Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments, which potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of cash on deposit and cash equivalents held with one bank which exceed FDIC insured limits. Ongoing credit evaluations of the customer’s financial condition are performed and independent credit ratings for the associated bank are reviewed by the Company and collateral is not required. The Company's money market fund investment (recognized as cash and cash equivalents) is with what the Company believes to be a high quality issuer. The Company has not experienced any losses in such account. Revenue recognized from a non-refundable upfront payment from R-Pharm, CJSC (“R-Pharm”), a collaboration partner (see Note 13), accounted for 100% of the Company's revenue for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. No other parties contributed to the Company's revenue in 2017 and 2016. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers any highly liquid investments with a remaining maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash and cash equivalents. Short-Term Investments The Company's held-to-maturity investments in U.S. government securities, commercial paper, and its overnight repurchase agreement are carried at amortized cost and any premiums or discounts are amortized or accreted through the maturity date of the investment. Any impairment that is not deemed to be temporary is recognized in the period identified. Deferred Offering Costs Deferred offering costs are expenses directly related to the IPO, the April 2015 Offering, or the Company's Shelf Registration (see Note 1). These costs consist of legal, accounting, printing, and filing fees that the Company has capitalized, including fees incurred by the independent registered public accounting firm directly related to the offerings. The IPO deferred offering costs were offset against the IPO proceeds in May 2014 and were reclassified to additional paid-in capital upon completion of the IPO. Deferred costs associated with the April 2015 Offering were offset against the proceeds from the April 2015 Offering and were reclassified to additional paid-in capital upon completion of the April 2015 Offering. Deferred costs associated with the Shelf Registration will be reclassified to additional paid in capital on a pro-rata basis in the event the Company completes an offering under the Shelf Registration, with any remaining deferred offering costs charged to the results of operations at the end of the three-year life of the Shelf Registration. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the amount capitalized as deferred offering costs was $0.3 million. Warrant Liability On June 21, 2016, the Company sold an aggregate of 9,375,000 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase up to 4,218,750 shares of the Company's common stock under the Shelf Registration at a public offering price of $2.40 per share of common stock sold. The Company accounted for these warrants as a liability instrument measured at its fair value. The fair values of these warrants have been determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model ("Black-Scholes"). The warrants are subject to remeasurement at each balance sheet date, using Black-Scholes, with any changes in the fair value of the outstanding warrants recognized in the accompanying statements of operation. See Note 8 for further details. Comprehensive Loss The Company has no items of comprehensive income or loss other than net loss. Revenue Recognition and Deferred Revenue The Company has entered into collaboration arrangements in exchange for non-refundable upfront payments and consideration as services are performed. These arrangements include multiple elements, such as the sale of licenses and the provision of services. Under these arrangements, the Company also is entitled to receive development milestone payments and royalties in the form of a designated percentage of product sales. The Company classifies non-refundable upfront payments, milestone payments and royalties received under collaboration and licensing agreements as revenues within its statements of operations because the Company views such activities as being central to its business operations. Revenue is recognized when all of the following conditions are met: (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (ii) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; (iii) fees are fixed or determinable; and (iv) collection of fees is reasonably assured. When entering into an arrangement, the Company first determines whether the arrangement includes multiple deliverables and is subject to accounting guidance in ASC subtopic 605-25, Multiple-Element Arrangements Non-refundable upfront license fees are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized into revenue on a straight-line basis over the estimated period of the Company’s substantive performance obligations. If the Company does not have substantive performance obligations, the Company recognizes non-refundable upfront fees into revenue through the date the deliverable is satisfied. Analyzing the arrangement to identify deliverables requires the use of judgment and each deliverable may be an obligation to deliver services, a right or license to use an asset, or another performance obligation. In arrangements that include license rights and other non-contingent deliverables, such as participation in a steering committee, these deliverables do not have standalone value because the non-contingent deliverables are dependent on the license rights. That is, the non-contingent deliverables would not have value without the license rights, and only the Company can perform the related services. Upfront license rights and non-contingent deliverables, such as participation in a steering committee, do not have standalone value as they are not sold separately and they cannot be resold. In addition, when non-contingent deliverables are sold with upfront license rights, the license rights do not represent the culmination of a separate earnings process. As such, the Company accounts for the license and the non-contingent deliverables as a single combined unit of accounting. In such instances, the license revenue in the form of non-refundable upfront payments is deferred and recognized over the applicable relationship period, which historically has been the estimated period of the Company’s substantive performance obligations or the period the rights granted are in effect. The Company recognizes contingent event-based payments under license agreements when the payments are received. The Company has not received any royalty payments to date. The Company will recognize a milestone payment as revenue when earned if it is substantive and the Company has no ongoing performance obligations related to the milestone. A milestone payment is considered substantive if it: 1) is commensurate with either the Company’s performance to achieve the milestone or the enhanced value of the delivered item as a result of a specific outcome from the Company’s performance to achieve the milestone; 2) relates solely to past performance; and 3) is reasonable relative to all of the deliverables and payment terms, including other potential milestone consideration, within the arrangement. Amounts received prior to satisfying all revenue recognition criteria are recorded as deferred revenue in the accompanying balance sheets. The Company’s deferred revenue includes a non-refundable upfront payment received under a licensing and collaboration arrangement that contains substantive prospective performance obligations that the Company is providing over respective defined service or estimated relationship periods. Such non-refundable upfront payments are recognized over these defined service or estimated relationship periods. The Company received a non-refundable upfront payment of $1.5 million from R-Pharm in August 2013 which is being recognized over a period of 70 months. The Company recognized revenue from this upfront payment of $0.