Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Sep. 30, 2014 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ' |
Basis of Presentation | ' |
Basis of Presentation |
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include those of the Company and its subsidiary, Enanta Pharmaceuticals Security Corporation, after elimination of all intercompany accounts and transactions. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). |
Use of Estimates | ' |
Use of Estimates |
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in these consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, management’s judgments of separate units of accounting and best estimate of selling price of those units of accounting within its revenue arrangements; valuation of warrants, Series 1 nonconvertible preferred stock and stock-based awards; the useful lives of property and equipment; and the accounting for income taxes, including uncertain tax positions and the valuation of net deferred tax assets. Estimates are periodically reviewed in light of changes in circumstances, facts and experience. Actual results could differ from the Company’s estimates. |
Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities | ' |
Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities |
The Company considers all short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of ninety days or less at acquisition date to be cash equivalents. Marketable securities with original maturities of greater than three months and remaining maturities of less than one year from the balance sheet date are classified as short-term marketable securities. Marketable securities with remaining maturities of greater than one year from the balance sheet date are classified as long-term marketable securities. |
The Company classifies all of its marketable securities as available-for-sale. All marketable securities are held with one investment manager. The Company continually evaluates the credit ratings of its investment portfolio and underlying securities. The Company invests in accordance with its investment policy and invests at the date of purchase in securities with a rating of A3 or higher and A- or higher according to Moody’s and S&P, respectively. The Company reports available-for-sale investments at fair value as of each balance sheet date and records any unrealized gains and losses as a component of stockholders’ equity. The cost of securities sold is determined on a specific identification basis, and realized gains and losses are included in other income (expense) within the statement of operations. If any adjustment to fair value reflects a decline in the value of the investment, the Company considers available evidence to evaluate the extent to which the decline is “other than temporary” and reduces the investment to fair value through a charge to the statement of operations. There were no such adjustments necessary during the years ended September 30, 2014, 2013 or 2012. |
Restricted Cash | ' |
Restricted Cash |
As of September 30, 2014 and 2013, the Company had outstanding a letter of credit collateralized by a money market account of $436 to the benefit of the landlord of the Company’s current office lease. This amount was classified as long-term restricted cash as of September 30, 2014 and 2013. |
Concentration of Credit Risk and of Significant Customers and Suppliers | ' |
Concentration of Credit Risk and of Significant Customers and Suppliers |
Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, accounts receivable and unbilled receivables. The Company has all cash and investment balances at one accredited financial institution, in amounts that exceed federally insured limits. The Company does not believe that it is subject to unusual credit risk beyond the normal credit risk associated with commercial banking relationships. |
The Company has historically generated all of its revenue from its collaborative research and license agreements and a U.S. government contract (see Note 7). As of September 30, 2014, accounts receivable and unbilled receivables consisted solely of amounts due under the U.S. government contract. As of September 30, 2013, accounts receivable and unbilled receivables consisted of amounts due from the Company’s collaborators and under the U.S. government contract (see Note 7). |
The Company is completely dependent on third-party manufacturers for product supply for preclinical research activities in its non-partnered programs. In particular, the Company relies and expects to continue to rely exclusively on several manufacturers to supply it with its requirements for the active pharmaceutical ingredients related to these programs. These research programs would be adversely affected by a significant interruption in the supply of it active pharmaceutical ingredients. |
Fair Value Measurements | ' |
Fair Value Measurements |
Certain assets and liabilities are carried at fair value under GAAP. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. A fair value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last is considered unobservable, is used to measure fair value: |
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| • | | Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. |
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| • | | Level 2—Observable inputs (other than Level 1 quoted prices) such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets or liabilities, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. |
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| • | | Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to determining the fair value of the assets or liabilities, including pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques. |
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The Company’s cash equivalents and marketable securities assets and its warrant and Series 1 nonconvertible preferred stock liabilities are carried at fair value determined according to the fair value hierarchy described above (see Note 3). The carrying values of accounts receivable and unbilled receivables, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair value due to the short-term nature of these assets and liabilities. |
Property and Equipment | ' |
Property and Equipment |
Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation or amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense is recognized using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives: |
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Laboratory and office equipment | | 3–5 years | |
Leasehold improvements | | Shorter of life of lease or estimated useful life | |
Purchased software | | 3–5 years | |
Computer equipment | | 3–5 years | |
Furniture | | 7 years | |
