The Company and its Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended |
Jul. 31, 2014 |
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] | ' |
The Company and its Significant Accounting Policies | ' |
The Company and its Significant Accounting Policies |
The Company |
Aruba Networks, Inc. (the “Company”) is a leading global provider of enterprise mobility solutions. The Company develops, markets and sells products and services that help solve its customers’ secure mobility requirements through its Mobility-Defined Networks, a network architecture designed to automatically optimize infrastructure-wide performance and trigger security actions that previously required manual intervention by information technology (“IT”) departments. The Company’s goal is to provide simplified, dependable solutions that enable IT departments to quickly, securely and cost-effectively meet their mobility and bring-your-own-device (“BYOD”) needs. The Company’s Mobility-Defined Networks are designed for the all-wireless workplace and an increasingly mobile universe of end-users, who the Company calls GenMobile, who rely on mobile devices for nearly every aspect of their work life and personal communication. The Company derives its revenue primarily from sales of Mobility Controllers with ArubaOS operating system software, controller-less and controller-managed wireless access points, Mobility Access Switches, value-added security software modules, access management system solutions, multi-vendor management solution software, mobility management solution and other software, and support and professional services. The Company has offices in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East and the Asia Pacific regions and employs staff around the world. |
Significant Accounting Policies |
Principles of Consolidation |
The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. |
Use of Estimates |
The preparation of these financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America requires that the Company make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses as presented in the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. The Company’s critical accounting policies are those that affect the Company’s financial statements materially and involve subjective or complex judgments by management. Significant Company estimates include, among others, revenue recognition, stock-based compensation, inventory valuation, allowances for doubtful accounts, fair value measurements, impairment of goodwill and intangible assets, accounting for income taxes, and loss contingencies. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Although these estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events and actions that may impact the Company in the future, actual results may differ from the estimates made by management with respect to these and other items. |
Prior Period Adjustments |
In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014, the Company recorded certain out-of-period adjustments to correct errors that reduced revenue by $1.5 million in the three months ended July 31, 2014, of which $0.7 million relates to the three months ended January 31, 2014 and $0.8 million relates to fiscal 2011. The impact of this correction resulted in an increase in the Company's net loss of $0.9 million in the three months ended July 31, 2014 and $0.4 million in fiscal 2014. The Company has assessed the impact of these adjustments for the three months ended July 31, 2014 and fiscal 2014, and on previously reported financial statements and concluded that the adjustments are not material, either individually or in the aggregate, to any of the aforementioned reporting periods, including previously reported Consolidated Financial Statements for the three months ended January 31, 2014 and fiscal 2011. On that basis, the Company has recorded the adjustments in the three months ended July 31, 2014. |
In the first quarter of fiscal 2013, the Company recorded an out-of-period adjustment to correct an error that increased the provision for income taxes by $1.8 million which related to the fourth quarter of fiscal 2012. The impact of this correction would have resulted in an increase in net loss of $1.8 million for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2012 and fiscal 2012. The Company assessed the impact of this adjustment on previously reported financial statements and for fiscal 2013 and concluded that the adjustment was not material, either individually or in the aggregate to previously reported Consolidated Financial Statements. On that basis, the Company recorded the adjustment in the first quarter of fiscal 2013. |
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Reclassifications |
The ratable product and related support and professional services revenue and the related cost of revenue in fiscal 2012 have been reclassified to support and professional services revenue and related cost of revenue in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company believes the ratable product and related support and professional services revenue and related cost of revenue are not material to total revenue and cost of revenue, and the nature of these amounts are consistent with support and professional services revenue and related cost of revenue. The amounts for fiscal 2012 have been reclassified to conform with the current presentation. |
Foreign Currency Transactions |
The functional currency of the Company's foreign subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar. Accordingly, the Company's monetary assets and liabilities of the foreign subsidiaries are re-measured into U.S. dollars at the exchange rates in effect at the reporting date, non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated at historical rates, and revenue and expenses are translated at average exchange rates in effect during each reporting period. The transaction gains and losses are included as a component of other income, net in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. |