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. In July 2016, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase agreement with UK-based Cypralis Limited (or "Cypralis"), a life sciences company, for the sale of its cyclophilin inhibitor assets. Cypralis also acquired all patents, patent applications and know-how related to the acquired portfolio. In connection with the Asset Purchase agreement, the Company is eligible to receive milestone payments upon the successful progression of Cypralis clinical candidates into later stage clinical studies and royalties payable upon product commercialization. The Company retains the right to repurchase the portfolio assets from Cypralis if abandoned or deprioritized. For the year ended December 31, 2017, there was no revenue recognized associated with this agreement. Collaboration Arrangements The Company assesses its contractual arrangements, and presents costs incurred and payments received under contractual arrangements, in accordance with FASB ASC 808, Collaborative Arrangements (Topic 808), when the Company determines that the contractual arrangement incudes a joint operating activity, has active participation by both parties, and both parties are subject to significant risks and rewards under the arrangement. When reimbursement payments are due to the Company under a collaborative arrangement within the scope of Topic 808, the Company determines the appropriate classification for each specific reimbursement payment in the statements of operations by considering (i) the nature of the arrangement, (ii) the nature of the Company’s business operations, and (iii) the contractual terms of the arrangement. The Company has concluded that the August 2013 development, license, and supply agreement with R-Pharm, combined with the supplemental arrangement in November 2014, is a collaborative arrangement pursuant to Topic 808 and the Company’s previously described accounting policy. This agreement and supplemental arrangement is further described in Note 13. The reimbursements due from R-Pharm for specified research and development costs incurred by the Company are classified as a reduction to research and development expense in the accompanying statements of operations. The reimbursements due to the Company are recorded as a reduction of expense when (i) the reimbursable expenses have been incurred by the Company, (ii) persuasive evidence of a cost reimbursement arrangement exists, (iii) reimbursable costs are fixed or determinable, and (iv) the collection of the reimbursement payment is reasonably assured. Unpaid reimbursement amounts due from R-Pharm at period end are presented as an other asset in the accompanying balance sheets. Research and Development Major components of research and development costs include clinical trial activities and services, including related drug formulation, manufacturing, and other development, preclinical studies, cash compensation, stock-based compensation, fees paid to consultants and other entities that conduct certain research and development activities on the Company’s behalf, materials and supplies, legal services, and regulatory compliance. The Company is required to estimate its expenses resulting from its obligations under contracts with clinical research organizations, clinical site agreements, vendors, and consultants in connection with conducting SCY-078 clinical trials and preclinical development. The financial terms of these contracts are subject to negotiations which vary from contract to contract, and may result in payment flows that do not match the periods over which materials or services are provided to the Company under such contracts. The Company’s objective is to reflect the appropriate development and trial expenses in its financial statements by matching those expenses with the period in which the services and efforts are expended. For clinical trials, the Company accounts for these expenses according to the progress of the trial as measured by actual hours expended by CRO personnel, investigator performance or completion of specific tasks, patient progression, or timing of various aspects of the trial. For preclinical development services performed by outside service providers, the Company determines accrual estimates through financial models, taking into account development progress data received from outside service providers and discussions with applicable Company and service provider personnel. Reimbursements of certain research and development costs by parties under collaborative arrangements have been recorded as a reduction of research and development expense presented within the statement of operations. Such reimbursements were made under the collaboration arrangement with R-Pharm, which is further described in Note 13. Information about the Company’s research and development expenses and reimbursements due under collaboration arrangements for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 is presented as follows (in thousands): Years Ended December 31, 2017 2016 Research and development expense, gross $ 18,345 $ 20,706 Less: Reimbursement of research and development expense 19 630 Research and development expense, net of reimbursements $ 18,326 $ 20,076 Patent Expenses Costs related to filing and pursuing patent applications, as well as costs related to maintaining the Company's existing patent portfolio, are recorded as expense as incurred since recoverability of such expenditures is uncertain. Fair Value of Financial Instruments Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, based on the Company’s principal or, in absence of a principal, most advantageous market for the specific asset or liability. The Company uses a three-tier fair value hierarchy to classify and disclose all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as well as assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, in periods subsequent to their initial measurement. The hierarchy requires the Company