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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Forward-Looking Statements
All information in this Annual Information Form is presented as of February 28, 2011 unless otherwise indicated. This annual information form contains "forward-looking information" and "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of applicable Canadian and United States securities laws. All statements other than statements which are reporting results or statements of historical fact are forward-looking. All forward looking information and forward-looking statements are necessarily based on a number of estimates and assumptions that are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies. Forward-looking statements, which involve assumptions and describe our future plans, strategies and expectations, are generally identifiable by use of the words "may", "will", "should", "continue", "expect", "anticipate", "estimate", "believe", "intend", "plan" or "project" or the negative of these words or other variations on or synonyms of these words or comparable terminology. Forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements regarding strategic plans, future production, sales and revenue estimates, cost estimates and anticipated financial results, capital expenditures, results attributable to mergers and acquisitions activities and other objectives.
There can be no assurance that forward-looking statements will prove to be accurate and actual results and outcomes could differ materially from those expressed or implied in such statements. The following are some of the important factors that could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements:
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- our dependence on the development and growth of the market for high-capacity wireless communications services;
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- our reliance on a small number of customers for a large percentage of revenue;
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- intense competition from several competitors;
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- competition from indirect competitors;
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- our ability to successfully complete and integrate acquisitions of products or businesses into our existing product lines and businesses, and other risks associated with acquisitions;
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- our dependence on our ability to develop new products and enhance existing products;
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- our history of losses;
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- our ability to successfully manage growth;
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- quarterly revenue and operating results which are difficult to predict and can fluctuate substantially;
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- the impact that the recent general economic downturn may still be having on our customers;
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- disruption resulting from economic and geopolitical uncertainty;
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- currency fluctuations;
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- our exposure to credit risk for accounts receivable;
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- pressure on our pricing models from existing and potential customers and as a result of competition;
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- the allocation of radio spectrum and regulatory approvals for our products;
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- the ability of our customers to secure a license for applicable radio spectrum;
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- changes in government regulation or industry standards that may limit the potential market for our products;
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- risks associated with possible loss of our foreign private issuer status;
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- risks and expenses associated with being a public company;
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- our dependence on establishing and maintaining relationships with channel partners;
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- our reliance on outsourced manufacturing and third party component suppliers;
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- our ability to protect our own intellectual property and potential harm to our business if we infringe the intellectual property rights of others;
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- risks associated with software licensed by us;
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- a lengthy and variable sales cycle;
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- dependence on our ability to recruit and retain management and other qualified personnel;
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- exposure to risks resulting from our international sales and operations, including the requirement to comply with export control and economic sanctions laws; and
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- product defects, product liability claims, or health and safety risks relating to wireless products.
Also see the discussion under "Risk Factors" in this Annual Information Form. Although we have attempted to identify important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from expectations, intentions, estimates or forecasts, there may be other factors that could cause our results to differ from what we currently anticipate, estimate or intend. Recent unprecedented events in global financial and credit markets have resulted in high market price volatility and contraction in credit markets. These on-going events could impact forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Information Form in an unpredictable and possibly detrimental manner. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events described in this Annual Information Form might not occur or might not occur when stated. Forward-looking statements are provided to assist external stakeholders in understanding management's expectations and plan relating to the future as of the date of this Annual Information Form and may not be appropriate for other purposes. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward looking statements. Except as required under applicable securities legislation, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
Unless otherwise indicated, all currency amounts referenced in this Annual Information Form are denominated in United States dollars.
ARTICLE 1: CORPORATE STRUCTURE
1.1 Name, Address and Incorporation
DragonWave Inc. ("DragonWave", "we", "us", "our" or the "Company") was incorporated on February 24, 2000 by Certificate and Articles of Incorporation issued under theCanada Business Corporations Act (the "CBCA"). DragonWave's last financial year ended February 28, 2011. The head office of DragonWave is located at 411 Legget Drive, Suite 600, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
1.2 Corporate Structure
DragonWave has three subsidiaries, DragonWave Corp., a corporation wholly-owned by the Company and incorporated under the laws of Delaware, DragonWave Pte. Ltd., a corporation wholly-owned by the Company and incorporated under the laws of Singapore, and 4472314 Canada Inc., a corporation wholly-owned by the Company and incorporated under the CBCA. DragonWave Corp. holds 100% of a Delaware subsidiary, Axerra Networks, Inc., which in turn has three wholly-owned subsidiaries incorporated in Israel, Hong Kong and Germany. DragonWave Pte. Ltd. holds a 50.1% ownership position in our joint venture corporation in India, DragonWave HFCL India Private Limited.
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Unless the context requires otherwise, references in this Annual Information Form to "DragonWave", "we", "us", "our" or "the Company" include DragonWave Corp., DragonWave Pte. Ltd. and 4472314 Canada Inc. and all of their respective subsidiaries.
ARTICLE 2: GENERAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE BUSINESS
2.1 History & Business Developments
Business Description
Founded in 2000, we are a leading provider of high-capacity wireless Ethernet equipment used in emerging internet protocol ("IP") networks. We design, develop, market and sell proprietary, carrier-grade microwave radio frequency networking equipment (often referred to as links), that wirelessly transmit broadband voice, video and other data between two points. Our wireless carrier-Ethernet links, which are based on a native Ethernet platform, function as a wireless extension to an existing fiber and global optic core telecommunications network. The principal application for our products is the backhaul function in a wireless communications network. Backhaul links connect the large amounts of network traffic aggregated by base stations and other collection points on the edge of the network to the high-capacity fiber optic infrastructure at the core of the network. Additional applications for our products include point-to-point transport applications in private networks, including municipal and enterprise applications.
Our products principally perform the backhaul function in a communication service provider's network, connecting high-traffic points of aggregation such as high-capacity wireless base stations (3G+ cellular, WiFi, WiMAX, Long-Term Evolution ("LTE")) and large "out of territory" enterprises to nodes on the fiber optic core network.
Our line of wireless carrier-Ethernet links is marketed under the Horizon trade name. Our Horizon product line is carrier-grade and operates primarily in licensed spectrum bands to minimize interference. We also offer our Service Delivery Unit ("SDU") solution product line of time division multiplexing ("TDM")-to-Ethernet multiplexer based on pseudowire technology, which enables our native Ethernet links to support the network traffic generated by emerging converged services based on IP such as data access, voice over internet protocol (VoIP), and video streaming, as well as legacy TDM services. We believe that our wireless carrier-Ethernet links are an attractive alternative to other backhaul solutions such as leased lines and fiber optic cable deployments.
The demand for our products is driven by global trends, including IP convergence and pressure on backhaul capacity caused by increased functionality of mobile devices, the shift in demand from voice to multimedia content and services, growing demand for wireless coverage, increasing numbers of subscribers, and investment in radio access network spectrum. In our target markets, network traffic is shifting from legacy TDM traffic to IP-based traffic to improve network efficiency and enable IP-based services.
Principally, we target the global wireless communications service provider market and, in particular, those service providers offering high-capacity wireless communication services, including traditional cellular service providers and emerging broadband wireless access (BWA) service providers. These service providers offer high-speed digital communication services over wireless access networks, employing IP-based wireless network access technologies such as advanced (3G+) cellular technologies, as well as WiFi and WiMAX. The market addressed by these wireless service providers is characterized by significant growth in number of subscribers, coverage area, and bandwidth requirements per subscriber, and a corresponding need to reduce the cost per bit of the backhaul network. We also target other markets, including wireless extension of fixed-line networks to directly connect high-bandwidth end-customers to the core network, and private networks of large multi-site organizations such as Fortune 500 enterprises, municipalities and government organizations.
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The key elements of our solution include: high performance; carrier-grade availability; cost-competitiveness; support of legacy networking standards; and the availability of advanced network management and wireless network IP planning.
We commenced commercial deployment of our products in 2002 and, as of February 28, 2011, have shipped approximately 33,100 product units (i.e., links). To date, our wireless carrier-Ethernet links have been purchased and deployed by customers in more than 70 countries. In the fiscal year ended February 28, 2011, we delivered products to 211 customers, including Clearwire LLC (United States), wi-tribe Pakistan Limited (Pakistan), Altitude Infrastructure (France), Wind (Canada), and Barrett Xplore (Canada).
Mergers & Acquisitions
Acquisition of Axerra Networks, Inc.
On October 14, 2010, we announced the acquisition of Axerra Networks, Inc. ("Axerra"). Axerra is well known in the mobile network industry as a leader in pseudowire technology and has a product portfolio that allows carriers to address the increasing need to carry legacy TDM traffic over a packet based network. We believe that Axerra's industry-leading portfolio of pseudowire products will strengthen and complement DragonWave's packet microwave product line by delivering a robust converged solution of TDM and packet services over a single packet network that operates over both microwave and fiber backhaul networks. We believe that the addition of Axerra's product portfolio will strengthen DragonWave's solution for existing 2G and 3G networks and our evolution to 4G packet architectures.
DragonWave acquired Axerra in an all cash transaction valued at $9.5 million on a debt-free basis. A sales performance earn out (which terminates at the end of our 2012 fiscal year) could potentially raise the value of the transaction by up to $15.5 million should Axerra meet certain revenue growth targets. Any earn out which becomes payable may be paid in cash or DragonWave Common Shares, subject to applicable securities laws, at DragonWave's option.
Axerra has been the recipient of certain grants under Israel'sEncouragement of Research and Development Law, 1984 (the "R&D Law"). The R&D Law requires that products supported by a grant must be manufactured in Israel in accordance with the percentage of manufacturing declared in the grant application. We are required to repay these grants in full based on a pre-determined royalty scheme. Royalties may be increased if manufacturing is transferred out of Israel. In certain other circumstances, such as the sale of Axerra or the transfer of Axerra's know-how outside of Israel, repayment of the grant may be required and royalties may be increased. Restrictions on overseas transfer of manufacturing continue to apply despite full payment of the grant. If, in the future, we make any changes to the manner in which Axerra carries on business or in which the manufacture of Axerra products is carried out, we may be subject to accelerated and/or additional royalty payments to the Israel Office of the Chief Scientist and such payments may have an adverse effect on our financial results.
DragonWave and HFCL Address Strategic Indian Market by Forming Joint Venture
On October 19, 2010, DragonWave and Himachal Futuristic Communications Ltd. ("HFCL"), one of India's leading telecommunication equipment manufacturers and turnkey service providers, announced the formation of a joint venture to provide leading packet microwave solutions to the Indian market. DragonWave owns 50.1% of the equity in DragonWave HFCL India Private Limited (the "Joint Venture Company") and the balance of the equity is owned by HFCL.
The Joint Venture Company, based in Delhi, utilizes HFCL's local market knowledge and expertise to sell and market DragonWave products in India. HFCL will manufacture DragonWave products from its state-of-the-art telecommunication equipment manufacturing facility at Solan, Himachal Pradesh.
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With the recent completion of India's 3G and BWA radio-access spectrum auctions, service providers are preparing to rollout 3G and 4G IP-based networks in order to support the bandwidth and service requirements of the new High-Speed Packet Access ("HSPA"), LTE and WiMAX base stations that will use this spectrum.
Equity Offerings & Transactions (Over the Last Three Fiscal Years)
We completed our initial public offering, pursuant to which our Common Shares were listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange and AIM, on April 19, 2007.
As of January 5, 2009, we cancelled the admission of our common shares to trading on AIM (the "AIM delisting"). The decision to proceed with the AIM delisting was based on a review of our AIM listing by our board of directors and it was concluded that the additional costs associated with maintaining a listing on AIM were not justifiable. This decision was based on several factors, including low trading volumes in the United Kingdom, our shareholders are predominantly North America-based, and the cost and management resources involved in maintaining the AIM listing.
On October 14, 2009, we filed a registration statement (the "Registration Statement") with the United States Securities Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). The Registration Statement became effective under the United StatesSecurities Act of 1933, as amended, and on October 15, 2009, our common shares commenced trading on the NASDAQ Global Market ("NASDAQ") under the symbol "DRWI". On October 20, 2009, in connection with our listing on NASDAQ and pursuant to the Registration Statement and a supplemented short form PREP prospectus (the "PREP Prospectus") previously filed with all of the securities regulatory authorities in each of the provinces of Canada, other than Quebec, we closed an equity offering (the "2009 Offering") involving the issuance of 7,493,562 common shares from treasury and the sale of 5,478,738 common shares by certain of our shareholders (the "2009 Selling Shareholders"), each at a price of $10.29 ($10.00 US) per common share resulting in gross proceeds to us of $77,108,753 and gross proceeds to the 2009 Selling Shareholders of $56,376,214. Canaccord Adams and Piper Jaffray & Co. acted as co-lead managers for the syndicate of underwriters which included CIBC World Markets, Pacific Crest Securities LLC, GMP Securities L.P., RBC Dominion Securities Inc., Dundee Securities, and TD Securities. A copy of the PREP Prospectus can be found on SEDAR at www.sedar.com (but is not incorporated by reference herein) and a copy of the Registration Statement can be accessed through the SEC's website www.sec.gov (but is not incorporated by reference herein). In 2011, our Common Shares were admitted to the NASDAQ Global Select Market.
On April 9, 2010, we announced that the Toronto Stock Exchange (the "TSX") had accepted our notice of intention to make a normal course issuer bid. Under the terms of the normal course issuer bid, the Company was permitted to acquire up to 3,508,121 of its Common Shares, representing approximately 10% of its public float, through the facilities of the TSX and NASDAQ, subject to applicable securities laws. As of May 4, 2011, the Company acquired 1,865,549 Common Shares pursuant to the normal course issuer bid at prevailing market prices. These shares were purchased for cancellation at an aggregate cost of $10,738,000.
Product and Business Developments (Over the Last Three Fiscal Years)
Fiscal Year 2011 (March 1, 2010 until February 28, 2011)
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- On February 7, 2011, we announced the introduction of our Horizon Compact+ product—our next generation all-outdoor packet microwave system that lowers cost per bit, leads the industry in spectral efficiency, and allows a zero footprint installation.
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- On February 7, 2011 we announced the introduction of our Horizon Harmony product, which enables a seamless transition from TDM, asynchronous transfer mode ("ATM") and Frame Relay traffic to a converged packet network.
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- On December 14, 2010 we announced that Barrett Xplore had selected our Horizon products to link rural Canadians to medical, telecommuting and educational services.
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- On October 19, 2010, we announced the formation of a joint venture with Himachal Futuristic Communications Limited to provide leading packet microwave solutions to the market in India.
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- On October 18, 2010, we announced a Master Supply Agreement with Atlantic Tele-Network to supply packet microwave and pseudowire backhaul products for use in North America, Bermuda, and the Caribbean.
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- On October 14, 2010, we announced the acquisition of Axerra (as described above).
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- On June 22, 2010 we announced that Baud Telecom Company (BTC Networks) had selected us as its "vendor of choice" for wireless, last mile enterprise access using our Horizon Compact.
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- On April 9, 2010, we announced the acceptance by the TSX of our normal course issuer bid (as described above).
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- On March 15, 2010 we announced that Cosmoline had selected DragonWave as its exclusive backhaul provider for a national 4G mobile WiMAX network across Greece.
Fiscal Year 2010 (March 1, 2009 until Feb 28, 2010)
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- In February, 2010, we signed an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) agreement with a world leader in mobile communications infrastructure.
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- On November 2, 2009, we announced that our next generation backhaul solution—Horizon Compact—was selected by Videotron for its 3G network deployment.
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- On October 15, 2009, we listed our common shares for trading on NASDAQ (as described above) and on October 20, 2009, we completed the 2009 Offering (as described above).
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- On October 6, 2009, we announced that Yota deployed our Horizon Compact product in extending Russia's first 4G network to regions beyond Moscow and St. Petersburg. Our solution supports 400 Mbps capable links for backhaul of Yota Mobile WiMAX services for business and residential users.
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- In September 2009, we signed a multi-year exclusive supply agreement with Unwired Australia to supply wireless backhaul for the forthcoming Vivid Wireless Perth network—Australia's first 4G mobile WiMAX network deployment.
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- In September 2009, xchange magazine presented us with the Best of 4G Award for our new Horizon Quantum packet microwave solution in the Best 4G Enabling Technology Innovation category.
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- In September 2009, we introduced our newest product, Horizon Quantum, which is designed to provide significantly increased bandwidth capacity of up to 4 Gbps per link in a half-rack-unit device incorporating a bandwidth accelerator feature that enables superior spectral efficiency by up to a factor of 2.5 times as compared to conventional systems.
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- On July 10, 2009, we announced that Globalive Wireless Management Corp. (now branded as WIND) had selected us to provide high-capacity, cost effective next generation wireless backhaul for its high speed packet access network.
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- On June 9, 2009, our shareholders ratified our shareholder rights plan (see below under "Material Contracts") enacted by our board of directors on January 29, 2009.
