 | ) |
Proceeds from sale of other invested asset | | | – | | | – | | | 4,745 | | | – | | | | 4,745 | |
Increase in short-term investments | | | – | | | – | | | (5,859 | ) | | – | | | | (5,859 | ) |
Dividends from subsidiaries | | | 157,500 | | | 10,000 | | | – | | | (167,500 | ) | | | – | |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | | | 157,500 | | | 12,252 | | | (309,800 | ) | | (167,500 | ) | | | (307,548 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Financing Activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Dividends paid to preferred shareholders | | | (7,806 | ) | | – | | | – | | | – | | | | (7,806 | ) |
Dividends paid to common shareholders | | | (14,250 | ) | | – | | | (167,500 | ) | | 167,500 | | | | (14,250 | ) |
Proceeds from exercise of share options | | | 22,640 | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | | 22,640 | |
Purchase of common shares | | | (116,973 | ) | | – | | | – | | | – | | | | (116,973 | ) |
Net cash used in financing activities | | | (116,389 | ) | | – | | | (167,500 | ) | | 167,500 | | | | (116,389 | ) |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | | | 32,713 | | | 2,933 | | | (115,768 | ) | | – | | | | (80,122 | ) |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | | | 106,039 | | | 39,294 | | | 706,319 | | | | | | | 851,652 | |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | | $ | 138,752 | | | 42,227 | | | 590,551 | | | – | | | $ | 771,530 | |
Platinum Underwriters Holdings, Ltd. and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), continued
For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007 and 2006
| | | | | | | | | | |
Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows | | | | Non- | | | | | | |
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2006 | | Platinum Holdings | | Platinum Finance | | guarantor Subsidiaries | | Consolidating Adjustments | | | Consolidated | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | | $ | (11,538 | ) | | (3,009 | ) | | 474,545 | | | – | | | $ | 459,998 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investing Activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from sale of available-for-sale fixed maturity securities | | | – | | | – | | | 195,899 | | | – | | | | 195,899 | |
Proceeds from maturity or paydown of available-for-sale fixed maturity securities | | | – | | | 1,212 | | | 183,397 | | | – | | | | 184,609 | |
Acquisition of available-for-sale fixed maturity securities | | | – | | | (498 | ) | | (846,778 | ) | | – | | | | (847,276 | ) |
Increase in short-term investments | | | – | | | - | | | (31,412 | ) | | – | | | | (31,412 | ) |
Contributions to subsidiaries | | | – | | | (300 | ) | | 300 | | | – | | | | – | |
Dividends from subsidiaries | | | | | | 20,000 | | | | | | (20,000 | ) | | | – | |
Net cash used in investing activities | | | – | | | 20,414 | | | (498,594 | ) | | (20,000 | ) | | | (498,180 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Financing Activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Dividends paid to common shareholders | | | (7,216 | ) | | – | | | – | | | – | | | | (7,216 | ) |
Dividends paid to preferred shareholders | | | (14,254 | ) | | – | | | (20,000 | ) | | 20,000 | | | | (14,254 | ) |
Proceeds from exercise of share options | | | 12,229 | | | – | | | – | | | – | | | | 12,229 | |
Net cash used in financing activities | | | (9,241 | ) | | – | | | (20,000 | ) | | 20,000 | | | | (9,241 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | | | (20,779 | ) | | 17,405 | | | (44,049 | ) | | – | | | | (47,423 | ) |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | | | 129,962 | | | 5,010 | | | 685,774 | | | – | | | | 820,746 | |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | | $ | 109,183 | | | 22,415 | | | 641,725 | | | – | | | $ | 773,323 | |
7. Cessation of Underwriting in the United Kingdom |
During 2006 we expanded the scale and scope of Platinum Bermuda to become the principal carrier for our global catastrophe and financial lines reinsurance portfolios and in 2007 we ceased underwriting reinsurance in Platinum UK. Platinum UK filed a Scheme of Operations with the U.K. Financial Services Authority in 2007 which outlined actions for Platinum UK to become a non-underwriting operation and to return a significant portion of its capital to Platinum Holdings. These actions include a 100% loss portfolio transfer of Platinum UK’s reinsurance business to Platinum Bermuda and a plan for the administration of in force contracts and related claims. During 2007 we completed the loss portfolio transfer and returned $155,000,000 of the capital of Platinum UK to Platinum Holdings.
8. Company Share Repurchase |
On August 4, 2004 the Board of Directors of the Company approved a program to repurchase up to $50,000,000 of the Company’s common shares. On July 26, 2007 the Board of Directors of the Company approved an increase in the existing repurchase program by approximately $222,561,000 to result in authority as of such date to repurchase up to a total of $250,000,000. During the three months ended September 30, 2007, the Company purchased 3,096,228 of its common shares in the open market at an aggregate purchase price of $104,397,000 and a weighted average purchase price of $33.72 per share. The common shares purchased by the Company were canceled. On October 25, 2007 the Board of Directors of the Company approved an additional increase to the repurchase program by approximately $103,000,000 to result in authority as of such date to repurchase up to a total of $250,000,000.
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
Business Overview
Platinum Underwriters Holdings, Ltd. ("Platinum Holdings") is a Bermuda holding company organized in 2002. Platinum Holdings and its subsidiaries (collectively, the "Company") operate through two licensed reinsurance subsidiaries: Platinum Underwriters Bermuda, Ltd. ("Platinum Bermuda") and Platinum Underwriters Reinsurance, Inc. ("Platinum US"). The terms "we", "us", and "our" also refer to Platinum Holdings and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise indicates. We provide property and marine, casualty and finite risk reinsurance coverages, through reinsurance intermediaries, to a diverse clientele of insurers and select reinsurers on a worldwide basis. Through December 31, 2006, we also underwrote business through Platinum Re (UK) Ltd. ("Platinum UK"). In 2007 Platinum UK ceased underwriting reinsurance business.
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto and management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006. Our condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("U.S. GAAP").
We write property and casualty reinsurance. Property reinsurance protects a ceding company against financial loss arising out of damage to the insured’s property or loss of its use caused by an insured peril. Property insurance covers damage principally to buildings and their contents and may be in the form of catastrophe coverage or per-risk coverage. Catastrophe reinsurance coverage protects a ceding company against losses arising out of multiple claims for a single event, while per-risk reinsurance coverage protects a ceding company against loss arising out of a single claim for a single risk or policy. We also write marine reinsurance which protects a ceding company against financial loss arising out of damage to ships and cargo. Casualty reinsurance protects a ceding company against financial loss arising out of the insured’s obligation to others for loss or damage to their persons or property. Examples of casualty coverages are umbrella liability, general and product liability, professional liability, workers' compensation, casualty clash, automobile liability, surety, trade credit, political risk and accident and health. Casualty reinsurance may also be in the form of catastrophe and per-risk contracts.
The property and casualty reinsurance industry is highly competitive. We compete with reinsurers worldwide, many of which have greater financial, marketing and management resources than we do. Our competitors vary by type of business. Large multi-national and multi-line reinsurers represent some of our competitors in all lines and classes, while specialty reinsurance companies in the United States compete in selective lines. Financial institutions have also created alternative capital market products that compete with reinsurance products, such as reinsurance securitization. Bermuda-based reinsurers tend to be significant competitors on property catastrophe business. Lloyd’s of London syndicates are our significant competitors on marine business. For casualty and other international classes of business, the large U.S. and European reinsurers are our significant competitors.
The reinsurance industry historically has been cyclical, characterized by periods of price competition due to excessive underwriting capacity as well as periods of favorable pricing due to shortages of underwriting capacity. Cyclical trends in the industry and the industry's profitability can also be significantly affected by volatile developments, including natural and other catastrophes, such as hurricanes, windstorms, earthquakes, floods, fires, explosions and terrorist attacks, the frequency and severity of which are inherently difficult to predict. Property and casualty reinsurance rates often rise in the aftermath of significant catastrophe losses. To the extent that actual claim liabilities are higher than anticipated, the industry's capacity to write new business diminishes. The industry is also affected by changes in the propensity of courts to expand insurance coverage and grant large liability awards, as well as fluctuations in interest rates, inflation and other changes in the economic environment that affect market prices of investments.
Results of Operations
Three Months Ended September 30, 2007 as Compared with the Three Months Ended September 30, 2006
Net income for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 was as follows ($ in thousands):
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | Increase | |
Net income | | $ | 91,303 | | | | 84,923 | | | $ | 6,380 | |
The increase in net income is primarily due to an increase in net investment income of $5,981,000, which resulted from slightly higher yields and positive cash flows from operations in the 12 months since September 30, 2006. Underwriting income consists of net premiums earned less net losses and loss adjustment expenses ("LAE"), net acquisition expenses and operating costs related to underwriting operations. The adverse impact from major catastrophes was approximately $4,709,000 in 2007 as compared with no major catastrophe losses in 2006. Net favorable development, which includes the development of prior years’ unpaid losses and LAE and the related impact on premiums and commissions, contributed to underwriting income in 2007 and 2006. Net favorable development was $13,417,000 and $19,980,000 in 2007 and 2006, respectively. Underwriting income in 2007 was comparable to underwriting income in 2006 despite the decline in net favorable development and an increase in catastrophe losses due to the increase in property catastrophe premiums, which produce significantly higher underwriting profits when there is a low level of catastrophe losses. The increased property catastrophe underwriting profits were partially offset by decreased profitability in the non-property catastrophe classes as a result of declining rate adequacy.
