Loans Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses | Loans Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted CECL, which replaced the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology. The adoption of the new standard resulted in the Company recording a $7.9 million increase to the allowance for credit losses on loans with a corresponding cumulative effect adjustment to decrease retained earnings by $5.9 million, net of income taxes. (See Adoption of CECL table below for additional detail.) Loans receivable at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are summarized as follows (in thousands): March 31, 2021 December 31, 2020 Mortgage loans: Residential $ 1,277,376 1,294,702 Commercial 3,594,012 3,458,666 Multi-family 1,458,193 1,484,515 Construction 615,706 541,939 Total mortgage loans 6,945,287 6,779,822 Commercial loans 2,510,708 2,567,470 Consumer loans 363,648 492,566 Total gross loans 9,819,643 9,839,858 Premiums on purchased loans 1,378 1,566 Unearned discounts (7) (12) Net deferred fees (17,478) (18,522) Total loans $ 9,803,536 9,822,890 At March 31, 2021, $101.7 million of loans purchased from SB One that were previously classified as consumer loans were classified as commercial mortgage loans, following further analysis of the underwriting documents and operational intent of the borrower. These loans are comprised of term loans and lines of credit secured by 1-4 family residential properties that are held by borrowers to generate rental income. The following tables summarize the aging of loans receivable by portfolio segment and class of loans (in thousands): March 31, 2021 30-59 Days 60-89 Days Non-accrual Recorded Total Past Current Total Loans Non-accrual loans with no related allowance Mortgage loans: Residential $ 6,862 6,161 7,797 — 20,820 1,256,556 1,277,376 7,797 Commercial 2,183 520 33,742 — 36,445 3,557,567 3,594,012 33,742 Multi-family 1,327 — 101 — 1,428 1,456,765 1,458,193 101 Construction 1,123 1,656 1,392 — 4,171 611,535 615,706 1,392 Total mortgage loans 11,495 8,337 43,032 — 62,864 6,882,423 6,945,287 43,032 Commercial loans 393 235 36,042 — 36,670 2,474,038 2,510,708 21,298 Consumer loans 1,356 277 3,010 — 4,643 359,005 363,648 3,009 Total gross loans $ 13,244 8,849 82,084 — 104,177 9,715,466 9,819,643 67,339 December 31, 2020 30-59 Days 60-89 Days Non-accrual Recorded Total Past Current Total Loans Receivable Non-accrual loans with no related allowance Mortgage loans: Residential $ 15,789 8,852 9,315 — 33,956 1,260,746 1,294,702 9,315 Commercial 761 113 31,982 — 32,856 3,425,810 3,458,666 20,482 Multi-family 206 585 — — 791 1,483,724 1,484,515 — Construction — — 1,392 — 1,392 540,547 541,939 1,392 Total mortgage loans 16,756 9,550 42,689 — 68,995 6,710,827 6,779,822 31,189 Commercial loans 1,658 1,179 42,118 — 44,955 2,522,515 2,567,470 15,541 Consumer loans 4,348 4,519 2,283 — 11,150 481,416 492,566 2,283 Total gross loans $ 22,762 15,248 87,090 — 125,100 9,714,758 9,839,858 49,013 Included in loans receivable are loans for which the accrual of interest income has been discontinued due to deterioration in the financial condition of the borrowers. The principal amounts of these non-accrual loans were $82.1 million and $87.1 million at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Included in non-accrual loans were $27.1 million and $35.3 million of loans which were less than 90 days past due at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. There were no loans 90 days or greater past due and still accruing interest at March 31, 2021 or December 31, 2020. Management has elected to measure an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivables specifically related to any loan that has been deferred as a result of COVID-19. Generally, accrued interest is written off by reversing interest income during the quarter the loan is moved from an accrual to a non-accrual status. The Company defines an impaired loan as a non-homogeneous loan greater than $1.0 million, for which, based on current information, the Bank does not expect to collect all amounts due under the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Impaired loans also include all loans modified as troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”). An allowance for collateral-dependent impaired loans that have been modified in a TDR is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s observable market price, or the estimated fair value of the collateral, less any selling costs. The Company uses third-party appraisals to determine the fair value of the underlying collateral in its analysis of collateral-dependent loans. A third-party appraisal is generally ordered as soon as a loan is designated as a collateral-dependent loan and updated annually, or