Previously, the Company's Irish subsidiary used the Euro as its functional currency. Consequently, all assets and liabilities were translated to U.S. dollars using exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet dates. Translation adjustments were included in stockholders' equity in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. As of May 1, 2012, the Company changed its operational strategy and determined that the Irish subsidiary will buy and sell in U.S. dollars. Consequently, the Company changed its functional currency designation for the subsidiary from the Euro to U.S. dollars as of May 1, 2012. The cumulative translation adjustment of $1.5 million as of July 31, 2014 and July 31, 2013 is considered to be the basis in the assets of the Irish subsidiary and will remain as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss until such time as the Irish subsidiary is liquidated. |
Risks and Uncertainties |
The Company is subject to all of the risks inherent in operating in the networking and communications industry. These risks include, but are not limited to, new and rapidly evolving markets, a lengthy sales cycle, dependence on the development of new products and services, unfavorable economic and market conditions, customer acceptance of new products, competition from larger and more established companies, limited management resources, dependence on a limited number of contract manufacturers and suppliers, and the changing nature of the networking and communications industry. Failure by the Company to anticipate or to respond adequately to technological developments in its industry, changes in customer or supplier requirements, changes in regulatory requirements or industry standards, or any significant delays in the development or introduction of products and services, would have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial position. |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments |
The Company measures its financial instruments at fair value or amounts that approximate fair value. The Company maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs when developing fair value measurements. When available, the Company uses quoted market prices to measure fair value. If market prices are not available, fair value measurement is based upon models that use primarily market-based or independently-sourced market parameters. If market observable inputs for model-based valuation techniques are not available, the Company makes judgments about assumptions market participants would use in estimating the fair value of the financial instrument. Carrying values of cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature and liquidity of these financial instruments. |
Cash and Cash Equivalents |
The Company considers all highly liquid marketable securities purchased with an original maturity of 90 days or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are comprised of cash, sweep funds and money market funds. Due to the short-term nature and liquidity of these financial instruments, the carrying value of these assets approximates fair value. |
Short-Term Investments |
Short-term investments comprise marketable securities that consist primarily of corporate bonds, U.S. government agency securities, U.S. treasury bills, commercial paper, certificates of deposit, municipal notes, and bonds with original maturities beyond 90 days at the time of purchase. As the Company views all of its marketable securities as representing the investment of funds available for current operations, and management has the ability and intent, if necessary, to liquidate any of these investments in order to meet the Company’s liquidity needs within the next 12 months, the short-term investments are classified as available-for-sale. The Company’s policy is to protect the value of its investment portfolio and minimize principal risk by earning returns based on current interest rates. The Company's marketable securities are carried at fair value, with the unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported as a component of stockholders' equity. |
The Company reviews the individual securities in its portfolio to determine whether a decline in a security’s fair value below the amortized cost basis is other-than-temporary. If other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) has been incurred, and it is more likely than not that the Company will not sell the investment security before the recovery of its amortized cost basis, then the OTTI is separated into (a) the amount representing the credit loss and (b) the amount related to all other factors. The amount of the total OTTI related to the credit loss is recognized in earnings. The amount of the total OTTI related to other factors is recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss. The Company determined that there were no investments in its portfolio that were other-than-temporarily impaired as of July 31, 2014 and 2013. |
Concentrations of Credit Risk |
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk include cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments and accounts receivable. The Company maintains its cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments with high credit quality financial institutions and has not experienced any losses on its deposits of its cash and cash equivalents and its short-term investments due to concentration of credit risk. The Company’s accounts receivable are derived from revenue earned from customers located in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East and Africa, and Asia Pacific. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial conditions and generally requires no collateral from its customers. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts based upon the expected collectability of accounts receivable, and to date such losses have been within management’s expectations. See Note 11, Segment Information and Significant Customers, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more details on significant customers. |
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts |
The Company records an allowance for doubtful accounts based on historical experience and a detailed assessment of the collectability of its accounts receivable. In estimating the allowance for doubtful accounts, management considers, among other factors, (i) the aging of the accounts receivable, including trends within and ratios involving the age of the accounts receivable, (ii) the Company’s historical write-offs, (iii) the credit-worthiness of each customer, (iv) the economic conditions of the customer’s industry, and (v) general economic conditions. In cases where the Company is aware of circumstances that may impair a specific customer’s ability to meet its financial obligations, the Company records a specific allowance against amounts due from the customer, and thereby reduces the net recognized receivable to the amount it reasonably believes will be collected. |
