Stockholders' Equity | 9. Stockholders’ Equity Authorized, Issued, and Outstanding Common Stock The Company’s authorized common stock has a par value of $ 0.001 per share and consists of 150,000,000 and 100,000,000 shares as of September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively; 32,656,242 and 28,705,334 shares were issued and outstanding at September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively. In September 2022, the Company amended its Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to increase the total number of authorized shares of common stock from 100,000,000 to 150,000,000 . T he following table summarizes common stock share activity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (dollars in thousands): Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 Shares of Common Additional Accumulated Total Balance, June 30, 2022 32,596,403 $ 36 $ 423,719 $ ( 378,275 ) $ 45,480 Net loss — — — ( 29,584 ) ( 29,584 ) Stock-based compensation expense — — 1,210 — 1,210 Common stock issued through employee stock purchase plan 3,714 — 8 — 8 Common stock issued, net of expenses 50,000 — 95 — 95 Common stock issued for vested restricted stock units 6,125 — — — — Balance, September 30, 2022 32,656,242 $ 36 $ 425,032 $ ( 407,859 ) $ 17,209 Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 Shares of Common Additional Accumulated Total Balance, June 30, 2021 23,147,552 $ 26 $ 361,925 $ ( 329,631 ) $ 32,320 Net loss — — — ( 605 ) ( 605 ) Stock-based compensation expense — — 588 — 588 Common stock issued through employee stock purchase plan 2,759 — 13 — 13 Common stock issued, net of expenses 733,937 1 5,300 — 5,301 Common stock issued for vested restricted stock units 1,322 — ( 3 ) — ( 3 ) Balance, September 30, 2021 23,885,570 $ 27 $ 367,823 $ ( 330,236 ) $ 37,614 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 Shares of Common Additional Accumulated Total Balance, December 31, 2021 28,705,334 $ 32 $ 400,705 $ ( 359,479 ) $ 41,258 Net loss — — — ( 48,380 ) ( 48,380 ) Stock-based compensation expense — — 3,232 — 3,232 Common stock issued through employee stock purchase plan 6,834 — 18 — 18 Common stock issued, net of expenses 3,895,943 4 21,006 — 21,010 Common stock issued for vested restricted stock units 48,131 — — — — Vested Loan Agreement warrants — — 71 — 71 Balance, September 30, 2022 32,656,242 $ 36 $ 425,032 $ ( 407,859 ) $ 17,209 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 Shares of Common Additional Accumulated Total Balance, December 31, 2020 19,663,698 $ 20 $ 349,351 $ ( 326,613 ) $ 22,758 Net loss — — — ( 3,623 ) ( 3,623 ) Stock-based compensation expense — — 1,528 — 1,528 Common stock issued through employee stock purchase plan 4,943 — 22 — 22 Common stock issued, net of expenses 3,250,739 6 8,707 — 8,713 Common stock issued for conversion of April 2020 Notes 959,080 1 7,452 — 7,453 Common stock issued for vested restricted stock units 7,110 — ( 3 ) — ( 3 ) Vested Loan Agreement warrants — — 766 — 766 Balance, September 30, 2021 23,885,570 $ 27 $ 367,823 $ ( 330,236 ) $ 37,614 Shares Reserved for Future Issuance The Company had reserved shares of common stock for future issuance as follows: September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Outstanding stock options 2,125,002 1,542,126 Outstanding restricted stock units 990,015 133,834 Warrants to purchase common stock associated with March 2018 public offering – Series 2 798,810 798,810 Warrants to purchase common stock associated with December 2020 public offering - Series 2 6,800,000 6,800,000 Prefunded warrants to purchase common stock associated with December 2020 public offering 3,200,000 3,200,000 Warrants to purchase common stock associated with April 2022 Public Offering 15,000,000 — Prefunded warrants to purchase common stock associated with April 2022 Public Offering 11,666,667 — Warrants to purchase common stock associated with Loan Agreement 198,819 170,410 Warrant to purchase common stock associated with Danforth 50,000 50,000 For possible future issuance for the conversion of the March 2019 Notes 1,138,200 1,138,200 For possible future issuance under 2014 Plan (Note 10) 62,995 295,220 For possible future issuance under employee stock purchase plan — 3,893 For possible future issuance under 2015 Plan (Note 10) 128,250 235,000 Total common shares reserved for future issuance 42,158,758 14,367,493 April 2022 Public Offering On April 22, 2022, the Company entered into an Equity Underwriting Agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with Guggenheim Securities, LLC, as representative of the several underwriters (the “Underwriters”), relating to the offering, issuance and sale (the “April 2022 Public Offering”) of (a) 3,333,333 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $ 0.001 per share, (b) pre-funded warrants, in lieu of common stock, to purchase 11,666,667 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $ 0.001 per share, and (c) warrants, which will accompany the common stock or pre-funded warrants, to purchase up to an aggregate of 15,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. The pre-funded warrants entitle the holders to purchase up to 11,666,667 shares of common stock and have an unlimited term and an exercise price of $ 0.001 per share. The warrants entitle the holders to purchase up to an aggregate of 15,000,000 shares of common stock and have a seven-year term and an exercise price of $ 3.45 per share. The warrants that accompany the pre-funded warrants have an additional provision entitling the holder thereof to purchase a pre-funded warrant rather than a share of common stock at the warrant exercise price less the exercise price of the pre-funded warrant purchased. Each