more frequently if required. A financial asset is considered collateral-dependent when the debtor is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the sale or operation of the collateral. For all classes of loans deemed collateral-dependent, the Company estimates expected credit losses based on the fair value of the collateral less any selling costs. A specific allocation of the allowance for credit losses is established for each collateral-dependent loan with a carrying balance greater than the collateral’s fair value, less estimated selling costs. In most cases, the Company records a partial charge-off to reduce the loan’s carrying value to the collateral’s fair value less estimated selling costs. At each fiscal quarter end, if a loan is designated as collateral-dependent and the third-party appraisal has not yet been received, an evaluation of all available collateral is made using the best information available at the time, including rent rolls, borrower financial statements and tax returns, prior appraisals, management’s knowledge of the market and collateral, and internally prepared collateral valuations based upon market assumptions regarding vacancy and capitalization rates, each as and where applicable. Once the appraisal is received and reviewed, the specific reserves are adjusted to reflect the appraised value and evaluated for charge offs. The Company believes there have been no significant time lapses resulting from this process. At March 31, 2021, there were 167 impaired loans totaling $79.5 million. Included in this total were 115 TDRs related to 112 borrowers totaling $22.7 million that were performing in accordance with their restructured terms and which continued to accrue interest at March 31, 2021. At December 31, 2020, there were 169 impaired loans totaling $86.0 million, of which 135 loans totaling $39.6 million were TDRs. Included in this total were 112 TDRs to 110 borrowers totaling $23.1 million that were performing in accordance with their restructured terms and which continued to accrue interest at December 31, 2020. At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had $30.1 million and $26.3 million of collateral-dependent impaired loans, respectively. The collateral-dependent impaired loans at March 31, 2021 consisted of $28.3 million in commercial loans, $1.6 million in residential real estate loans, and $216,000 in consumer loans. The collateral for these impaired loans was primarily real estate. The activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 was as follows (in thousands): March 31, 2021 Mortgage loans Commercial loans Consumer loans Total Balance at beginning of period $ 68,307 27,084 6,075 101,466 Provision benefit to operations (13,467) (467) (1,066) (15,000) Recoveries of loans previously charged-off 276 528 303 1,107 Loans charged-off (918) (843) (221) (1,982) Balance at end of period $ 54,198 26,302 5,091 85,591 March 31, 2020 Mortgage loans Commercial loans Consumer loans Total Balance at beginning of period $ 25,511 28,263 1,751 55,525 Provision charge (benefit) to operations 7,710 7,619 (629) 14,700 Retained earnings (due to initial CECL adoption) 14,188 (9,974) 3,706 7,920 Recoveries of loans previously charged-off 93 313 123 529 Loans charged-off (2) (3,380) (149) (3,531) Balance at end of period $ 47,500 22,841 4,802 75,143 As a result of the January 1, 2020 adoption of CECL, the Company recorded a $7.9 million increase to the allowance for credit losses on loans. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company recorded a negative provision for credit losses on loans of $15.0 million. The decrease in the provision for credit losses for the year ended March 31, 2021 was the result of an improved current economic forecast and the resultant favorable impact on expected credit losses, compared with a provision for credit losses for the prior year, which was based upon a weak economic forecast and uncertain outlook attributable to the COVID-19. The largest decrease in the provision for credit losses on loans for the year ended March 31, 2021 was in the commercial real estate portfolio. The following table illustrates the impact the January 1, 2020 adoption of CECL had on the allowance for credits losses for the loan portfolio (in thousands): January 1, 2020 As reported under CECL Prior to CECL Impact of CECL adoption Loans Residential $ 8,950 3,414 5,536 Commercial 17,118 12,831 4,287 Multi-family 9,519 3,374 6,145 Construction 4,152 5,892 (1,740) Total mortgage loans 39,739 25,511 14,228 Commercial loans 18,254 28,263 (10,009) Consumer loans 5,452 1,751 3,701 Allowance for credit losses on loans $ 63,445 55,525 7,920 The following tables summarize loans receivable by portfolio segment and impairment method (in thousands): March 