Gross, ceded and net premiums written and earned for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 were as follows ($ in thousands):
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | Decrease | |
Gross premiums written | | $ | 296,530 | | | | 319,625 | | | $ | 23,095 | |
Ceded premiums written | | | 4,398 | | | | 21,625 | | | | 17,227 | |
Net premiums written | | | 292,132 | | | | 298,000 | | | | 5,868 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross premiums earned | | | 293,833 | | | | 369,782 | | | | 75,949 | |
Ceded premiums earned | | | 3,523 | | | | 30,173 | | | | 26,650 | |
Net premiums earned | | $ | 290,310 | | | | 339,609 | | | $ | 49,299 | |
The decrease in gross premiums written in 2007 as compared with 2006 was attributable primarily to declines in premiums written in the Casualty segment, partially offset by increases in the Property and Marine segment. The decline in casualty gross premiums written was primarily in the excess umbrella class, where fewer opportunities met our underwriting standards. The increase in property and marine gross premiums written resulted primarily from an increase in property excess catastrophe business. Gross premiums written were also impacted by different methods of estimating premiums written between Platinum UK and Platinum Bermuda. Platinum UK estimated that the ultimate premium related to its reinsurance contracts were written at contract inception. Platinum Bermuda and Platinum US estimate premiums written on the basis that the policies underlying their reinsurance contracts incept at later periods throughout the term of the reinsurance contract. Consequently, the estimates of premiums written for reinsurance contracts written by Platinum UK in 2006 were higher at inception and for the first calendar quarter than for reinsurance contracts written by Platinum Bermuda and Platinum US. In 2007, Platinum UK ceased underwriting business and all business written by the Company is now written through Platinum Bermuda and Platinum US. This difference in timing for estimates of premiums written resulted in an increase in gross and net premiums written of approximately $40,043,000 and $32,554,000, respectively, in 2007 as compared with 2006. The basis for recording net premiums earned was consistent for all subsidiaries and, therefore, this difference had no impact on net premiums earned, underwriting income or net income. The decrease in ceded written premiums, which resulted in an increase in net premiums written, was attributable to the non-renewal in 2007 of the quota share retrocession agreement effective January 1, 2006 (the "Property Quota Share Agreement") under which Platinum US and Platinum UK ceded 30% of their new and renewal property catastrophe business effective on or after January 1, 2006 to a non-affiliated reinsurer.
Net investment income for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 was $54,283,000 and $48,302,000, respectively. Net investment income increased in 2007 as compared with 2006 due to increased invested assets as well as a slight increase in yields on invested assets. The increase in invested assets was attributable to positive net cash flows from operations in the twelve months since September 30, 2006. Net investment income includes interest earned on funds held of $1,027,000 and $1,945,000 in 2007 and 2006, respectively. Net realized losses on investments were $864,000 and $57,000 in 2007 and 2006, respectively. Net realized gains and losses on investments primarily result from our efforts to manage credit quality, duration and sector allocation of the investment portfolio as well as to balance our foreign currency denominated invested assets with our foreign currency denominated liabilities. Also in 2007, Platinum UK sold securities in order to execute transactions in connection with its Scheme of Operations. See Note 7 of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. We recorded a charge of $809,000 relating to other-than-temporary impairments which was included within net realized losses on investments in the consolidated statement of operations in 2007.
Other income (expense) for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 was ($659,000) and $1,714,000, respectively. Other expense in 2007 includes $2,357,000 of net unrealized gains relating to changes in fair value of fixed maturity securities classified as trading, $119,000 of net expense on reinsurance contracts accounted for as deposits, an expense of $855,000 relating to an option to purchase reinsurance which was not exercised and an expense of $2,100,000 for the fair value adjustment of an insurance linked derivative contract. Other expense for 2006 includes $1,834,000 of net unrealized gains relating to fixed maturity securities classified as trading and $170,000 of net expense on reinsurance contracts accounted for as deposits.
Net losses and LAE and the resulting net loss and LAE ratios for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 were as follows ($ in thousands):
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | Increase (decrease) | |
Net losses and LAE | | $ | 163,923 | | | | 191,428 | | | $ | (27,505 | ) |
Net loss and LAE ratios | | | 56.5 | % | | | 56.4 | % | | 0.1 points | |
The decrease in net losses and LAE was primarily due to the decrease in net premiums earned. While the 2007 and 2006 net loss and LAE ratios are comparable, there are offsetting impacts of net loss development and catastrophe losses. Net losses and LAE in 2007 included $4,882,000 of losses from current year major catastrophes, representing 1.7% of net premiums earned, as compared with no losses from major catastrophes in 2006. Net favorable loss development was $10,480,000 in 2007 representing 3.6% of net premiums earned, as compared with $21,652,000 in 2006 representing 6.4% of net premiums earned. Exclusive of catastrophe and loss development, the net loss and LAE ratio decreased by approximately 4.1% in 2007 as compared with 2006 due primarily to the increase in the property catastrophe business that had a lower net loss and LAE ratio relative to the remainder of the business and the decline in casualty business that had a higher net loss and LAE ratio relative to the remainder of our business. The net loss and LAE ratios were also affected by other changes in the mix of business.
Net acquisition expenses and resulting net acquisition expense ratios for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 were as follows ($ in thousands):
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | Decrease | |
Net acquisition expenses | | $ | 51,445 | | | | 74,994 | | | $ | 23,549 | |
Net acquisition expense ratios | | | 17.7 | % | | | 22.1 | % | | 4.4 points | |
The decrease in net acquisition expenses in 2007 as compared with 2006 was primarily due to the decrease in net premiums earned. The decrease in the net acquisition expense ratio was the result of changes in the mixes of business, in both the Property and Marine and Casualty segments. In 2007 we wrote more property catastrophe excess business which had relatively lower net acquisition expense ratios and less property proportional contracts with relatively higher net acquisition expense ratios. The decrease in the net acquisition expense ratio is also attributable to the decrease in umbrella premiums in the Casualty segment which had a higher net acquisition expense ratio relative to the remainder of our business.
Operating expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 were $28,161,000 and $25,348,000 respectively. Operating expenses include costs such as salaries, rent and like items related to reinsurance operations as well as costs associated with Platinum Holdings and its non-operating intermediate holding company subsidiaries. The increase in 2007 was due to increased compensation and related expenses and increased fees relating to the Services and Capacity Reservation Agreement dated November 1, 2002 with RenaissanceRe Holdings Ltd. (the "RenRe Agreement"). Fees related to the RenRe Agreement increased as a result of increased property catastrophe premiums. The RenRe Agreement expired on September 30, 2007 and was not renewed.
Net foreign currency exchange (gains) losses for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 were ($1,429,000) and $228,000, respectively. We routinely transact business in various currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Foreign currency exchange gains and losses result from the re-valuation into U.S. dollars of assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. We periodically monitor our largest foreign currency exposures and purchase or sell foreign currency denominated invested assets to match these exposures. Net foreign currency exchange gains and losses arise as a result of fluctuations in the amounts of assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar as well as fluctuations in the currency exchange rates. The net foreign currency exchange gain in 2007 is the result of our holding more non-U.S. dollar denominated assets than non-U.S. dollar denominated liabilities, primarily Euros and the British pound sterling ("GBP"), while the U.S. dollar declined in value against these currencies.
Interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 was $5,457,000 and $5,452,000 respectively. The amounts are substantially the same as the debt outstanding and related interest rates in 2007 and 2006 were unchanged.
Income tax expense and the effective income tax rates for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 were as follows ($ in thousands):
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | Decrease | |
Income tax expense | | $ | 4,210 | | | | 7,195 | | | $ | 2,985 | |
Effective income tax rates | | | 4.4 | % | | | 7.8 | % | | 3.4 points | |
The decrease in income tax expense was due to the decrease in the effective income tax rate in 2007 as compared with 2006. The decrease in the effective income tax rate was due to a greater portion of income before income tax expense being generated by Platinum Holdings and Platinum Bermuda in 2007, which are not subject to corporate income tax. In 2007, the combined net income derived from Platinum Holdings and Platinum Bermuda was 81.8% as compared with 75.7% in 2006. The effective tax rate in any given year is based on income before income tax expense of our subsidiaries that operate in various jurisdictions each of which has its own corporate income tax rate.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007 as Compared with the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2006
Net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 was as follows ($ in thousands):
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | Increase | |
Net income | | $ | 254,786 | | | | 243,707 | | | $ | 11,079 | |
The increase in net income was primarily due to an increase in net investment income of $23,501,000, partially offset by a decline in underwriting income of $11,696,000. The decline in underwriting income in 2007 as compared with 2006 was primarily due to the estimated net adverse impact of $27,461,000 from European storm Kyrill and $10,305,000 from floods in the United Kingdom in 2007. Net favorable development also contributed to underwriting income in both 2007 and 2006. Net favorable development was $49,501,000 and $32,078,000 in 2007 and 2006, respectively. Net income in 2007 was also favorably affected by a decrease in income tax expense of $5,783,000.