warrant is exercisable immediately upon issuance, subject to certain limitations on beneficial ownership. The price to the public in the April 2022 Public Offering was $ 3.00 per share of common stock and accompanying warrants, or in the case of pre-funded warrants, $ 2.999 per pre-funded warrant and accompanying warrants, which resulted in $ 41.8 million of net proceeds to the Company after deducting the underwriting discount and offering expenses. The prefunded warrants are classified as equity in accordance with ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging given the prefunded warrants are indexed to the Company’s own shares of common stock and meet the requirements to be classified in equity. The prefunded warrants were recorded at their relative fair value at issuance in the stockholders’ equity section of the balance sheet and the prefunded warrants are considered outstanding shares in the basic earnings per share calculation for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 given their nominal exercise price. Common Stock Purchase Agreement and Sales Agreements On April 10, 2020, the Company entered into the Common Stock Purchase Agreement with Aspire Capital (the “Common Stock Purchase Agreement”) pursuant to which the Company had the right to sell to Aspire Capital from time to time in its sole discretion up to $ 20.0 million in shares of the Company’s common stock, subject to certain limitations and conditions set forth in the Common Stock Purchase Agreement. The Common Stock Purchase Agreement expired in October 2022. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company sold 50,000 and 425,000 shares of its common stock under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement for gross proceeds of $ 0.1 million and $ 1.6 million, respectively. During both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company sold 400,000 of its common stock under the Common Stock Purchase Agreement for gross proceeds of $ 2.6 million. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company sold zero and 137,610 shares of its common stock and received net proceeds of zero and $ 0.7 million, respectively, under the Controlled Equity Offering SM Sales Agreements with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. and Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc. (the “Sales Agreements”). During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company sold 333,937 and 430,605 shares of its common stock and received net proceeds of $ 1.9 million and $ 2.5 million under the Sales Agreements. Warrants Associated with the March 2018, December 2020 and April 2022 Public Offerings The outstanding warrants associated with the March 2018 and December 2020 public offerings contain a provision where the warrant holder has the option to receive cash, equal to the Black-Scholes fair value of the remaining unexercised portion of the warrant, as cash settlement in the event that there is a fundamental transaction (contractually defined to include various merger, acquisition or stock transfer activities). Due to this provision, ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, requires that these warrants be classified as liabilities. The fair values of these warrants have been determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model, and the changes in the fair value are recorded in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. The outstanding warrants associated with the April 2022 public offering meet the definition of a derivative pursuant to ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging , and do not meet the derivative scope exception given the warrants do not qualify under the indexation guidance. As a result, the April 2022 public offering warrants were initially recognized as liabilities and measured at fair value using the Black-Scholes valuation model. Issuance costs of $ 1.7 million initially allocated to the April 2022 public offering warrants were written off and recognized in the warrant liabilities fair value adjustment in the nine months ended September 30, 2022. During the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized a loss of $ 6.5 million and a gain of $ 18.8 million on the warrant liabilities fair value adjustment, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized gains of $ 13.2 million and $ 35.4 million on the warrant liabilities fair value adjustment. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the fair value of the warrant liabilities was $ 27.7 million and $ 18.1 million, respectively. Warrants Associated with Loan Agreement In connection with the entry into the Loan Agreement, the Company issued to each of Hercules and SVB a warrant (collectively, the “Warrants”) to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $ 0.001 per share (the “Shares”). The amount of shares that may be purchased for the Warrants, collectively between Hercules and SVB, will not exceed 0.04 multiplied by the aggregate amount of the term loan advances, divided by the exercise price of the Warrants. At the closing of the Loan Agreement, the Company issued 113,607 warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock and recognized the initial warrants at their relative fair value in shareholder's equity. Upon the funding of the $ 10.0 million and $ 5.0 million for the second and third tranches in June 2021 and March 2022, respectively, the associated warrant liabilities of $ 0.3 million and $ 0.1 million, respectively, were reclassed to additional paid in capital at settlement. In June 2021 and March 2022, 56,803 and 28,409 warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock were issued upon vesting of the second and third tranches, respectively. |