31, 2021 Mortgage Commercial Consumer Total Portfolio Individually evaluated for impairment $ 49,783 28,359 1,405 79,547 Collectively evaluated for impairment 6,895,504 2,482,349 362,243 9,740,096 Total gross loans $ 6,945,287 2,510,708 363,648 9,819,643 December 31, 2020 Mortgage Commercial Consumer Total Portfolio Individually evaluated for impairment $ 48,783 35,832 1,431 86,046 Collectively evaluated for impairment 6,731,039 2,531,638 491,135 9,753,812 Total gross loans $ 6,779,822 2,567,470 492,566 9,839,858 The allowance for credit losses is summarized by portfolio segment and impairment classification as follows (in thousands): March 31, 2021 Mortgage Commercial loans Consumer loans Total Individually evaluated for impairment $ 927 3,832 43 4,802 Collectively evaluated for impairment 53,271 22,470 5,048 80,789 Total gross loans $ 54,198 26,302 5,091 85,591 December 31, 2020 Mortgage Commercial loans Consumer Total Individually evaluated for impairment $ 4,220 4,715 39 8,974 Collectively evaluated for impairment 64,087 22,369 6,036 92,492 Total gross loans $ 68,307 27,084 6,075 101,466 Loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties that are considered TDRs primarily involve lowering the monthly payments on such loans through either a reduction in interest rate below a market rate, an extension of the term of the loan without a corresponding adjustment to the risk premium reflected in the interest rate, or a combination of these two methods. These modifications generally do not result in the forgiveness of principal or accrued interest. In addition, management attempts to obtain additional collateral or guarantor support when modifying such loans. If the borrower has demonstrated performance under the previous terms and our underwriting process shows the borrower has the capacity to continue to perform under the restructured terms, the loan will continue to accrue interest. Non-accruing restructured loans may be returned to accrual status when there has been a sustained period of repayment performance (generally six consecutive months of payments) and both principal and interest are deemed collectible. The following tables present the number of loans modified as TDRs during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, along with their balances immediately prior to the modification date and post-modification as of March 31, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands): For the three months ended March 31, 2021 March 31, 2020 Troubled Debt Restructurings Number of Pre-Modification Post-Modification Number of Pre-Modification Post-Modification ($ in thousands) Commercial loans 3 $ 1,361 $ 1,359 2 $ 746 $ 731 Total restructured loans 3 $ 1,361 $ 1,359 2 $ 746 $ 731 For loans modified as TDRs in the preceding table, there were no allowance for credit losses required at March 31, 2021. There were no payment defaults (90 days or more past due) at the quarter ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 for loans modified as TDRs within the previous 12 month periods ending March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020. For TDRs that subsequently default, the Company determines the amount of the allowance for the respective loans in accordance with the accounting policy for the allowance for credit losses on loans individually evaluated for impairment. All TDRs are impaired loans, which are individually evaluated for impairment. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, $1.5 million of charge-offs were recorded on TDRs. (See subsequent discussion related to COVID-19 loan modifications.) As allowed by CECL, the Company elected to maintain pools of loans accounted for under ASC 310-30. At December 31, 2020, purchased credit impaired (“PCI”) loans totaled $746,000. In accordance with the CECL standard, management did not reassess whether modifications of individually acquired financial assets accounted for in pools were TDRs as of the date of adoption. Loans considered to be PCI prior to January 1, 2020 were converted to PCD loans on that date. Any additional loans acquired by the Company after January 1, 2020, that experience more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality after origination, have been classified as PCD loans. The table below is a summary of the PCD loans accounted for in accordance with ASC 310-26 that were acquired in the SB One acquisition at the July 31, 2020 closing date (in thousands): Gross amortized cost basis at July 31, 2020 $ 315,784 Interest component of expected cash flows (accretable difference) (7,988) Fair value of PCD loans 307,796 Allowance for credit losses on PCD loans (13,586) Net PCD loans $ 294,210 At March 31, 2021, the balance of PCD loans totaled $283.9 million with a related