Gross, ceded and net premiums written and earned for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 were as follows ($ in thousands):
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | Decrease | |
Gross premiums written | | $ | 894,127 | | | | 984,797 | | | $ | 90,670 | |
Ceded premiums written | | | 15,355 | | | | 83,757 | | | | 68,402 | |
Net premiums written | | | 878,772 | | | | 901,040 | | | | 22,268 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross premiums earned | | | 887,015 | | | | 1,092,668 | | | | 205,653 | |
Ceded premiums earned | | | 15,939 | | | | 71,693 | | | | 55,754 | |
Net premiums earned | | $ | 871,076 | | | | 1,020,975 | | | $ | 149,899 | |
The decrease in gross premiums written in 2007 as compared with 2006 was primarily attributable to decreases in gross premiums written across most classes in the Casualty segment, reflecting fewer opportunities that met our underwriting standards. Partially offsetting the decrease in casualty gross written premiums was an increase in property catastrophe gross written premiums. Also affecting the comparison of gross premiums in 2007 to 2006 is a reduction of gross premiums written in 2006 of $56,589,000 relating to the termination of a finite risk contract. The decrease in ceded written premiums, which resulted in an increase in net premiums written, was attributable to the non-renewal in 2007 of the 2006 Property Quota Share Agreement. The decrease in net premiums earned was due to decreases in current and prior year’s written premiums.
Net investment income for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 was $160,666,000 and $137,165,000, respectively. Net investment income increased in 2007 as compared with 2006 primarily due to increased invested assets as well as a slight increase in yields on invested assets. The increase in invested assets was attributable to positive net cash flows from operations in the twelve months since September 30, 2006. Net investment income includes interest earned on funds held of $4,417,000 and $6,215,000 in 2007 and 2006, respectively. Net realized gains (losses) on investments were ($2,521,000) and $22,000 in 2007 and 2006, respectively. Net realized gains and losses on investments primarily result from our efforts to manage credit quality, duration and sector allocation of the investment portfolio as well as to balance our foreign currency denominated invested assets with our foreign currency denominated liabilities. Also in 2007, Platinum UK sold securities in order to execute transactions in connection with its Scheme of Operations. See Note 7 of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. We recorded a charge of $809,000 relating to other-than-temporary impairments which was included within net realized losses on investments in the consolidated statement of operations in 2007.
Other expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 was $3,645,000 and $1,927,000, respectively. Other expense in 2007 includes $357,000 of net unrealized losses relating to changes in fair value of fixed maturity securities classified as trading, $347,000 of net expense on reinsurance contracts accounted for as deposits, an expense of $900,000 relating to an option to purchase reinsurance which was not exercised and an expense of $2,100,000 for the fair value adjustment of an insurance linked derivative contract. Other expense in 2006 includes $1,404,000 of net unrealized losses relating to fixed maturity securities classified as trading and $573,000 of net expense relating to reinsurance contracts accounted for as deposits.
Net losses and LAE and the resulting net loss and LAE ratios for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 were as follows ($ in thousands):
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | Increase (decrease) | |
Net losses and LAE | | $ | 510,267 | | | | 585,666 | | | $ | (75,399 | ) |
Net loss and LAE ratios | | | 58.6 | % | | | 57.4 | % | | 1.2 points | |
The decrease in net losses and LAE in 2007 as compared to 2006 was primarily due to the decrease in net premiums earned, partially offset by losses of $32,645,000 from European storm Kyrill and $11,428,000 from floods in the United Kingdom in 2007. The increase in the net loss and LAE ratio in 2007 as compared to 2006 was primarily due to the net losses from Kyrill and the floods in the United Kingdom, as compared with no major catastrophe losses in 2006. Net losses and LAE and the resulting net loss and LAE ratios were also impacted by net favorable loss development of $47,671,000, representing 5.5% of net premiums earned in 2007, and $33,583,000 representing 3.3% of net premiums earned during 2006. The net loss and LAE ratios were also affected by changes in the mix of business.
Net acquisition expenses and resulting net acquisition expense ratios for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 were as follows ($ in thousands):
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | Decrease | |
Net acquisition expenses | | $ | 156,392 | | | | 220,285 | | | $ | 63,893 | |
Net acquisition expense ratios | | | 18.0 | % | | | 21.6 | % | | 3.6 points | |
The decrease in net acquisition expenses in 2007 as compared with 2006 was primarily due to the decrease in net premiums earned. The decrease in the net acquisition expense ratio in 2007 as compared with 2006 was primarily due to the decrease in the Property and Marine segment of assumed proportional business with relatively higher acquisition expense ratios and an increase in catastrophe excess business with a relatively lower acquisition expense ratio. The decrease in the net acquisition expense ratio was also attributable to a decrease in umbrella premiums in the Casualty segment which had a higher net acquisition expense ratio relative to the remainder of the business.
Operating expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 were $77,475,000 and $71,728,000, respectively. Operating expenses include costs such as salaries, rent and like items related to reinsurance operations as well as costs associated with Platinum Holdings and its non-operating intermediate holding company subsidiaries. The increase in 2007 was due to increased compensation and related expenses and increased fees relating to the RenRe Agreement as a result of increased property catastrophe premiums.
Net foreign currency exchange gains for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 were $2,887,000 and $461,000, respectively. The net foreign currency exchange gain in 2007 is the result of our holding more non-U.S. dollar denominated assets than non-U.S. dollar denominated liabilities, primarily Euros and GBP, while the U.S. dollar declined in value against these currencies.
Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 was $16,368,000 and $16,352,000, respectively. The amounts are substantially the same as the debt outstanding and related interest rates in 2007 and 2006 were unchanged.
Income tax expense and the effective income tax rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 were as follows ($ in thousands):
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | Decrease | |
Income tax expense | | $ | 13,175 | | | | 18,958 | | | $ | 5,783 | |
Effective income tax rates | | | 4.9 | % | | | 7.2 | % | | 2.3 points | |
The decrease in income tax expense is due to the decrease in the effective income tax rate in 2007 as compared with 2006. The decrease in the effective income tax rate was the result of a greater portion of income before income tax expense being generated by Platinum Holdings and Platinum Bermuda in 2007, which are not subject to corporate income tax. In 2007, the combined net income derived from Platinum Holdings and Platinum Bermuda was 80.0% as compared to 77.4% in 2006. The effective tax rate in any given year is based on income before income tax expense of our subsidiaries that operate in various jurisdictions, each of which has its own corporate income tax rate.