Charges to operations relating to allowance for doubtful accounts were $(0.1) million, $0.8 million, and $0.1 million for fiscal 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively. |
Inventory |
Inventory consists of hardware and related component parts and is stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is computed using the standard cost, which approximates actual cost, on a first-in, first-out basis. The Company records inventory write-downs for potentially excess inventory based on forecasted demand, economic trends, and technological obsolescence of its products and transition of inventory related to new product releases. At the point of loss recognition, a new, lower-cost basis for that inventory is established, and subsequent changes in facts and circumstances do not result in the restoration or increase in that newly established cost basis. Inventory write-downs are reflected as cost of product revenue and amounted to approximately $4.3 million, $5.6 million, and $4.1 million, for fiscal 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively. |
Deferred Costs of Revenue |
When the Company’s products have been delivered, but the product revenue associated with the arrangement has been deferred as a result of not meeting the revenue recognition criteria, the Company also defers the related inventory costs for the delivered items. |
Property and Equipment, net |
Property and equipment, net are stated at historical cost net of accumulated depreciation. Property and equipment, excluding leasehold improvements, are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, generally ranging from two to six years. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, or the lease term. Leasehold improvements are recorded at cost with any reimbursements from the landlord being accounted for as a reduction of rent expense using the straight-line method over the lease term. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred and significant improvements and betterments that substantially enhance the life of an asset are capitalized. |
Upon retirement or sale, the cost of assets disposed of and the related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is credited or charged to the statement of operations, under other income, net. Disposals resulted in a loss of $0.2 million, $0.3 million, and $0.5 million for fiscal 2014, 2013, and 2012 respectively. |
Software Development Costs |
The Company capitalizes certain costs incurred to develop software for internal use and amortizes the capitalized costs on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life, generally three years. Such capitalized costs include external direct costs utilized in developing or obtaining the applications and payroll and payroll-related expenses for employees who are directly associated with developing the applications. Capitalization of such costs begins when the internal-use software system has reached the application development stage and ceases when the project is substantially complete and ready for its intended purpose. Capitalized internal-use software is included in the computer software category within property and equipment, net, in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. For fiscal 2014 and 2013, the Company capitalized costs associated with internal-use software totaling $1.2 million and $3.5 million, respectively. The unamortized balance of capitalized internal-use software at July 31, 2014 and July 31, 2013 was $3.3 million and related amortization expense for fiscal 2014 and 2013 was $1.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively. There were no capitalized costs for internal-use software in fiscal 2012. |
The Company expenses costs to develop software products or the software component of products to be marketed to external users, before technological feasibility of such products is reached. After technological feasibility is established, material software development costs are capitalized. To date, the period between achieving technological feasibility, which the Company has defined as the establishment of a working model, which typically occurs when beta testing commences, and the general availability of such software has been short and software development costs qualifying for capitalization have been insignificant. Accordingly, the Company has not capitalized any related software development costs for fiscal 2014 and 2013. |
Intangible Assets, net |
Intangible assets with finite lives are carried at cost, less accumulated amortization. Amortization is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated economic lives of the assets, which range from one to thirteen years. |
Impairment of Long-lived Assets and Indefinite-lived Intangibles |
Long-lived assets, including intangible assets with finite lives, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Determination of recoverability is based on an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. Measurement of an impairment loss for long-lived assets that management expects to hold and use is based on the fair value of the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds their fair value, which is typically calculated using discounted expected future cash flows. The Company did not recognize any significant impairment charges during fiscal 2014, 2013, and 2012. |
Indefinite-lived intangible assets, such as in-process research and development intangibles, are intangible assets that are not subject to amortization and are tested for impairment annually, during the Company's fourth fiscal quarter, or sooner if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. The impairment test consists of a comparison of the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of an indefinite-lived intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss shall be recognized in an amount equal to that excess. Once the research and development efforts are completed or abandoned, the Company shall determine the useful life of the assets and is required to perform an impairment test of the asset. The Company did not recognize any impairment charges related to indefinite-lived intangible assets during fiscal 2014, 2013, and 2012. |
