Loans Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses | Loans Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted CECL, which replaced the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology. The adoption of the new standard resulted in the Company recording a $7.9 million increase to the allowance for credit losses on loans with a corresponding cumulative effect adjustment to decrease retained earnings by $5.9 million, net of income taxes. (See Adoption of CECL table below for additional detail.) Loans receivable at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are summarized as follows (in thousands): June 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 Mortgage loans: Residential $ 1,253,824 1,294,702 Commercial 3,571,416 3,458,666 Multi-family 1,361,164 1,484,515 Construction 665,884 541,939 Total mortgage loans 6,852,288 6,779,822 Commercial loans 2,354,199 2,567,470 Consumer loans 348,485 492,566 Total gross loans 9,554,972 9,839,858 Premiums on purchased loans 1,257 1,566 Unearned discounts (6) (12) Net deferred fees (16,361) (18,522) Total loans $ 9,539,862 9,822,890 In the first quarter of 2021, $101.7 million of loans acquired in the SB One transaction that were previously classified as consumer loans were classified as commercial mortgage loans, following further analysis of the underwriting documents and operational intent of the borrower. These loans are comprised of term loans and lines of credit secured by 1-4 family residential properties that are held by borrowers to generate rental income. The following tables summarize the aging of loans receivable by portfolio segment and class of loans (in thousands): June 30, 2021 30-59 Days 60-89 Days Non-accrual Recorded Total Past Current Total Loans Non-accrual loans with no related allowance Mortgage loans: Residential $ 5,410 4,455 6,875 — 16,740 1,237,084 1,253,824 6,875 Commercial 2,109 — 36,312 — 38,421 3,532,995 3,571,416 22,473 Multi-family — — — — — 1,361,164 1,361,164 — Construction — — 2,967 — 2,967 662,917 665,884 2,967 Total mortgage loans 7,519 4,455 46,154 — 58,128 6,794,160 6,852,288 32,315 Commercial loans 660 175 32,023 — 32,858 2,321,341 2,354,199 27,101 Consumer loans 458 1,272 1,883 — 3,613 344,872 348,485 1,639 Total gross loans $ 8,637 5,902 80,060 — 94,599 9,460,373 9,554,972 61,055 December 31, 2020 30-59 Days 60-89 Days Non-accrual Recorded Total Past Current Total Loans Receivable Non-accrual loans with no related allowance Mortgage loans: Residential $ 15,789 8,852 9,315 — 33,956 1,260,746 1,294,702 9,315 Commercial 761 113 31,982 — 32,856 3,425,810 3,458,666 20,482 Multi-family 206 585 — — 791 1,483,724 1,484,515 — Construction — — 1,392 — 1,392 540,547 541,939 1,392 Total mortgage loans 16,756 9,550 42,689 — 68,995 6,710,827 6,779,822 31,189 Commercial loans 1,658 1,179 42,118 — 44,955 2,522,515 2,567,470 15,541 Consumer loans 4,348 4,519 2,283 — 11,150 481,416 492,566 2,283 Total gross loans $ 22,762 15,248 87,090 — 125,100 9,714,758 9,839,858 49,013 Included in loans receivable are loans for which the accrual of interest income has been discontinued due to deterioration in the financial condition of the borrowers. The principal amounts of these non-accrual loans were $80.1 million and $87.1 million at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Included in non-accrual loans were $49.1 million and $35.3 million of loans which were less than 90 days past due at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. There were no loans 90 days or greater past due and still accruing interest at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. Management has elected to measure an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivables specifically related to any loan that has been deferred as a result of COVID-19. Generally, accrued interest is written off by reversing interest income during the quarter the loan is moved from an accrual to a non-accrual status. The Company defines an impaired loan as a non-homogeneous loan greater than $1.0 million, for which, based on current information, the Bank does not expect to collect all amounts due under the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Impaired loans also include all loans modified as troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”). An