Segment Information
We conduct our worldwide reinsurance business through three operating segments: Property and Marine, Casualty and Finite Risk. In managing our operating segments, we use measures such as underwriting income and underwriting ratios to evaluate segment performance. We do not allocate by segment our assets or certain income and expenses such as investment income, interest expense and certain corporate expenses. Total underwriting income is reconciled to income before income tax expense. The measures we use in evaluating our operating segments should not be used as a substitute for measures determined under U.S. GAAP. The following table summarizes underwriting activity and ratios for the three operating segments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 ($ in thousands):
| | Property and Marine | | | Casualty | | | Finite Risk | | | Total | |
Three months ended September 30, 2007: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net premiums written | | $ | 142,549 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 292,132 | |
Net premiums earned | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net losses and LAE | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net acquisition expenses | | | | | | | | | | | (507 | ) | | | | |
Other underwriting expenses | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Segment underwriting income (loss) | | $ | 54,349 | | | | 1,866 | | | | (2,030 | ) | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | | | | 54,283 | |
Net realized losses on investments | | | | (864 | ) |
Net foreign currency exchange gains | | | | 1,429 | |
Other expense | | | | (659 | ) |
Corporate expenses not allocated to segments | | | | (7,404 | ) |
Interest expense | | | | (5,457 | ) |
Income before income tax expense | | | $ | 95,513 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Ratios: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss and LAE | | | 33.8 | % | | | 71.7 | % | | | 127.2 | % | | | 56.5 | % |
Net acquisition expense | | | 14.4 | % | | | 21.7 | % | | | (6.3 | %) | | | 17.7 | % |
Other underwriting expense | | | 9.4 | % | | | 5.4 | % | | | 4.6 | % | | | 7.1 | % |
Combined | | | 57.6 | % | | | 98.8 | % | | | 125.5 | | | | 81.3 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Property and Marine | | | | Casualty | | | | Finite Risk | | | | Total | |
Three months ended September 30, 2006: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net premiums written | | $ | 83,018 | | | | 202,302 | | | | 12,680 | | | $ | 298,000 | |
Net premiums earned | | | 97,686 | | | | 214,427 | | | | 27,496 | | | | 339,609 | |
Net losses and LAE | | | 17,181 | | | | 149,698 | | | | 24,549 | | | | 191,428 | |
Net acquisition expenses | | | 14,895 | | | | 54,503 | | | | 5,596 | | | | 74,994 | |
Other underwriting expenses | | | 8,608 | | | | 9,464 | | | | 1,991 | | | | 20,063 | |
Segment underwriting income (loss) | | $ | 57,002 | | | | 762 | | | | (4,640 | ) | | | 53,124 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | | | | 48,302 | |
Net realized gains on investments | | | | (57 | ) |
Net foreign currency exchange gains | | | | (228 | ) |
Other expense | | | | 1,714 | |
Corporate expenses not allocated to segments | | | | (5,285 | ) |
Interest expense | | | | (5,452 | ) |
Income before income tax expense | | | $ | 92,118 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Ratios: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss and LAE | | | 17.6 | % | | | 69.8 | % | | | 89.3 | % | | | 56.4 | % |
Acquisition expense | | | 15.2 | % | | | 25.4 | % | | | 20.4 | % | | | 22.1 | % |
Other underwriting expense | | | 8.8 | % | | | 4.4 | % | | | 7.2 | % | | | 5.9 | % |
Combined | | | 41.6 | % | | | 99.6 | % | | | 116.9 | | | | 84.4 | % |
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net premiums written | | $ | 399,429 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 878,772 | |
Net premiums earned | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net losses and LAE | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net acquisition expenses | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other underwriting expenses | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Segment underwriting income | | $ | 140,517 | | | | 4,100 | | | | 3,647 | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | | | | 160,666 | |
Net realized losses on investments | | | | (2,521 | ) |
Net foreign currency exchange gains | | | | 2,887 | |
Other expense | | | | (3,645 | ) |
Corporate expenses not allocated to segments | | | | (21,322 | ) |
Interest expense | | | | (16,368 | ) |
Income before income tax expense | | | $ | 267,961 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Ratios: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss and LAE | | | 40.0 | % | | | 72.2 | % | | | 77.8 | % | | | 58.6 | % |
Net acquisition expense | | | 13.6 | % | | | 22.4 | % | | | 0.6 | % | | | 18.0 | % |
Other underwriting expense | | | 8.8 | % | | | 4.5 | % | | | 7.7 | % | | | 6.4 | % |
Combined | | | 62.4 | % | | | 99.1 | % | | | 86.1 | % | | | 83.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Property and Marine | | | | Casualty | | | | Finite Risk | | | | Total | |
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2006: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net premiums written | | $ | 333,906 | | | | 583,950 | | | | (16,816 | ) | | $ | 901,040 | |
Net premiums earned | | | 342,322 | | | | 573,168 | | | | 105,485 | | | | 1,020,975 | |
Net losses and LAE | | | 104,876 | | | | 394,087 | | | | 86,703 | | | | 585,666 | |
Net acquisition expenses | | | 55,783 | | | | 141,025 | | | | 23,477 | | | | 220,285 | |
Other underwriting expenses | | | 27,642 | | | | 23,487 | | | | 3,935 | | | | 55,064 | |
Segment underwriting income (loss) | | $ | 154,021 | | | | 14,569 | | | | (8,630 | ) | | | 159,960 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | | | | 137,165 | |
Net realized gains on investments | | | | 22 | |
Net foreign currency exchange gains | | | | 461 | |
Other expense | | | | (1,927 | ) |
Corporate expenses not allocated to segments | | | | (16,664 | ) |
Interest expense | | | | (16,352 | ) |
Income before income tax expense | | | $ | 262,665 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Ratios: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss and LAE | | | 30.6 | % | | | 68.8 | % | | | 82.2 | % | | | 57.4 | % |
Net acquisition expense | | | 16.3 | % | | | 24.6 | % | | | 22.3 | % | | | 21.6 | % |
Other underwriting expense | | | 8.1 | % | | | 4.1 | % | | | 3.7 | % | | | 5.4 | % |
Combined | | | 55.0 | % | | | 97.5 | % | | | 108.2 | % | | | 84.4 | % |
Property and Marine
The Property and Marine operating segment includes principally property (including crop) and marine reinsurance coverages that are written in the United States and international markets. This business includes property catastrophe excess-of-loss contracts, property per-risk excess-of-loss contracts and property proportional contracts. This operating segment represented 48.8% and 27.8% of our net premiums written during the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively, and 45.4% and 37.1% of our net premiums written in the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2007 as Compared with the Three Months Ended September 30, 2006
Gross, ceded and net premiums written and earned for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 were as follows ($ in thousands):
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | Increase (decrease) | |
Gross premiums written | | $ | 146,948 | | | | | | | $ | 46,566 | |
Ceded premiums written | | | 4,399 | | | | 17,364 | | | | (12,965 | ) |
Net premiums written | | | 142,549 | | | | 83,018 | | | | 59,531 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross premiums earned | | | | | | | | | | | 8,287 | |
Ceded premiums earned | | | 3,504 | | | | 25,911 | | | | (22,407 | ) |
Net premiums earned | | $ | 128,380 | | | | 97,686 | | | $ | 30,694 | |
The increase in gross premiums written in 2007 as compared with 2006 was primarily in the catastrophe excess classes. The increase is also due, in part, to different methods of estimating net premiums written between Platinum UK and Platinum Bermuda, which resulted in an increase in gross and net premiums written of approximately $35,031,000 and $27,541,000, respectively, in 2007 as compared with 2006. The decline in ceded premiums written is attributable to the non-renewal in 2007 of the Property Quota Share Agreement. The increase in net premiums earned in 2007 as compared with 2006 was primarily due to the increase in net premiums written.
Net losses and LAE and the resulting net loss and LAE ratios for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 were as follows ($ in thousands):
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | Increase | |
Net losses and LAE | | $ | 43,396 | | | | 17,181 | | | $ | 26,215 | |
Net loss and LAE ratios | | | 33.8 | % | | | 17.6 | % | | 16.2 points | |
The increases in net losses and LAE and related ratios in 2007 as compared with 2006 were primarily due to the increase in net premiums earned as well as to less net favorable loss development. Net favorable loss development was $13,898,000 in 2007, representing 10.9% of net premiums earned, and $26,179,000 in 2006, representing 26.6% of net premiums earned. Net losses in 2007 include catastrophe losses, including losses resulting from floods in the United Kingdom, totaling $4,882,000, which represent 3.8% of net premiums earned in 2007 as compared with no losses from major catastrophes in the same period during 2006. Exclusive of the catastrophe losses and net favorable loss development, the net loss and LAE ratio decreased by approximately 3.1% in 2007 as compared to 2006 due to an increase in the proportion of catastrophe excess business, which, because of the low level of catastrophes, had a lower loss and LAE ratio than the remainder of the segment. The increased property catastrophe underwriting profits were partially offset by storm losses in the international crop class. The net loss and LAE ratios were also affected by other changes in the mix of business.
Net acquisition expenses and resulting net acquisition expense ratios for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 were as follows ($ in thousands):
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | Increase (decrease) | |
Net acquisition expenses | | $ | 18,549 | | | | 14,895 | | | $ | 3,654 | |
Net acquisition expense ratios | | | 14.4 | % | | | 15.2 | % | | (0.8) points | |
The increase in net acquisition expenses in 2007 as compared with 2006 was primarily due to the increase in net premiums earned. The decrease in the net acquisition expense ratio in 2007 as compared with 2006 was primarily due to the continued decrease in property proportional business and an increase in property catastrophe excess business, which had a lower acquisition expense ratio than property proportional business. Net acquisition expenses includes increases in adjustable commissions of $1,540,000 in 2007, representing 1.2% of net premiums earned, related to favorable net loss development from prior years as compared with increases of $1,436,000 in 2006, representing 1.5% of net premiums earned. The net acquisition expense ratios were also impacted by other changes in the mix of business.
Other underwriting expenses in 2007 and 2006 were $12,086,000 and $8,608,000, respectively. The increase in 2007 as compared with 2006 was due to increased compensation costs as well as increased fees relating to the RenRe Agreement. Other underwriting expenses in 2007 and 2006 include fees of $2,724,000 and $1,453,000, respectively, relating to the RenRe Agreement, which increased as a result of increased property catastrophe premiums. Additionally, an increased percentage of underwriting costs are allocated to the Property and Marine segment in 2007 as compared with 2006 as the segment represents an increasing percentage of the written premium and underwriting operations.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007 as Compared with the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2006
Gross, ceded and net premiums written and earned for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 were as follows ($ in thousands):
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | Increase (decrease) | |
Gross premiums written | | $ | 416,676 | | | | | | | $ | 7,115 | |
Ceded premiums written | | | 17,247 | | | | 75,655 | | | | (58,408 | ) |
Net premiums written | | | 399,429 | | | | 333,906 | | | | 65,523 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross premiums earned | | | | | | | | | | | (13,496 | ) |
Ceded premiums earned | | | 17,838 | | | | 62,238 | | | | (44,400 | ) |
Net premiums earned | | $ | 373,226 | | | | 342,322 | | | $ | 30,904 | |
Gross premiums written in 2007 are comparable to 2006, however, there are significant increases in the property catastrophe excess classes that were substantially offset by decreases in the proportional classes. The decline in ceded premiums written was attributable to the non-renewal in 2007 of the Property Quota Share Agreement. Net premiums earned in 2007 increased primarily as a result of the decrease in ceded premiums.