Goodwill |
Goodwill represents the excess cost of a business acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired. The Company performs impairment testing on its goodwill at least annually, during its fourth fiscal quarter, and sooner if indicators of impairment exist at the reporting unit level. The Company performs its impairment testing by first assessing qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of its reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, the Company determines it is more likely than not that the fair value of its reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the Company performs a two-step impairment test. The first step requires the identification of the reporting units and comparison of the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, an indication of goodwill impairment exists for the reporting unit and the second step of the impairment test is performed to compute the amount of the impairment. Under the second step, an impairment loss is recognized for any excess of the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill over the implied fair value of that goodwill. The Company has determined that it has only one reporting unit. The Company did not recognize any impairment charges related to goodwill during fiscal 2014, 2013, and 2012. |
Revenue Recognition |
Total revenue is derived primarily from the sale of products and services, including support and professional services. The following revenue recognition policies define the manner in which the Company accounts for its sales transactions. |
The Company recognizes revenue when all of the following criteria have occurred: (1) the Company has entered into a legally binding arrangement with a customer; (2) delivery has occurred or the title and risk of loss has passed; (3) customer payment is deemed fixed or determinable and free of contingencies and significant uncertainties; and (4) collection is reasonably assured. |
The Company’s fees are typically considered to be fixed or determinable at the inception of an arrangement, generally based on specific products and quantities to be delivered. Substantially all of the Company’s contracts do not include rights of return or acceptance provisions. To the extent that the Company’s agreements contain such terms, the Company recognizes revenue once the customer has accepted, or once the acceptance provisions or right of return lapses. Payment terms to customers generally range from net 30 to 90 days. In the event payment terms are provided that differ from the Company’s standard business practices, the fees are deemed to not be fixed or determinable and revenue is recognized when the payments are received, provided the remaining criteria for revenue recognition have been met. |
The Company assesses the ability to collect from its customers based on a number of factors, including credit worthiness of the customer and past transaction history of the customer. If the customer is not deemed credit worthy, the Company defers revenue from the arrangement until payment is received and all other revenue recognition criteria have been met. The Company records estimated sales returns as a reduction to revenue upon shipment based on its contractual obligations and historical returns experience. In cases where the Company is aware of circumstances that will likely result in a specific customer’s request to return purchased equipment, the Company records a specific sales returns reserve. |
The Company’s revenue recognition policies provide that, when a sales arrangement contains multiple elements, such as hardware and software licenses and/or services, the Company allocates revenue to each element based on a selling price hierarchy. The selling price for a deliverable is based on its vendor specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of selling price if available, third party evidence (“TPE”) of selling price, if VSOE is not available, or best estimated selling price (“BESP”) if neither VSOE nor TPE is available. In multiple element arrangements where non-essential software deliverables are included, revenue for these multiple-element arrangements is allocated to the software deliverable and the non-software deliverables based on the relative selling prices of all of the deliverables in the arrangement using the hierarchy in the applicable accounting guidance. The Company limits the amount of revenue recognition for delivered elements to the amount that is not contingent on the future delivery of products or services, future performance obligations or subject to customer-specified return or refund privileges. |
The Company establishes VSOE of selling price using the price charged for a deliverable based upon the normal pricing and discounting practices when sold separately. VSOE for support services, professional services, and training is measured by the stand-alone renewal rate offered to the customer. In determining VSOE, the Company requires that a substantial majority of the selling prices for an element falls within a reasonably narrow pricing range, generally evidenced by a substantial majority of such historical stand-alone transactions falling within a reasonably narrow range of the median rates. In addition, the Company considers major service groups, geographies, customer classifications, and other variables in determining VSOE. |
TPE of selling price is established by evaluating largely similar and interchangeable competitor products or services in standalone sales to similarly situated customers. The Company is typically not able to determine TPE for the Company’s products or services. Generally, the Company’s go-to-market strategy differs from that of the Company’s peers and the Company’s offerings contain a significant level of differentiation such that the comparable pricing of products with similar functionality cannot be obtained. Furthermore, the Company is unable to reliably determine selling prices of competitor products and services on a stand-alone basis. |
When the Company is unable to establish the selling price of its non-software elements using VSOE or TPE, the Company uses BESP in its allocation of the arrangement consideration. The objective of BESP is to determine the price at which the Company would transact a sale if the product or service were sold on a stand-alone basis. The Company determines BESP for a product or service by considering multiple factors including, but not limited to, cost of products, gross margin objectives, pricing practices, geographies, customer classes and distribution channels. |