allowance for collateral-dependent impaired loans that have been modified in a TDR is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s observable market price, or the estimated fair value of the collateral, less any selling costs. The Company uses third-party appraisals to determine the fair value of the underlying collateral in its analysis of collateral-dependent loans. A third-party appraisal is generally ordered as soon as a loan is designated as a collateral-dependent loan and updated annually, or more frequently if required. A financial asset is considered collateral-dependent when the debtor is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the sale or operation of the collateral. For all classes of loans deemed collateral-dependent, the Company estimates expected credit losses based on the fair value of the collateral less any selling costs. A specific allocation of the allowance for credit losses is established for each collateral-dependent loan with a carrying balance greater than the collateral’s fair value, less estimated selling costs. In most cases, the Company records a partial charge-off to reduce the loan’s carrying value to the collateral’s fair value less estimated selling costs. At each fiscal quarter end, if a loan is designated as collateral-dependent and the third-party appraisal has not yet been received, an evaluation of all available collateral is made using the best information available at the time, including rent rolls, borrower financial statements and tax returns, prior appraisals, management’s knowledge of the market and collateral, and internally prepared collateral valuations based upon market assumptions regarding vacancy and capitalization rates, each as and where applicable. Once the appraisal is received and reviewed, the specific reserves are adjusted to reflect the appraised value and evaluated for charge offs. The Company believes there have been no significant time lapses resulting from this process. At June 30, 2021, there were 168 impaired loans totaling $82.0 million. Included in this total were 113 TDRs related to 109 borrowers totaling $22.0 million that were performing in accordance with their restructured terms and which continued to accrue interest at June 30, 2021. At December 31, 2020, there were 169 impaired loans totaling $86.0 million, of which 135 loans totaling $39.6 million were TDRs. Included in this total were 112 TDRs to 110 borrowers totaling $23.1 million that were performing in accordance with their restructured terms and which continued to accrue interest at December 31, 2020. At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had $21.7 million and $26.3 million related to the fair value of underlying collateral-dependent impaired loans, respectively. These collateral-dependent impaired loans at June 30, 2021 consisted of $20.0 million in commercial loans, $1.6 million in residential real estate loans, and $81,000 in consumer loans. The collateral for these impaired loans was primarily real estate. The activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 was as follows (in thousands): Three months ended June 30, Mortgage loans Commercial loans Consumer loans Total 2021 Balance at beginning of period $ 54,198 26,302 5,091 85,591 Provision (benefit) charge to operations 1,080 (10,814) (966) (10,700) Recoveries of loans previously charged-off 191 5,790 198 6,179 Loans charged-off — (16) (95) (111) Balance at end of period $ 55,469 21,262 4,228 80,959 2020 Balance at beginning of period $ 47,500 22,841 4,802 75,143 Provision charge to operations 7,355 2,285 1,260 10,900 Recoveries of loans previously charged-off 16 605 103 724 Loans charged-off — (447) (61) (508) Balance at end of period $ 54,871 25,284 6,104 86,259 Six months ended June 30, Mortgage loans Commercial loans Consumer loans Total 2021 Balance at beginning of period $ 68,307 27,084 6,075 101,466 Provision benefit to operations (12,387) (11,281) (2,032) (25,700) Recoveries of loans previously charged-off 467 6,317 501 7,285 Loans charged-off (918) (858) (316) (2,092) Balance at end of period $ 55,469 21,262 4,228 80,959 2020 Balance at beginning of period $ 25,511 28,263 1,751 55,525 Provision charge to operations 15,066 9,904 630 25,600 Recoveries of loans previously charged-off 108 918 226 1,252 Increase (decrease) due to initial CECL adoption - retained earnings 14,188 (9,974) 3,706 7,920 Loans charged-off (2) (3,827) (209) (4,038) Balance at end of period $ 54,871 25,284 6,104 86,259 As a result of the January 1, 2020 adoption of CECL, the Company recorded a $7.9 million increase to the allowance for credit losses on loans. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company recorded negative provisions for credit losses on loans of $10.7 million and $25.7 million, respectively. The decrease in the provision for credit losses for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2021 was the result of an improved current economic forecast and the resultant favorable impact on expected credit losses, compared with a provision for credit losses for the prior year, which was based upon a weak economic forecast and uncertain outlook attributable to COVID-19. The following table illustrates the impact of the January 1, 2020 adoption of CECL on the allowance for credit losses for the loan portfolio (in thousands): January 1, 2020 As reported under CECL Prior to CECL Impact of CECL adoption Loans Residential $ 8,950 3,414 5,536 Commercial 17,118 12,831 4,287 Multi-family 9,519 3,374 6,145 Construction 4,152 5,892 (1,740) Total mortgage loans 39,739 25,511 14,228 Commercial loans 18,254 28,263 (10,009) Consumer loans 5,452 1,751 3,701 Allowance for credit losses on loans $ 63,445 55,525 7,920 The following tables summarize loans receivable by portfolio segment and impairment method (in thousands): June 30, 2021 Mortgage Commercial Consumer Total Portfolio Individually evaluated for impairment $ 55,390 25,292 1,317 81,999 Collectively evaluated for impairment 6,796,898 2,328,907 347,168 9,472,973 Total gross loans $ 6,852,288 2,354,199 348,485 9,554,972 December 31, 2020 Mortgage Commercial Consumer Total Portfolio Individually evaluated for impairment $ 48,783 35,832 1,431 86,046 Collectively evaluated for impairment 6,731,039 2,531,638 491,135 9,753,812 Total gross loans $ 6,779,822 2,567,470 492,566 9,839,858 The allowance for credit losses is summarized by portfolio segment and impairment classification as follows (in thousands): June 30, 2021 Mortgage Commercial loans Consumer loans Total Individually evaluated for impairment $ 3,433 4,145 35 7,613 Collectively evaluated for impairment 52,036 17,117 4,193 73,346 Total gross loans $ 55,469 21,262 4,228 80,959 December 31, 2020 Mortgage Commercial loans Consumer Total Individually evaluated for impairment $ 4,220 4,715 39 8,974 Collectively evaluated for impairment 64,087 22,369 6,036 92,492 Total gross loans $ 68,307 27,084 6,075 101,466 Loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties that are considered TDRs primarily involve lowering the monthly payments on such loans through either a reduction in interest rate below a market rate, an extension of the term of the loan without a corresponding adjustment to the risk premium reflected in the interest rate, or a combination of these two methods. These modifications generally do not result in the forgiveness of principal or accrued interest. In addition, management attempts to obtain additional collateral or guarantor support when modifying such loans. If the borrower has demonstrated performance under the previous terms and our underwriting process shows the borrower has the capacity to continue to perform under the restructured terms, the loan will continue to accrue interest. Non-accruing restructured loans may be returned to accrual status when there has been a sustained period of repayment performance (generally six consecutive months of payments) and both principal and interest are deemed collectible. The following tables present the number of loans modified as TDRs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, along with their balances immediately prior to the modification date and post-modification as of June 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands): For the three months ended June 30, 2021 June 30, 2020 Troubled Debt Restructurings Number of Pre-Modification Post-Modification Number of Pre-Modification Post-Modification Mortgage loans: Residential 1 $ 171 $ 170 1 $ 342 $ 283 Total mortgage loans 1 171 170 1 342 283 Commercial loans 1 1,580 1,089 2 736 714 Total restructured loans 2 $ 