Stockholder's Equity | 8. Stockholder's Equity Authorized, Issued, and Outstanding Common Stock The Company’s authorized common stock has a par value of $0.001 per share and consists of 250,000,000 shares as of June 30, 2019, and 125,000,000 as of December 31, 2018; 54,520,131 and 47,971,989 shares were issued and outstanding at June 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, respectively. On June 18, 2019, the Company's stockholders approved an amendment to the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to increase the total number of authorized shares of common stock from 125,000,000 to 250,000,000. Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Shares of Common Stock Common Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Accumulated Deficit Total Stockholders' Equity Balance, March 31, 2018 46,843,441 $ 47 $ 246,049 $ (209,252 ) $ 36,844 Net loss — — — (10,757 ) (10,757 ) Stock-based compensation expense — — 468 — 468 Common stock issued for vested restricted stock units 631 — — (2 ) (2 ) Balance, June 30, 2018 46,844,072 $ 47 $ 246,517 $ (220,011 ) $ 26,553 Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Shares of Common Stock Common Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Accumulated Deficit Total Stockholders' Equity Balance, December 31, 2017 28,971,651 $ 29 $ 226,631 $ (205,250 ) $ 21,410 Net loss — — — (14,761 ) (14,761 ) Stock-based compensation expense — — 893 — 893 Common stock issued through employee stock purchase plan 13,591 — 20 — 20 Common stock issued, net of expenses 17,852,193 18 18,980 — 18,998 Common stock issued for vested restricted stock units 6,637 — (7 ) — (7 ) Balance, June 30, 2018 46,844,072 $ 47 $ 246,517 $ (220,011 ) $ 26,553 Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Shares of Common Stock Common Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Accumulated Deficit Total Stockholders' Equity Balance, March 31, 2019 50,232,429 $ 50 $ 251,906 $ (240,626 ) $ 11,330 Net loss — — — (8,403 ) (8,403 ) Stock-based compensation expense — — 446 — 446 Common stock issued, net of expenses 2,660,909 2 4,044 — 4,046 Common stock issued for April 2019 conversion of Notes 1,626,000 2 2,982 — 2,984 Common stock issued for vested restricted stock units 793 — (1 ) — (1 ) Balance, June 30, 2019 54,520,131 $ 54 $ 259,377 $ (249,029 ) $ 10,402 Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Shares of Common Stock Common Stock Additional Paid-in Capital Accumulated Deficit Total Stockholders' Equity Balance, December 31, 2018 47,971,989 $ 48 $ 248,895 $ (217,718 ) $ 31,225 Net loss — — — (31,311 ) (31,311 ) Stock-based compensation expense — — 938 — 938 Common stock issued through employee stock purchase plan 19,259 — 21 — 21 Common stock issued, net of expenses 4,887,478 6 6,550 — 6,556 Common stock issued for April 2019 conversion of Notes 1,626,000 2 2,982 — 2,984 Common stock issued for vested restricted stock units 15,405 (2 ) (9 ) — (11 ) Balance, June 30, 2019 54,520,131 $ 54 $ 259,377 $ (249,029 ) $ 10,402 Shares Reserved for Future Issuance The Company had reserved shares of common stock for future issuance as follows: June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Outstanding stock options 5,578,978 4,052,913 Outstanding restricted stock units 967,227 111,891 Outstanding Series C-1 Preferred warrants — 14,033 Warrants to purchase common stock associated with June 2016 Public Offering 4,218,750 4,218,750 Warrants to purchase common stock associated with March 2018 Public Offering - Series 1 — 13,198,075 Warrants to purchase common stock associated with March 2018 Public Offering - Series 2 7,988,175 7,988,175 Warrants to purchase common stock associated with Loan Agreement 122,435 122,435 For possible future issuance for the conversion of the 6% senior convertible notes 11,382,000 — For possible future issuance under 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (Note 9) 265,156 612,018 For possible future issuance under Employee Stock Purchase Plan (Note 9) 91,819 81,667 For possible future issuance under 2015 Inducement Plan (Note 9) 315,500 5,000 Total common shares reserved for future issuance 30,930,040 30,404,957 Derivative Liability In connection with the Company’s issuance of its Notes, the Company bifurcated the embedded conversion option, inclusive of the interest make-whole provision and make-whole fundamental change provision, and recorded the embedded conversion option as a long-term derivative liability in the Company’s balance sheet in accordance with ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The convertible debt and derivative liability associated with the Notes are presented in total on the accompanying unaudited balance sheet as the convertible debt and derivative liability. The derivative liability will be remeasured at each reporting period using the binomial lattice model with changes in fair value recorded in the statements of operations in other (income) expense. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company recorded a gain of $1.3 million and a loss of $2.1 million due to the change in fair value of the derivative liability. Warrants Associated with June 2016 and March 2018 Public Offerings The outstanding warrants associated with the June 2016 and March 2018 public offerings contain a provision where the warrant holder has the option to receive cash, equal to the Black-Scholes fair value of the remaining unexercised portion of the warrant, as cash settlement in the event that there is a fundamental transaction (contractually defined to include various merger, acquisition or stock transfer activities). Due to this provision, ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity , Warrant Associated with Solar Loan Agreement Pursuant to the loan agreement, on the Closing Date the Company issued to Solar the warrant to purchase an aggregate of up to 122,435 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $3.6754 per share. The warrant will expire five years from the date of the grant. The warrant was classified as equity and recorded at its relative fair value at issuance in the stockholders' equity section of the balance sheet. |