Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2013 |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | ' |
Investments | ' |
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Investments |
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Investments in fixed maturities available-for-sale, which include taxable and non-taxable bonds and redeemable preferred stocks, are reported at fair value. Investments in equity securities available-for-sale, which include interests in common stocks, mutual funds and a real estate investment trust ("REIT"), are reported at fair value. Fair values for fixed maturity securities are based on estimates obtained from independent pricing services. Fair values for equity securities are derived from external market quotations, with the exception of the REIT whose fair value was determined using the trust's net asset value obtained from its audited financial statements. Short-term investments, which consist of U.S. Treasury bills, are reported at amortized cost, which approximates fair value. Other long-term investments consist of an investment in a limited partnership. The partnership interest is accounted for using the equity method of accounting. The income from the investment partnership is accounted for using the equity method and is included in net investment income. The carrying value of this investment is written down, or impaired, to fair value when a decline in value is considered to be other-than-temporary. In applying the equity method (including assessment for other-than-temporary impairment), the Company uses financial information provided by the investee, generally on a one to three month lag. Unrealized gains or losses on fixed maturity and equity securities reported at fair value are excluded from earnings and reported in a separate component of shareholders' equity, known as "Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes," until realized. Realized gains or losses on the sale or maturity of investments are determined based on the specific cost identification method. Fixed maturities and equity securities that experience declines in value that are other-than-temporary are written down to fair value with a corresponding charge to net realized losses on investments. |
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Investment income is recognized on an accrual basis of accounting. Bonds not backed by other loans are amortized using the interest method. Loan-backed bonds and structured securities are amortized using the interest method and significant changes in estimated cash flows from the original purchase assumptions are accounted for using the retrospective method. |
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Cash and Cash Equivalents | ' |
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Cash and Cash Equivalents |
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Cash and cash equivalents includes money market accounts and United States ("U.S.") Treasury bills with original maturities of three months or less. U.S. Treasury bills are stated at amortized cost, which approximates fair value. |
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Accounts Receivable | ' |
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Accounts Receivable |
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Amounts included in accounts receivable represent premiums as well as finance charges, the majority of which are both billed on a monthly installment basis. Accounts receivable are stated net of allowances for doubtful accounts. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, these allowances were $456 and $635, respectively. Uncollected premium balances over ninety days past due are written off. |
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Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs | ' |
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Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs |
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Amounts that vary with and are primarily related to the successful acquisition of a new or renewal insurance contract, principally commissions and premium taxes, are deferred and amortized ratably over the effective period of the policies. All other acquisition expenses are expensed as incurred. Deferred policy acquisition costs are reviewed to determine if they are recoverable from future income, and if not, are charged to expense. Future investment income attributable to related premiums is not taken into account in measuring the recoverability of the carrying value of this asset. Amortization of acquisition costs in the amount of $126,201, $118,850, and $110,795 was charged to underwriting expenses for the years ended 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. |
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Equity and Deposits in Pools | ' |
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Equity and Deposits in Pools |
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Equity and deposits in pools represents the net receivable amounts from the residual market mechanisms, Commonwealth Automobile Reinsurers ("CAR") for automobile and Massachusetts Property Insurance Underwriting Association ("FAIR Plan") for homeowner insurance in Massachusetts. See Note 8 for a discussion of the Company's accounting for amounts assumed from residual markets. |
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Equipment and Leasehold Improvements | ' |
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Equipment and Leasehold Improvements |
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Property, equipment, leasehold improvements, and software are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is provided using the straight-line or accelerated method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, which range from 3 to 10 years. Amortization of leasehold improvements is provided using the straight-line method over the term of the lease. The costs of computer software developed or obtained for internal use are capitalized and amortized over the estimated life of the business system, beginning when the software is ready for its intended use. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. |
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Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses | ' |
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Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses |
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Liabilities for losses and loss adjustment expenses ("LAE") include case basis estimates for open claims reported prior to year-end and estimates of unreported claims and claim adjustment expenses. The estimates are continually reviewed and modified to reflect current conditions, and any resulting adjustments are reflected in current operating results. Adjustments for anticipated salvage and subrogation are recorded on incurred and reported and incurred but not reported losses. |
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Premiums and Unearned Premiums | ' |
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Premiums and Unearned Premiums |
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Premiums are earned over the terms of the respective policies, which are generally one year. Unearned premiums represent the portion of premiums written applicable to the unexpired terms of the policies. |
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Ceded premiums are charged to income over the terms of the respective policies and the applicable term of the reinsurance contracts with third-party reinsurers. Ceded unearned premiums represent the unexpired portion of premiums ceded to CAR and other reinsurers. |