1,751 $ 1,259 3 $ 1,078 $ 997 For the six months ended June 30, 2021 June 30, 2020 Troubled Debt Restructurings Number of Pre-Modification Post-Modification Number of Pre-Modification Post-Modification Mortgage loans: Residential 1 $ 171 $ 170 1 $ 342 $ 283 Total mortgage loans 1 171 170 1 342 283 Commercial loans 4 2,940 2,363 4 1,483 1,429 Total restructured loans 5 $ 3,111 $ 2,533 5 $ 1,825 $ 1,712 All TDRs are impaired loans, which are individually evaluated for impairment. During the three months ended June 30, 2021, no charge-offs were recorded on collateral-dependent impaired loans, while $1.5 million of charge-offs were recorded on collateral-dependent impaired loans for the six months ended June 30, 2021. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, $447,000 and $3.2 million of charge-offs were recorded on collateral-dependent impaired loans, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, the allowance for credit losses associated with the TDRs presented in the preceding tables totaled $14,000, and was included in the allowance for credit losses for loans individually evaluated for impairment. (See page 26 for further discussion related to COVID-19 loan modifications) For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, the TDRs presented in the preceding tables had a weighted average modified interest rate of 4.37% and 4.52%, respectively, compared to a weighted average rate of 4.59% and 4.62% prior to modification, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively. There were no loans which had a payment default (90 days or more past due) for loans modified as TDRs within the 12 month periods ending June 30, 2021 and June 30, 2020. For TDRs that subsequently default, the Company determines the amount of the allowance for the respective loans in accordance with the accounting policy for the allowance for credit losses on loans individually evaluated for impairment. As allowed by CECL, the Company elected to maintain pools of loans accounted for under ASC 310-30. At December 31, 2020, purchased credit impaired (“PCI”) loans totaled $746,000. In accordance with the CECL standard, management did not reassess whether modifications of individually acquired financial assets accounted for in pools were TDRs as of the date of adoption. Loans considered to be PCI prior to January 1, 2020 were converted to PCD loans on that date. Any additional loans acquired by the Company after January 1, 2020, that experience more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality after origination, will be classified as PCD loans. The table below is a summary of the PCD loans accounted for in accordance with ASC 310-26 that were acquired in the SB One acquisition as of the July 31, 2020 closing date (in thousands): Gross amortized cost basis at July 31, 2020 $ 315,784 Interest component of expected cash flows (accretable difference) (7,988) Fair value of PCD loans 307,796 Allowance for credit losses on PCD loans (13,586) Net PCD loans $ 294,210 At June 30, 2021, the balance of PCD loans totaled $264.8 million with a related allowance for credit losses of $11.0 million. The balance of PCD loans at December 31, 2020 was $296.6 million with a related allowance for credit losses of $13.1 million. The following table presents loans individually evaluated for impairment by class and loan category (in thousands): June 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 Unpaid Principal Balance Recorded Investment Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Unpaid Principal Balance Recorded Investment Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Loans with no related allowance Mortgage loans: Residential $ 12,489 9,832 — 9,923 226 13,981 11,380 — 11,587 511 Commercial 20,500 19,752 — 19,774 48 17,414 17,414 — 16,026 60 Multi-family — — — — — — — — — — Construction 2,200 2,190 — 2,127 23 — — — — — Total 35,189 31,774 — 31,824 297 31,395 28,794 — 27,613 571 Commercial loans 23,131 17,677 — 17,976 11 15,895 14,009 — 12,791 46 Consumer loans 1,433 907 — 918 51 1,382 880 — 7 50 Total impaired loans $ 59,753 50,358 — 50,718 359 48,672 43,683 — 40,411 667 Loans with an allowance recorded Mortgage loans: Residential $ 8,059 7,725 861 7,773 137 7,950 7,506 806 7,604 307 Commercial 18,305 14,727 2,272 15,284 24 14,993 12,483 