allowance for credit losses of $10.8 million. The balance of PCD loans at December 31, 2020 was $296.6 million with a related allowance for credit losses of $13.1 million. The following table presents loans individually evaluated for impairment by class and loan category (in thousands): March 31, 2021 December 31, 2020 Unpaid Principal Balance Recorded Investment Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Unpaid Principal Balance Recorded Investment Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Loans with no related allowance Mortgage loans: Residential $ 12,267 9,794 — 10,083 118 13,981 11,380 — 11,587 511 Commercial 34,125 30,656 — 31,555 17 17,414 17,414 — 16,026 60 Total 46,392 40,450 — 41,638 135 31,395 28,794 — 27,613 571 Commercial loans 11,630 8,963 — 9,082 — 15,895 14,009 — 12,791 46 Consumer loans 1,360 857 — 2,319 13 1,382 880 — 7 50 Total impaired loans $ 59,382 50,270 — 53,039 148 48,672 43,683 — 40,411 667 Loans with an allowance recorded Mortgage loans: Residential $ 8,938 8,438 904 8,461 77 7,950 7,506 806 7,604 307 Commercial 895 895 23 925 13 14,993 12,483 3,414 123 570 Total 9,833 9,333 927 9,386 90 22,943 19,989 4,220 7,727 877 Commercial loans 22,622 19,396 3,832 23,451 123 24,947 21,823 4,715 18,620 311 Consumer loans 563 548 43 550 10 565 551 39 5 20 Total impaired loans $ 33,018 29,277 4,802 33,387 223 48,455 42,363 8,974 26,352 1,208 Total impaired loans Mortgage loans: Residential $ 21,205 18,232 904 18,544 195 21,931 18,886 806 19,191 818 Commercial 35,020 31,551 23 32,480 30 32,407 29,897 3,414 16,149 630 Total 56,225 49,783 927 51,024 225 54,338 48,783 4,220 35,340 1,448 Commercial loans 34,252 28,359 3,832 32,533 123 40,842 35,832 4,715 31,411 357 Consumer loans 1,923 1,405 43 2,869 23 1,947 1,431 39 12 70 Total impaired loans $ 92,400 79,547 4,802 86,426 371 97,127 86,046 8,974 66,763 1,875 Specific allocations of the allowance for credit losses attributable to impaired loans totaled $4.8 million at March 31, 2021 and $9.0 million at December 31, 2020. At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, impaired loans for which there was no related allowance for credit losses totaled $50.3 million and $43.7 million, respectively. The average balance of impaired loans for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 was $86.4 million and $66.8 million, respectively. Management utilizes an internal nine-point risk rating system to summarize its loan portfolio into categories with similar risk characteristics. Loans deemed to be “acceptable quality” are rated 1 through 4, with a rating of 1 established for loans with minimal risk. Loans that are deemed to be of “questionable quality” are rated 5 (watch) or 6 (special mention). Loans with adverse classifications (substandard, doubtful or loss) are rated 7, 8 or 9, respectively. Commercial mortgage, commercial, multi-family and construction loans are rated individually, and each lending officer is responsible for risk rating loans in their portfolio. These risk ratings are then reviewed by the department manager and/or the Chief Lending Officer and by the Credit Department. The risk ratings are also confirmed through periodic loan review examinations which are currently performed by an independent third-party. Reports by the independent third-party are presented directly to the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. In response to COVID-19 and its adverse economic impact on both our commercial and retail borrowers, the Company implemented a modification program to defer principal or principal and interest payments for borrowers directly impacted by the pandemic and who were not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019, all in accordance with the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security ("CARES") Act. Loans that have been or are expected to be granted COVID-19 related deferrals or modifications have decreased from a peak level of $1.31 billion, or 16.8% of loans, to $132.0 million, or 1.3% of loans a s of April 20, 2021. This $132.0 million of loans includes $300,000 in a first 90-day deferral period, $46.6 million in a second 90-day deferral period, and $85.1 million in a third deferral period. Of the $123.5 million in commercial loans in deferral, $119.0 million or 96.4% are under principal only deferral and are paying interest. Included in the $132.0 million of loans, $40.9 million are secured by hotels, $33.1 million are secured by multi-family properties (the majority of which is student housing related), $8.6 million are secured by retail properties, $6.5 million are secured by restaurants, and $8.5 million are secured by residential mortgages, with the balance comprised of diverse commercial loans. In accordance with the CARES Act, the Company has elected to not apply troubled debt restructuring classification to any COVID-19 related loan modifications that were performed after March 1, 2020 to borrowers who were current as of December 31, 2019. Accordingly, these modifications are not classified as TDRs. In addition, the Company participated in the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) through the United States Department of the Treasury and Small Business Administration ("SBA"). As of March 31, 2021, the Company secured a total of 1,318 PPP loans for its customers totaling $664.5 million, which includes both the initial round and the second round of PPP. Additionally, as of March 31, 2021, 670 PPP loans totaling $182.6 million were forgiven. The balance at March 31, 2021 for PPP loans was $481.9 million. The PPP loans are fully guaranteed by the SBA and may be eligible for forgiveness by the SBA to the extent that the proceeds are used to cover eligible payroll costs, interest costs, rent, and utility costs over a period of up to 24 weeks after the loan was made as long as certain conditions are met regarding employee retention and compensation levels. PPP loans deemed eligible for forgiveness by the SBA will be repaid by the SBA to the Company. PPP loans are included in the commercial loan portfolio. The following table summarizes the Company's gross loans held for investment by year of origination and internally assigned credit grades (in thousands): At March 31, 2021 Total portfolio Residential Commercial mortgage Multi-family Construction Total Commercial Consumer Total Loans (1) Special mention $ 5,847 129,051 35,885 25,409 196,192 115,619 529 312,340 Substandard 23,416 109,689 1,552 5,736 140,393 124,581 3,836 268,810 Doubtful — — — — — 20 — 20 Loss — — — — — — — — Total criticized and classified 29,263 238,740 37,437 31,145 336,585 240,220 4,365 581,170 Pass/Watch 1,248,113 3,355,272 1,420,756 584,561 6,608,702 2,270,488 359,283 9,238,473 Total $ 1,277,376 3,594,012 1,458,193 615,706 6,945,287 2,510,708 363,648 9,819,643 2021 Special mention $ — — — — — 23 — 23 Substandard — — — — — 391 — 391 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — Total criticized and classified — — — — — 414 — 414 Pass/Watch 82,831 78,552 31,141 14,913 207,437 252,045 8,947 468,429 Total gross loans $ 82,831 78,552 31,141 14,913 207,437 252,459 8,947 468,843 2020 Special mention $ — $ — $ — $ 1,986 $ 1,986 $ 345 $ — $ 2,331 Substandard 163 — — — 163 1,824 — 1,987 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — Total criticized and classified 163 — — 1,986 2,149 2,169 — 4,318 Pass/Watch 262,032 670,040 296,124 123,927 1,352,123 595,559 39,107 1,986,789 Total gross loans $ 262,195 670,040 296,124 125,913 1,354,272 597,728 39,107 1,991,107 2019 Special mention $ 661 30,310 679 16,189 47,839 8,819 — 56,658 Substandard 3,773 2,426 — — 6,199 9,856 361 16,416 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — Total criticized and classified 4,434 32,736 679 16,189 54,038 18,675 361 73,074 Pass/Watch 139,951 632,084 177,648 259,223 1,208,906 246,072 46,155 1,501,133 Total gross loans $ 144,385 664,820 178,327 275,412 1,262,944 264,747 46,516 1,574,207 2018 Special mention $ 2,425 39,825 20,125 — 62,375 3,578 — 65,953 Substandard 744 5,383 — 5,121 11,248 6,568 120 17,936 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — Total criticized and classified 3,169 45,208 20,125 5,121 73,623 10,146 120 83,889 Pass/Watch 81,320 385,080 183,343 145,307 795,050 228,963 44,128 1,068,141 Total gross loans $ 84,489 430,288 203,468 150,428 868,673 239,109 44,248 1,152,030 2017 and prior Special mention $ 2,761 58,916 15,081 7,234 83,992 102,854 529 187,375 Substandard 18,736 101,880 1,552 615 122,783 105,942 3,355 232,080 Doubtful — — — — — 20 — 20 Loss — — — — — — — — Total criticized and classified 21,497 160,796 16,633 7,849 206,775 208,816 3,884 419,475 Pass/Watch 681,979 1,589,516 732,500 41,191 3,045,186 947,849 220,946 4,213,981 Total gross loans $ 703,476 1,750,312 749,133 49,040 3,251,961 1,156,665 224,830 4,633,456 At December 31, 2020 Residential Commercial mortgage Multi-family Construction Total Commercial Consumer Total loans Special mention $ 2,882 124,631 29,781 24,376 181,670 157,080 1,867 340,617 Substandard 26,651 98,313 1,568 4,924 131,456 127,092 6,746 265,294 Doubtful — — — — — 52 — 52 Loss — — — — — — — — Total criticized and classified 29,533 222,944 31,349 29,300 313,126 284,224 8,613 605,963 Pass/Watch 1,265,169 3,235,722 1,453,166 512,639 6,466,696 2,283,246 483,953 9,233,895 Total $ 1,294,702 3,458,666 1,484,515 541,939 6,779,822 2,567,470 492,566 9,839,858 (1) Contained within criticized and classified loans at March 31, 2021 are loans that were granted payment deferrals related to COVID-19 totaling $132.0 million. |