to use observable inputs when available, and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value. The three tiers are defined as follows: • Level 1 — Observable inputs that reflect quoted market prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets; • Level 2 — Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly in the marketplace for identical or similar assets and liabilities; and • Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market data, which require the Company to develop its own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best information available in the circumstances. Amortization of Debt Discount The Company's Term Loan with Solar is recorded net of debt discount which comprised issuance costs, customary closing and final fees, and the fair value of the warrants issued in conjunction with the Term Loan (Note 8). The resulting debt discount is being amortized over the term of the Term Loan using the straight-line method, which approximates the effective interest method, and the amortization of debt discount is included in the accompanying statements of operations. Income Taxes The Company provides for deferred income taxes under the asset and liability method, whereby deferred income taxes result from temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that the Company believes is more likely than not to be realized. The Company recognizes uncertain tax positions when the positions will be more likely than not sustained based solely upon the technical merits of the positions. Certain modifications made to an outstanding incentive stock option award at any time after the initial grant dates which are considered to be “material modifications”, as defined within the Internal Revenue Code, may result in the affected award being recharacterized as a non-statutory stock option. The effects of any recharacterization modification for purposes of income tax accounting are recognized on a prospective basis. Stock-Based Compensation The Company measures and recognizes compensation expense for all stock-based payment awards made to employees, officers, and directors based on the estimated fair values of the awards as of grant date. The Company values equity instruments and stock options granted to employees and non-employee directors using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recorded as expense over the requisite service periods. Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share of Common Stock The Company calculates net loss per common share in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share The following potentially dilutive shares of common stock have not been included in the computation of diluted net loss per share for all periods as the result would be anti-dilutive: December 31, 2017 2016 Warrants to purchase Series C-1 Preferred 14,033 14,033 Warrants to purchase common stock associated with June 2016 Public Offering 4,218,750 4,218,750 Warrants to purchase common stock associated with Loan Agreement 122,435 122,435 Stock options 3,075,994 1,819,444 Segment and Geographic Information Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise (business activity from which it earns revenue and incurs expenses) about which discrete financial information is available and regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is the Chief Executive Officer. The CODM reviews consolidated operating results to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance for the entire Company. The Company views its operations and manages its business as one operating segment. All assets of the Company were held in the United States for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. Although all operations are based in the United States, the Company generated a portion of its revenue from R-Pharm outside of the United States. All of the Company's revenue was generated from a non-refundable upfront payment received under a licensing and collaboration arrangement with a partner located in Russia. All sales, including sales outside of the United States, are denominated in United States dollars. Effect of Recent Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Topic 606, or ASU 2014-09. ASU 2014-09 establishes the principles for recognizing revenue and develops a common revenue standard for U.S. GAAP. The standard outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. In applying the new revenue recognition model to contracts with customers, an entity: (1) identifies the contract(s) with a customer; (2) identifies the performance obligations in the contract(s); (3) determines the transaction price; (4) allocates the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract(s); and (5) recognizes revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The accounting standards update applies to all contracts with customers except those that are within the scope of other topics in the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. The accounting standards update also requires significantly expanded quantitative and qualitative disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. This guidance is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2017. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, or ASU 2016-10. The new guidance is an update to ASC 606 and provides clarity on: identifying performance obligations and licensing implementation. For public companies, ASU 2016-10 is effective for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. As the Company has not yet received regulatory approval for any products, the impact of this standard is not expected to be material. However, the new standard will require the Company to estimate variable consideration associated with the prior sale of intellectual property to Cypralis , In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-02, Leases, or ASU 2016-02. The new guidance requires lessees to recognize the assets and liabilities arising from leases on the balance sheet. For public companies, ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2018, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the implementation of ASU 2016-02 will have on the Company’s financial statements. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation, or ASU 2016-09. The new guidance is an update to ASC 718 and simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based transactions. For public companies, ASU 2016-09 is effective for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company adopted ASU 2016-09 in the three month period ended March 31, 2017, and ASU 2016-09 did not materially impact the Company's financial statements. In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation, or ASU 2017-09. The new guidance is an update to ASC 718 and simplifies the modification accounting for share-based payment awards. For public companies, ASU 2017-09 is effective for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the implementation of ASU 2017-09 will have on the Company’s financial statements. |