3,414 123 570 Multi-family 1,164 1,164 300 1,168 32 — — — — — Total 27,528 23,616 3,433 24,225 193 22,943 19,989 4,220 7,727 877 Commercial loans 8,344 7,615 4,145 11,084 218 24,947 21,823 4,715 18,620 311 Consumer loans 416 410 35 413 11 565 551 39 5 20 Total impaired loans $ 36,288 31,641 7,613 35,722 422 48,455 42,363 8,974 26,352 1,208 Total impaired loans Mortgage loans: Residential $ 20,548 17,557 861 17,696 363 21,931 18,886 806 19,191 818 Commercial 38,805 34,479 2,272 35,058 72 32,407 29,897 3,414 16,149 630 Multi-family 1,164 1,164 300 1,168 32 — — — — — Construction 2,200 2,190 — 2,127 23 — — — — — Total 62,717 55,390 3,433 56,049 490 54,338 48,783 4,220 35,340 1,448 Commercial loans 31,475 25,292 4,145 29,060 229 40,842 35,832 4,715 31,411 357 Consumer loans 1,849 1,317 35 1,331 62 1,947 1,431 39 12 70 Total impaired loans $ 96,041 81,999 7,613 86,440 781 97,127 86,046 8,974 66,763 1,875 Specific allocations of the allowance for credit losses attributable to impaired loans totaled $7.6 million at June 30, 2021 and $9.0 million at December 31, 2020. At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, impaired loans for which there was no related allowance for credit losses totaled $50.4 million and $43.7 million, respectively. The average balance of impaired loans for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 was $86.4 million and $66.8 million, respectively. Management utilizes an internal nine-point risk rating system to summarize its loan portfolio into categories with similar risk characteristics. Loans deemed to be “acceptable quality” are rated 1 through 4, with a rating of 1 established for loans with minimal risk. Loans that are deemed to be of “questionable quality” are rated 5 (watch) or 6 (special mention). Loans with adverse classifications (substandard, doubtful or loss) are rated 7, 8 or 9, respectively. Commercial mortgage, commercial, multi-family and construction loans are rated individually, and each lending officer is responsible for risk rating loans in their portfolio. These risk ratings are then reviewed by the department manager and/or the Chief Lending Officer and by the Credit Department. The risk ratings are also confirmed through periodic loan review examinations which are currently performed by an independent third-party. Reports by the independent third-party are presented directly to the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. In response to COVID-19 and its adverse economic impact on both our commercial and retail borrowers, the Company implemented a modification program to defer principal or principal and interest payments for borrowers directly impacted by the pandemic and who were not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019, all in accordance with the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security ("CARES") Act. Loans granted COVID-19 related deferrals or modifications have decreased from a peak level of $1.31 billion, or 16.8% of loans, to $7.3 million of loans as of July 16, 2021, all of which are performing loans. The $7.3 million of loans in deferral consists of $300,000 in a second 90-day deferral period and $7.0 million in a third deferral period. Included in the $7.3 million of total loans in deferral, $3.9 million are secured by hotels, $2.1 million are secured by restaurants, $463,000 is secured by a special-purpose property, $431,000 are secured by retail properties, and $359,000 are secured by residential mortgages. Of the $6.9 million in commercial loans on deferral, all are under principal only deferral and are paying interest. In accordance with the CARES Act, the Company has elected to not apply troubled debt restructuring classification to any COVID-19 related loan modifications that were performed after March 1, 2020 to borrowers who were current as of December 31, 2019. Accordingly, these modifications are not classified as TDRs. In addition, the Company participated in the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) through the United States Department of the Treasury and Small Business Administration ("SBA"). As of June 30, 2021, the Company secured 2,066 PPP loans for its customers totaling $681.9 million, which includes both the initial round and the second round of PPP. As of June 30, 2021, 1,082 PPP loans