Net losses and LAE and the resulting net loss and LAE ratios for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 were as follows ($ in thousands):
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | Increase | |
Net losses and LAE | | $ | 149,265 | | | | 104,876 | | | $ | 44,389 | |
Net loss and LAE ratios | | | 40.0 | % | | | 30.6 | % | | 9.4 points | |
The increase in net losses and LAE and related ratios in 2007 were primarily due to losses of $32,645,000 from European storm Kyrill and $11,428,000 from floods in the United Kingdom in 2007, representing 12.0% of net premiums earned, as compared with no losses from major catastrophes during 2006. Net favorable loss development was $40,848,000 in 2007, representing 10.9% of net premiums earned, as compared with $43,571,000 during 2006, representing 12.7% of net premiums earned. Exclusive of losses related to Kyrill, the floods in the United Kingdom and net favorable development, the net loss and LAE ratio decreased by approximately 3.5% due primarily to the increase in the proportion of catastrophe excess business which has a lower loss and LAE ratio than the remainder of the segment. The net loss and LAE ratios were also affected by other changes in the mix of business.
Net acquisition expenses and resulting net acquisition expense ratios for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 were as follows ($ in thousands):
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | Decrease | |
Net acquisition expenses | | $ | 50,748 | | | | 55,783 | | | $ | 5,035 | |
Net acquisition expense ratios | | | 13.6 | % | | | 16.3 | % | | 2.7 points | |
The decreases in net acquisition expenses and the net acquisition expense ratio in 2007 as compared with 2006 were primarily due to a decrease in property proportional business and an increase in property catastrophe excess business, which has a lower acquisition expense ratio than property proportional business. The net acquisition expense ratios were also impacted by changes in the mix of business.
Other underwriting expenses in 2007 and 2006 were $32,696,000 and $27,642,000, respectively. The increase in 2007 as compared with 2006 was due to increased compensation costs and increased fees relating to the RenRe Agreement. Other underwriting expenses in 2007 and 2006 include fees of $7,776,000 and $6,292,000, respectively, relating to the RenRe Agreement. Additionally, an increased percentage of underwriting costs are allocated to the Property and Marine segment in 2007 as compared with 2006 as the segment represents an increasing percentage of the written premium and underwriting operations.
Casualty
The Casualty operating segment principally includes reinsurance contracts that cover umbrella liability, general and product liability, professional liability, workers' compensation, casualty clash, automobile liability, surety, trade credit, political risk and accident and health. This operating segment represented 48.3% and 67.9% of our net premiums written during the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively, and 51.9% and 64.8% of our net premiums written during the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2007 as Compared with the Three Months Ended September 30, 2006
Gross, ceded and net premiums written and earned for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 were as follows ($ in thousands):
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | Decrease | |
Gross premiums written | | $ | 141,214 | | | | | | | $ | 61,181 | |
Ceded premiums written | | | – | | | | 93 | | | | 93 | |
Net premiums written | | | 141,214 | | | | 202,302 | | | | 61,088 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross premiums earned | | | | | | | | | | | 60,564 | |
Ceded premiums earned | | | 19 | | | | 94 | | | | 75 | |
Net premiums earned | | $ | 153,938 | | | | 214,427 | | | $ | 60,489 | |
The decrease in net premiums written in 2007 as compared with 2006 was primarily due to decreases across most North American casualty classes of approximately $58,564,000, of which $39,201,000 was in the umbrella class. The decrease reflects fewer opportunities that met our underwriting standards. The decrease in net premiums earned was the result of the decrease in net premiums written. Net premiums written and earned were also affected by changes in the mix of business and the structure of the underlying reinsurance contracts.
Net losses and LAE and the resulting net loss and LAE ratios for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 were as follows ($ in thousands):
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | Increase (decrease) | |
Net losses and LAE | | $ | 110,365 | | | | 149,698 | | | $ | (39,333 | ) |
Net loss and LAE ratios | | | 71.7 | % | | | 69.8 | % | | 1.9 points | |
The decrease in net losses and LAE in 2007 as compared with 2006 was primarily due to the decrease in net premiums earned, partially offset by an increase in the net loss and LAE ratio. The increase in the net loss and LAE ratio in 2007 as compared with 2006 was due to higher initial expected loss ratios in certain significant classes reflecting a decline in price adequacy. Net losses and LAE included net unfavorable loss development of approximately $954,000 in 2007, representing 0.6% of net premiums earned, as compared with $582,000 during 2006 representing 0.3% of net premiums earned. The net loss and LAE ratio in 2007 was also affected by the changes in the mix of business.
Net acquisition expenses and resulting net acquisition expense ratios for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 were as follows ($ in thousands):
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | Decrease | |
Net acquisition expenses | | $ | 33,403 | | | | 54,503 | | | $ | 21,100 | |
Net acquisition expense ratios | | | 21.7 | % | | | 25.4 | % | | 3.7 points | |
The decrease in net acquisition expenses in 2007 as compared with 2006 was due to the decrease in net premiums earned. The decrease in the net acquisition expense ratios is due primarily to the reduction of an adjustable commission of $2,968,000, representing 1.9% of net premiums earned in 2007. Additionally, the decrease in the acquisition expense ratio is attributable to the decrease in umbrella premiums which have a higher acquisition expense ratio than the remainder of the segment. The acquisition expense ratios are also impacted by other changes in the mix of business.
Other underwriting expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 were $8,304,000 and $9,464,000, respectively. The decrease in 2007 as compared with 2006 was due primarily to a lower percentage of underwriting expenses allocated to the Casualty segment and a higher percentage allocated to the Property and Marine segment as a result of the shift of business more towards property.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007 as Compared with the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2006
Gross, ceded and net premiums written and earned for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 were as follows ($ in thousands):
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | Decrease | |
Gross premiums written | | $ | 455,996 | | | | | | | $ | 128,030 | |
Ceded premiums written | | | 51 | | | | 76 | | | | 25 | |
Net premiums written | | | 455,945 | | | | 583,950 | | | | 128,005 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross premiums earned | | | | | | | | | | | 101,399 | |
Ceded premiums earned | | | 43 | | | | 76 | | | | 33 | |
Net premiums earned | | $ | 471,802 | | | | 573,168 | | | $ | 101,366 | |
The decrease in net premiums written in 2007 as compared with 2006 was primarily due to decreases in business underwritten in 2006 and 2007 across most North American casualty classes, with the most significant decreases in the umbrella, occurrence based excess casualty and first dollar general liability classes. The decreases are the result of fewer opportunities that met our underwriting standards. Net premiums written and earned were also affected by changes in the mix of business and the structure of the underlying reinsurance contracts.
Net losses and LAE and the resulting net loss and LAE ratios for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 were as follows ($ in thousands):
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | Increase (decrease) | |
Net losses and LAE | | $ | 340,740 | | | | 394,087 | | | $ | (53,347 | ) |
Net loss and LAE ratios | | | 72.2 | % | | | 68.8 | % | | 3.4 points | |
The decrease in net losses and LAE in 2007 as compared with 2006 was primarily due to the decrease in net premiums earned, partially offset by an increase in the net loss and LAE ratio. The increase in the net loss and LAE ratio in 2007 as compared with 2006 was due to higher initial expected loss ratios in certain significant classes reflecting a decline in price adequacy. The net loss and LAE ratio in 2007 was also affected by the changes in the mix of business within the segment toward contracts with higher loss and LAE ratios and lower acquisition expense ratios compared with 2006.
Net acquisition expenses and resulting net acquisition expense ratios for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 were as follows ($ in thousands):
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | Decrease | |
Net acquisition expenses | | $ | 105,499 | | | | 141,025 | | | $ | 35,526 | |
Net acquisition expense ratios | | | 22.4 | % | | | 24.6 | % | | 2.2 points | |
The decrease in net acquisition expenses in 2007 as compared with 2006 was due to the decrease in net premiums earned. The decrease in the net acquisition expense ratio in 2007 as compared with the same period during 2006 is due to decreases in the North American umbrella and first dollar general liability classes, both of which had higher acquisition expense ratios than the remainder of the segment. Net acquisition expenses include decreases in adjustable commissions of $4,551,000 in 2007, representing 0.9% of net premiums earned, related to favorable net loss development from prior years as compared with decreases of $1,725,000 in 2006, representing 0.3% of net premiums earned.
Other underwriting expenses were $21,463,000 and $23,487,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The decrease in 2007 as compared with 2006 was due primarily to a lower percentage of underwriting expenses allocated to the Casualty segment and a higher percentage allocated to the Property and Marine segment as a result of the shift of business more towards property.