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- On May 12, 2009, we announced that we joined the Cisco Technology Developer Program as part of the program's Wireless Networking solution category. In addition, we announced that our Horizon Compact product successfully completed interoperability testing with Cisco BWX 8300 and Cisco Aironet. The
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Cisco Technology Developer Program (http://www.cisco.com/go/ctdp) unites Cisco with third-party developers of hardware and software to deliver tested interoperable solutions to joint customers.
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- On April 7, 2009, we announced that wi-tribe Pakistan Limited, a WiMAX service provider, deployed its IP backhaul network using our Horizon Compact radio system.
Fiscal Year 2009 (March 1, 2008 until February 28, 2009)
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- On December 1, 2008, we announced that in light of uncertainty in some of our markets arising from global financial conditions, we implemented a number of measures aimed at reducing our operating expenses including: the elimination of 20 positions from our workforce (a 13% total headcount reduction), reducing spending in all areas, and the AIM delisting (described above). As a result of global financial conditions, we also announced that our strategic relationship with NextWave Broadband Inc. ("NextWave") was terminated following NextWave's announcement that it was restructuring its business and as a part of this restructuring, it was working to divest its infrastructure business units.
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- On September 9, 2008, we announced that Altitude Infrastructure, a subsidiary of Altitude Group, selected our products to provide high capacity Ethernet backhaul as part of its rollout of WiMAX broadband services across France.
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- In September, 2008, we signed an agreement with Brightstar Corporation ("Brightstar"), a global leader in customized distribution and integrated supply chain solutions for the wireless industry. The agreement provides for distribution by Brightstar of our Horizon and AirPair high-capacity wireless Ethernet point-to-point microwave radios in the Caribbean and Latin American markets.
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- On July 9, 2008, we announced that Sprint Nextel Corporation selected our IP backhaul solutions for its XOHM-branded WiMAX mobile-broadband services in North America and that our Horizon Compact and Horizon Duo products would be deployed initially in the Baltimore/Washington and Chicago markets.
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- On March 31, 2008, we announced that we had expanded our coverage to include the 6 to 8 GHz range of licensed radio frequencies.
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- On March 17, 2008, we announced the introduction of our Service Delivery Unit product portfolio, enabling carriers to efficiently converge TDM and IP services on a cost-effective, flexible Ethernet network foundation.
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- On March 17, 2008, we announced the introduction of Horizon Duo, an addition to our Horizon portfolio of native Ethernet radios. Horizon Duo delivers industry-leading capacity of up to 1.6 Gbps per link and lowest-cost-per-bit performance for wireless carriers offering increasingly bandwidth-intensive WiMAX and 4G services.
ARTICLE 3: DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS
3.1 General
Products and Services
Principal Markets
We target customers principally in the global communications service provider market, including broadband service providers and wireless service providers. In the broadband service provider market, our products are used to connect to the core of the network in both mature, developed markets as an extension or alternative to existing broadband infrastructure, and in emerging markets that possess limited broadband infrastructure as an alternative to deployment of wire-line infrastructure. In the wireless service
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provider market, our products are used by service providers that provide emerging high-capacity services to end-users. We also target enterprise and municipal/government customers that own or operate private networks requiring point-to-point applications. Our principal markets are described below.
Communications Service Provider Markets
Broadband Service Provider Market
Broadband is a high-speed digital communications medium that uses high-bandwidth channels for sending and receiving large amounts of voice, video and other data. Traditionally, broadband services have been delivered to end-users via cable, DSL or T1/E1 (TDM) networks, which transmit communications much faster than analog networks used for earlier data and voice communications.
Communications service providers provide broadband connectivity to business customers both "in territory" where they own the infrastructure connecting their points of presence and end-users, and "out of territory", where they must lease or build this access infrastructure. The leased lines model is generally not optimal for these service providers, due to high lease costs and the fact that, in many cases, lines must be leased from direct competitors. As a result, these service providers have an economic and strategic imperative to find a cost-effective alternative to leased lines. We believe that Ethernet microwave transport technologies, such as those we provide, can furnish this alternative.
Wireless Service Provider Market
Wireless communications services is the provision of voice, video and other data communications services to users of wireless devices for network connectivity for fixed and/or mobile applications. Within this market, we focus on service providers offering emerging high-capacity services based upon 3G+ access technologies, such as HSPA, WiMAX and LTE.
In wireless networks, mobile wireless handsets and other subscriber devices connect to a network of wireless base stations, which are in turn interconnected by backhaul network solutions to the fiber optic core network. Cellular and other mobile networking technologies have evolved to provide higher bandwidth and IP networking capabilities. We believe that in markets where subscriber growth is most rapid, service providers will focus on building new networks to provide basic voice service, and in markets where the subscriber base is mature, service providers will focus on expanding the capacity of existing networks to roll out advanced data and video services which require higher network bandwidth per subscriber. Both scenarios create increased demand for backhaul capacity.
3G+ wireless technologies comprise a range of technologies that enable the provision of high-speed wireless access services for subscriber devices such as handsets and personal computers. 3G+ wireless technologies include technologies evolved from traditional cellular technologies or from all-IP broadband wireless access technologies such as WiMAX. As such, 3G+ mobile technologies encompass a range of different wireless network access standards that provide increased subscriber bandwidth either in legacy TDM networks or utilizing emerging wireless IP networks. 3G+ mobile technologies enable users to utilize voice services as well as high bandwidth applications such as downloading music and other content such as maps and video, exchanging email, multimedia messaging, and a broad array of Internet applications.
Examples of emerging high-capacity all-IP radio access network technologies currently being deployed or planned for deployment include WiMAX and LTE:
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- WiMAX: Developed from inception as an all-IP networking technology, WiMAX is a standards-based technology enabling the delivery of last-mile broadband wireless access as a complement to wire-line broadband solutions such as cable and DSL. The IEEE 802.16d-2004 standard provides fixed broadband wireless capacity and the IEEE 802.16e-2005 WiMAX standard provides fixed broadband wireless capacity as well as mobility capabilities. The pre-WiMAX development cycle
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- Long Term Evolution (LTE): LTE is an advanced 3G+ technology for both GSM and CDMA cellular service providers. Approved in 2008, LTE is defined by the 3G Partnership Project in the 3GPP Release 8 specification. With typical download speeds of approximately 6 Mbps, LTE is considerably higher bandwidth than HSPA (evolved from GSM) and EV-DO (evolved from CDMA). LTE is an IP networking technology and we envision that GSM and CDMA service providers will eventually migrate to LTE to provide an interoperable IP-based cellular system worldwide. We expect LTE network deployments to commence in the U.S. in 2011. For example, Verizon Communications Inc. ("Verizon") indicated that it plans to offer commercial LTE service in in 2011 with service to roughly 35 million potential customers. This expansion builds on the 39 markets and approximately 110 million potential customers covered by Verizon's LTE network since its launch in 2010. Verizon plans to offer LTE service on their entire network by 2013.
spanned 2005 to 2007. WiMAX deployments were first launched in the U.S. in 2008 and today large scale WiMAX deployments are underway.
Enterprise and Government/Municipal Markets
We also target large organizations, such as enterprises and government/municipal bodies, with diverse locations that require or own high bandwidth communications networks. This market includes the education sector (distance learning and Internet access for schools), the health sector (remote imaging and campus networks) and municipalities that deploy networks for city-wide public Internet access and/or government and emergency services. In this market, we target our products at organizations that build their own communications networks rather than lease services from service providers. We believe that as bandwidth demand continues to grow, these organizations will increasingly consider the implementation of private networks to reduce service lease costs. Examples of our end-customers that have deployed private networks include The City of Barrie (Ontario, Canada), South Wales Fire Department (U.K.), The Palm Springs School District (California, United States), South Georgia Regional Information Technical Authority (Georgia, United States), Nexus Systems (Louisiana, United States), City of Joliet (Illinois, United States), City of Plano (Texas, United States), City of Hoffman Estates (Illinois, United States), City of Melrose Park (Illinois, United States), Crane Naval Base (Indiana, United States), Ventura County (California, United States), and the Dubai Police (Dubai, U.A.E.).
Distribution Methods
We distribute our products and services through a combination of direct and indirect sales channels. This strategy permits us to broaden our customer coverage, while at the same time retaining contact with our customer base and managing costs. The sales cycles can be lengthy and often include network studies and trials of our equipment in laboratory and field environments. Because our products are utilized in large network deployments, the sales are project-based and accordingly are highly variable from quarter to quarter. Our direct customers are typically service providers that operate networks in large geographical areas. The sales cycle to this class of customer typically involves a trial (or trials), and requires nine to twelve months from first contact before orders are received. Once the order stage is reached, a supply agreement is usually established and multiple orders are processed under one master supply agreement. While North America is our primary geographic market, the sales team targets service providers across the world and our products have been deployed in numerous countries across Europe (in France, Spain, Liechtenstein, Italy, Cyprus and the United Kingdom) and the Middle East (in Pakistan, the United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Kuwait, Israel and Lebanon). In our most recent fiscal year, 82% of our sales originated from North America, 16% from Europe, the Middle East and Africa ("EMEA"), 1.7% from Asia and other Pacific countries ("Asia-Pacific") and 0.3% from Latin America.
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Direct Sales Strategy
Our direct sales and business development team of 27 employees primarily focuses on Tier 1 service providers, such as Clearwire, FiberTower, Sprint and Yota. The team is organized across three geographic regions: North America, EMEA and Asia-Pacific. Direct sales employees are currently based in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Singapore, the United Arab Emirates, Hong Kong and Israel. The sales and business development team is comprised of dedicated salespeople assigned to specific customer accounts. Sales personnel have extensive knowledge of network infrastructure. In addition to closely monitoring the target markets for potential network deployments and new customer opportunities, our sales team builds on our existing relationships with our customers' network planning organizations, including participating in business case development and technical analysis of projects. This channel represented 92% of revenue for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2011 (fiscal year ended February 28, 2010—93%).
Indirect Sales Channel Strategy
Our indirect sales channel consists primarily of distributors and regional value-added resellers ("VARs"), and is involved in both channel-initiated sales (sales initiated and serviced by third parties) and channel-fulfilled sales (sales initiated by our direct sales team and serviced by third party resellers). Our principal North American distributors are TESSCO Technologies Inc., Talley Inc., Alliance Communications Corporation and Hutton Communications Inc. These distributors have been selected based on geographic coverage and access to markets. Within North America, the VARs are identified by our distributors. We have agreements with several regional VARs in North America. Outside of North America, we select the VARs directly. We qualify our VARs based on experience deploying microwave equipment, contacts in our target customer segments, and financial stability. We provide ongoing training to our VARs, and our VARs work with our dedicated account managers, participate in co-operative marketing programs and receive market development funds and support materials for customer sales. Our personnel assist our VARs with initial installations of our products to provide quality assurance to end-customers.
We also work with OEMs (original equipment manufacturers), including system integrators and network equipment vendors, to assist them in providing complete network solutions for their end-customers, who are primarily Tier 1 service providers.
The majority of our indirect revenues in North America are accounted for by four distributors. In EMEA and Asia-Pacific, we have agreements with regional VARs in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Spain, France, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Israel, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, South Africa, Australia, Pakistan and Singapore. This channel represented 8% of revenue for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2011 (fiscal year ended February 28, 2010—7%).
Revenues
Our revenue in the 2011 fiscal year was $118 million, compared with $158 million for the 2010 fiscal year. Almost all of our revenue originated from our Horizon and Fusion product lines. In the 2011 and 2010 fiscal years, we did not derive any of our revenues from sales to customers who were investees (outside of the consolidated entity) or controlling shareholders of the Company.
Production and Services
We outsource most of our manufacturing and certain elements of the supply chain management and distribution functions. Outsourcing these functions allows us to focus on designing, developing, selling and supporting our products. In addition, we are able to leverage the economies of scale and expertise of specialized outsourced manufacturers, reduce manufacturing and supply chain risk and reduce distribution costs.
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We have three principal outsourced manufacturers, Sanmina SCI Corporation ("Sanmina"), Flextronics ("Flextronics"), and Plexus Corp. ("Plexus"):
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- Sanmina is an electronics manufacturing services company specializing in the communications, industrial and consumer market sectors. Sanmina, headquartered in San Jose, California has manufacturing facilities located around the world. Our products are manufactured at a Sanmina facility in Canada.
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- Flextronics is an electronics manufacturing company which delivers complete design, engineering and manufacturing services. Flextronics, which is headquartered in Singapore has manufacturing facilities in 30 countries. Our products are manufactured at Flextronics' facility in Israel.
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- Plexus is an electronics manufacturing services company with manufacturing facilities in the United States and Malaysia. Plexus provides product design, supply chain and materials management, manufacturing, test, fulfillment and aftermarket solutions to branded product companies in the wire-line networking, wireless infrastructure, medical, industrial and defense/security/aerospace market sectors.
We have allocated manufacturing of our products (including components) among key suppliers to reduce the risks associated with using a single supply source and to ensure competitive pricing and levels of service. Using multiple suppliers also enables us to respond more rapidly to increases in demand for our products.
Research and Development Activities
Our ability to develop technologically superior and cost-effective solutions relative to our competitors can only be achieved through our continued research and development ("R&D") efforts.
Our R&D activities take place at our headquarters in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada and in Tel Aviv, Israel. We currently have approximately 131 personnel in our engineering group, representing approximately 47% of our total personnel. The majority of our engineering staff hold degrees in engineering. A large number of our senior engineering personnel have worked together for several years and have been responsible for the development of our products. Our R&D team works closely with our growing customer base, and incorporates feedback from our direct and indirect sales teams into our product development plans to improve our products and address emerging market requirements.
Our R&D expenses have historically been, and will continue to be, a significant portion of our overall cost structure as we will continue to invest in new product features and new platforms to better serve the current and future needs of our customers. We invested 16% and 10% of our revenues in R&D during fiscal year 2011 and fiscal year 2010, respectively.
Competitive Conditions
We face competition in our target markets from two types of microwave equipment suppliers: PDH (plesiochronous digital hierarchy) equipment suppliers and Ethernet equipment suppliers. Microwave equipment has historically been used to address the backhaul requirements of 2G cellular applications and, today, the market is dominated by PDH products. The leading suppliers of PDH microwave equipment are NEC Corp., Alcatel-Lucent, Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson and Nokia Siemens Networks. While we compete with suppliers of PDH backhaul products used in 2G networks, our native Ethernet-based products are optimized for the transport of packet-based networks and feature significantly higher capacity, and a manufacturing process that delivers this high capacity at a lower price, compared to PDH equipment.
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A second category of equipment suppliers for backhaul applications are, like us, focused on Ethernet-based products in IP networks. These suppliers are our main competitors and include Ceragon Networks Ltd. of Israel, and Aviat Networks, Inc. (formerly Harris Stratex Networks, Inc.) of the United States. We encounter these competitors in network builds focused on IP traffic. We believe that our high bandwidth capability/flexibility, and all-outdoor solution, performance and simplicity differentiate our solution from products offered by our competitors.
We also face competition from full service network integrators such as Huawei, NEC, Alcatel, Ericsson and NSN, who have developed competing Ethernet based products for IP networks.
Our assessment of our competitive position, as described above, is based, among other factors, on our knowledge of the telecommunications equipment industry and communications with our customers.
Products or Services
We have commercialized two principal product lines, Horizon and Fusion. We commenced commercial production of our Horizon product line in 2007. Our Horizon product line was designed as a next-generation product to follow our AirPair product line, which was introduced in 2002 and is now in its end of life stage.
Horizon Product Family
Our Horizon product family is an Ethernet microwave portfolio and consists of Horizon Compact, Horizon Compact+, Horizon Duo and Horizon Quantum. Key features across our Horizon product line include adaptive modulation, ring/mesh support, advanced prioritization, jumbo frames, flow control, ATPC (adaptive transmission power control) and layer 2 transparencies.
Horizon Compact
Our Horizon Compact is designed to lower capital and operating costs for service providers by integrating and enhancing the functionality of traditional wireless indoor and outdoor units into a single, compact, high-performance, high-availability Gigabit Ethernet all-outdoor microwave transmission system. Horizon Compact offers scalability to 400 Mbps per channel, or 800 Mbps full duplex capacity using a single antenna with cross polarization. The design of the Horizon Compact reduces the installation and operational burden for service providers by not requiring support of indoor backhaul equipment or space in indoor base-station cabinets and using standard cabling with power over Ethernet. The zero-footprint characteristics of the Horizon Compact product complement 3G+ radio-access network solutions. Horizon Compact operates in the 6 to 38 GHz licensed radio frequency, ensuring interference-free performance for Ethernet microwave applications, and provides scalable, low-latency native Gigabit Ethernet connectivity.
We believe that Horizon Compact will enable service providers to offer carrier-Ethernet services using licensed spectrum on a basis that provides direct cost competition to systems using unlicensed spectrum, while also providing scalability comparable to fiber optic solutions.