Expenditures for repairs and maintenance of assets are charged to expense as incurred. Costs of major additions and betterments are capitalized and depreciated on a straight-line basis over their useful lives. Upon retirement or sale, the cost and related accumulated depreciation or amortization of assets disposed of are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in income from operations. |
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets | ' |
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets |
The Company reviews long-lived assets, including property and equipment, for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable. Factors that the Company considers in deciding when to perform an impairment review include significant underperformance of the business in relation to expectations, significant negative industry or economic trends, and significant changes or planned changes in the use of the assets. If an impairment review is performed to evaluate a long-lived asset for recoverability, the Company compares forecasts of undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the long-lived asset to its carrying value. An impairment loss would be recognized when estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of an asset are less than its carrying amount. The impairment loss would be based on the excess of the carrying value of the impaired asset over its fair value, determined based on discounted cash flows. To date, the Company has not recorded any impairment losses on long-lived assets. |
Revenue Recognition | ' |
Revenue Recognition |
The Company’s revenue is generated primarily through collaborative research and license agreements. The terms of these agreements contain multiple deliverables, which may include (i) licenses, (ii) research and development activities, and (iii) participation in joint research and development steering committees. The terms of these agreements may include nonrefundable upfront license fees, payments for research and development activities, payments based upon the achievement of certain milestones, and royalty payments based on product sales derived from the collaboration. In all instances, revenue is recognized only when the price is fixed or determinable, persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or the services have been rendered, collectibility of the resulting receivable is reasonably assured, and the Company has fulfilled its performance obligations under the contract. |
For agreements entered into prior to October 1, 2011, the Company evaluated license agreements with multiple deliverables to determine if the deliverable elements could be recognized separately by considering (i) if the delivered elements (typically the license) had standalone value to the customer, (ii) if the fair value of any undelivered elements (typically the research and development services and the steering committee activities) could be determined based on vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) or vendor objective evidence (“VOE”), and (iii) if the arrangement included a general right of return relative to the delivered item, the delivery or performance of the undelivered item was considered probable and substantially within the control of the Company. VSOE of fair value was based on the consistent price of a deliverable when the Company regularly sold it on a standalone basis. Alternatively, VOE was based upon third-party objective evidence of fair value. If the delivered elements had value on a standalone basis and the fair value of the undelivered elements could be determined based on VSOE or VOE, revenues of such elements were then accounted for separately as delivered with arrangement consideration allocated to the delivered elements based on the residual value method. If either (i) the delivered elements were considered to not have standalone value or (ii) VSOE or VOE of fair value for any of the undelivered elements could not be determined, the arrangement was accounted for as a single unit of accounting and all payments received were recognized as revenue over the estimated period of performance of the entire arrangement. |
On October 1, 2011, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2009-13, Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements (“ASU 2009-13”). This guidance, which applies to multiple-element arrangements entered into or materially modified on or after October 1, 2011, amends the criteria for separating and allocating consideration in a multiple-element arrangement by modifying the fair value requirements for revenue recognition and eliminating the use of the residual value method. The selling prices of deliverables under the arrangement may be derived using third-party evidence (“TPE”) or a best estimate of selling price (“BESP”), if VSOE is not available. The objective of BESP is to determine the price at which the Company would transact a sale if the element within the license agreement was sold on a standalone basis. Establishing BESP involves management’s judgment and considers multiple factors, including market conditions and company-specific factors including those factors contemplated in negotiating the agreements as well as internally developed models that include assumptions related to market opportunity, discounted cash flows, estimated development costs, probability of success, and the time needed to commercialize a product candidate pursuant to the license. In validating the Company’s BESP, the Company considers whether changes in key assumptions used to determine the BESP will have a significant effect on the allocation of the arrangement consideration between the multiple deliverables. Deliverables under the arrangement are separate units of accounting if (i) the delivered item has value to the customer on a standalone basis, and (ii) if the arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the delivered item, delivery or performance of the undelivered item is considered probable and substantially within the control of the Company. The arrangement consideration that is fixed or determinable at the inception of the arrangement is allocated to the separate units of accounting based on their relative selling prices. The appropriate revenue recognition model is applied to each element, and revenue is accordingly recognized as each element is delivered. The Company may exercise significant judgment in determining whether a deliverable is a separate unit of accounting. The Company elected to adopt ASU 2009-13 prospectively as of October 1, 2011. |
In determining the separate units of accounting, the Company evaluates whether the license has standalone value to the collaborator based on consideration of the relevant facts and circumstances for each arrangement. Factors considered in this determination include the research and development capabilities of the collaborator and the availability of relevant research expertise in the marketplace. In addition, the Company considers whether or not (i) the collaborator can use the license for its intended purpose without the receipt of the remaining deliverables, (ii) the value of the license is dependent on the undelivered items, and (iii) the collaborator or other vendors can provide the undelivered items. |