The Company regularly reviews estimated selling price of the product offerings and maintains internal controls over the establishment and updates of these estimates. The Company currently does not expect a material impact in the near term from changes in estimated selling prices, including VSOE of selling price. |
Products |
Product revenue consists of revenue from sales of the Company’s hardware appliances, perpetual software licenses, and software as a service. The majority of the Company’s products are hardware appliances containing software components that function together to provide the essential functionality of the product. Therefore, the Company’s hardware appliances are considered non-software elements and are not subject to the industry-specific software revenue recognition guidance. For these appliances, delivery occurs upon transfer of title and risk of loss, which is generally upon shipment. It is the Company’s practice to ensure an end-user has been identified by the channel partner prior to shipment to a channel partner. For end-users and channel partners, the Company generally has no significant obligations for future performance such as rights of return or pricing credits. |
For sales to direct end-users and certain channel partners, including value-added resellers (“VARs”), the Company recognizes product revenue upon delivery, assuming all other revenue recognition criteria are met. The Company also sells through value-added distributors (“VADs”). A significant portion of the Company’s sales are made through VADs under agreements allowing for stocking of the Company’s products in their inventory, pricing credits and limited rights of return for stock rotation. Product revenue on sales made through these VADs is initially deferred and revenue is recognized upon sell-through as reported by the VADs to the Company. |
The Company’s product revenue also includes revenue from the sale of stand-alone software products. Stand-alone software products may operate on the Company’s hardware appliance but are not considered essential to the functionality of the hardware. Sales of stand-alone software generally include a perpetual license to the Company’s software. For sales of stand-alone software, the Company recognizes revenue based on software revenue recognition guidance. Under the software revenue recognition guidance, the Company uses the residual method to recognize revenue when a product agreement includes one or more elements to be delivered at a future date and VSOE of the fair value of all undelivered elements exists. In the majority of the Company’s contracts, the only element that remains undelivered at the time of delivery of the product is support services. Under the residual method, the fair value of the undelivered elements is deferred and the remaining portion of the contract fee is recognized as product revenue. If evidence of the fair value of one or more undelivered elements does not exist, all revenue is generally deferred and recognized when delivery of those elements occurs or when fair value can be established. When the only undelivered element for which the Company does not have VSOE of selling price is support, revenue for the entire arrangement is bundled and recognized ratably over the support period. Product revenue for the Company's software as a service is recognized ratably over the contractually committed service delivery period. |
Services |
Service revenue consists of revenue from support agreements, professional services, and training. Support services include repair and replacement of defective hardware appliances, software updates and access to technical support personnel. Software updates provide customers with rights to unspecified software product upgrades and to maintenance releases and patches released during the term of the support period. Revenue for support services is recognized on a straight-line basis over the service contract term, which is typically one to five years. Revenue for professional services is recognized upon delivery or completion of performance. Professional service arrangements are typically short-term in nature and are largely completed within 90 days from the start of service. Revenue for training services is recognized upon delivery of the training. Costs associated with these service offerings are expensed as incurred. |
Post-contractual services (“PCS”) that the Company provides to its channel partners differ from PCS that it provides to its end customers in that the Company is only obligated to provide support services to the channel partner directly, while the channel partner is obligated to provide support services directly to the end customer. The channel partner is obligated to provide to the end customer first level troubleshooting assistance as well as second level support for high-level technical and product diagnosis which might include returned merchandise fulfillment. The Company’s obligations are only to provide software upgrades and, in the unusual scenario in which the channel partner is unable to provide the technical support that the end customer requires, a third level technical diagnosis and support. |
As discussed above under Reclassifications, ratable product and related support and professional services revenue and the related cost of revenue in fiscal 2012 has been reclassified to support and professional services revenue and related cost of revenue to conform to current presentation. |
Shipping and Handling |
Shipping charges billed to customers are included in product revenue and the related shipping costs are included in cost of product revenue. |
Research and Development Expenses |
Research and development costs, primarily consisting of salaries and employee benefits, including stock-based compensation costs, as well as, administrative costs, other than capitalized software development costs, are charged to operations as incurred. |
Stock-Based Compensation |