Horizon Duo
Our Horizon Duo product is a wireless indoor and outdoor split mount, high-availability Ethernet microwave transmission system that provides scalable, low-latency native Gigabit Ethernet connectivity. Horizon Duo is a high capacity Ethernet microwave system that offers 1600 Mbps full duplex capacity while lowering capital and operational costs for service providers. The high capacity of the Horizon Duo is optimized for core transport ring-and-mesh applications. Horizon Duo operates in the 11 to 38 GHz licensed radio frequency, ensuring interference-free performance for wireless carrier Ethernet applications.
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We believe that demand in the near term for our Horizon Duo product line will decrease as our customers accept our Horizon Quantum line. Our Quantum line of products offers customers increased functionality at equivalent or better prices compared to the Horizon Duo platform.
Horizon Quantum
In September 2009, we launched our Horizon Quantum product in North America and in February 2010, we launched Horizon Quantum in Europe. We have designed Horizon Quantum to provide significantly increased bandwidth capacity of up to 4 Gbps per link. Horizon Quantum is a native Ethernet implementation supporting sub-0.1-ms latencies and is optimized for the rollout of LTE services. Horizon Quantum is a half-rack-unit device incorporating a Bandwidth Accelerator feature that enables superior spectral efficiency by up to a factor of 2.5 times as compared to conventional systems. The combination of these features results in a five times improvement in rack density per unit of available bandwidth capacity. Horizon Quantum also integrates key nodal intelligence that enables network operations to be streamlined and simplified to yield significant cost efficiencies. For example, Horizon Quantum incorporates integrated switching capability enabling aggregation and switching to optimize ring-and-mesh network deployments by requiring reduced network equipment to be deployed, powered and maintained. Horizon Quantum also incorporates our standard user-scalable bandwidth enabling simple and remote scaling, without truck rolls, providing our customers with key operational-cost benefits.
Horizon Compact+
In February 2011, we launched the Horizon Compact+ globally. Horizon Compact+ is the evolution of our existing Horizon Compact product. Horizon Compact+ is an all-outdoor platform that is fully interoperable with Horizon Compact, enabling rapid adoption by existing customers.
As the first all-outdoor system to incorporate XPIC (Cross Polarization Interference Cancellation) technology, Horizon Compact+ takes advantage of XPIC's spectrum-doubling capability. Building on the capacity increases enabled by DragonWave's previously announced Bandwidth Accelerator technology, this spectrum-doubling capability increases the data bandwidth of Horizon Compact+ to as high as 2 Gbps.
Horizon Compact+ offers all the packet-based features of Horizon Compact, and introduces SynchE, as well as up to 4 ports of Ethernet access. Horizon Compact+ operates in licensed or unlicensed spectrum from 6 to 60 GHz.
Fusion
The Fusion product line is a multi-service platform enabling TDM and packet-based services across wireless or wireline infrastructure. Fusion leverages pseudowire technology, and provides high performance clocking capability to meet the stringent synchronization requirements of mobile backhaul.
Fusion A1/A10
With the DragonWave Fusion A1 and A10, operators can converge their voice and data services over a unified packet-based network to simplify operations, cut costs, and increase revenues with efficient new service offerings. Migration to 3G and 4G mobile networks is handled smoothly and cost effectively by leveraging existing infrastructure and avoiding multiple overlay networks. The Fusion A1/A10 product offer 1-8 E1/T1 ports and are fully interoperable with Fusion A20 and A800/1600 units.
Fusion A20
The DragonWave Fusion A20 simplifies the transport of multi-generation voice and data traffic over packet-based networks for cost effective mobile backhaul and business services delivery. The nodal
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solution combines legacy services, Ethernet Services, and Ethernet demarcation capabilities in a single, powerful, 1RU platform. The A20 is fully interoperable with the other Fusion products.
Fusion A800/1600
DragonWave's Fusion A1600 and A800 Pseudowire Aggregation Hubs are flexible, modular, carrier-class platforms that enable service providers and other operators to convert any packet access network (Carrier Ethernet, broadband wireless including WiMAX, cable HFC, xDSL, xPON) into a full-service alternative to TDM access and layer-2 services. The Fusion A800/1600 products act as aggregation nodes for the A1/10//20 products, providing high speed interface outputs including OC3/OC12.
Service Delivery Unit (SDU)
Our SDU product line incorporates pseudowire products that enable cost-effective converged packet transport and TDM transport and eliminates intermediate cabling and complexity. Our SDU product functionality includes 6XGigE ports, Ethernet switching, remote network management, prioritization, point-to-point pseudowire or hub-and-spoke functionality and includes our SDU-16 and SDU-155 products. The SDU product line will be converged with the Fusion product line in the near future.
DragonVision
DragonVision is a multi-service multi-product network management platform. The DragonVision platform supports the Fusion product line today, and will soon support the Horizon product line. DragonVision enables provisioning, management, monitoring, and configuration across the line of products in a single graphical user interface (GUI)-based system.
AirPair
We commenced commercial production of our previous generation product line, AirPair, in 2002. Initially, a 100 Mbps version of the product was introduced in 18 and 23 GHz frequency bands. AirPair's frequency coverage was expanded to include frequencies from 11 through 38 GHz. In 2005, we introduced a new version of the AirPair product line, AirPair Release 4, which can scale up to 250 Mbps per carrier or up to 500 Mbps per link. This version currently accounts for the majority of AirPair product sales. We are currently in the process of notifying customers of its end of life.
Components
Our product solution consists of links. Each link is comprised of two radios, two modems, and two antennas and includes our proprietary embedded software and FPGA (field-programmable gate array) firmware. Our links incorporate commercially-available electronic components sourced from third party suppliers, including FPGAs, monolithic microwave integrated circuits and micro processors. The antennas used in our wireless carrier-Ethernet links are manufactured by third party suppliers.
Component pricing is impacted by a number of factors including the volume we are purchasing, the demand in the industry for similar products which can limit supply, and economic factors such as the price of oil which can impact the landed cost of our components.
The manufacturing of our products depends on obtaining adequate supplies of third party components on a timely basis. We source several key components used in the manufacture of our products from a limited number of suppliers, and in some instances, a single source supplier. See "Risk Factors" below.
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Intangible Properties
In accordance with industry practice, we seek to protect our proprietary rights through a combination of patent, copyright, trade-mark and trade secret laws and contractual provisions.
Patent law offers some protection for our current and future products and may protect certain elements of our manufacturing processes. Our patent strategy is focused on protecting novel elements of the following aspects of our product and manufacturing design, such as:
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- core design features (including certain circuits and algorithms required for advanced, low-cost point-to-point radio implementations);
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- implementation technologies (consisting of the proprietary aspects of our manufacturing design that permit low-cost automated assembly and testing);
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- certain key Ethernet microwave networking technologies for high-speed, high-performance metro Ethernet networking applications (including bandwidth scaling feature (marketed as "Flex"), mesh rapid link shutdown feature, mesh node packaging/integration); and
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- other key features of our products (including Flex functionality, RF-loopback, mesh nodes and tri-mode mesh panel features).
Our patent portfolio consists of 14 issued U.S. patents, 14 pending U.S. applications, two pending Canadian applications and four pending European applications.
The executable code for our software and firmware, the embedded software and firmware in our hardware products and our manufacturing designs are protected under trade secret law and as unpublished, copyrighted works. Software is only provided to our customers in binary format. We recognize, however, that effective copyright protection may not be available in some countries in which we distribute products. We license the use of our product to our customers and resellers. These licenses contain standard provisions prohibiting the unauthorized reproduction, disclosure, reverse engineering or transfer of our product. In addition, we are designing product changes intended to enable the implementation of encrypted embedded firmware to further enhance our ability to protect our critical intellectual property.
Our general practice is to enter into confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements with our employees, consultants, manufacturers, suppliers, customers, channel partners and others to attempt to limit access to and distribution of our proprietary information. In addition, our practice is to enter into agreements with our employees that include an assignment to us of all intellectual property developed by each of them in the course of their employment.
We have registered trade-marks DRAGONWAVE, AIRPAIR and HORIZON in Canada and in the U.S. We have a pending trade-mark application in the European Union, India and China for DRAGONWAVE. Through our acquisition of Axerra, we acquired the registered trade-marks AXERRA NETWORKS, AXERRA, THE PSEUDOWIRE COMPANY, AXN, HPCR, UNLOCK THE POWER OF YOUR IP NETWORK and MULTISERVICE PACKET CONCENTRATOR in the U.S., as well as AXERRA, and AXERRA NETWORKS in the European Union.
Except for intellectual property which we have taken measures to protect as described above, there are no patents or other intellectual property rights, licenses or proprietary rights, or processes protected by trade secrets that we rely on or that are material to our business or revenues.
Cycles
There is no seasonal effect on our sales patterns; however, quarterly results may fluctuate especially when multi-year or multi-quarter projects are booked.
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Economic Dependence
We have been dependent, and expect that in at least the next twelve months we will continue to be dependent, on a key customer. This customer represented approximately 60% of sales for the year ended February 28, 2011 versus 80% of sales for the year ended February 28, 2010. We supply products to our customers on a purchase order basis and, accordingly, customers are under no ongoing obligation to buy our products. If one or more of our customers discontinues its relationship with us for any reason, or reduces or postpones current or expected purchases of our products or services, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. See "Risk Factors" below.
Changes to Contracts
As of the date of this Annual Information Form, we do not anticipate any changes to existing contracts that would have a material effect on the current financial year's results.
Environmental Protection
Environmental protection requirements currently have no material financial or operational effect on our capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position, and are not expected to have any material effect in future years. While we are currently unaware of any negative effects associated with our products, allegations of health and safety risks associated with wireless products have been publicized from time to time. See "Risk Factors" below.
Employees
As of February 28, 2011, we had 278 full-time and temporary employees and contractors. A breakdown of our employees and contractors by main category of activity and geographic location is as follows:
Category of Activity | February 28, 2011 | Geographic Location | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
General and administrative: | 27 | Canada, Israel | |||
Operations: | 59 | Canada, Israel | |||
Research and development: | 131 | Canada, Israel | |||
Sales and marketing/customer support: | 61 | North America, Europe, the Middle East, Asia | |||
Total: | 278 | ||||
Foreign Operations
We market our products to customers outside of Canada through both direct and indirect distribution channels (see Section 3.1, and Section 4.1, "Risk Factors").
Lending
As at February 28, 2011, we had a $17.0 million credit facility with a major U.S.-based bank to support our working capital requirements. This credit facility is formula based whereby we are permitted to draw from the line based on a percentage of accounts receivable. This is supplemented by a $3.0 million line of credit to support capital expenditures by the Company.
We restrict our investments to interest-bearing, short-term investment grade securities.
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3.2 Bankruptcy and Similar Procedures
We have never been subject to a bankruptcy, receivership or similar procedure and no such procedures are proposed for the current fiscal year.
4.1 Risk Factors
Readers should carefully consider the following risk factors in addition to the other information contained in this Annual Information Form. The risks and uncertainties below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently consider immaterial also may impair our business operations and cause the price of our common shares to decline. Any of the matters highlighted in the following risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. In that event, the trading price of our common shares could decline, and a purchaser of our common shares may lose all or part of his, her or its investment.
Risks Related to our Business and Industry
Our growth is dependent on the development and growth of the market for high-capacity wireless communications services.
The market for high-capacity wireless communications services is still emerging and the market demand, price sensitivity and preferred business model to deliver these services remain highly uncertain. Our growth is dependent on, among other things, the size and pace at which the market for high-capacity wireless communications services develops. If this market does not gain widespread acceptance and declines, remains constant or grows more slowly than anticipated, we may not be able to grow or sustain our growth, and our overall revenues and operating results will be materially and adversely affected.
In particular, our products are optimized for service providers that wish to deploy networks based on emerging 3G+ technologies such as HSPA, WiMAX and LTE. There can be no assurance that there will be sufficient end-user demand for services offered using these emerging network technologies. Other competing technologies may be developed that have advantages over these emerging technologies, and service providers of other networks based on these competing technologies may be able to deploy their networks at a lower cost, which may allow these service providers to compete more effectively.
Service providers that do choose to deploy emerging technologies for high-capacity wireless communications services are also dependent on suppliers other than us in order to build and operate their networks. If these third party suppliers are unsuccessful in developing the network components, subscriber equipment and other equipment required by our customers in a timely and cost-efficient manner, network deployments by our customers and demand for our products will be materially and adversely affected.
We rely on a small number of customers for a large percentage of our revenue.
We have been dependent, and expect that in at least the next twelve months we will continue to be dependent, on a key customer, Clearwire Corporation ("Clearwire"). Clearwire represented approximately 60% of our sales for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2011, and 80% of our sales for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2010. We supply products to our customers, including Clearwire, on a purchase order basis and, accordingly, customers are under no ongoing obligation to buy our products. Our relationships with our customers are generally not exclusive. To the extent that certain of our customers regard us as a critical supplier of equipment, such customers may choose to develop alternative sources of supply, such as our competitors, in order to mitigate actual or perceived risk to their own supply chains. If one or more of our customers discontinues its relationship with us for any reason, or reduces or postpones current or expected
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purchases of our products or services, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.
Strategic transactions within the service provider market, such as consolidation as a result of mergers as well as divestitures and restructurings, may introduce uncertainty into our customers and prospective customers as they realign their businesses. This may delay orders for our products and services, cause orders to be cancelled or the use of our products to be discontinued, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We face intense competition from several competitors and if we do not compete effectively with these competitors, our revenue may not grow and could decline.
We have experienced, and expect to continue to experience, intense competition from a number of companies. We compete principally with Aviat Networks, Inc. and Ceragon Networks Ltd. Our existing and/or new competitors may announce new products, services or enhancements that better meet the needs of customers or changing industry standards or deeply discount the price of their products. Further, new competitors or alliances among competitors could emerge. Increased competition may cause price reductions, reduced gross margins and loss of market share, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our competitors may also establish or strengthen co-operative relationships with sales channel partners or other parties with whom we have strategic relationships, thereby limiting our ability to promote and sell our products.
Some of our competitors and potential competitors have significantly greater financial, technical, marketing and/or service resources than us and/or have greater geographical reach to existing and prospective customers. Some of these companies also have a larger installed base of products, longer operating histories or greater name recognition than we do. Some of our competitors have the ability to offer vendor financing to their customers which we do not currently have nor expect to have in the foreseeable future. Customers for our products are particularly concerned that their suppliers will continue to operate and provide upgrades and maintenance for their products over a long-term period. Our relatively small size and short operating history may be considered negatively by current and prospective customers. In addition, our competitors may be able to respond more quickly than us to changes in end-user requirements and devote greater resources to the enhancement, promotion and sale of their products.
We face competition from indirect competitors.
In addition to direct competitors, we face competition from broadband technologies that compete with wireless transmission. Our products compete to a certain extent with other high-speed communications solutions, including fiber optic lines, digital subscriber line ("DSL"), free space optics, low and medium capacity point-to-point radios and other wireless technologies. Some of these technologies utilize existing installed infrastructure and have achieved significantly greater market acceptance and penetration than high-capacity broadband wireless technologies. Our wireless products and many other wireless products require a direct line of sight between antennas, potentially limiting deployment options and the ability to deploy products in a cost-effective manner. In addition, customers may wish to use transmission frequencies for which we do not offer products and, therefore, such customers may turn to our competitors to fulfill their requirements. We expect to face increasing competitive pressures from both current and future technologies in the broadband backhaul market. In light of these factors, the market for broadband wireless solutions may fail to develop or may develop more slowly than expected. Any of these outcomes could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
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We may be unable to identify and complete acquisitions. Acquisitions could divert management's attention and financial resources, may negatively affect our operating results and could cause significant dilution to our shareholders.
We intend to continue to address the need to develop new products and enhance existing products through selective acquisitions of other companies, product lines, technologies, and personnel that we believe are complementary to our products and business. Acquisitions of high-technology companies and products are inherently risky, especially if the acquired business is in its early stages of development and commercialization.
There is a risk that we will not be able to identify suitable acquisition candidates available for sale at reasonable prices, complete any particular acquisition, or successfully integrate any acquired product or business into our operations. We are likely to face competition for acquisition candidates from other parties including those that have substantially greater resources available to them.
We undertake thorough due diligence before completing any acquisition, but it is possible that unanticipated factors could arise after the completion of an acquisition. No assurance can be made that pre-acquisition due diligence will have identified all possible issues that might arise with respect to an acquired business or product.
There is no assurance that we will achieve our operational, financial or strategic objectives following acquisition and integration efforts. Our ability to successfully complete an acquisition is often subject to regulatory and shareholder approvals, and we cannot be certain when or if, or on what terms and conditions, any required approvals will be granted.