Under a collaborative research and license agreement, a steering committee is typically responsible for overseeing the general working relationships, determining the protocols to be followed in the research and development performed, and evaluating the results from the continued development of the product in order to determine the clinical studies to be performed. The Company evaluates whether its participation in joint research and development steering committees is a substantive obligation or whether the services are considered inconsequential or perfunctory. The Company’s participation on a steering committee is considered “participatory” and therefore accounted for as a separate element when the collaborator requires the participation of the Company to ensure all elements of an arrangement are maximized. Steering committee services that are considered participatory are combined with other research services or performance obligations required under an arrangement, if any, in determining the level of effort required in an arrangement and the period over which the Company expects to complete its aggregate performance obligations. Alternatively, the Company’s participation on a steering committee is considered “protective” and therefore not accounted for as a separate element in a case where the Company can exercise or control when to be involved at its own discretion. Factors the Company considers in determining if its participation in a joint steering committee is participating or protective include: (i) which party negotiated or requested the steering committee, (ii) how frequently the steering committee meets, (iii) whether or not there are any penalties or other recourse if the Company does not attend the steering committee meetings, (iv) which party has decision making authority on the steering committee, and (v) whether or not the collaborator has the requisite experience and expertise associated with the research and development of the licensed intellectual property. |
For all periods presented, whenever the Company determines that an element is delivered over a period of time, revenue is recognized using either a proportional performance model or a straight-line model over the period of performance, which is typically the research and development term. Full-time equivalents (“FTEs”) are typically used as the measure of performance. At each reporting period, the Company reassesses its cumulative measure of performance and makes appropriate adjustments, if necessary. The Company recognizes revenue using the proportional performance model whenever the Company can make reasonably reliable estimates of the level of effort required to complete its performance obligations under an arrangement. Revenue recognized under the proportional performance model at each reporting period is determined by multiplying the total expected payments under the contract (excluding royalties and payments contingent upon achievement of milestones) by the ratio of the level of effort incurred to date to the estimated total level of effort required to complete the performance obligations under the arrangement. Revenue is limited to the lesser of the cumulative amount of payments received or the cumulative amount of revenue earned, as determined using the proportional performance model as of each reporting period. Alternatively, if the Company cannot make reasonably reliable estimates the level of effort required to complete its performance obligations under an arrangement, then revenue under the arrangement is recognized on a straight-line basis over the period expected to complete the Company’s performance obligations. If and when a contingent milestone payment is earned, the additional consideration to be received is allocated to the separate units of accounting in the arrangement based on their relative selling prices at the inception of the arrangement. Revenue is limited to the lesser of the cumulative amount of payments received or the cumulative amount of revenue earned, as determined on a straight-line basis as of the period end date. If the Company cannot reasonably estimate when its performance obligation period ends, then revenue is deferred until the Company can reasonably estimate when the performance obligation period ends. |
Royalty revenue, if any, is recognized based on contractual terms when reported sales are reliably measurable and collectibility is reasonably assured, provided that there are no performance obligations then remaining. To date, none of the Company’s products have been approved, and therefore the Company has not earned any royalty revenue from product sales. |
During the years ended September 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012, the Company also generated revenue from a government contract under which the Company is reimbursed for certain allowable costs incurred for the funded project. Revenue from the government contract is recognized when the related service is performed. The related costs incurred by the Company under the government contract are included in research and development expense in the statements of operations. |
Amounts received prior to satisfying all revenue recognition criteria are recorded as deferred revenue in the accompanying balance sheets. Amounts not expected to be recognized as revenue within the next twelve months of the balance sheet date are classified as long-term deferred revenue. |
In the event that a collaborative research and license agreement is terminated and the Company then has no further performance obligations, the Company recognizes as revenue any portion of the upfront payment that had not previously been recorded as revenue but was classified as deferred revenue at the date of such termination. |
Research and Development Costs | ' |
Research and Development Costs |
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Included in research and development costs are wages, stock-based compensation and benefits of employees, third-party license fees and other operational costs related to the Company’s research and development activities, including facility-related expenses and external costs of outside contractors engaged to conduct both preclinical and clinical studies. The Company also includes in research and development expense the costs to complete the Company’s obligations under research collaborations. |
Patent Costs | ' |
Patent Costs |