The Company measures and recognizes compensation expense for all stock-based awards made to employees and non-employees under the fair value method. The Company’s stock-based awards include stock options, restricted stock units and awards, employee stock purchase plan, and performance-based awards. The Company calculates the fair value of restricted stock and performance-based awards, which are paid in restricted stock, based on the fair market value of its common stock on the date of grant. The Company calculates the fair value of stock options and employee stock purchase plan shares on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. This methodology requires the use of subjective assumptions such as expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards, actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors, risk-free interest rates and expected dividends. This fair value is then amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the awards, which is generally the vesting period. The Company determines the amount of stock-based compensation expense based on awards that it ultimately expects to vest, reduced for estimated forfeitures. In addition, stock-based compensation expense includes the effects of awards modified, repurchased or cancelled. |
Income Taxes |
The Company estimates its income taxes based on the various jurisdictions where it conducts business. Significant judgment is required in determining its worldwide income tax provision. Deferred income taxes are recorded for the expected tax consequences of temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and amounts recognized for income tax purposes. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce its deferred tax assets to the amount of future tax benefit that is more likely than not to be realized. |
Foreign earnings that are considered to be permanently reinvested outside of the United States are excluded from U.S. tax provision. |
A two-step approach is applied for the recognition and measurement of uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The first step is to determine if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained in an audit, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in its provision for income taxes line in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. |
In computing the tax benefit of stock-based compensation, the Company uses the direct method and the "with and without" method for utilization of tax attributes. |
Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
Comprehensive income (loss) consists of other comprehensive income (loss) and net loss. Other comprehensive income (loss) refers to revenue, expenses, gains and losses that under generally accepted accounting principles are recorded as an element of stockholders’ equity but are excluded from net loss. Other comprehensive income (loss) consists of foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains and losses from short-term investments, net of tax. |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements |
In March 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued an accounting standard update requiring an entity to release into net income (loss) the entire amount of a cumulative translation adjustment related to its investment in a foreign entity when as a parent it either sells a part or all of its investment in the foreign entity or no longer holds a controlling financial interest in a subsidiary or group of assets within the foreign entity. This accounting standard update will be effective for the Company beginning in its first quarter of fiscal 2015. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard update on its Consolidated Financial Statements. |
In July 2013, the FASB issued an accounting standard update that provides explicit guidance on the financial statement presentation of an unrecognized tax benefit when a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward exists, with the purpose of reducing diversity in practice. This standard update requires the netting of unrecognized tax benefits against a deferred tax asset for a loss or other carryforward that would apply in settlement of the uncertain tax positions. This accounting standard update will be effective for the Company's fiscal 2015 and applied prospectively, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard update on its Consolidated Financial Statements. |
In April 2014, the FASB issued an accounting standard update that changes the criteria for reporting discontinued operations. This accounting standard raises the threshold for a disposal to qualify as a discontinued operation and requires new disclosures of both discontinued operations and certain other disposals that do not meet the definition of discontinued operation. Under the revised standard, a disposal of a component of an entity or a group of components of an entity is required to be reported in discontinued operations if the disposal represents a strategic shift that has, or will have, a major effect on an entity's operations and financial results when either it qualifies as held for sale, disposed of by sale, or disposed of other than by sale. This accounting standard will be effective for the Company beginning in its first quarter of fiscal 2016. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard update on its Consolidated Financial Statements. |
In May 2014, the FASB issued an accounting standard update which provides for new revenue recognition guidance. The new standard supersedes nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance. The core principle of the new guidance is to recognize revenue when promised goods or services are transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the vendor expects to receive for those goods or services. The new standard is expected to require more judgment and estimates within the revenue recognition process than required under existing U.S. GAAP, including identifying performance obligations in the contract, estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price and allocating the transaction price to separate performance obligations. This accounting standard will be effective for the Company beginning in its first quarter of fiscal 2018, with no early adoption permitted, using one of two methods of adoption: (i) retrospective to each prior reporting period presented, with the option to elect certain practical expedients as defined within the standard; or (ii) retrospective with the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard recognized at the date of initial application inclusive of certain additional disclosures. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard update on its Consolidated Financial Statements. |