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Premiums received in advance of the policy effective date are recorded as a liability and not recognized as income until earned. Such amounts are included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities and totaled $15,453 and $15,199 at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. |
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Reinsurance | ' |
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Reinsurance |
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Liabilities for unearned premiums and unpaid losses are stated before deductions for ceded reinsurance. The ceded amounts are carried as receivables. Earned premiums are stated net of deductions for ceded reinsurance. |
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The Company, as primary insurer, will be required to pay losses in their entirety in the event that the reinsurers are unable to discharge their obligations under the reinsurance agreements. |
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Finance and Other Service Income | ' |
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Finance and Other Service Income |
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Finance and other service income primarily includes revenues from premium installment charges, which are recognized when earned. |
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Income Taxes | ' |
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Income Taxes |
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The Company and its subsidiaries file a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return. The method of allocation among members of the consolidated group is subject to a written agreement approved by the Board of Directors (the "Board"). The consolidated tax liability is allocated on the basis of the members' proportionate contribution to consolidated taxable income. |
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Deferred income taxes are generally recognized when assets and liabilities have different values for financial statement and tax reporting purposes, and for other temporary taxable and deductible differences as defined by Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 740, Income Taxes. A valuation allowance is established where management has assessed that it is more likely than not that the Company will not be able to utilize the full deferred tax asset. |
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Earnings per Weighted Average Common Share | ' |
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Earnings per Weighted Average Common Share |
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Basic earnings per weighted average common share ("EPS") is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of basic common shares outstanding during the period including unvested restricted shares which are considered participating securities. Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares including unvested restricted shares and the net effect of potentially dilutive common shares outstanding |
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The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted EPS for the periods indicated. |
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| | Years Ended December 31, | |
| | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 | |
Net income available to common shareholders for basic and diluted earnings per share | | $ | 61,351 | | $ | 58,070 | | $ | 13,702 | |
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Weighted average common and common equivalent shares outstanding used to calculate basic earnings per share | | | 15,354,468 | | | 15,288,346 | | | 15,165,065 | |
Common equivalent shares—stock options | | | 5,558 | | | 7,106 | | | 10,941 | |
Common equivalent shares—non-vested stock grants | | | 39,775 | | | — | | | — | |
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Weighted average common and common equivalent shares outstanding used to calculate diluted earnings per share | | | 15,399,801 | | | 15,295,452 | | | 15,176,006 | |
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Basic earnings per share | | $ | 4 | | $ | 3.8 | | $ | 0.9 | |
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Diluted earnings per share | | $ | 3.98 | | $ | 3.8 | | $ | 0.9 | |
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Diluted EPS excludes stock options with exercise prices and exercise tax benefits greater than the average market price of the Company's common stock during the period because their inclusion would be anti-dilutive. There were no anti-dilutive stock options for the years ended December 31, 2013 or 2012. There were 82,800 anti-dilutive stock options for the year ended December 31, 2011. |
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Share-Based Compensation | ' |
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Share-Based Compensation |
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ASC 718, Share Based Compensation, requires the Company to measure and recognize the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments. Under the provisions of ASC 718, share-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized as an expense over the requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the equity grant). |
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As permitted by ASC 718, the Company elected the modified prospective transition method. Under the modified prospective transition method, (i) compensation expense for share-based awards granted prior to January 1, 2006 is recognized over the remaining service period using the compensation cost calculated for pro forma disclosure purposes as adjusted to incorporate forfeiture assumptions, and (ii) compensation expense for all share-based awards granted subsequent to December 31, 2005 is based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718. |
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See Note 6 for further information regarding share-based compensation. |
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Use of Estimates | ' |
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Use of Estimates |
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The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. |
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Recent Accounting Pronouncements | ' |
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Recent Accounting Pronouncements |
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In February 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-02, Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. ASU 2013-02 requires entities to present in either a single note or parenthetically on the face of the financial statements, the effect of significant amounts reclassified from each component of accumulated other comprehensive income based on its source and the income statement line items affected by the reclassification. Items not required to be reclassified to net income in their entirety are cross referenced to a related footnote for additional information. The ASU is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2012. The impact of adoption was not material to the Company's consolidated financial condition and results of operations. |
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Segments | ' |
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Segments |
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The Company comprises one business segment: property and casualty insurance operations. Management organizes the business around private passenger automobile insurance in Massachusetts sold exclusively through independent agents and offers other personal and commercial insurance as complementary products. In accordance with ASC 280, Segment Reporting, the financial information of the segment is presented consistent with the way results are regularly evaluated by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. |
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