Finite Risk
The Finite Risk operating segment includes principally structured reinsurance contracts with ceding companies whose needs may not be met efficiently through traditional reinsurance products. In exchange for contractual features that limit our downside risk, reinsurance contracts that we classify as finite risk provide the potential for significant profit commission to the ceding company. The classes of risks underwritten through finite risk contracts are generally consistent with the classes covered by traditional products. The finite risk contracts that we underwrite generally provide prospective protection, meaning coverage is provided for losses that are incurred after inception of the contract, as contrasted with retrospective coverage, which covers losses that are incurred prior to inception of the contract. The three main categories of our finite risk contracts are quota share, multi-year excess-of-loss and whole account aggregate stop loss. Due to the often significant inverse relationship between losses and commissions for this segment, we believe it is important to evaluate the overall combined ratio, rather than its component parts of net loss and loss adjustment expense ratio and net acquisition expense ratio. The ongoing industry-wide investigations by legal and regulatory authorities into potential misuse of finite products have curtailed demand for these products in 2007 and 2006. This operating segment represented 2.9% and 4.3% of our net premiums written during the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively, and 2.7% and (1.9%) of our net premiums written during the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2007 as Compared with the Three Months Ended September 30, 2006
Gross, ceded and net premiums written and earned for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 were as follows ($ in thousands):
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | Decrease | |
Gross premiums written | | $ | 8,368 | | | | | | | $ | 8,480 | |
Ceded premiums written | | | (1 | ) | | | 4,168 | | | | 4,169 | |
Net premiums written | | | 8,369 | | | | 12,680 | | | | 4,311 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross premiums earned | | | | | | | | | | | 23,672 | |
Ceded premiums earned | | | – | | | | 4,168 | | | | 4,168 | |
Net premiums earned | | $ | 7,992 | | | | 27,496 | | | $ | 19,504 | |
The Finite Risk segment consists of a small number of contracts that can be large in premium size and, consequently, overall premium volume may vary significantly from year to year. The decrease in net premiums written and earned in 2007 compared with 2006 was primarily due to the expiration of three finite casualty contracts.
Net losses and LAE, net acquisition expenses and the resulting net loss and LAE and acquisition ratios for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 were as follows ($ in thousands):
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | Increase (decrease) | |
Net losses and LAE | | $ | 10,162 | | | | 24,549 | | | $ | (14,387 | ) |
Net loss and LAE ratios | | | 127.2 | % | | | 89.3 | % | | 37.9 points | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net acquisition expenses | | $ | (507 | ) | | | 5,596 | | | $ | (6,103 | ) |
Net acquisition expense ratios | | | (6.3 | %) | | | 20.4 | % | | (26.7) points | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net losses, LAE and acquisition expenses | | $ | 9,655 | | | | 30,145 | | | $ | (20,490 | ) |
Net loss, LAE and acquisition expense ratios | | | 120.9 | % | | | 109.7 | % | | 11.2 points | |
The decrease in net losses, LAE and acquisition expenses in 2007 as compared with 2006 was primarily due to the decrease in net premiums earned. The increase in the net loss, LAE and acquisition expense ratio in 2007 as compared with 2006 was due to an increase in 2007 of the loss ratio on a multi-year surety program as well as the impact of net unfavorable development from prior years. Net unfavorable development was $1,410,000 in 2007, representing 17.6% of net premiums earned, as compared with approximately $3,823,000 in 2006, representing 13.9% of net premiums earned.
Other underwriting expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 were $367,000 and $1,991,000, respectively. The decrease in 2007 as compared with 2006 was due to a decline in underwriting activity in the segment in addition to a lower percentage of underwriting expenses allocated to the segment and a higher percentage of underwriting expenses allocated to the Property and Marine segment by Platinum Bermuda as a result of the shift of its business more towards property.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007 as Compared with the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2006
Gross, ceded and net premiums written and earned for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 were as follows ($ in thousands):
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | Increase (decrease) | |
Gross premiums written | | $ | 21,455 | | | | (8,790 | ) | | $ | 30,245 | |
Ceded premiums written | | | (1,943 | ) | | | 8,026 | | | | (9,969 | ) |
Net premiums written | | | 23,398 | | | | (16,816 | ) | | | 40,214 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross premiums earned | | | | | | | | | | | (90,758 | ) |
Ceded premiums earned | | | (1,942 | ) | | | 9,379 | | | | (11,321 | ) |
Net premiums earned | | $ | 26,048 | | | | 105,485 | | | $ | (79,437 | ) |
The increase in net premiums written in 2007 as compared with 2006 was primarily attributable to the termination of a significant finite casualty proportional contract effective January 1, 2006 on a cut-off basis, which resulted in the return of $56,589,000 of previously written but unearned premium. The decrease in net premiums earned reflects the reduction in our finite business in 2006 and 2007.
Net losses and LAE, net acquisition expenses and the resulting net loss and LAE and acquisition ratios for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 were as follows ($ in thousands):
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | Decrease | |
Net losses and LAE | | $ | 20,262 | | | | 86,703 | | | $ | 66,441 | |
Net loss and LAE ratios | | | 77.8 | % | | | 82.2 | % | | 4.4 points | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net acquisition expenses | | $ | 145 | | | | 23,477 | | | $ | 23,332 | |
Net acquisition expense ratios | | | 0.6 | % | | | 22.3 | % | | 21.7 points | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net losses, LAE and acquisition expenses | | $ | 20,407 | | | | 110,180 | | | $ | 89,773 | |
Net loss, LAE and acquisition expense ratios | | | 78.4 | % | | | 104.5 | % | | 26.1 points | |
The decrease in net losses, LAE and acquisition expenses in 2007 as compared with 2006 was primarily due to the decrease in net premiums earned. The decrease in the net loss, LAE and acquisition expense ratio was primarily due to the difference in net favorable development from prior years. Net favorable development was $3,099,000 in 2007, representing 11.5% of net premiums earned, as compared with net unfavorable development of approximately $9,853,000 in 2006, representing 9.5% of net premiums earned. Also contributing to the decrease in the net loss, LAE and acquisition ratio in 2007 was the expiration of a significant finite casualty proportional contract that had a higher combined ratio than the remainder of the Finite Risk segment.
Other underwriting expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 were $1,994,000 and $3,935,000, respectively. The decrease in 2007 as compared with 2006 was due to a decline in underwriting activity in the segment in addition to a lower percentage of underwriting expenses allocated to the segment and a higher percentage of underwriting expenses allocated to the Property and Marine segment by Platinum Bermuda as a result of the shift of its business more towards property.
Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources
Financial Condition
Cash and cash equivalents and investments as of September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006 were as follows ($ in thousands):
| | September 30, 2007 | | | December 31, 2006 | | | Increase (decrease) | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 771,530 | | | | 851,652 | | | $ | (80,122 | ) |
Fixed maturity securities | | | 3,592,453 | | | | 3,334,645 | | | | 257,808 | |
Preferred stocks | | | 9,667 | | | | 10,772 | | | | (1,105 | ) |
Short-term investments | | | 33,602 | | | | 27,123 | | | | 6,479 | |
Other invested asset | | | – | | | | 4,745 | | | | (4,745 | ) |
Total | | $ | 4,407,252 | | | | 4,228,937 | | | $ | 178,315 | |
The net increase in total cash and cash equivalents and investments as of September 30, 2007 as compared with December 31, 2006 was due to positive net cash flows from operations in 2007. Our available-for-sale and trading portfolios are composed primarily of diversified, high quality, predominantly publicly traded fixed maturity securities. Our investment portfolio, excluding cash and cash equivalents, had a weighted average duration of 2.79 years as of September 30, 2007. We maintain and periodically update our overall duration target for the portfolio and routinely monitor the composition of and cash flows from the portfolio to maintain the liquidity necessary to meet our obligations.
Certain assets and liabilities associated with underwriting include significant estimates. Reinsurance premiums receivable, deferred acquisition costs, unpaid losses and LAE, unearned premiums and commissions payable all represent or include significant estimates. Reinsurance premiums receivable as of September 30, 2007 of $299,295,000 included $244,259,000 that was based upon estimates. Reinsurance premiums receivable as of December 31, 2006 of $377,183,000 included $315,243,000 that was based upon estimates. The decrease in reinsurance premiums receivable as of September 30, 2007 as compared with December 31, 2006 was due to the decrease in premiums written. An allowance for uncollectible reinsurance premiums is considered for possible non-payment of such amounts due, as deemed necessary. As of September 30, 2007, based on our historical experience, the general profile of our ceding companies and our ability, in most cases, to contractually offset reinsurance premiums receivable with losses and LAE or other amounts payable to the same parties, we did not establish an allowance for uncollectible reinsurance premiums receivable.
Gross unpaid losses and LAE as of September 30, 2007 of $2,363,274,000 included $1,692,558,000 of estimates of claims that are incurred but not reported ("IBNR"). Gross unpaid losses and LAE as of December 31, 2006 of $2,368,482,000 included $1,648,635,000 of IBNR.