totaling $372.5 million were forgiven. The balance at June 30, 2021 for PPP loans was $309.4 million. The PPP loans are fully guaranteed by the SBA and may be eligible for forgiveness by the SBA to the extent that the proceeds are used to cover eligible payroll costs, interest costs, rent, and utility costs over a period of up to 24 weeks after the loan was made as long as certain conditions are met regarding employee retention and compensation levels. PPP loans deemed eligible for forgiveness by the SBA will be repaid by the SBA to the Company. PPP loans are included in the commercial loan portfolio. The following table summarizes the Company's gross loans held for investment by year of origination and internally assigned credit grades (in thousands): At June 30, 2021 Total portfolio Residential Commercial mortgage Multi-family Construction Total Commercial Consumer Total Loans (1) Special mention $ 4,000 112,331 8,825 26,034 151,190 101,830 1,223 254,243 Substandard 14,461 91,640 2,598 2,967 111,666 121,959 1,914 235,539 Doubtful — 335 — — 335 5 — 340 Loss — — — — — — — — Total criticized and classified 18,461 204,306 11,423 29,001 263,191 223,794 3,137 490,122 Pass/Watch 1,235,363 3,367,110 1,349,741 636,883 6,589,097 2,130,405 345,348 9,064,850 Total $ 1,253,824 3,571,416 1,361,164 665,884 6,852,288 2,354,199 348,485 9,554,972 2021 Special mention $ — — — — — — — — Substandard (2) — — — — — 8,598 — 8,598 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — Total criticized and classified — — — — — 8,598 — 8,598 Pass/Watch 155,340 219,812 51,777 44,724 471,653 397,753 23,799 893,205 Total gross loans $ 155,340 219,812 51,777 44,724 471,653 406,351 23,799 901,803 2020 Special mention $ — — — 1,980 1,980 313 — 2,293 Substandard — — — — — 2,127 — 2,127 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — Total criticized and classified — — — 1,980 1,980 2,440 — 4,420 Pass/Watch 252,991 635,144 294,274 144,186 1,326,595 398,800 36,515 1,761,910 Total gross loans $ 252,991 635,144 294,274 146,166 1,328,575 401,240 36,515 1,766,330 2019 Special mention $ 658 28,711 676 16,819 46,864 6,195 — 53,059 Substandard 479 515 1,164 — 2,158 11,001 91 13,250 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — Total criticized and classified 1,137 29,226 1,840 16,819 49,022 17,196 91 66,309 Pass/Watch 134,657 622,561 176,107 288,843 1,222,168 225,881 41,893 1,489,942 Total gross loans $ 135,794 651,787 177,947 305,662 1,271,190 243,077 41,984 1,556,251 2018 Special mention $ — 8,866 — — 8,866 2,996 175 12,037 Substandard 1,700 27,787 — 2,967 32,454 8,741 — 41,195 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Loss — — — — — — — — Total criticized and classified 1,700 36,653 — 2,967 41,320 11,737 175 53,232 Pass/Watch 75,279 379,166 193,344 139,215 787,004 216,999 38,375 1,042,378 Total gross loans $ 76,979 415,819 193,344 142,182 828,324 228,736 38,550 1,095,610 2017 and prior Special mention $ 3,342 74,754 8,149 7,235 93,480 92,326 1,047 186,853 Substandard 12,282 63,338 1,434 — 77,054 91,492 1,824 170,370 Doubtful — 335 — — 335 5 — 340 Loss — — — — — — — — Total criticized and classified 15,624 138,427 9,583 7,235 170,869 183,823 2,871 357,563 Pass/Watch 617,096 1,510,427 634,239 19,915 2,781,677 890,972 204,766 3,877,415 Total gross loans $ 632,720 1,648,854 643,822 27,150 2,952,546 1,074,795 207,637 4,234,978 At December 31, 2020 Residential Commercial mortgage Multi-family Construction Total Commercial Consumer Total loans Special mention $ 2,882 124,631 29,781 24,376 181,670 157,080 1,867 340,617 Substandard 26,651 98,313 1,568 4,924 131,456 127,092 6,746 265,294 Doubtful — — — — — 52 — 52 Loss — — — — — — — — Total criticized and classified 29,533 222,944 31,349 29,300 313,126 284,224 8,613 605,963 Pass/Watch 1,265,169 3,235,722 1,453,166 512,639 6,466,696 2,283,246 483,953 9,233,895 Total $ 1,294,702 3,458,666 1,484,515 541,939 6,779,822 2,567,470 492,566 9,839,858 (1) Contained within criticized and classified loans at June 30, 2021 are loans that were granted payment deferrals related to COVID-19 totaling $7.3 million. (2) Includes an $8.5 million restructured loan, initially originated in 2015, which is classified as substandard pending the borrower’s ability to demonstrate a sustained period of payment performance (generally six |