All patent-related costs incurred in connection with filing and prosecuting patent applications are recorded as general and administrative expenses as incurred, as recoverability of such expenditures is uncertain. |
Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation | ' |
Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation |
The Company measures all stock options and other stock-based awards granted to employees at the fair value on the date of the grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The fair value of the awards is recognized as expense, net of estimated forfeitures, over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the respective award. The straight-line method of expense recognition is applied to all awards with service-only conditions. The Company records compensation expense related to performance-based awards when performance-based targets are deemed to be probable of being achieved. The Company classifies stock-based compensation expense in the statements of operations in the same manner in which the award recipient’s payroll costs are classified. |
Income Taxes | ' |
Income Taxes |
The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the financial statements or in the Company’s tax returns. Deferred taxes are determined based on the difference between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect in the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. Changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded in the provision for income taxes. The Company assesses the likelihood that its deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income and, to the extent it believes, based upon the weight of available evidence, that it is more likely than not that all or a portion of deferred tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance is established through a charge to income tax expense. Potential for recovery of deferred tax assets is evaluated by estimating the future taxable profits expected and considering prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. |
The Company accounts for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in the financial statements by applying a two-step process to determine the amount of tax benefit to be recognized. First, the tax position must be evaluated to determine the likelihood that it will be sustained upon external examination by the taxing authorities. If the tax position is deemed more-likely-than-not to be sustained, the tax position is then assessed to determine the amount of benefit to recognize in the financial statements. The amount of the benefit that may be recognized is the largest amount that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The provision for income taxes includes the effects of any resulting tax reserves, or unrecognized tax benefits, that are considered appropriate as well as the related net interest and penalties. |
Net Income (Loss) Per Share | ' |
Net Income per Share |
The Company followed the two-class method when computing net income (loss) per share during periods prior to the IPO when the Company had issued shares that met the definition of participating securities. The two-class method was used to determine net income (loss) per share for each class of common and participating securities according to dividends declared or accumulated and participation rights in undistributed earnings. The two-class method required income available to common stockholders for the period to be allocated between common and participating securities based upon their respective rights to receive dividends as if all income for the period had been distributed. |
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The Company’s redeemable convertible preferred shares and convertible preferred shares contractually entitled the holders of such shares to participate in dividends, but did not contractually require the holders of such shares to participate in losses of the Company. Accordingly, in periods in which the Company had participating securities and reported a net loss or a net loss attributable to common stockholders resulting from preferred stock dividends or accretion, net losses were not allocated to participating securities. |
Basic net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. Diluted net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders is computed by adjusting net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders to reallocate undistributed earnings based on the potential impact of dilutive securities, including outstanding stock options and outstanding warrants. Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the diluted net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period, including potential dilutive common shares assuming the dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and outstanding warrants. For periods in which the Company has reported net losses, diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is the same as basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, since dilutive common shares are not assumed to have been issued if their effect is anti-dilutive. |
Segment Data | ' |
Segment Data |
The Company manages its operations as a single segment for the purposes of assessing performance and making operating decisions. The Company is a biotechnology company focused on discovering and developing small molecule drugs in the infectious disease field. Revenue is generated exclusively from transactions occurring in the United States, and all assets are held in the United States. |
Comprehensive Income (Loss) | ' |
Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
Comprehensive income (loss) includes net income (loss) as well as other changes in stockholders’ equity (deficit) that result from transactions and economic events other than those with stockholders. The Company’s only element of other comprehensive income (loss) is unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale marketable securities. |
Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Pronouncements | ' |
Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Pronouncements |
In May, 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which supersedes all existing revenue recognition requirements, including most industry-specific guidance. The new standard requires a company to recognize revenue when it transfers goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that the company expects to receive for those goods or services. The new standard will be effective for the Company on October 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact that Topic 606 may have on its financial position and results of operations. |
Other accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by the FASB or other standards-setting bodies that do not require adoption until a future date are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements upon adoption. |