Commissions payable as of September 30, 2007 of $105,725,000 included $91,878,000 that was based upon premium estimates. Commissions payable as of December 31, 2006 of $140,835,000 included $124,906,000 that was based upon premium estimates. The decrease in commissions payable as of September 30, 2007 as compared with December 31, 2006 was due to the decrease in premiums written and is consistent with the decrease in reinsurance premiums receivable.
We entered into an agreement on July 1, 2007 whereby we may recover up to $116,000,000 from the counterparty if modeled losses from a second catastrophe event exceed a specified attachment point. The coverage period ends on December 31, 2007. This agreement has been accounted for as a derivative and recorded at fair value.
Sources of Liquidity
Our consolidated sources of funds consist primarily of premiums written, investment income, proceeds from sales and redemption of investments, losses recovered from retrocessionaires, issuance of securities and actual cash and cash equivalents held by us. Net cash flows provided by operations, excluding trading security activities, for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 were $388,939,000.
Platinum Holdings is a holding company that conducts no reinsurance operations of its own. All of its reinsurance operations are conducted through its wholly owned operating subsidiaries: Platinum Bermuda and Platinum US. As a holding company, the cash flows of Platinum Holdings consist primarily of interest, dividends and other permissible payments from its subsidiaries and issuances of securities. Platinum Holdings depends on such payments for general corporate purposes and to meet its obligations, including the payment of dividends to its preferred and common shareholders.
In addition to the net cash flows generated from operations, we have an effective universal shelf registration statement whereby we may issue and sell, in one or more offerings, up to $750,000,000 of debt, equity and other types of securities or a combination of the above, including debt securities of Platinum Finance unconditionally guaranteed by Platinum Holdings. This shelf registration statement had approximately $440,000,000 of remaining capacity as of September 30, 2007. We also have a five year, $400,000,000 credit facility with a syndicate of lenders available for revolving borrowings and letters of credit. The credit facility is generally available for our working capital, liquidity, letters of credit and general corporate requirements and those of our subsidiaries. As of September 30, 2007 this facility had $331,737,000 of capacity available to us.
Liquidity Requirements
Our principal consolidated cash requirements are the payment of losses and LAE, commissions, brokerage, operating expenses, dividends to our preferred and common shareholders, the servicing of debt, capital expenditures, purchase of retrocessional contracts and payment of taxes.
Platinum Bermuda is not licensed, approved or accredited as a reinsurer anywhere in the United States and, therefore, under the terms of most of its contracts with United States ceding companies, it is required to provide collateral to its ceding companies for unpaid ceded liabilities in a form acceptable to state insurance commissioners. Typically, this type of collateral takes the form of letters of credit issued by a bank, the establishment of a trust, or funds withheld. Platinum Bermuda provides letters of credit through commercial banks and may be required to provide the banks with a security interest in certain investments of Platinum Bermuda including the credit facility described above.
In 2002, we entered into several agreements with The Travelers Companies, Inc., formerly The St. Paul Companies, Inc. ("St. Paul"), for the transfer of continuing reinsurance business and certain related assets of St. Paul. Among these agreements are quota share retrocession agreements effective November 2, 2002 under which we assumed from St. Paul unearned premiums, unpaid losses and LAE and certain other liabilities on reinsurance contracts becoming effective in 2002 (the "Quota Share Retrocession Agreements"). Platinum US is obligated to collateralize the liabilities assumed from St. Paul under the Quota Share Retrocession Agreements. In addition, Platinum Bermuda and Platinum US have reinsurance and other contracts that also require them to provide collateral to ceding companies should certain events occur, such as a decline in the rating by A.M. Best Company, Inc. ("A.M. Best") below specified levels or a decline in statutory equity below specified amounts, or the attainment of specified levels of assumed liabilities from certain ceding companies. Some reinsurance contracts also have special termination provisions that permit early termination should certain events occur.
We believe that the net cash flows generated by the operating activities of our subsidiaries in combination with cash and cash equivalents on hand will provide sufficient funds to meet our liquidity needs over the next twelve months. Beyond the next twelve months, cash flows available to us may be influenced by a variety of factors, including economic conditions in general and in the insurance and reinsurance markets, legal and regulatory changes as well as fluctuations from year to year in claims experience and the occurrence or absence of large catastrophic events. If our liquidity needs accelerate beyond our ability to fund such obligations from current operating cash flows, we may need to liquidate a portion of our investment portfolio, borrow under the credit facility described above or raise additional capital in the capital markets. Our ability to meet our liquidity needs by selling investments or raising additional capital is subject to the timing and pricing risks inherent in the capital markets.
Capital Resources
The Company does not have any material commitments for capital expenditures as of September 30, 2007.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
The Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements and, therefore, there is no effect on its financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources from these types of arrangements.
Contractual Obligations
There have been no material changes to our contractual obligations as disclosed under Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition – Contractual Obligations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006.
Economic Conditions
Periods of moderate economic recession or inflation tend not to have a significant direct effect on our underwriting operations. Significant unexpected inflationary or recessionary periods can, however, impact our underwriting operations and investment portfolio. Management considers the potential impact of economic trends in the estimation process for establishing unpaid losses and LAE.
From January through October of 2007 approximately 95% of our business was up for renewal. The estimated ultimate net premium of our business underwritten in 2007 was approximately 5% less than our business underwritten in 2006 as terms and conditions improved in some lines of business and deteriorated in others.
For the Property and Marine segment, during 2007 we achieved average rate increases of over 20% on our U.S. property catastrophe excess renewal business while rates on our non-U.S. property catastrophe excess renewal business were approximately equal to expiring. In addition, we have achieved average rate increases of approximately 9% on our marine renewal business. Per risk excess rates were approximately equal to expiring in both our U.S. and non-U.S. renewal business.
From January through October of 2007 we wrote approximately 25% more U.S. catastrophe excess-of-loss premium than we did during 2006. We elected not to renew the collateralized Property Quota Share Agreement. As a consequence of reducing our use of retrocession and writing a larger gross portfolio of catastrophe excess-of-loss business in 2007, our net retained risk and potential profit has increased for 2007. For 2007 we plan to deploy capacity such that up to approximately 22.5% of our total capital could be exposed to an event with a probability of 1 in 250 years.
The lack of significant catastrophe activity in 2006 and so far in 2007 has contributed to excellent financial results, stronger balance sheets and increased capacity for many reinsurers. We believe that all classes within the Property and Marine segment will experience some rate deterioration for the remainder of 2007 and in early 2008.
For the Casualty segment, although we believe that the market generally offers adequate returns, pricing has been softening. Ceding companies are willing to increase retentions and reinsurers are competing for participation on the best contracts. During 2007 rate changes by class of business have ranged from an increase of approximately 9% to a decrease of approximately 13%, however, the overall average was a decrease of approximately 4%, against a background of upward trending loss costs. As a result, we believe the business underwritten in 2007 will have a lower level of expected profitability as compared with the business underwritten in 2006.
From January through October of 2007 we wrote approximately 26% less casualty business than we did during 2006. We expect market conditions will continue to weaken through the remainder of 2007 and that fewer casualty opportunities will be attractive. We believe that financial security remains a significant concern for buyers of long-tailed reinsurance protection who typically seek reinsurers with strong balance sheets, quality ratings, and a proven claims-paying record. We believe that our rating, capitalization and reputation as a lead casualty reinsurer position us well to write profitable business as opportunities arise.
In the Finite Risk segment, we believe that the ongoing investigations by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"), the office of the Attorney General for the State of New York, the U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York as well as various non-U.S. regulatory authorities continues to reduce demand for limited risk transfer products. We believe we can deploy our human and financial capital more profitably in other lines of business. As a result, we are devoting fewer underwriting and pricing resources to this segment than in prior years. We expect the relatively low level of demand will continue during 2007. We expect to continue to focus our efforts on our Property and Marine and Casualty segments.
In 2006 we expanded the operations of Platinum Bermuda in order to make it our principal reinsurer of our global catastrophe and financial lines reinsurance portfolios. As part of this plan, we began to renew business previously written by Platinum UK in Platinum Bermuda. We also renewed certain property catastrophe contracts of Platinum US in Platinum Bermuda. After successfully renewing substantially all of the reinsurance business written by Platinum UK in Platinum Bermuda, we ceased underwriting reinsurance in Platinum UK in 2007.