Acquisitions involve a number of other risks, including:
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- diversion of management's attention from normal daily operations of the business and non-acquisition-related strategic initiatives;
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- disruption to our ongoing business as a result of time and resources spent integrating the operations, systems, technologies, products, and personnel of the acquired companies;
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- failure to retain key acquired personnel;
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- loss of value in the acquired business or product line arising from difficulties in integrating the acquired operations, technologies, products and/or personnel;
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- insufficient revenue to offset increased expenses and/or unanticipated expenses, events or circumstances attributable to or caused by the acquired business or product line;
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- assumption of disclosed and undisclosed liabilities;
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- inappropriate valuation of the acquired in-process research and development, or the entire acquired business; and
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- adverse employee, customer, distributor, supplier or partner reaction to the acquisition and/or difficulties in maintaining relationships with the customers of the acquired business or product line.
Acquisitions may also cause us to:
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- use a substantial portion of our cash resources, or incur debt, which in turn may require us to significantly increase our interest expense, leverage and debt service requirements;
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- issue equity that would dilute our current shareholders' percentage ownership;
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- record goodwill and non-amortizable intangible assets that are subject to impairment testing on a regular basis and potential periodic impairment charges;
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- incur amortization expenses related to certain intangible assets;
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- incur tax expenses related to the effect of acquisitions on our intercompany research and development (R&D) cost sharing arrangement and legal structure;
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- incur large and immediate write-offs and restructuring and other related expenses; and
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- become subject to intellectual property or other litigation.
Acquisitions may result in charges in an individual quarter. These charges may occur in any particular quarter, resulting in variability in our quarterly earnings. In addition, our effective tax rate for future periods is uncertain and could be impacted by acquisitions.
If we do not successfully address these risks or any other problems encountered in connection with an acquisition, the acquisition could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Problems with an acquired business, including those described above, could have a material adverse effect on our performance or our business as a whole.
Our success depends on our ability to develop new products and enhance existing products.
The markets for our products are characterized by rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards and increasingly sophisticated customer requirements. The introduction of products embodying new technology and the emergence of new industry standards can render our existing products obsolete and unmarketable and can exert price pressures on existing products. Our success depends on our ability to anticipate and react quickly to changes in technology or in industry standards and to successfully develop and introduce new, enhanced and competitive products on a timely basis. In particular, the continued acceptance and future success of our product offerings will depend on the capacity of those products to handle growing volumes of traffic, their reliability and security, and their cost-effectiveness compared to competitive product offerings. We cannot give assurance that we will successfully develop new products or enhance and improve our existing products, that new products and enhanced and improved existing products will achieve market acceptance or that the introduction of new products or enhanced existing products by others will not render our products obsolete. Our inability to develop products that are competitive in technology and price and that meet customer needs could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Accelerated product introductions and short product life cycles require high levels of expenditure for research and development that could adversely affect our operating results. Further, any new products that we develop could require long development and testing periods and may not be introduced in a timely manner or may not achieve the broad market acceptance necessary to generate significant revenue.
As we develop new products, our older products will reach the end of their lives. As we discontinue the sale of these older products, we must manage the liquidation of inventory, supplier commitments and customer expectations. Part of our inventory may be written off, which would increase our cost of sales. In addition, we may be exposed to losses on inventories purchased by our contract manufacturers. If we or our contract manufacturers are unable to properly manage the discontinuation of older products and/or if we are unable to secure customer acceptance of new products, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
We have a history of losses and cannot provide assurance that we will sustain profitability. If we fail to do so, our share price may decline.
We reported net losses of $10.724, $8.252 and $5.989 million (all figures in Canadian dollars) for our 2007, 2008 and 2009 fiscal years respectively. In the 2010 and 2011 fiscal years, we reported net income of $27.8 and $2.1 million (US Dollars). We expect our expenses will grow to support our revenue growth. We cannot provide assurance that we will be able to sustain profitability on a quarterly or annual basis. Our business strategies may be unsuccessful. Our results of operations will be harmed if our revenue does not increase at a rate equal to or greater than increases in our expenses or if our revenue is insufficient for us
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to attain or surtain profitability. If we are not able to sustain profitability, our share price may decline and we may require additional financing, which may not be available to us.
Failure to manage our growth successfully may adversely impact our operating results.
The growth of our operations places a strain on managerial, financial and human resources. Our ability to manage future growth will depend in large part upon a number of factors, including our ability to rapidly:
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- build a network of channel partners to create an expanding presence in the evolving marketplace for our products and services;
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- build a sales team to keep customers and channel partners informed regarding the technical features, issues and key selling points of our products and services;
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- attract and retain qualified technical personnel in order to continue to develop reliable and flexible products and provide services that respond to evolving customer needs;
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- develop support capacity for customers as sales increase, so that we can provide post-sales support without diverting resources from product development efforts; and
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- expand our internal management and financial controls significantly, so that we can maintain control over our operations and provide support to other functional areas as our number of personnel and size increases.
Our inability to achieve any of these objectives could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our quarterly revenue and operating results can be difficult to predict and can fluctuate substantially.
Our revenue is difficult to forecast, is likely to fluctuate significantly and may not be indicative of our future performance from quarter to quarter. In addition, our operating results may not follow any past trends. The factors affecting our revenue and results, many of which are outside of our control, include:
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- competitive conditions in our industry, including strategic initiatives by us or our competitors, new products or services, product or service announcements and changes in pricing policy by us or our competitors;
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- market acceptance of our products and services;
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- our ability to maintain existing relationships and to create new relationships with channel partners;
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- varying size, timing and contractual terms of orders for our products, which may delay the recognition of revenue;
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- the project-based nature of deployments of our products;
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- the discretionary nature of purchase and budget cycles of our customers and changes in their budgets for, and timing of, equipment purchases;
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- strategic decisions by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions, divestitures, spin-offs, joint ventures, strategic investments or changes in business strategy;
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- general weakening of the economy resulting in a decrease in the overall demand for telecommunications products and services or otherwise affecting the capital investment levels of service providers;
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- timing of product development and new product initiatives; and
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- the length and variability of the sales cycles for our products.
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Because our quarterly revenue is dependent upon a relatively small number of transactions, even minor variations in the rate and timing of conversion of our sales prospects into revenue could cause us to plan or budget inaccurately, and those variations could adversely affect our financial results. Delays, reductions in the amount or cancellations of customers' purchases would adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
A general global economic downturn may negatively affect our customers and their ability to purchase our products. A downturn may decrease our revenues and increase our costs and may increase credit risk with our customers and impact our ability to collect accounts receivable and recognize revenue.
Disruptions in the financial markets have had and may continue to have an adverse effect on the U.S. and world economies, which could adversely and materially impact business spending patterns. Tightening of credit in financial markets could adversely affect the ability of our customers and suppliers to obtain financing for significant purchases and operations and could result in a decrease in or cancellation of orders for our products.
The 2009 and 2010 calendar years were widely described as an economic downturn, and the extent of the accompanying effects on 2011 and upcoming years may exacerbate some of the other risks that affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. A tighter credit market for consumer, business, and service provider spending may have several adverse effects, including reduced demand for our products, increased price competition or deferment of purchases and orders by our customers. Additional effects may include increased demand for customer finance, difficulties in collection of accounts receivable and increased risk of counterparty failures.
We may be negatively affected by economic and geopolitical uncertainty.
The market for our products depends on economic and geopolitical conditions affecting the broader market. Economic conditions globally are beyond our control. In addition, acts of terrorism and the outbreak of hostilities and armed conflicts between countries can create geopolitical uncertainties that may affect the global economy. Downturns in the economy or geopolitical uncertainties may cause our customers to delay or cancel projects, reduce their overall capital or operating budgets or reduce or cancel orders for our products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We may be adversely affected by currency fluctuations.
The majority of our revenue and direct cost of sales is earned and incurred in U.S. dollars, while our operating expenses are incurred in Canadian dollars, Israeli shekels, and U.S. dollars. Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and other currencies, such as the Canadian dollar and the Israeli shekel, may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results. As of March 1, 2010, we adopted the U.S. dollar as our functional and reporting currency. This was a result of the shift over time of the proportion of our revenues and expenses in U.S. dollars. We do not currently engage in transactional hedging schemes but we do attempt to hedge or mitigate the risk of currency fluctuations by actively monitoring and managing our foreign currency holdings relative to our foreign currency expenses.
We may be adversely affected by credit risk.
We are exposed to credit risk for accounts receivable in the event that counterparties do not meet their obligations. We attempt to mitigate our credit risk to the extent possible by performing credit reviews. Both economic and geopolitical uncertainty can influence the ultimate collectability of these receivable amounts. Failure to collect outstanding receivables could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
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If we are required to change our pricing models to compete successfully, our margins and operating results may be adversely affected.
The intensely competitive market in which we conduct our business may require us to reduce our prices. If our competitors offer deep discounts on certain products or services in an effort to recapture or gain market share or to sell other products and services, we may be required to lower our prices or offer other favorable terms to compete successfully. Any such changes would reduce our margins and could adversely affect our operating results.
If sufficient radio spectrum is not allocated for use by our products or if we fail to obtain regulatory approval for our products, our ability to market our products may be restricted.
Radio communications are subject to significant regulation in North America, Europe and other jurisdictions in which we sell our products. Generally, our products must conform to a variety of national and international standards and requirements established to avoid interference among users of radio frequencies and to permit the interconnections of telecommunications equipment. In addition, our products are affected by the allocation and licensing (by auction or other means) of radio spectrum by governmental authorities. Such governmental authorities may not allocate or license sufficient radio spectrum for use by prospective customers of our products. Historically, in many developed countries, the lack of availability of commercial radio spectrum or the failure by governments to license that spectrum has inhibited the growth of wireless telecommunications networks.
In order to sell our products in any given jurisdiction, we must obtain regulatory approval for our products. Each jurisdiction in which we market our products has its own rules relating to such approval. Products that support emerging wireless telecommunications services can be marketed in a jurisdiction only if permitted by suitable radio spectrum allocations and regulations, and the process of establishing new regulations is complex and lengthy.
Any failure by regulatory authorities to allocate suitable and sufficient radio spectrum to potential customers in a timely manner could adversely and materially impact demand for our products and may result in the delay or loss of potential orders for our products. In addition, any failure by us to obtain or maintain the proper regulatory approvals for our products could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If our current or prospective customers are unable to secure a license for applicable radio spectrum or other regulatory approvals to operate as a service provider, the customer may not be permitted to deploy or operate a wireless network using our products.
Our products operate primarily on government-licensed radio frequencies. Users of our products must either have a spectrum license to operate and provide communications services in the applicable frequency or must acquire the right to do so from another license holder. In many jurisdictions, regulatory approvals are also required in order to operate a telecommunications or radio-communications network. Obtaining such licenses and other approvals is a lengthy process and is subject to significant uncertainties, including uncertainties as to timing and availability. There can be no assurance as to when any government may license radio spectrum or as to whether our customers will be successful in securing, maintaining or renewing any necessary spectrum licenses or other regulatory approvals.
In addition, if a license holder of such radio spectrum files for liquidation, dissolution or bankruptcy, substantial time could pass before its licenses are transferred, cancelled, reissued or made available by the applicable government licensing authority. Until the licenses are transferred, cancelled, reissued or otherwise made available, other operators may be precluded from operating in such licensed spectrum, which could decrease demand for our products. In addition, if the authorities choose to revoke licenses for certain radio frequencies, demand for our products may decrease as well.
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Changes in government regulation, or industry standards, may limit the potential markets for our products. We may need to modify our products, which may increase our product costs and adversely affect our ability to become profitable.
Radio frequencies are subject to extensive regulation both nationally and internationally. The emergence or evolution of regulations and industry standards for wireless products, through official standards committees or widespread use by operators, could require us to modify our systems. This may be expensive and time-consuming. Each country has different regulations and procedures for the approval of wireless communications equipment and the uses of radio spectrum in association with that equipment. If new industry standards emerge that we do not anticipate, our products could be rendered obsolete.
Our ability to sell products and services is dependent upon our establishing and maintaining relationships with channel partners.
We are dependent upon our ability to establish and develop new relationships and to build on existing relationships with channel partners, which we rely on to sell our current and future products and services. We cannot provide assurance that we will be successful in maintaining or advancing our relationships with channel partners. In addition, we cannot provide assurance that our channel partners will act in a manner that will promote the success of our products and services. Failure by channel partners to promote and support our products and services could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Some channel partners also sell products and services of our competitors. If some of our competitors offer their products and services to our channel partners on more favorable terms or have more products or services available to meet their needs, there may be pressure on us to reduce the price of our products or services or increase the commissions payable to channel partners, failing which our channel partners may stop carrying our products or services or de-emphasize the sale of our products and services in favor of the products and services of our competitors.
We believe that channel partners are exerting increased influence on customer purchasing decisions, especially purchasing decisions by large service provider customers. In particular, large service provider customers may choose to adopt strategies to limit the number of channel partners and/or equipment vendors for their network builds, or only contract with channel partners that offer "end to end" solutions, to address interoperability concerns among other reasons. This approach may reduce our opportunities to sell directly to end customers and increase our reliance on our channel partners. In addition, several of our channel partners have developed their own microwave solutions internally. To the extent that our channel partners have or acquire their own microwave solutions that compete with our products, our relationships with these channel partners could be materially adversely affected.
We rely primarily upon three outsourced manufacturers and we are exposed to the risk that these manufacturers will not be able to satisfy our manufacturing needs on a timely basis.
We do not have any internal manufacturing capabilities and we rely upon a small number of outsourced manufacturers to manufacture our products. Substantially all of our products are currently manufactured by Sanmina, Flextronics and Plexus. See "Article 3—Production and Services". Our ability to ship products to our customers could be delayed or interrupted as a result of a variety of factors relating to our outsourced manufacturers, including:
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- our outsourced manufacturers not being obligated to manufacture our products on a long-term basis in any specific quantity or at any specific price;
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- early termination of, or failure to renew, contractual arrangements;
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- our failure to effectively manage our outsourced manufacturer relationships;
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- •
- our outsourced manufacturers experiencing delays, disruptions or quality control problems in their manufacturing operations;
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- lead-times for required materials and components varying significantly and being dependent on factors such as the specific supplier, contract terms and the demand for each component at a given time;
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- underestimating our requirements, resulting in our outsourced manufacturers having inadequate materials and components required to produce our products, or overestimating our requirements, resulting in charges assessed by the outsourced manufacturers or liabilities for excess inventory, each of which could negatively affect our gross margins; and
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- the possible absence of adequate capacity and reduced control over component availability, quality assurances, delivery schedules, manufacturing yields and costs.
Although we believe that Sanmina, Flextronics, and Plexus have sufficient economic incentive to perform our manufacturing, the resources devoted to these activities by Sanmina, Flextronics, and Plexus are not within our control, and there can be no assurance that manufacturing problems will not occur in the future. Insufficient supply or an interruption or stoppage of supply from Sanmina, Flextronics, and Plexus or our inability to obtain additional manufacturers when and if needed, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
If any of our outsourced manufacturers are unable or unwilling to continue manufacturing our products in required volumes and quality levels, we will have to identify, qualify, select and implement acceptable alternative manufacturers, which would likely be time consuming and costly. In addition, an alternate source may not be available to us or may not be in a position to satisfy our production requirements at commercially reasonable prices and quality. Therefore, any significant interruption in manufacturing would result in us being unable to deliver the affected products to meet our customer orders, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We rely on our suppliers to supply components for our products and we are exposed to the risk that these suppliers will not be able to supply components on a timely basis, or at all.
The manufacturers of our products depend on obtaining adequate supplies of components on a timely basis. We source several key components used in the manufacture of our products from a limited number of suppliers, and in some instances, a single source supplier.
In addition, these components are often acquired through purchase orders and we may have no long-term commitments regarding supply or pricing from our suppliers. Lead-times for various components may lengthen, which may make certain components scarce. As component demand increases and lead-times become longer, our suppliers may increase component costs. We also depend on anticipated product orders to determine our materials requirements. Lead-times for limited-source materials and components can be as long as six months, vary significantly and depend on factors such as the specific supplier, contract terms and demand for a component at a given time. From time to time, shortages in allocations of components have resulted in delays in filling orders. Currently, the global recession has caused some component suppliers to reduce inventories and production. Shortages and delays in obtaining components in the future could impede our ability to meet customer orders. Any of these sole source or limited source suppliers could stop producing the components, cease operations entirely, or be acquired by, or enter into exclusive arrangements with, our competitors. As a result, these sole source and limited source suppliers may stop selling their components to our outsourced manufacturers at commercially reasonable prices, or at all. Any such interruption, delay or inability to obtain these components from alternate sources at acceptable prices and within a reasonable amount of time would adversely affect our ability to meet scheduled product deliveries to our customers and reduce margins realized.
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Alternative sources of components are not always available or available at acceptable prices. In addition, we rely on, but have limited control over, the quality, reliability and availability of the components supplied to us. If we cannot manufacture our products due to a lack of components, or are unable to redesign our products with other components in a timely manner, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.
If our intellectual property is not adequately protected, we may lose our competitive advantage.
Our success depends in part on our ability to protect our rights in our intellectual property. We rely on various intellectual property protections, including patents, copyright, trade-mark and trade secret laws and contractual provisions, to preserve our intellectual property rights. Our present protective measures may not be adequate or enforceable to prevent misappropriation of our technology or to prevent a third party from developing the same or similar technology. Despite our precautions, it may be possible for third parties to obtain and use our intellectual property without our authorization. Policing unauthorized use of intellectual property is difficult, and some foreign laws and jurisdictions do not protect proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of Canada or the United States.
To protect our intellectual property, we may become involved in litigation, which could result in substantial expenses, divert management's attention, cause significant delays, materially disrupt the conduct of our business or adversely affect our revenue, financial condition and results of operations.
Our business may be harmed if we infringe on the intellectual property rights of others.
Our commercial success depends, in part, upon us not infringing intellectual property rights owned by others. A number of our competitors and other third parties have been issued patents and may have filed patent applications or may obtain additional patents and proprietary rights for technologies similar to those used by us in our products. Some of these patents may grant very broad protection to the owners of the patents. We cannot determine with certainty whether any existing third party patents or the issuance of any third party patents would require us to alter our technology, obtain licenses or cease certain activities. We may become subject to claims by third parties that our technology infringes their intellectual property rights due to the growth of products in our target markets, the overlap in functionality of these products and the prevalence of products. Aggressive patent litigation is not uncommon in our industry and can be disruptive. We may become subject to these claims either directly or through indemnities against these claims that we routinely provide to our customers and channel partners. In some of our agreements we do not have a limit on our liability for such claims and therefore a successful claim could result in significant liability to us.
In addition, we have received, and may receive in the future, claims from third parties asserting infringement and other related claims. Litigation may be necessary to determine the scope, enforceability and validity of such third party proprietary rights or to establish our proprietary rights. Some of our competitors have, or are affiliated with companies having, substantially greater resources than us and these competitors may be able to sustain the costs of complex intellectual property litigation to a greater degree and for a longer period of time than us. Regardless of their merit, any such claims could:
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- be time consuming to evaluate and defend;
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- result in costly litigation;
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- cause product shipment delays or stoppages;
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- divert the attention and focus of our management and technical personnel away from our business;
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- subject us to significant damages, noting that in the United States plaintiffs may be entitled to treble damages if intellectual property infringement is found to be willful;
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- •
- subject us to significant other liabilities, including liability to indemnify end-customers pursuant to standard contractual indemnities entered into by us in favor of those customers;
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- require us to enter into costly royalty or licensing agreements to avoid or settle infringement litigation; and
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- require us to modify, rename or stop using the infringing technology.
We may be prohibited from developing or commercializing certain technologies and products unless we obtain a license from a third party. There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain any such license on commercially favorable terms, or at all. If we do not obtain such a license, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected and we could be required to cease related business operations in some markets and to restructure our business to focus on operations in other markets.
Moreover, license agreements with third parties may not include all intellectual property rights that may be issued to or owned by the licensors, and future disputes with these parties are possible. Current or future negotiations with third parties to establish license or cross license arrangements, or to renew existing licenses, may not be successful and we may not be able to obtain or renew a license on satisfactory terms or at all. If we cannot obtain required licenses, or if existing licenses are not renewed, litigation could result.
If we lose our rights to use software we currently license from third parties, we could be forced to seek alternative technology, which could increase our operating expenses and could adversely affect our ability to compete.
We license certain software used in our products from third parties, generally on a non-exclusive basis. The termination of any of these licenses, or the failure of the licensors to adequately maintain or update their software, could delay our ability to ship our products while we seek to implement alternative technology offered by other sources and could require significant unplanned investments on our part if we are forced to develop alternative technology internally. In addition, alternative technology may not be available to us on commercially reasonable terms from other sources. In the future, it may be necessary or desirable to obtain other third party technology licenses relating to one or more of our products or relating to current or future technologies to enhance our product offerings. There is a risk that we will not be able to obtain licensing rights to the needed technology on commercially reasonable terms, or at all.
We have a lengthy and variable sales cycle.
It is difficult for us to forecast the timing of revenue from sales of our products because our customers typically invest substantial time, money and other resources researching their needs and available competitive alternatives before deciding to purchase our products and services. Typically, the larger the potential sale, the more time, money and other resources will be invested by customers. As a result, it may take many months after our first contact with an end-customer before a sale can actually be completed. In addition, we rely on our channel partners to sell our products to customers and, therefore, our sales efforts are vulnerable to delays at both the channel partner and the end-customer level.
During these long sales cycles, events may occur that affect the size or timing of the order or even cause it to be cancelled, including:
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- purchasing decisions may be postponed, or large purchases reduced, during periods of economic uncertainty;
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- we or our competitors may announce or introduce new products or services;
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- our competitors may offer lower prices on similar products; or
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- budget and purchasing priorities of customers may change.
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If these events were to occur, sales of our products or services may be cancelled or delayed, which would reduce our revenue.
Our ability to recruit and retain management and other qualified personnel is crucial to our ability to develop, market, sell and support our products and services.
We depend on the services of our key technical, sales, marketing and management personnel. The loss of any of these key persons could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Our success is also highly dependent on our continuing ability to identify, hire, train, motivate and retain highly qualified technical, sales, marketing and management personnel. Competition for such personnel can be intense, and we cannot provide assurance that we will be able to attract or retain highly qualified technical, sales, marketing and management personnel in the future. Stock options comprise a significant component of our compensation of key employees, and if our share price declines, it may be difficult to recruit and retain such individuals. In addition, pursuant to the rules of the TSX, our unallocated options require periodic approval from shareholders in order to continue to be available for grant under the Stock Option Plan. TSX rules and/or the size of our option pool may limit our ability to use equity incentives as a means to recruit and retain key employees. Our inability to attract and retain the necessary technical, sales, marketing and management personnel may adversely affect our future growth and profitability. It may be necessary for us to increase the level of compensation paid to existing or new employees to a degree that our operating expenses could be materially increased. We do not currently maintain corporate life insurance policies on key employees.
Our international sales and operations subject us to additional risks that can adversely affect our operating results.
Our business model is to sell our products across the world in jurisdictions where service providers are building new communications networks or expanding existing networks, and our sales and operations are, therefore, global in nature. Our current and future international operations subject us to a variety of risks, including:
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- difficulty managing and staffing foreign offices and the increased travel, infrastructure and legal compliance costs associated with multiple international locations;
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- difficulties in enforcing contracts, collecting accounts receivable and longer payment cycles, especially in emerging markets;
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- the need to localize our products and licensing programs for international customers;
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- tariffs, trade barriers, compliance with customs regulations and other regulatory or contractual limitations on our ability to sell or develop our products in certain foreign markets;
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- increased exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risk; and
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- reduced protection and limited enforcement for intellectual property rights in some countries.
Because our products are sold and marketed in different countries, the products must function in and meet the requirements of many different environments and be compatible with various systems and products. If our products fail to meet these requirements, this could negatively impact on sales and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operation and financial condition.
We are subject to government regulations concerning the sale and export of our products and our failure or inability to comply with these regulations could materially restrict our operations and subject us to penalties.
As discussed above, our sales and operations are global in nature and we must comply with applicable export control and economic sanctions laws. Canadian export control and economic sanctions laws govern any information, products or materials that we ship from Canada or otherwise provide to non-Canadian persons. On May 27, 2009 and August 14, 2009, we filed a 'non-compliance report' with Canada's Export
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and Import Controls Bureau ("EICB") relating to our inadvertent non-compliance with the requirement to obtain an export permit covering certain of our products and a number of export sales and electronic transfers of these products since October 2004. While there can be no assurance that the Government of Canada will not exercise its discretion to impose penalties or impose conditions with respect to the issuance of new export permits in respect of the past acts of non-compliance, since the time we first reported past non-compliance on May 27, 2009, the EICB, on November 26, 2009, granted us a broad-based export permit for a period of two years. Regardless of its past practice, if the EICB elects to decline the issuance of further export permits or deems us to be in non-compliance of such permits based on continuing disclosure, our ability to continue to export our products could be restricted which could materially disrupt the conduct of our business or adversely affect our revenue, financial condition and results of operations.
Finally, although we are a Canadian company, certain of our business transactions are also governed by U.S. export control requirements, including the export of items containing more thande minimis amounts of U.S. controlled content. While we are not aware of any instances of non-compliance with U.S. licensing requirements for hardware or technology exports made during the past five years, our internal review raised questions concerning certain past internet-based transfers of software (some of which apparently contained small amounts of low-level encryption for networking), and we filed a voluntary disclosure with the U.S. Department of Commerce. On September 17, 2010, we received a letter from the U.S. Bureau of Industry and Security, Office of Export Enforcement ("OEE"), indicating that OEE had completed an investigation of our voluntary disclosure of possible non-compliance with export controls, and that while the referenced conduct could constitute violation of the applicable legislation and/or regulations, OEE had decided not to refer the matter to criminal or administrative proceedings and was closing the matter with the issuance of the letter.
Defects in our products could result in significant costs to us and could impair our ability to sell our products.
Our products are complex and, accordingly, they may contain defects or errors, particularly when first introduced or as new versions are released. We may not discover such defects or errors until after a product has been released and used by our end-customers. Defects and errors in our products could materially and adversely affect our reputation, result in significant costs to us, delay planned release dates and impair our ability to sell our products in the future. The costs we incur correcting any product defects or errors may be substantial and could adversely affect our operating margins. While we plan to continually test our products for defects and errors and work with customers through our post-sales support services to identify and correct defects and errors, defects or errors in our products may be found in the future.
If a successful product liability claim were made against us, our business could be seriously harmed.
Our agreements with our customers typically, although not always, contain provisions designed to limit our exposure to potential product liability claims. Despite this, it is possible that these limitations of liability provisions may not be effective as a result of existing or future laws or unfavorable judicial decisions. We have not experienced a material product liability claim to date; however, the sale and support of our products may entail the risk of those claims, which are likely to be substantial in light of the use of our products in critical applications. A successful product liability claim could result in significant monetary liability to us and could seriously harm our business.
There may be health and safety risks relating to wireless products.
In recent years, there has been publicity regarding the potentially negative direct and indirect health and safety effects of electromagnetic emissions from cellular telephones and other wireless equipment sources, including allegations that these emissions may cause cancer. Our wireless communications products emit electromagnetic radiation. Health and safety issues related to our products may arise that could lead to litigation or other actions against us or to additional regulation of our products. We may be required to
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modify our technology and may not be able to do so. We may also be required to pay damages that may reduce our profitability and adversely affect our financial condition. Even if these concerns prove to be baseless, the resulting negative publicity could affect our ability to market our products and, in turn, could harm our business and results of operations.
Risks Related to our Common Shares
The trading price of our common shares has been, and may continue to be, subject to large fluctuations.
Our outstanding common shares are listed on both the TSX and NASDAQ Global Market. The trading price of our common shares has been, and may continue to be, subject to large fluctuations and, therefore, the value of our common shares may also fluctuate significantly, which may result in losses to investors who have acquired or may acquire common shares.
The trading price of our common shares may increase or decrease in response to a number of events and factors, including:
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- low trading volumes;
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- actual or anticipated fluctuations in our results of operations;
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- changes in estimates of our future results of operations by us or securities analysts;
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- announcement of technological innovations or new products or services by us or our competitors;
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- changes affecting the communications industry; and
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- other events and factors, including but not limited to the risk factors identified in this Annual Information Form.
In addition, different liquidity levels, volume of trading, currencies and market conditions on the TSX and NASDAQ may result in different prevailing trading prices.
Securities class action litigation often has been brought against companies following periods of volatility in the market price of their securities. We may in the future be the target of similar litigation. Securities litigation could result in substantial costs and damages and divert management's attention and resources, which could adversely affect our business. Any adverse determination in litigation against us could also subject us to significant liabilities.
As a foreign private issuer, we are subject to different U.S. securities laws and rules than a domestic U.S. issuer, which may limit the information publicly available to our shareholders.
DragonWave is a "foreign private issuer" under applicable U.S. federal securities laws and, therefore, we are not required to comply with all the periodic disclosure and current reporting requirements of the United StatesSecurities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act") and related rules and regulations. As a result, we do not file the same reports that a U.S. domestic issuer would file with the SEC, although we will be required to file or furnish to the SEC the continuous disclosure documents that we are required to file in Canada under Canadian securities laws. In addition, our officers, directors, and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and "short swing" profit recovery provisions of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. Therefore, our shareholders may not know on as timely a basis when our officers, directors and principal shareholders purchase or sell their common shares, as the reporting deadlines under the corresponding Canadian insider reporting requirements are longer. In addition, as a foreign private issuer we are exempt from the proxy rules under the Exchange Act.
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We may lose our foreign private issuer status in the future, which could result in significant additional costs and expenses to us.
We may in the future lose our foreign private issuer status if a majority of our common shares are held in the U.S. and we fail to meet the additional requirements necessary to avoid loss of foreign private issuer status. The regulatory and compliance costs to us under U.S. securities laws as a U.S. domestic issuer may be significantly more than the costs incurred as a Canadian foreign private issuer eligible to use the multi-jurisdictional disclosure system ("MJDS") adopted by the United States and Canada. If we are not a foreign private issuer, we would not be eligible to use the MJDS or other foreign issuer forms and would be required to file periodic and current reports and registration statements on U.S. domestic issuer forms with the SEC, which are more detailed and extensive than the forms available to a foreign private issuer. In addition, we may lose the ability to rely upon exemptions from NASDAQ corporate governance requirements that are available to foreign private issuers.
The financial reporting obligations of being a public company in the U.S. are expensive and time consuming, and place significant additional demands on our management.
Prior to the consummation of the 2009 Offering, we were not subject to public company reporting obligations in the U.S. The additional obligations of being a public company in the U.S. require significant additional expenditures and place additional demands on our management. In particular, Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the SEC rules and regulations implementing Section 404 require an annual evaluation of our internal controls over financial reporting to be attested to by an independent auditing firm. If an independent auditing firm is unable to provide us with an attestation and an unqualified report as to the effectiveness of our internal controls, investors could lose confidence in the reliability of our financial statements, which could result in a decrease in the value of our common shares.
An investor may be unable to bring actions or enforce judgments against us and certain of our directors and officers.
DragonWave is incorporated under the laws of Canada, and our principal executive offices are located in Canada. A majority of our directors and officers, and our independent public accounting firm, reside principally outside of the United States and all or a substantial portion of our assets and the assets of these persons are located outside the United States. Consequently, it may not be possible for an investor to effect service of process within the United States on us or those persons. Furthermore, it may not be possible for an investor to enforce judgments obtained in United States courts based upon the civil liability provisions of United States federal securities laws or other laws of the United States against those persons or us.
We do not currently intend to pay dividends on our common shares and, consequently, a shareholder's ability to achieve a return on its investment will depend on appreciation in the price of our common shares.
We have never declared or paid any dividends on our common shares. We currently intend to retain any future earnings to fund the development and growth of our business and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination to pay dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon many factors, including our results of operations, capital requirements and other factors as the board of directors deems relevant.
Our actual financial results may vary from our publicly disclosed forecasts.
Our actual financial results may vary from our publicly disclosed forecasts and these variations could be material and adverse. We periodically provide guidance on future financial results. Our forecasts reflect numerous assumptions concerning our expected performance, as well as other factors that are beyond our control and which may not turn out to be correct. Although we believe that the assumptions underlying our guidance and other forward-looking statements are reasonable when we make such statements, actual
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results could be materially different. Our financial results are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including those identified throughout these risk factors and elsewhere in this Annual Information Form. Also see "Forward-Looking Statements". If our actual results vary from our announced guidance, the price of our common shares may decline, and such a decline could be substantial. Except as required under applicable securities legislation, we do not undertake to update any guidance or other forward-looking information we may provide, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
We believe that we are not currently a passive foreign investment company (a "PFIC") for U.S. federal income tax purposes, but this factual determination is made annually and could change in the future.
Based in part on current operations and financial projections, we are not classified as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for our 2011 fiscal year. However, an annual determination will need to be made as to whether we are a PFIC based on the types of income we earn and the types and value of our assets from time to time, all of which are subject to change. Therefore, we cannot assure holders of our common shares that we will not be a PFIC for our current taxable year or any future taxable year. A non-U.S. corporation generally will be considered a PFIC for any taxable year if either (1) at least 75% of its gross income is passive income or (2) at least 50% of the value of its assets (based on an average of the quarterly values of the assets during a taxable year) is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income. The market value of our assets may be determined in large part by the market price of our common shares, which is likely to fluctuate. In addition, the composition of our income and assets will be affected by how, and how quickly, we use the cash raised in the 2009 Offering. If we were to be treated as a PFIC for any taxable year, certain adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences could apply to U.S. holders of our common shares.
U.S. holders of our common shares are urged to consult their tax advisors with respect to the U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of the common shares as may be applicable to their particular circumstances.
The acquisition of, investment in and disposition of our common shares has tax consequences.
Prospective investors should be aware that the acquisition, holding and/or disposition of our common shares has tax consequences both in the United States and Canada that are not described herein.
Purchasers should consult their own tax advisors with respect to the tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of our common shares as may be applicable to their particular circumstances.
Future sales of common shares by our existing shareholders could cause our share price to fall.
If our shareholders sell substantial amounts of our common shares in the public market, the market price of our common shares could fall. The perception among investors that these sales will occur could also produce this effect.
We may require additional capital in the future and no assurance can be given that such capital will be available at all or available on terms acceptable to us.
We may need to raise additional funds through public or private debt or equity financings in order to:
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- fund ongoing operations;
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- take advantage of opportunities, including more rapid expansion of our business or the acquisition of complementary products, technologies or businesses;
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- develop new products; or
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- respond to competitive pressures.
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Any additional capital raised through the sale of equity will dilute the percentage ownership of the Company of each shareholder and such dilution may be significant. Capital raised through debt financing would require us to make periodic interest payments and may impose restrictive covenants on the conduct of our business. Furthermore, additional financing may not be available on terms favorable to us, or at all. A failure to obtain additional financing could prevent us from making expenditures that may be required to grow or maintain our operations.
Our management has broad discretion over the use of the net proceeds from the 2009 Offering and will have broad discretion over the use of proceeds from any financing we complete in the future. If we do not use the proceeds effectively to develop and grow our business, an investment in our common shares could suffer.
Our management has broad discretion in how it uses the net proceeds received by us from any offering, including the 2009 Offering, and there can be no assurance that such proceeds will be used efficiently or effectively. We may spend these proceeds in ways that do not increase our operating results or market value, which would adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. Pending their use, we may invest the net proceeds from any offering, including the 2009 Offering, in a manner that does not produce income or that loses value.
Further, if we do not restrict our investment of a sufficient portion of the net proceeds from the sale of our common shares, pending their use, to investments that are not "investment securities" within the meaning of the United StatesInvestment Company Act of 1940, we may inadvertently become subject to regulation as an investment company under that Act. If such an event were to occur, the consequences to us would be material and adverse.
Certain Canadian laws could delay or deter a change of control.
TheInvestment Canada Act (Canada) subjects an acquisition of control of DragonWave by a non-Canadian to government review if the value of our assets as calculated pursuant to the legislation exceeds a certain threshold amount. A reviewable acquisition may not proceed unless the relevant Minister (of Canada's federal government) is satisfied that the investment is likely to be a net benefit to Canada. This could prevent or delay a change of control and may eliminate or limit strategic opportunities for shareholders to sell their common shares.
5.1 Dividends
We currently intend to retain any future earnings to fund the development and growth of our business and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination to pay dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon many factors, including our results of operations, capital requirements and other factors that our board of directors deems relevant. There are no restrictions in our articles preventing us from declaring dividends or paying dividends to our shareholders. We have not paid any dividends during our last three financial years.
ARTICLE 6: DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE
6.1 General Description of Capital Structure
We are authorized to issue an unlimited number of common shares. The holders of our common shares are entitled to vote at all meetings of our shareholders, and each common share carries the right to one vote in person or by proxy. The holders of the common shares are also entitled to receive any dividends declared by us, and to receive our remaining property upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up.
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ARTICLE 7: MARKET FOR SECURITIES
7.1 Trading Price and Volume
Our common shares are publicly traded on the TSX under the symbol "DWI". Trading of the common shares on the TSX and AIM commenced with the closing of our initial public offering on April 19, 2007. As described in Article 2, our common shares ceased trading on AIM as at January 5, 2009.
Our common shares are also traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol "DRWI". Trading of our common shares on NASDAQ commenced on October 15, 2009.
The volume of trading and price ranges of our common shares on the TSX and NASDAQ for the fiscal year ending February 28, 2011 are set out in the following table:
| |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DWI.TO Common Shares—TSX | DRWI.NSDQ Common Shares—NASDAQ | |||||||||||
Month | Price Range (CAD) | Average Daily Volume | Price Range (USD) | Average Daily Volume | |||||||||
March 2010 | 9.15–12.61 | 788,684 | 9.00–12.08 | 1,410,921 | |||||||||
April 2010 | 8.36–10.35 | 371,945 | 8.27–10.28 | 788,685 | |||||||||
May 2010 | 5.68–8.66 | 581,671 | 5.34–8.59 | 1,242,286 | |||||||||
June 2010 | 5.71–6.62 | 109,487 | 5.37–6.45 | 343,613 | |||||||||
July 2010 | 4.95–6.52 | 250,424 | 4.70–6.34 | 612,963 | |||||||||
August 2010 | 5.93–6.75 | 91,709 | 5.70–6.60 | 241,656 | |||||||||
September 2010 | 6.47–7.55 | 106,870 | 6.14–7.34 | 259,583 | |||||||||
October 2010 | 6.36–8.60 | 222,582 | 6.26–8.49 | 635,137 | |||||||||
November 2010 | 6.96–8.72 | 203,318 | 6.85–8.69 | 623,668 | |||||||||
December 2010 | 7.88–9.20 | 106,493 | 7.74–9.14 | 386,923 | |||||||||
January 2011 | 7.12–8.88 | 134,307 | 7.12–8.90 | 756,974 | |||||||||
February 2011 | 7.05–8.20 | 100,954 | 7.14–8.26 | 404,521 |
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ARTICLE 8: ESCROWED SECURITIES AND SECURITIES SUBJECT TO CONTRACTUAL RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER
8.1 Securities Subject to Contractual Restriction on Transfer
The following table contains certain information with respect to our common shares that are subject to contractual restriction on transfer as at February 28, 2011:
SECURITIES SUBJECT TO CONTRACTUAL RESTRICTION ON TRANSFER | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Designation of Class | Number of Securities that are Subject to a Contractual Restriction on Transfer | Percentage of Class | |||
Common Shares—Restricted Share Plan | Nil | 0% | |||
Common Shares—Employee Share Purchase Plan | 6,287(1) | 0.0177% |
Note (1): Represents the unvested portion of Restricted Shares issued and outstanding as at February 28, 2011. The contractual restriction lapses based on continued employment with the Company. All restrictions will have lapsed by February 28, 2012.
ARTICLE 9: DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
9.1 Name, Occupation and Security Holding
Our directors as at February 28, 2011 were as follows:
Name and Municipality of Residence | Principal Occupation | Director Since | Holdings of Outstanding Common Shares | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PETER ALLEN Ottawa, Ontario, Canada | Chief Executive Officer, DragonWave Inc. | March 4, 2004 | 444,736 common shares | |||
JEAN-PAUL COSSART(1)(2) Versailles, France | Associate Director, Infoteria of France | June 9, 2009 | nil | |||
RUSSELL FREDERICK Ottawa, Ontario, Canada | Vice-President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary, DragonWave Inc. | March 23, 2007 | 75,350 common shares | |||
CLAUDE HAW(1)(2)(3) Ottawa, Ontario, Canada | President and Chief Executive Officer of the Ottawa Centre for Research and Innovation | November 10, 2003 | nil | |||
TOM MANLEY(1)(3) Ottawa, Ontario, Canada | Retired | December 1, 2009 | nil |
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Name and Municipality of Residence | Principal Occupation | Director Since | Holdings of Outstanding Common Shares | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TERENCE MATTHEWS Ottawa, Ontario, Canada | Chairman, Wesley Clover International Corporation | March 30, 2000 | 883,193 common shares(4) | |||
GERRY SPENCER(2)(3) Kingswood, Surrey, U.K. | Retired | February 3, 2006 | nil |
- (1)
- Audit committee members are Tom Manley (Chair), Claude Haw, and Jean-Paul Cossart
- (2)
- Compensation committee members are Claude Haw (Chair), Jean-Paul Cossart and Gerry Spencer
- (3)
- Nominating and governance committee members are Gerry Spencer (Chair), Tom Manley and Claude Haw.
- (4)
- Sir Terence Matthews controls Wesley Clover International Corporation and Wesley Clover Corporation, which together own 883,193 common shares.
Our directors, as at the date of this Annual Information Form, are as set forth above. Each of our directors holds office until the next annual meeting of shareholders or until his successor is duly elected or appointed, unless his office becomes vacant by resignation, death, removal or other cause.
Our directors and executive officers, as a group, beneficially own, or control or direct, directly or indirectly, a total of 1,875,879 common shares, representing 5.3% of the total outstanding common shares as of the date of this Annual Information Form.
Our executive officers as at February 28, 2011 were as follows:
Name and Municipality of Residence | Offices with the Company | |
---|---|---|
PETER ALLEN Ottawa, Ontario, Canada | President, Chief Executive Officer and Director | |
RUSSELL FREDERICK Ottawa, Ontario, Canada | Chief Financial Officer, Vice President and Secretary | |
ERIK BOCH Ottawa, Ontario, Canada | Vice President, R&D and Chief Technology Officer | |
DAVID FARRAR Ottawa, Ontario, Canada | Vice President, Operations | |
GREG FRIESEN Ottawa, Ontario, Canada | Vice President, Product Line Management | |
BRIAN MCCORMACK Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A. | Vice President, Sales | |
TOM MCLELLAN Ottawa, Ontario, Canada | Vice President, Customer Service | |
ALAN SOLHEIM Ottawa, Ontario, Canada | Vice President, Corporate Development |
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Our executive officers, as at the date of this Annual Information Form, are as set forth above.
As at the date of this Annual Information Form, our Board of Directors has three committees: the audit committee, the compensation committee and the nominating and governance committee. Detailed information regarding the mandate and procedures of the audit committee can be found below at Article 15, "Audit Committee", as required by National Instrument 52-110—Audit Committees promulgated under applicable securities legislation.
We have also established a disclosure committee composed of members of management, namely Peter Allen and Russell Frederick.
The principal occupations of our directors and executive officers, as at February 28, 2011 and for at least the five preceding years, are as follows:
Directors
Jean-Paul Cossart, Director: Jean-Paul Cossart is an Associate Director of Infoteria of France, a company that provides technological coaching. He has held this position since 2004. Prior to this Mr. Cossart was Vice President Strategy and Marketing of Cofratel since 2002, a company that provides PBX and LAN integration for the enterprise market and was a subsidiary of France Telecom. Mr. Cossart also held several positions at Alcatel-CIT (Paris, France). Mr. Cossart's experience has spanned service provider, corporate and consumer markets; telephony, data/internet and broadcast services; and international development, global sales and marketing. He is also a member of the executive committee of the French chapter of the Institute of Directors, United Kingdom. Mr. Cossart is also on the board of directors of Mitel Networks Corporation and has been a member of its audit committee since 2008. Mr. Cossart holds an electronic engineering degree from Supélec (Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité) in Paris, France.
Claude Haw, Director: Claude Haw is President, Chief Executive Officer and a board member of the Ottawa Centre for Research and Innovation, Ottawa's leading economic development organization. He is also the founder and managing partner of Venture Coaches Fund L.P. ("Venture Coaches"), an Ottawa based venture capital firm providing venture capital for technology companies. From 2003 to early 2007, Mr. Haw was also a general partner at Skypoint Capital Corporation, an Ottawa based venture capital firm. Prior to Venture Coaches, Mr. Haw held a number of executive positions at Newbridge Networks Corporation ("Newbridge"), including Vice President of Corporate Business Development. In this role, he managed strategic investment programs in more than 20 companies. Mr. Haw has also held senior management positions at Mitel Networks Corporation and Leigh Instruments Ltd. Mr. Haw holds a bachelor of electrical engineering degree from Lakehead University in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada and has completed the Canadian Securities Course.
Tom Manley, Director: Mr. Manley is a software and telecommunications senior executive with more than 25 years of global experience in a variety of leadership roles. A private investor, he served as the chief financial officer of Avaya Inc., a leading global provider of business communications applications, systems and services, from July 2008 to May 2009. Prior to this position and beginning in 2001, Mr. Manley was the Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President, Administration of Cognos (an IBM company), a leader in business intelligence and performance management solutions. Before joining Cognos, Mr. Manley spent 18 years with Nortel Networks, most recently as Chief Financial Officer for the High Performance Optical Component Solutions Group. Mr. Manley graduated with distinction from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada where he received his B.S. in engineering. He received his M.B.A from Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Mr. Manley currently holds a seat on both, the board of directors, and audit committee of Deltek Inc., a public company listed on the NASDAQ, as well as Red Prairie, a privately held software provider located in the United States.
Dr. Terence Matthews, Director: Terence Matthews is Chairman of Wesley Clover International Corporation, March Networks Corporation ("March Networks"), Mitel Networks Corporation ("Mitel"), Bridgewater
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Systems Corporation and Solace Systems, Inc. Prior to March Networks and Mitel, Mr. Matthews founded Newbridge in 1986 where he served as CEO and Chairman until its acquisition by Alcatel of France (now Alcatel-Lucent) in May 2000. At Newbridge, Mr. Matthews built the company into a leader in the worldwide data networking industry. Mr. Matthews also co-founded Mitel Corporation in 1972. A Fellow of the Institution of Electrical Engineers and the University of Wales, Mr. Matthews received an honorary doctor of technology degree from the University of Glamorgan, Wales and an honorary doctor of engineering degree from Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. In May 1994, he was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire.
Gerry Spencer, Director (Chair): Gerry Spencer retired as a Senior Vice President of BT plc (British Telecommunications plc) in late 2000 after a career of nearly 30 years in finance, product management, marketing, sales and business development. During his later years with BT, he served on the board of BT Global Services, with particular responsibility for International Wholesale and Marketing. Since retiring, Mr. Spencer has fulfilled consulting advisory and board roles in various fields, including international wholesale strategy and profitability, local networking, network equipment supply and business customer equipment and applications. Mr. Spencer is a graduate of Cambridge University in the United Kingdom.
Peter Allen andRussell Frederick are also directors and their biographical information is set out below.
Executive Officers
Peter Allen, President and Chief Executive Officer: Prior to joining DragonWave in 2004, Peter Allen was President and CEO of Innovance Inc. ("Innovance"), a private reconfigurable optical networking company. Prior to 2000, Peter was the Vice President of Business Development for the Optical Networks Division of Nortel Networks Limited ("Nortel"), holding leadership responsibility for Nortel's optical components business as well as business development responsibility for system activities. At Nortel, Peter led a 5,000-employee global operation spanning R&D, manufacturing and sales and marketing. Peter has also held managerial positions at Ford Motor and Rothmans International plc, and has lived and worked in North America, Europe and Africa.
Russell Frederick, Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary: Prior to joining DragonWave in 2004, Russell Frederick was the Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Wavesat Wireless Inc. ("Wavesat"), between 2000 and 2003. Prior to Wavesat, Russell was the Chief Financial Officer of PRIOR Data Sciences Ltd. ("PRIOR"), from 1994 to 2000, where he played a key role in the management buy-out and subsequent sale of the company. Prior to his time with PRIOR, Russell was employed with Digital Equipment Ltd. of Canada in various financial roles. Russell holds a master of business administration degree in finance, as well as a bachelor of science degree from McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Erik Boch, Founder, Vice President, R&D and Chief Technology Officer: Prior to co-founding DragonWave in February 2000, Erik Boch held senior engineering or technical management positions at a number of communications and aerospace companies, namely Litton Systems Canada Ltd., ComDev International Ltd., Lockheed Martin Corporation and Newbridge (since acquired by Alcatel Canada, Inc.). While at Newbridge, Erik was Assistant Vice President of the Wireless Systems Group. Erik has been involved in various aspects of microwave and millimetre wave subsystem and system design for more than 22 years. Erik led the R&D team at Newbridge that introduced the first ATM-based fixed wireless access system in our industry. Erik has been published extensively in major networking publications, including Telephony, Microwave Journal, Wireless Review, Internet Telephony and America's Network. Erik holds several approved radio frequency ("RF") design patents and numerous patents pending. Erik holds a bachelor and a masters degree in electrical engineering from Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada and is a registered professional engineer.
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David Farrar, Founder & Vice President, Operations: Prior to co-founding DragonWave in February 2000, David Farrar was employed by Newbridge, where he held senior management positions in product management, R&D, operations, and information technology. Prior to joining Newbridge, David was Director of Engineering at Synapse Corporation, a private data communications design company, and an Engineering Manager at Mitel. David holds a bachelor of science in electrical engineering from the University of Waterloo in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Greg Friesen, Vice President, Product Management: Prior to joining DragonWave in 2004, Greg held senior product management, business development, network design and planning roles, at a number of communications firms, including Innovance (2000-2004), Nortel (1997-2000), and Fundy Telecom (1996). As Senior Product Manager at Innovance he was responsible for all product definition, architecture, and network design. He has been involved in the planning and engineering of over 10 nationwide network deployments. Greg has authored numerous papers and magazine articles in publications including Microwave Journal, Telecommunications, Xchange, Telephony Online, Last Mile, AGL, Radio World, and has spoken at numerous industry conferences such as WiMax World, CTIA, Telecom Next, ISPCon and UTC. Greg holds two granted patents in the networking area. Greg holds a bachelor of science in Electrical Engineering from the University of Saskatchewan in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
Brian McCormack, Vice President, Sales: Prior to joining DragonWave in 2003, Brian McCormack held senior sales and marketing positions at SS8 Networks, Inc. (2002 to 2003), Teem Photonics Corporation (2001 to 2002), TelOptica Inc. (2001) and Avici Systems Inc. ("Avici") (now Soapstone Networks Inc.) (1999 to 2001). At Avici, a recognized leader in the carrier-class switch/router market, Brian was Senior Vice President of Worldwide Sales. Prior to 1999, Brian held senior sales and marketing positions at Nortel Networks Inc., Cisco Systems, Inc. and DSC/Alcatel (now Alcatel USA Inc.). Brian holds a bachelor of arts degree from St. Anselm College in Manchester, New Hampshire, United States.
Tom McLellan, Vice President, Customer Service: Tom joined DragonWave in February 2010, to lead the Services and Customer Support Team. Prior to joining DragonWave, Tom spent close to 30 years with Nortel, in a diverse number of roles. He ran the Global Product Support team for several years, an organization of 1200 people worldwide supporting all aspects of Nortel's product portfolio, Optical, Wireless and Carrier Wireline to Enterprise IP. During his tenure at Nortel he also held roles at Bell Northern Research as Director of its Carrier Platform business, as well as Project Management and Verification roles, managing teams in a wide number of locations, including Raleigh, North Carolina, Dallas, Texas and Santa Clara, California in the U.S., Istanbul, Maidenhead in the United Kingdom and Beijing, China.
Dr. Alan Solheim, Vice President, Corporate Development: Prior to joining DragonWave in 2005, Alan Solheim was Chief Technology Officer at Innovance (2000-2004). Prior to Innovance, Alan was a Vice President at Nortel Networks Inc., responsible for market strategy in the metro transport group. Alan has extensive experience in the telecommunications industry, notably working on six generations of fiber optic transmission systems, and was the system design authority for Nortel's OC-192 program. Alan holds over 50 patents and is the principal or co-author of numerous papers published in respected industry journals. Alan holds a doctoral degree in electrical engineering from the University of Waterloo in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada and a bachelor degree in engineering from the University of Saskatchewan in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
9.2 Cease Trade Orders, Bankruptcies, Penalties or Sanctions
Peter Allen, one of our directors and our President and Chief Executive Officer, was a director and the President of Innovance, a private, venture capital funded company that developed photonics networking solutions. Alan Solheim, our Vice President, Corporate Development, was the Chief Technology Officer of Innovance. On December 23, 2003, Innovance filed a Notice of Intent to make a proposal pursuant to Part III of theBankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada) (the "BIA"). PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
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consented to act as proposal trustee. On July 12, 2004, a majority of the creditors of Innovance voted to accept the proposal, and the proposal received court approval on September 16, 2004. The proposal trustee reported in the applicable court materials that there was no conduct of Innovance that was subject to censure, and no irregular facts to report in accordance with Section 173 of the BIA.
Gerry Spencer, the Chair of our board of directors, was the non-executive Chairman of an AIM-listed company, AT Communications Group plc ("ATC"), beginning in mid-2005. On April 15, 2009, Mr. Spencer announced his intention to step down from the board of ATC, with his resignation to be made effective at ATC's annual general meeting, which was held on May 28, 2009. In fact, he stood down at a meeting of the board of directors on April 27, 2009, which was announced by ATC on April 30, 2009. On June 1, 2009, ATC announced a significant delay of revenue from a major customer. On June 24, 2009, ATC announced that it had received notice of a possible claim under the warranties in a sale and purchase agreement relating to the disposal of a wholly-owned subsidiary of ATC in March, 2009. In connection with the delay of revenue and the possible claim, ATC announced that it had requested, and received, a suspension, with immediate effect, of the trading of its shares on AIM, pending clarification of ATC's financial position. On August 3, 2009, ATC announced the appointment of Grant Thornton UK LLP as administrators of ATC. On August 4, 2009, Daisy Group plc, an AIM-listed company, announced that its wholly-owned subsidiary had entered into agreements to acquire all of the trading assets of ATC. On August 23, 2009, The Sunday Times (U.K. edition) reported that the London Stock Exchange has launched an investigation into ATC following disclosures of accounting discrepancies. Mr. Spencer has advised us that he is not aware of any further developments at this time.
None of our directors or officers has been subject to a corporate cease trade or similar order.
ARTICLE 10: INTERESTS OF MANAGEMENT AND OTHERS
IN MATERIAL TRANSACTIONS
No person or company, for which we are required under National Instrument 51-102—Continuous Disclosure Obligations to disclose such information, has any material interest, direct or indirect, in any transaction completed in the three most recently completed financial years or the current financial year that has materially affected, or is reasonably expected to materially affect, the Company. The following items are not material to the Company and are only disclosed in the interest of providing full information about the Company.
Kanata Research Park Corporation
Our principal office at 411 Legget Drive, Ottawa, Ontario is leased by us from Kanata Research Park Corporation ("KRPC") pursuant to a lease dated February 14, 2000, as most recently amended on November 29, 2010. The term of this lease expires on November 30, 2011. We currently lease approximately 33,286 square feet of rentable space. Aggregate lease payments (base rent and all other rent and charges) are approximately $809,086 per annum.
We also lease a warehouse facility at 362 Terry Fox Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, from KRPC pursuant to a lease dated August 30, 2006, as most recently amended on November 29, 2010. The term of this lease expires on October 31, 2011. These premises consist of approximately 20,734 square feet of rentable space. Aggregate annual lease payments (base rent and all other rent and charges) are approximately $467,571.
Additional warehouse space (12,150 square feet) located at 349 Terry Fox Drive, has been leased from KRPC on a six-month lease effective February 1, 2008 and month-to-month thereafter. Total rent payments for the current year are estimated at $125,084.
We believe that the terms of our leases reflect fair market terms and payment provisions at the times that the leases were negotiated. KRPC is a corporation indirectly owned by Terence Matthews, one of our directors.
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BreconRidge Corporation
On November 4, 2005, we entered into a supply agreement (the "Supply Agreement") with BreconRidge Corporation ("BreconRidge"). During the Company's fiscal year ended February 28, 2010, Mr. Matthews held a maximum of 21.2% of the shares of Breconridge. On April 28, 2010, Breconridge and Sanmina-SCI ("Sanmina") jointly announced in a news release that Breconridge had entered into a definitive agreement to be acquired by Sanmina. The acquisition subsequently closed on May 28, 2010. Mr. Matthews has confirmed that as a result of the Sanmina acquisition he no longer has any ownership interest in Breconridge or Sanmina.
Pursuant to the Supply Agreement, BreconRidge (and now Sanmina) agreed to provide us with production and pre-production products and related services which included prototype development and manufacturing, pre-production and production product manufacturing for materials by way of purchase orders and forecasts from us. We negotiated the terms of the Supply Agreement on an arm's-length basis and we believe that the terms reflect market terms and payment provisions. We have no minimum purchase commitments pursuant to the Supply Agreement. Upon our request, Sanmina provides us with price quotations for pre-production and production products and services. If such quotation is acceptable to us, we then issue purchase orders to Sanmina based on the pricing set forth in the quotation. The Supply Agreement provides that, so long as we have established approved credit terms with Sanmina, purchase orders submitted by us are paid within 30 days from the date of invoice. The term of the Supply Agreement is continuous until termination. Either we or Sanmina may terminate the Supply Agreement on 30 days notice.
It is common in our industry to receive notices alleging patent infringement arising in the normal course of business. We have set up internal procedures to deal with such notices, which include assessing the merits of each notice and seeking, where appropriate, a business resolution. Where a business resolution cannot be reached, litigation may be necessary. The ultimate outcome of any litigation is uncertain, and regardless of outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on our business because of defense costs, negative publicity, diversion of management resources and other factors. Our failure to obtain any necessary license or other rights on commercially reasonable terms or litigation arising out of intellectual property claims could materially adversely affect our business. Except as set forth below, for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2011 and as of the date of this Annual Information Form, we are not party to any litigation that we believe is material to our business.
ARTICLE 12: TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR
The transfer agent and registrar for our common shares is Computershare Investor Services Inc. at its principal offices at 100 University Avenue, 9th Floor, North Tower, Toronto, Ontario, M5J 2Y1, Canada.
ARTICLE 13: MATERIAL CONTRACTS
On January 29, 2009, our board of directors approved a Shareholder Rights Plan Agreement (the "Rights Plan") between us and Computershare Investor Services Inc. which is designed to encourage the fair and equal treatment of our shareholders in connection with any take-over bid for our outstanding securities. The Rights Plan is intended to provide our board of directors with adequate time to assess a take-over bid, to consider alternatives to a take-over bid as a means of maximizing shareholder value, to allow competing bids to emerge, and to provide our shareholders with adequate time to properly assess a take-over bid without undue pressure.
Under the terms of the Rights Plan, one right (a "Right") was issued by us in respect of each outstanding common share at the close of business on January 29, 2009 and one Right will be issued in respect of each of our common shares issued thereafter (subject to the terms of the Rights Plan). The Rights issued under
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the Rights Plan become exercisable only if a person acquires or announces its intention to acquire 25% or more of our common shares without complying with the "permitted bid" provisions of the Rights Plan or without the approval of our board of directors. Should such an acquisition occur, Rights holders (other than the acquiring person or related persons) can effectively purchase $2 worth of common shares for $1 at the time the Rights become exercisable.
The shareholder rights plan was ratified by shareholders on June 9, 2009 and is still in effect. The complete Rights Plan is available on SEDAR atwww.sedar.com.
There are no contracts, other than those disclosed in this Annual Information Form and other than those not required to be disclosed under applicable securities laws, that are material to us and which were entered into in the financial year ended February 28, 2011 or before the financial year ended February 28, 2011 but are still in effect as of the date of this Annual Information Form.
14.1 Names of Experts
Our consolidated financial statements for the year ended February 28, 2011 (the "Financial Statements") filed under National Instrument 51-102—Continuous Disclosure Obligations have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP ("E&Y"). The Financial Statements can be found on SEDAR atwww.sedar.com.
14.2 Interests of Experts
Our auditors, E&Y, report that they are independent of the Company in accordance with the rules of professional conduct of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Ontario.
15.1 Audit Committee Charter
Attached to this Annual Information Form asSchedule 15.1 is the charter for the audit committee of our board of directors.
15.2 Composition of the Audit Committee
The members of the audit committee are Tom Manley (Chair), Jean-Paul Cossart and Claude Haw. Each member of the audit committee is independent and financially literate as determined under National Instrument 52-110—Audit Committees, and Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act and NASDAQ Rule 5605(a)(2).
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15.3 Relevant Education and Experience of Members of the Audit Committee
| | |
---|---|---|
Name | Relevant Education and Experience | |
Tom Manley (Chair) | Mr. Manley is a software and telecommunications senior executive with more than 25 years of global experience in a variety of leadership roles. A private investor, he served as the Chief Financial Officer of Avaya Inc., a leading global provider of business communications applications, systems and services, from July 2008 to May 2009. Prior to this position and beginning in 2001, Mr. Manley was the Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President, Administration of Cognos (an IBM company), a leader in business intelligence and performance management solutions. Before joining Cognos, Mr. Manley spent 18 years with Nortel Networks, most recently as Chief Financial Officer for the High Performance Optical Component Solutions Group. Mr. Manley graduated with distinction from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada where he received his B.S. in engineering. He received his M.B.A from Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Mr. Manley currently holds a seat on both, the board of directors, and audit committee of Deltek Inc., a public company listed on the NASDAQ, as well as Red Prairie, a privately held software provider located in the United States. |
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| | |
---|---|---|
Name | Relevant Education and Experience | |
Claude Haw | Claude Haw is president and chief executive officer of the Ottawa Centre for Research and Innovation, Ottawa's lead economic development organization. He is also founder and managing partner of Venture Coaches Services Ltd., an Ottawa-based venture capital firm providing venture capital for technology companies. He has served as president and board member of Venture Coaches Services Limited, Venture Coaches Limited and Venture Coaches Capital Corporation since 2000. From 2003 to early 2007, Claude was also a general partner at Skypoint Capital Corporation, an Ottawa-based venture capital firm. Prior to Venture Coaches Services Ltd., Claude held a number of executive positions at Newbridge, including general manager, ATMnet Business Unit where he had profit and loss responsibility for the global unit. In addition at Newbridge, he also had the position of vice-president of corporate business development where he managed the strategic investment programs for more than 20 companies. Claude has also held senior management positions at Mitel Corporation and Leigh Instruments Ltd. Claude holds a bachelor of electrical engineering degree from Lakehead University in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada and has completed the Canadian Securities Course. Claude served as a board member of Meriton Networks Corporation from 2000 to 2008 (also compensation committee and chairman from 2002), TrueContext Corporation from 2003 to 2007 (compensation and audit committees), Mindtrust Inc. from 2001 to 2009, Elliptic Semiconductor from 2008 to 2009 and 3324699 Canada Inc. (Severn Bridge Investments) from 1998 to 2009. He has also served as a board member for Accedian Networks (also audit and compensation committees), Spotwave Networks, Teradici Corporation (also compensation committee), TimeStep Corporation, The Ottawa Network and the Canadian Venture Capital Association (CVCA). Claude has been a member of the compensation and audit committees at DragonWave since November 2003 and is also a member of the nominating and governance committee. |
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| | |
---|---|---|
Name | Relevant Education and Experience | |
Jean-Paul Cossart | Jean-Paul Cossart is an Associate Director of Infoteria of France, a company that provides technological coaching. He has held this position since 2004. Prior to this Mr. Cossart was Vice President Strategy and Marketing of Cofratel since 2002, a company that provides PBX and LAN integration for the enterprise market and was a subsidiary of France Telecom. Mr. Cossart also held several positions at Alcatel-CIT (Paris, France). Mr. Cossart's experience has spanned service provider, corporate and consumer markets; telephony, data/internet and broadcast services; and international development, global sales and marketing. He is also a member of the executive committee of the French chapter of the Institute of Directors, United Kingdom. Mr. Cossart has been an executive advisor to DragonWave since 2007. Mr. Cossart is also on the board of directors of Mitel Networks Corporation. Mr. Cossart holds an electronic engineering degree from Supélec (Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité) in Paris. |
15.4 Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures
The audit committee has delegated to the Chair of the committee the authority to act on behalf of the committee between meetings of the committee with respect to the pre-approval of audit and permitted non-audit services provided by E&Y from time to time. The Chair reports on any such pre-approval at each meeting of the committee.
15.5 External Auditor Service Fees
Audit Fees
The aggregate fees billed by E&Y in each of the last two fiscal years for audit services were $281,773 in fiscal year 2011 and $346,076 in fiscal year 2010. During these years, E&Y was our only external auditor.
Audit-Related Fees
The aggregate fees billed in each of the last two fiscal years for assurance and related services by E&Y that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our financial statements and that are not excluded in the above paragraph were $58,014 in fiscal year 2011 and $113,372 in fiscal year 2010.
Tax Fees
The aggregate fees billed in each of the last two fiscal years for professional services rendered by E&Y for tax compliance and tax advice were $43,139 in fiscal year 2011 and $34,965 in fiscal year 2010. The nature of the services comprising these fees was advice regarding regulatory tax work and public filings.
All Other Fees & Administrative charges
The aggregate fees billed in each of the last two fiscal years for professional services rendered by E&Y for other & administrative charges were $86,989 in fiscal year 2011 and $68,260 in fiscal year 2010. The nature of the services comprising these fees was advice regarding acquisition-related activity.
The following table sets out the fees billed to us by E&Y and its affiliates for professional services for the year ended February 28, 2011 and the year ended February 28, 2010. During these years, E&Y was our only external auditor.
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The aggregate fees billed by E&Y were as follows:
| Year ended February 28, 2011 | Year ended February 28, 2010 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Audit Fees | 281,773 | 346,076 | |||||
Audit Related Fees | 58,014 | 113,372 | |||||
Tax Fees | 43,139 | 34,965 | |||||
All Other Fees and Adminsitrative Charges | 86,989 | 68,260 | |||||
TOTAL | 469,915 | 562,673 | |||||
ARTICLE 16: ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Additional financial information is provided in our Financial Statements and management's discussion and analysis for the year ended February 28, 2011.
A copy of the above-mentioned Financial Statements and management's discussion and analysis for the year ended February 28, 2011, as well as this Annual Information Form, may be found on SEDAR atwww.sedar.com and otherwise may be obtained upon request from Investor Relations, at our head office:
DragonWave Inc.
Suite 600-411 Legget Drive
Ottawa, Ontario K2K 3C9
Telephone Investor Relations: 1-613-599-9991
Fax: 1-613-599-4225
Director of Investor Relations: John Lawlor
E-Mail:investor@dragonwaveinc.com
Additional information, including directors' and officers' remuneration and indebtedness, principal holders of our securities and securities authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plans will be contained in our Management Information Circular to be distributed in advance of the next annual general meeting of shareholders.
Additional information relating to us may also be found on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and at our website atwww.dragonwaveinc.com.
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SCHEDULE 15.1
DRAGONWAVE INC.
AUDIT COMMITTEE CHARTER
1. Policy Statement
It is the policy of DragonWave Inc. (the "Corporation") to establish and maintain an audit committee (the "Audit Committee") to assist the directors (individually a "Director" and collectively the "Board") of the Corporation in carrying out the Board's oversight responsibility for the accounting, internal controls, financial reporting, audits of financial statements and risk management processes of the Corporation.
The Audit Committee shall be provided with resources commensurate with the duties and responsibilities assigned to it by the Board including appropriate administrative support. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Corporation shall provide for appropriate funding, as determined by the Audit Committee in its capacity as a committee of the Board, for payment of: (a) compensation to any registered public accounting firm engaged for the purpose of preparing or issuing an audit report or performing other audit, review or attest services for Corporation; (b) compensation to any advisers employed by the Audit Committee under section 4(c)(iii) of this Charter; and (c) ordinary administrative expenses of the Audit Committee that are necessary or appropriate in carrying out its duties.
If determined appropriate by the Audit Committee, it shall have the discretion to institute investigations of improprieties, or suspected improprieties within the scope of its responsibilities, including the standing authority to retain special counsel or other experts. The Audit Committee shall have unrestricted access to the Corporation's external auditors, is authorized to seek any information that it requires from any employee and all employees are directed to co-operate with any request made by the Audit Committee.
2. Composition of Committee
- (a)
- The Audit Committee shall be established by a resolution of the Board. The Audit Committee shall consist of a minimum of three (3) Directors. The Board shall appoint the members of the Audit Committee and may seek the advice and assistance of the Nominating and Governance Committee in identifying qualified candidates. The Board shall appoint one member of the Audit Committee to be the Chairman of the Audit Committee.
- (b)
- All of the members of the Audit Committee shall be Directors who are independent within the meaning of National Instrument 52-110 (Audit Committees) ("NI 52-110"), Rule 10A-3(b)(1) under the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the rules of any stock exchange or market on which the Corporation's shares are listed or posted for trading (collectively, "Applicable Governance Rules"). In this Charter, the term "independent" includes the meanings given to similar terms by Applicable Governance Rules, including the terms "non-executive", "outside" and "unrelated" to the extent such terms are applicable under Applicable Governance Rules. No member of the Audit Committee shall have participated in the preparation of the financial statements of the Corporation or any current subsidiary of the Corporation at any time during the past three (3) years.
- (c)
- All members of the Audit Committee must be able to read and understand fundamental financial statements (including a balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement) and read and understand a set of financial statements that present a breadth and level of complexity of accounting issues that are generally comparable to the breadth and level of complexity of the issues that can reasonably be expected to be raised by the Corporation's financial statements. In addition: (i) at least one member of the Audit Committee must have past employment experience in finance or accounting, requisite professional certification in accounting or any other comparable experience or background that results in the individual's financial sophistication, including service as a chief
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executive officer, chief financial officer, or other senior officer with financial oversight responsibilities or otherwise satisfy standards for financial expertise required for audit committees of companies listed on the NASDAQ Stock Market., and (ii) at least one member of the Audit Committee must be an "audit committee financial expert" as defined by the applicable rules set out by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or any other applicable regulatory authority.
- (d)
- A Director appointed by the Board to the Audit Committee shall be a member of the Audit Committee until replaced by the Board or until his or her resignation.
- (e)
- If an Audit Committee member serves on the audit committees of more than three public corporations, including the Corporation, the Board must determine that such service would not impair the ability of the member to effectively serve on the Audit Committee and disclose such determination in the annual proxy circular.
3. Meetings of the Committee
- (a)
- The Audit Committee shall convene a minimum of four times each year at such times and places as may be determined by the Chairman of the Audit Committee, and whenever a meeting is requested by the Board, a member of the Audit Committee, the auditors or senior management of the Corporation. Scheduled meetings of the Audit Committee shall correspond with the review of the quarterly and year-end financial statements and management discussion and analysis.
- (b)
- Notice of each meeting of the Audit Committee shall be given to each member of the Audit Committee and to the auditors of the Corporation, who shall be entitled to attend each meeting of the Audit Committee and shall attend whenever requested to do so by a member of the Audit Committee.
- (c)
- Notice of a meeting of the Audit Committee shall:
- (i)
- be in writing, which includes electronic communication facilities;
- (ii)
- state the nature of the business to be transacted at the meeting in reasonable detail;
- (iii)
- to the extent practicable, be accompanied by a copy of any documentation to be considered at the meeting; and
- (iv)
- be given at least two business days prior to the time stipulated for the meeting or such shorter period as the members of the Audit Committee may permit.
- (d)
- A quorum for the transaction of business at a meeting of the Audit Committee shall consist of a majority of the members of the Audit Committee. However, it shall be the practice of the Audit Committee to require review, and, if necessary, approval of important matters by all members of the Audit Committee.
- (e)
- A member or members of the Audit Committee may participate in a meeting of the Audit Committee by means of such telephonic, electronic or other communication facilities as permits all persons participating in the meeting to communicate with each other. A member participating in such a meeting by any such means is deemed to be present at the meeting.
- (f)
- In the absence of the Chairman of the Audit Committee, the members of the Audit Committee shall choose one of the members present to be chairman of the meeting. In addition, the members of the Audit Committee shall choose one of the persons present to be the secretary of the meeting.
- (g)
- The Audit Committee may invite such persons to attend meetings of the Audit Committee as the Audit Committee considers appropriate, except to the extent exclusion of certain persons is required pursuant to this Charter or by applicable laws.
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- (h)
- The Audit Committee may invite the external auditors to be present at any meeting of the Audit Committee and to comment on any financial statements, or on any of the financial aspects, of the Corporation.
- (i)
- The Audit Committee (i) shall meet with the external auditors separately from individuals other than the Audit Committee and (ii) may meet separately with management of the Corporation.
- (j)
- Minutes shall be kept of all meetings of the Audit Committee and shall be signed by the chairman and the secretary of the meeting. The chairman of the Audit Committee shall circulate the minutes of the meetings of the Audit Committee to all members of the Board.
4. Duties and Responsibilities of the Committee
- (a)
- The Audit Committee, in its capacity as a committee of the Board, is directly responsible for the appointment (through nomination to the shareholders), compensation, retention and oversight of the work of any registered public accounting firm engaged (including resolution of disagreements between management and the auditor regarding financial reporting) for the purpose of preparing or issuing an audit report or performing other audit, review or attest services for the Corporation (the "external auditor"), and each such external auditor must report directly to the Audit Committee. Specifically, the Audit Committee will select, evaluate and nominate the external auditor to be proposed for appointment or reappointment, as the case may be, by the shareholders, and will have responsibility for determining at any time whether the Board should recommend to the Corporation's shareholders whether the incumbent external auditor shall be removed from office.
- (b)
- The other primary duties and responsibilities of the Audit Committee are to:
- (i)
- identify and monitor the management of the principal risks that could impact the financial reporting of the Corporation;
- (ii)
- monitor the integrity of the Corporation's financial reporting process and system of internal controls regarding financial reporting and accounting compliance;
- (iii)
- monitor the independence, objectivity and performance of the external auditors, including, without limitation: (A) ensuring the Committee's receipt from the external auditors at least annually of a formal written statement delineating all relationships between the auditors and the Corporation; (B) actively engaging in dialogue with the external auditors with respect to any disclosed relationships or services that may impact the objectivity and independence of the auditor; and (C) taking, or recommending that the Board take, appropriate action to oversee the independence of the external auditors;
- (iv)
- evaluate the performance of the external auditors at least annually;
- (v)
- deal directly with the external auditors to approve external audit plans, other services (if any) and fees;
- (vi)
- directly oversee the external audit process and results (in addition to items described in subsection 4(e) below);
- (vii)
- provide an avenue of communication between the external auditors, management and the Board;
- (viii)
- review annually with management of the Corporation the anti-fraud and risk assessment programs of the Corporation;
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- (ix)
- carry out a review designed to ensure that an effective "whistle blowing" procedure exists to permit stakeholders to express any concerns regarding accounting or financial matters to an appropriately independent individual; and
- (x)
- oversee all pension and retirement benefit plans if and when established.
- (c)
- The Audit Committee shall have the authority to:
- (i)
- inspect any and all of the books and records of the Corporation and its subsidiaries;
- (ii)
- discuss with the management of the Corporation and its subsidiaries, any affected party and the external auditors, such accounts, records and other matters as any member of the Audit Committee considers appropriate;
- (iii)
- engage independent counsel and other advisors as it determines necessary to carry out its duties; and
- (iv)
- set and pay the compensation for any advisors engaged by the Audit Committee.
- (d)
- The Audit Committee shall, at the earliest opportunity after each meeting, report to the Board the results of its activities and any reviews undertaken and make recommendations to the Board as considered appropriate.
- (e)
- The Audit Committee shall:
- (i)
- review the audit plan with the external auditors and with management;
- (ii)
- review with the external auditors the critical accounting policies and practices used by the Corporation, all alternative treatments of financial information within generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") that the external auditors have discussed with management, the ramifications of the use of such alternative disclosures and treatments and the treatment preferred by the external auditors;
- (iii)
- discuss with management and the external auditors any proposed changes in major accounting policies or principles, the presentation and impact of material risks and uncertainties and key estimates and judgments of management that may be material to financial reporting;
- (iv)
- review with management and with the external auditors material financial reporting issues arising during the most recent financial period and the resolution or proposed resolution of such issues;
- (v)
- review any problems experienced or concerns expressed by the external auditors in performing any audit, including any restrictions imposed by management or any material accounting issues on which there was a disagreement with management;
- (vi)
- review with the external auditors any accounting adjustments that were noted or proposed by the independent auditor but that were "passed" (as immaterial or otherwise), any communications between the audit team and the external auditor's national office respecting auditing or accounting issues presented by the engagement, any "management" or "internal control" letter or schedule of unadjusted differences issued, or proposed to be issued, by the external auditors to the Corporation, or any other material written communication provided by the external auditors to the Corporation's management;
- (vii)
- review with senior management the process of identifying, monitoring and reporting the principal risks affecting financial reporting;
- (viii)
- review and discuss with management and the external auditors any off-balance sheet transactions or structures and their effect on the Corporation's financial results and
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- (ix)
- review the audited annual financial statements (including management discussion and analysis) and related documents in conjunction with the report of the external auditors and obtain an explanation from management of all material variances between comparative reporting periods;
- (x)
- consider and review with management, the internal control memorandum or management letter containing the recommendations of the external auditors and management's response, if any, including an evaluation of the adequacy and effectiveness of the internal financial controls and procedures for financial reporting of the Corporation and subsequent follow-up to any identified weaknesses;
- (xi)
- to the extent that it deems appropriate, review with management its evaluation of the Corporation's procedures and controls designed to assure that information required to be disclosed in the Corporation's periodic public reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported in such reports within the time periods specified by the SEC for the filing of such reports ("Disclosure Controls"), and consider whether any changes are appropriate in light of management's evaluation of the effectiveness of such Disclosure Controls;
- (xii)
- review with financial management and the external auditors the quarterly unaudited financial statements and management discussion and analysis before release to the public;
- (xiii)
- before release, review and if appropriate, recommend for approval by the Board, all public disclosure documents containing audited or unaudited financial information, including any prospectuses, annual reports, annual information forms, management discussion and analysis and press releases, focusing particularly on:
- A.
- any changes in accounting policies and practices;
- B.
- any important areas where judgment must be exercised;
- C.
- significant adjustments resulting from the audit;
- D.
- the going concern assumption, if any;
- E.
- compliance with accounting standards; and
- F.
- compliance with stock exchange and legal requirements;
- (xiv)
- periodically meet separately with management and the external auditors;
- (xv)
- oversee the financial affairs of the Corporation and its subsidiaries, and, if deemed appropriate, make recommendations to the Board, external auditors or management;
- (xvi)
- discuss with management and the external auditors any correspondence with regulatory or governmental agencies that raise material issues regarding the Corporation's financial statements or accounting policies;
- (xvii)
- consider the recommendations of management in respect of the appointment and terms of engagement of the external auditor;
- (xviii)
- pre-approve all audit and non-audit services to be provided to the Corporation or its subsidiaries by its external auditors, or the external auditors of subsidiaries of the Corporation, subject to the overriding principle that the external auditors not be permitted to be retained by the Corporation to perform internal audit outsourcing services or financial information systems services; provided that notwithstanding the above, the foregoing pre-approval of non-audit services may be delegated to a member of the Audit Committee,
operations, as well as the disclosure regarding such transactions and structures in the Corporation's public filings;
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- (xix)
- approve the engagement letter for non-audit services to be provided by the external auditors or affiliates thereof together with estimated fees, and consider the potential impact of such services on the independence of the external auditors;
- (xx)
- when there is to be a change of external auditors, review all issues and provide documentation related to the change, including the information to be included in the notice of change of auditors and documentation required pursuant to the then current legislation, rules, policies and instruments of applicable regulatory authorities and the planned steps for an orderly transition period; and
- (xxi)
- review all reportable events, including disagreements, unresolved issues and consultations, as defined by Applicable Laws, on a routine basis, whether or not there is to be a change of the external auditors.
with any decisions of the member with the delegated authority reporting to the Audit Committee at the next scheduled meeting;
- (f)
- The Audit Committee shall enquire into and determine the appropriate resolution of any conflict of interest in respect of audit or financial matters which are directed to the Audit Committee by any member of the Board, a shareholder of the Corporation, the external auditors or senior management.
- (g)
- The Audit Committee shall periodically review with management the need for an internal audit function.
- (h)
- The Audit Committee shall review the accounting and reporting of costs, liabilities and contingencies of the Corporation.
- (i)
- Review with the Chief Executive and Chief Financial Officer of the Corporation any report on significant deficiencies in the design or operation of the internal controls that could adversely affect the Corporation's ability to record, process, summarize or report financial data, any material weaknesses in internal controls identified to the auditors, and any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Corporation's internal controls.
- (j)
- The Audit Committee shall establish and maintain procedures for:
- (i)
- the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received by the Corporation regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, or auditing matters;
- (ii)
- the confidential, anonymous submission by employees of the Corporation of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditing matters; and
- (iii)
- reviewing arrangements by which staff of the Corporation may, in confidence, raise concerns about possible improprieties in matters of financial reporting and ensuring that arrangements are in place for proportionate and independent investigation and follow-up action.
- (k)
- The Audit Committee shall review all related party transactions and discuss the business rationale for these transactions and determine whether appropriate disclosures have been made. For this purpose, the term "related party transactions" includes any transactions required to be disclosed under Item 7.B. of Form 20-F.
- (l)
- The Audit Committee shall establish a policy for release of earnings press releases as well as for the release of financial information and earnings guidance provided to analysts and rating agencies.
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- (m)
- The Audit Committee shall discuss with management the Corporation's process for performing its quarterly certifications pursuant to Multilateral Instrument 52-109—Certification of Disclosure in Issuers' Annual and Interim Filings.
- (n)
- The Audit Committee shall discuss the Corporation's major financial risk exposures and the steps management has taken to monitor and control such exposures.
- (o)
- The Audit Committee shall review the Corporation's compliance and ethics programs, including consideration of legal and regulatory requirements, and shall review with management its periodic evaluation of the effectiveness of such programs.
- (p)
- The Audit Committee shall, in consultation with the Nominating and Governance Committee, review the Corporation's code of conduct and programs that management has established to monitor compliance with such code, and periodically, after consultation with the Nominating and Governance Committee, make recommendations to the Board regarding the Corporation's code of conduct that the Audit Committee shall deem appropriate.
- (q)
- The Audit Committee shall establish, monitor and review policies and procedures for internal accounting, financial control and management information.
- (r)
- The Audit Committee shall review and approve the Corporation's hiring policies regarding partners, employees and former partners and employees of the present and former external auditors.
- (s)
- The Audit Committee shall receive any reports from legal counsel of evidence of a material violation of securities laws or breaches of fiduciary duty by the Corporation.
- (t)
- The Audit Committee shall review with the Corporation's legal counsel, on no less than an annual basis, any legal matter that could have a material impact on the Corporation's financial statements and any enquiries received from regulators or government agencies.
- (u)
- The Audit Committee shall assess, on an annual basis, the adequacy of this Charter and the performance of the Audit Committee.
Approved by the Directors on February 23, 2007 and revised and effective as of October 20, 2009.
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