Loans Receivable and Allowance for Loan Losses | Loans Receivable and Allowance for Loan Losses Loans receivable at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are summarized as follows (in thousands): June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 Mortgage loans: Residential $ 1,118,140 1,142,347 Commercial 2,185,339 2,171,056 Multi-family 1,405,805 1,403,885 Construction 406,893 392,580 Total mortgage loans 5,116,177 5,109,868 Commercial loans 1,688,477 1,745,138 Consumer loans 451,920 473,957 Total gross loans 7,256,574 7,328,963 Purchased credit-impaired ("PCI") loans 928 969 Premiums on purchased loans 3,668 4,029 Unearned discounts (35 ) (36 ) Net deferred fees (7,893 ) (8,207 ) Total loans $ 7,253,242 7,325,718 The following tables summarize the aging of loans receivable by portfolio segment and class of loans, excluding PCI loans (in thousands): June 30, 2018 30-59 Days 60-89 Days Non-accrual Recorded Total Past Due Current Total Loans Receivable Mortgage loans: Residential $ 4,696 2,924 8,984 — 16,604 1,101,536 1,118,140 Commercial 1,116 59 4,149 — 5,324 2,180,015 2,185,339 Multi-family — 400 — — 400 1,405,405 1,405,805 Construction — — — — — 406,893 406,893 Total mortgage loans 5,812 3,383 13,133 — 22,328 5,093,849 5,116,177 Commercial loans 2,589 28 17,517 — 20,134 1,668,343 1,688,477 Consumer loans 2,113 368 1,960 — 4,441 447,479 451,920 Total gross loans $ 10,514 3,779 32,610 — 46,903 7,209,671 7,256,574 December 31, 2017 30-59 Days 60-89 Days Non-accrual Recorded Total Past Current Total Loans Receivable Mortgage loans: Residential $ 7,809 4,325 8,105 — 20,239 1,122,108 1,142,347 Commercial 1,486 — 7,090 — 8,576 2,162,480 2,171,056 Multi-family — — — — — 1,403,885 1,403,885 Construction — — — — — 392,580 392,580 Total mortgage loans 9,295 4,325 15,195 — 28,815 5,081,053 5,109,868 Commercial loans 551 406 17,243 — 18,200 1,726,938 1,745,138 Consumer loans 2,465 487 2,491 — 5,443 468,514 473,957 Total gross loans $ 12,311 5,218 34,929 — 52,458 7,276,505 7,328,963 Included in loans receivable are loans for which the accrual of interest income has been discontinued due to deterioration in the financial condition of the borrowers. The principal amounts of these non-accrual loans were $32.6 million and $34.9 million at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , respectively. Included in non-accrual loans were $8.7 million and $11.5 million of loans which were less than 90 days past due at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , respectively. There were no loans 90 days or greater past due and still accruing interest at June 30, 2018 or December 31, 2017 . The Company defines an impaired loan as a non-homogeneous loan greater than $1.0 million for which it is probable, based on current information, all amounts due under the contractual terms of the loan agreement will not be collected. Impaired loans also include all loans modified as troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”). A loan is deemed to be a TDR when a loan modification resulting in a concession is made in an effort to mitigate potential loss arising from a borrower’s financial difficulty. Smaller balance homogeneous loans, including residential mortgages and other consumer loans, are evaluated collectively for impairment and are excluded from the definition of impaired loans, unless modified as TDRs. The Company separately calculates the reserve for loan losses on impaired loans. The Company may recognize impairment of a loan based upon: (1) the present value of expected cash flows discounted at the effective interest rate; (2) if a loan is collateral dependent, the fair value of collateral; or (3) the fair value of the loan. Additionally, if impaired loans have risk characteristics in common, those loans may be aggregated and historical statistics may be used as a means of measuring those impaired loans. The Company uses third-party appraisals to determine the fair value of the underlying collateral in its analysis of collateral dependent impaired loans. A third-party appraisal is generally ordered as soon as a loan is designated as a collateral dependent impaired loan and is generally updated annually or more frequently, if required. A specific allocation of the allowance for loan losses is established for each collateral dependent impaired loan with a carrying balance greater than the collateral’s fair value, less estimated costs to sell. Charge-offs are generally taken for the amount of the specific allocation when operations associated with the respective property cease and it is determined that collection of amounts due will be derived primarily from the disposition of the collateral. At each quarter end, if a loan is designated as a collateral dependent impaired loan and the third-party appraisal has not yet been received, an evaluation of all available collateral is made using the best information available at the time, including rent rolls, borrower financial statements and tax returns, prior appraisals, management’s knowledge of the market and collateral, and internally prepared collateral valuations based upon market assumptions regarding vacancy and capitalization rates, each as and where applicable. Once the appraisal is received and reviewed, the specific reserves are adjusted to reflect the appraised value. The Company believes there have been no significant time lapses in the recognition of changes in collateral values as a result of this process. At June 30, 2018 , there were 152 impaired loans totaling $55.5 million . Included in this total were 128 TDRs related to 124 borrowers totaling $38.0 million that were performing in accordance with their restructured terms and which continued to accrue interest at June 30, 2018 . At December 31, 2017 , there were 149 impaired loans totaling $52.0 million . Included in this total were 125 TDRs to 121 borrowers totaling $31.7 million that were performing in accordance with their restructured terms and which continued to accrue interest at December 31, 2017 . The following table summarizes loans receivable by portfolio segment and impairment method, excluding PCI loans (in thousands): June 30, 2018 Mortgage loans Commercial loans Consumer loans Total Portfolio Segments Individually evaluated for impairment $ 24,737 28,509 2,263 55,509 Collectively evaluated for impairment 5,091,440 1,659,968 449,657 7,201,065 Total gross loans $ 5,116,177 1,688,477 451,920 7,256,574 December 31, 2017 Mortgage loans Commercial loans Consumer loans Total Portfolio Segments Individually evaluated for impairment $ 28,459 21,223 2,359 52,041 Collectively evaluated for impairment 5,081,409 1,723,915 471,598 7,276,922 Total gross loans $ 5,109,868 1,745,138 473,957 7,328,963 The allowance for loan losses is summarized by portfolio segment and impairment classification as follows (in thousands): June 30, 2018 Mortgage loans Commercial loans Consumer loans Total Individually evaluated for impairment $ 1,200 874 66 2,140 Collectively evaluated for impairment 25,961 28,620 2,098 56,679 Total gross loans $ 27,161 29,494 2,164 58,819 December 31, 2017 Mortgage loans Commercial loans Consumer loans Total Individually evaluated for impairment $ 1,486 1,134 70 2,690 Collectively evaluated for impairment 26,566 28,680 2,259 57,505 Total gross loans $ 28,052 29,814 2,329 60,195 Loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties that are considered TDRs primarily involve lowering the monthly payments on such loans through either a reduction in interest rate below a market rate, an extension of the term of the loan without a corresponding adjustment to the risk premium reflected in the interest rate, or a combination of these two methods. These modifications generally do not result in the forgiveness of principal or accrued interest. In addition, the Company attempts to obtain additional collateral or guarantor support when modifying such loans. If the borrower has demonstrated performance under the previous terms and our underwriting process shows the borrower has the capacity to continue to perform under the restructured terms, the loan will continue to accrue interest. Non-accruing restructured loans may be returned to accrual status when there has been a sustained period of repayment performance (generally six consecutive months of payments) and both principal and interest are deemed collectible. The following tables present the number of loans modified as TDRs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 , along with their balances immediately prior to the modification date and post-modification as of June 30, 2018 and 2017 . For the three months ended June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 Troubled Debt Restructurings Number of Loans Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Number of Loans Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment ($ in thousands) Mortgage loans: Residential 1 $ 118 103 3 $ 1,836 $ 1,796 Total mortgage loans 1 118 103 3 1,836 1,796 Total restructured loans 1 $ 118 103 3 $ 1,836 $ 1,796 For the six months ended June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 Troubled Debt Restructurings Number of Pre-Modification Post-Modification Number of Pre-Modification Post-Modification ($ in thousands) Mortgage loans: Residential 1 $ 118 103 6 $ 2,838 $ 2,774 Total mortgage loans 1 118 103 6 2,838 2,774 Commercial loans 5 8,126 9,179 1 1,300 1,240 Consumer loans — — — 2 240 232 Total restructured loans 6 $ 8,244 $ 9,282 9 $ 4,378 $ 4,246 All TDRs are impaired loans, which are individually evaluated for impairment, as previously discussed. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 , $428,000 and $2.0 million of charge-offs were recorded on collateral dependent impaired loans. There were no charge-offs recorded on collateral dependent impaired loans during the three months ended June 30, 2017 . For the six months ended June 30, 2017 , $1.2 million of charge-offs were recorded on collateral dependent impaired loans. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 , the allowance for loan losses associated with the TDRs presented in the preceding tables totaled $0 and $706,650 , respectively, and were included in the allowance for loan losses for loans individually evaluated for impairment. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 , the TDRs presented in the preceding tables had a weighted average modified interest rate of approximately 6.13% and 5.62% , respectively, compared to a weighted average rate of 6.13% and 5.18% prior to modification, respectively. The following table presents loans modified as TDRs within the previous 12 months from June 30, 2018 and 2017 , and for which there was a payment default (90 days or more past due) at the quarter ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 . June 30, 2018 June 30, 2017 Troubled Debt Restructurings Subsequently Defaulted Number of Loans Outstanding Recorded Investment Number of Loans Outstanding Recorded Investment ($ in thousands) Mortgage loans: Total mortgage loans — — — — Commercial loans 3 1,344 — $ — Consumer loans — — — — Total restructured loans 3 $ 1,344 — $ — There were three payment defaults on one borrower (90 days or more past due) for loans modified as TDRs within the 12 month period ending June 30, 2018 . There were no payment defaults (90 days or more past due) for loans modified as TDRs within the 12 month period ending June 30, 2017 . TDRs that subsequently default are considered collateral dependent impaired loans and are evaluated for impairment based on the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral less expected selling costs. PCI loans are loans acquired at a discount primarily due to deteriorated credit quality. These loans are accounted for at fair value, based upon the present value of expected future cash flows, with no related allowance for loan losses. PCI loans totaled $928,000 at June 30, 2018 and $969,000 at December 31, 2017 . The following table summarizes the changes in the accretable yield for PCI loans during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands): Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30, 2018 2017 2018 2017 Beginning balance $ 112 172 101 200 Accretion (9 ) (96 ) (29 ) (145 ) Reclassification from non-accretable discount 13 82 44 103 Ending balance $ 116 158 116 158 The activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was as follows (in thousands): Three months ended June 30, Mortgage loans Commercial loans Consumer loans Total 2018 Balance at beginning of period $ 28,001 32,326 2,194 62,521 Provision (credited) charged to operations (782 ) 16,436 (154 ) 15,500 Recoveries of loans previously charged-off 44 105 213 362 Loans charged-off (102 ) (19,373 ) (89 ) (19,564 ) Balance at end of period $ 27,161 29,494 2,164 58,819 2017 Balance at beginning of period $ 29,318 29,786 3,051 62,155 Provision (credited) charged to operations (292 ) 1,777 215 1,700 Recoveries of loans previously charged-off 7 73 225 305 Loans charged-off (207 ) (551 ) (540 ) (1,298 ) Balance at end of period $ 28,826 31,085 2,951 62,862 Six months ended June 30, Mortgage Commercial Consumer Total 2018 Balance at beginning of period $ 28,052 29,814 2,329 60,195 Provision (credited) charged to operations (804 ) 21,825 (121 ) 20,900 Recoveries of loans previously charged-off 132 232 392 756 Loans charged-off (219 ) (22,377 ) (436 ) (23,032 ) Balance at end of period $ 27,161 29,494 2,164 58,819 2017 Balance at beginning of period $ 29,626 29,143 3,114 61,883 Provision (credited) charged to operations (423 ) 3,394 229 3,200 Recoveries of loans previously charged-off 61 531 401 993 Loans charged-off (438 ) (1,983 ) (793 ) (3,214 ) Balance at end of period $ 28,826 31,085 2,951 62,862 The following table presents loans individually evaluated for impairment by class and loan category, excluding PCI loans (in thousands): June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 Unpaid Principal Balance Recorded Investment Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Unpaid Principal Balance Recorded Investment Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Loans with no related allowance Mortgage loans: Residential $ 14,083 11,325 — 11,405 282 13,239 10,477 — 10,552 479 Commercial 1,550 1,546 — 1,546 — 5,037 4,908 — 5,022 12 Total 15,633 12,871 — 12,951 282 18,276 15,385 — 15,574 491 Commercial loans 42,720 17,761 — 37,064 209 19,196 14,984 — 15,428 395 Consumer loans 1,536 985 — 1,019 37 1,582 1,041 — 1,150 69 Total impaired loans $ 59,889 31,617 — 51,034 528 39,054 31,410 — 32,152 955 Loans with an allowance recorded Mortgage loans: Residential $ 11,851 10,814 1,123 10,880 221 13,052 12,010 1,351 12,150 475 Commercial 1,052 1,052 77 1,064 26 1,064 1,064 135 1,076 54 Total 12,903 11,866 1,200 11,944 247 14,116 13,074 1,486 13,226 529 Commercial loans 12,035 10,748 874 10,159 170 7,097 6,239 1,134 7,318 208 Consumer loans 1,289 1,278 66 1,305 36 1,329 1,318 70 1,349 64 Total impaired loans $ 26,227 23,892 2,140 23,408 453 22,542 20,631 2,690 21,893 801 Total impaired loans Mortgage loans: Residential $ 25,934 22,139 1,123 22,285 503 26,291 22,487 1,351 22,702 954 Commercial 2,602 2,598 77 2,610 26 6,101 5,972 135 6,098 66 Total 28,536 24,737 1,200 24,895 529 32,392 28,459 1,486 28,800 1,020 Commercial loans 54,755 28,509 874 47,223 379 26,293 21,223 1,134 22,746 603 Consumer loans 2,825 2,263 66 2,324 73 2,911 2,359 70 2,499 133 Total impaired loans $ 86,116 55,509 2,140 74,442 981 61,596 52,041 2,690 54,045 1,756 Specific allocations of the allowance for loan losses attributable to impaired loans totaled $2.1 million at June 30, 2018 and $2.7 million at December 31, 2017 . At June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , impaired loans for which there was no related allowance for loan losses totaled $31.6 million and $31.4 million , respectively. The average balance of impaired loans for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was $74.4 million and $54.0 million . The Company utilizes an internal nine-point risk rating system to summarize its loan portfolio into categories with similar risk characteristics. Loans deemed to be “acceptable quality” are rated 1 through 4, with a rating of 1 established for loans with minimal risk. Loans that are deemed to be of “questionable quality” are rated 5 (watch) or 6 (special mention). Loans with adverse classifications (substandard, doubtful or loss) are rated 7, 8 or 9, respectively. Commercial mortgage, commercial, multi-family and construction loans are rated individually, and each lending officer is responsible for risk rating loans in their portfolio. These risk ratings are then reviewed by the department manager and/or the Chief Lending Officer and by the Credit Department. The risk ratings are also confirmed through periodic loan review examinations, which are currently performed by an independent third-party. Reports by the independent third-party are presented directly to the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. Loans receivable by credit quality risk rating indicator, excluding PCI loans, are as follows (in thousands): At June 30, 2018 Residential Commercial mortgage Multi- family Construction Total mortgages Commercial Consumer Total loans Special mention $ 2,924 15,556 — — 18,480 22,614 368 41,462 Substandard 8,984 15,268 236 — 24,488 48,615 1,959 75,062 Doubtful — — — — — 480 — 480 Loss — — — — — — — — Total classified and criticized 11,908 30,824 236 — 42,968 71,709 2,327 117,004 Pass/Watch 1,106,232 2,154,515 1,405,569 406,893 5,073,209 1,616,768 449,593 7,139,570 Total $ 1,118,140 2,185,339 1,405,805 406,893 5,116,177 1,688,477 451,920 7,256,574 At December 31, 2017 Residential Commercial mortgage Multi- family Construction Total mortgages Commercial Consumer Total loans Special mention $ 4,325 19,172 15 — 23,512 20,738 486 44,736 Substandard 8,105 25,069 — — 33,174 29,734 2,491 65,399 Doubtful — — — — — 428 — 428 Loss — — — — — — — — Total classified and criticized 12,430 44,241 15 — 56,686 50,900 2,977 110,563 Pass/Watch 1,129,917 2,126,815 1,403,870 392,580 5,053,182 1,694,238 470,980 7,218,400 Total $ 1,142,347 2,171,056 1,403,885 392,580 5,109,868 1,745,138 473,957 7,328,963 |