Critical Accounting Estimates
It is important to understand our accounting estimates in order to understand our financial position and results of operations. We consider certain of these estimates to be critical to the presentation of the financial results since they require management to make estimates and valuation assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosures. Certain of the estimates and assumptions result from judgments that are necessarily subjective and, consequently, actual results may materially differ from these estimates. Our critical accounting estimates include premiums written and earned, unpaid losses and LAE, valuation of investments and evaluation of risk transfer. For a detailed discussion of the Company’s critical accounting estimates please refer to Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006. There have been no material changes in the application of the Company’s critical accounting estimates subsequent to December 31, 2006.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK |
Market and Credit Risk
Our principal invested assets are fixed maturity securities, which are subject to the risk of potential losses from adverse changes in market rates and prices and credit risk resulting from adverse changes in the borrower's ability to meet its debt service obligations. Our strategy to limit this risk is to place our investments in high quality credit issues and to limit the amount of credit exposure with respect to any one issuer or asset class. We also select investments with characteristics such as duration, yield, currency and liquidity to reflect, in the aggregate, the underlying characteristics of our unpaid losses and LAE. We attempt to minimize the credit risk by actively monitoring the portfolio and requiring a minimum average credit rating for our portfolio of A2 as defined by Moody's Investor Service ("Moody’s"). As of September 30, 2007, the portfolio, excluding cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, had a dollar weighted average credit rating of Aa1 as defined by Moody’s.
We have other receivable amounts subject to credit risk. The most significant of these are reinsurance premiums receivable from ceding companies. We also have reinsurance recoverable amounts from our retrocessionaires. To mitigate credit risk related to premiums receivable, we have established standards for ceding companies and, in most cases, have a contractual right of offset thereby allowing us to settle claims net of any premiums receivable. To mitigate credit risk related to our reinsurance recoverable amounts, we consider the financial strength of our retrocessionaires when determining whether to purchase coverage from them. Retrocessional coverage is obtained from companies rated “A-” or better by A. M. Best Company, Inc. or from retrocessionaires whose obligations are fully collateralized. The financial performance and rating status of all material retrocessionaires is routinely monitored.
In accordance with industry practice, we frequently pay amounts in respect of claims under contracts to reinsurance brokers for payment over to the ceding companies. In the event that a broker fails to make such a payment, depending on the jurisdiction, we may remain liable to the ceding company for the payment. Conversely, in certain jurisdictions, when ceding companies remit premiums to reinsurance brokers, such premiums are deemed to have been paid to us and the ceding company is no longer liable to us for those amounts whether or not the funds are actually received by us. Consequently, we assume a degree of credit risk associated with our brokers during the premium and loss settlement process. To mitigate credit risk related to reinsurance brokers, we have established guidelines for brokers and intermediaries.
Interest Rate Risk
We are exposed to fluctuations in interest rates. Movements in rates can result in changes in the market value of our fixed maturity portfolio and can cause changes in the actual timing of receipt of principal payments of certain securities. Rising interest rates result in a decrease in the market value of our fixed maturity portfolio and can expose our portfolio, in particular our mortgage-backed securities, to extension risk. Conversely, a decrease in interest rates will result in an increase in the market value of our fixed maturity portfolio and can expose our portfolio, in particular our mortgage-backed securities, to prepayment risk. An aggregate hypothetical impact on the market value of our fixed maturity portfolio, generated from an immediate parallel shift in the treasury yield curve, as of September 30, 2007 is as follows ($ in thousands):
| | Interest Rate Shift in Basis Points |
| | - 100 bp | | - 50 bp | | Current | | + 50 bp | | + 100 bp |
Total market value | $ | 3,693,183 | | 3,643,461 | | 3,592,453 | | 3,539,643 | $ | 3,485,555 |
Percent change in market value | | 2.8% | | 1.4% | | | | (1.5%) | | (3.0%) |
Resulting unrealized appreciation / (depreciation) | $ | 51,258 | | 1,536 | | (49,472) | | (102,282) | $ | (156,370) |
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
We write business on a worldwide basis. Consequently, our principal exposure to foreign currency risk is the transaction of business in foreign currencies. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates can impact revenues, costs, receivables and liabilities, as measured in the U.S. dollar, our financial reporting currency. We intend to minimize our exposure to large foreign currency risks by holding invested assets denominated in non-U.S. dollar currencies to offset liabilities denominated in the same foreign currencies. We may from time to time hold more non-U.S. dollar denominated assets than non-U.S. dollar liabilities.
Sources of Fair Value
The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of our financial instruments as of September 30, 2007 ($ in thousands):
| | Carrying Amount | | | Fair Value | |
Financial assets: | | | | | | |
Fixed maturity securities | | $ | 3,592,453 | | | $ | 3,592,453 | |
Preferred stocks | | | 9,667 | | | | 9,667 | |
Short-term investments | | | 33,602 | | | | 33,602 | |
Financial liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Debt obligations | | $ | 292,840 | | | $ | 301,685 | |
The fair value of fixed maturity securities, preferred stocks and short-term investments are based on quoted market prices at the reporting date for those or similar investments.
Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES |
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act")) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and timely reported as specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
No changes occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2007 in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Forward-Looking Statements
This Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. Forward-looking statements are necessarily based on estimates and assumptions that are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are subject to change. These uncertainties and contingencies can affect actual results and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by, or on behalf of, us.
In particular, statements using words such as “may,” “should,” “estimate,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “believe,” “predict,” “potential,” or words of similar import generally involve forward-looking statements. For example, we have included certain forward-looking statements in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” with regard to trends in results, prices, volumes, operations, investment results, margins, risk management and exchange rates. This Form 10-Q also contains forward-looking statements with respect to our business and industry, such as those relating to our strategy and management objectives and trends in market conditions, market standing, product volumes, investment results and pricing conditions.
In light of the risks and uncertainties inherent in all future projections, the inclusion of forward-looking statements in this Form 10-Q should not be considered as a representation by us or any other person that our objectives or plans will be achieved. Numerous factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from those in forward-looking statements, including the following:
| (1) | significant weather-related or other natural or man-made disasters over which we have no control; |
| (2) | the adequacy of our liability for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, including, but not limited to, losses from Hurricanes Katrina, Rita and Wilma and the possibility that ultimate losses and loss adjustment expenses from these hurricanes may prove to be materially different from estimates made to date; |
| (3) | the effectiveness of our loss limitation methods and pricing models; |
| (4) | our ability to maintain our A.M. Best Company, Inc. rating; |
| (5) | conducting operations in a competitive environment; |
| (6) | the cyclicality of the property and casualty reinsurance business; |
| (7) | tax, regulatory or legal restrictions or limitations applicable to us or the property and casualty reinsurance business generally; |
| (8) | our ability to maintain our business relationships with reinsurance brokers; |
| (9) | the availability of retrocessional reinsurance on acceptable terms; |
| (10) | market volatility and interest rate and currency exchange rate fluctuation; |
| (11) | general political and economic conditions, including the effects of civil unrest, acts of terrorism, war or a prolonged U.S. or global economic downturn or recession; and |
| (12) | changes in our plans, strategies, objectives, expectations or intentions, which may happen at any time at our discretion. |
As a consequence, current plans, anticipated actions and future financial condition and results may differ from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of us. The foregoing factors, which are discussed in more detail in Item 1A – “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006, should not be construed as exhaustive. Additionally, forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we undertake no obligation to release publicly the results of any future revisions or updates we may make to forward-looking statements to reflect new information or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of future events.
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
| UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS |
(c) Following is a summary of purchases by us of our common shares during the quarterly period ended September 30, 2007:
Period | | (a) Total Number of Shares Purchased | | | (b) Average Price paid per Share | | | (c) Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans * | | | (d) Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plan or Programs | |
July 1, 2007 – July 31, 2007 | | | 200,000 | | | $ | 33.44 | | | | 200,000 | | | $ | 243,312,000 | |
August 1, 2007 – August 31, 2007 | | | 2,229,000 | | | | 33.47 | | | | 2,229,000 | | | | 168,701,000 | |
September 1, 2007 – September 30, 2007 | | | 667,228 | | | | 34.62 | | | | 667,228 | | | | 145,603,000 | |
Total | | | 3,096,228 | | | $ | 33.72 | | | | 3,096,228 | | | $ | 145,603,000 | |
| * | On August 4, 2004, the Company announced that its Board of Directors had approved a plan to repurchase up to $50,000,000 of its common shares. On July 26, 2007 the Board approved an increase to the existing repurchase plan of $222,561,000 resulting in authority as of such date to repurchase up to a total of $250,000,000 under the plan. On October 25, 2007, the Board approved an additional increase to the repurchase plan of $104,397,273, resulting in authority as of such date to repurchase up to a total of $250,000,000 under the plan. |
Exhibit Number | | Description |
| | |
10.1 | | Amendment No. 1 effective October 3, 2007 to Trust Agreement effective January 1, 2003 among Platinum Bermuda, Platinum US and State Street Bank. | |
31.1 | | Certification of Michael D. Price, Chief Executive Officer of Platinum Holdings, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Exchange Act. | |
31.2 | | Certification of James A. Krantz, Chief Financial Officer of Platinum Holdings, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Exchange Act. | |
32.1 | | Certification of Michael D. Price, Chief Executive Officer of Platinum Holdings, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
32.2 | | Certification of James A. Krantz, Chief Financial Officer of Platinum Holdings, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| Platinum Underwriters Holdings, Ltd. |
| |
Date: October 31, 2007 | /s/ Michael D. Price |
| By: Michael D. Price |
| President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) |
Date: October 31, 2007 | /s/ James A. Krantz |
| By: James A. Krantz |
| Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |