Investments | 3. Investments Net Investment Income The components of net investment income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 are as follows: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 2015 2016 2015 Fixed income investments $ 41,078 $ 36,204 $ 118,382 $ 96,145 Equity investments 1,906 1,748 8,754 5,200 Other investments 22,804 (17,716 ) (201 ) (1,758 ) Cash and cash equivalents 392 515 2,043 2,108 $ 66,180 $ 20,751 $ 128,978 $ 101,695 Investment expenses (3,944 ) (4,218 ) (11,584 ) (11,049 ) Net investment income $ 62,236 $ 16,533 $ 117,394 $ 90,646 3. Investments, cont'd. Contractual maturities of the Company's fixed maturity and short-term investments are shown below as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 . Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015 Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value Due within one year $ 508,899 $ 509,417 $ 622,070 $ 622,248 Due after one year through five years 2,005,903 2,031,970 2,005,456 1,995,502 Due after five years through ten years 736,318 757,530 683,147 676,932 Due after ten years 45,303 48,537 33,168 34,651 Residential mortgage-backed securities 1,299,811 1,329,069 1,301,083 1,311,373 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 702,760 714,142 817,570 812,886 Collateralized loan and debt obligations 392,578 393,922 419,795 405,128 Asset-backed securities 464,826 466,873 510,540 507,255 Total $ 6,156,398 $ 6,251,460 $ 6,392,829 $ 6,365,975 The following table summarizes the fair value of the fixed maturity investments, short-term investments and equity securities classified as trading at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 : September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015 Fixed maturity investments U.S. government and agencies securities $ 396,468 $ 319,674 U.S. state and municipal securities 5,203 5,559 Foreign government securities 128,786 49,861 Government guaranteed corporate securities 31,526 38,201 Corporate securities 951,523 532,192 Residential mortgage-backed securities 391,704 258,574 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 181,569 127,124 Collateralized loan and debt obligations (1) 93,307 103,219 Asset-backed securities 213,266 152,756 Total fixed maturity investments 2,393,352 1,587,160 Short-term investments 226,454 394,111 Total fixed income investments $ 2,619,806 $ 1,981,271 Equity securities Equity investments $ 117 $ 48 Preferred equity investments 5,966 553 Short-term fixed income fund 17,037 14,628 Total equity securities $ 23,120 $ 15,229 (1) Balances include amounts related to collateralized debt obligations held with total fair values of $3.6 million and $38.5 million at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , respectively. In addition to the Company's fixed maturity, short-term and equity securities, the Company invests in alternative funds and specialty funds. The Company's alternative funds and specialty funds are recorded on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as "other investments." At September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , the Company had invested, net of capital returned, a total of $569.2 million and $737.1 million , respectively, in other investments. At September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , the carrying value of other investments was $679.0 million and $872.6 million , respectively. 3. Investments, cont'd. The following table summarizes the composition, unfunded commitments and redemption restrictions of other investments as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 : September 30, 2016 Market Value Unfunded Commitments Ineligible for Redemption over next 12 months Alternative funds Hedge funds $ 576,291 $ — $ 97,334 Private investment funds 76,665 95,846 76,665 Other investment funds 26,051 — 25,575 Total alternative funds 679,007 95,846 199,574 Total other investments $ 679,007 $ 95,846 $ 199,574 December 31, 2015 Market Value Unfunded Ineligible for Alternative funds Hedge funds $ 704,966 $ — $ 57,876 Private investment funds 80,690 102,070 80,690 Other investment funds 23,465 — 24,958 Total alternative funds 809,121 102,070 163,524 Specialty funds High yield loan funds 63,496 30,000 — Total specialty funds 63,496 30,000 — Total other investments $ 872,617 $ 132,070 $ 163,524 Hedge funds – The redemption frequency of the hedge funds in which the Company invests range from monthly to biennially with notice periods from 30 to 180 days. Over one year, it is estimated that the Company can liquidate approximately 83.1% of its hedge fund portfolio, with the remainder over the following two years. Private investment funds – The Company generally has no right to redeem its interest in any private investment fund in advance of dissolution of the applicable partnership. Instead, the nature of these investments is that distributions are received by the Company in connection with the liquidation of or distribution of earnings from the underlying assets of the applicable limited partnership. It is estimated that the majority of the underlying assets of the limited partnerships would liquidate over 5 to 10 years from inception of the limited partnership. A secondary market, with unpredictable liquidity, exists for limited partner interests in private equity funds. Other investment funds – Other investment funds includes funds on deposit with Lloyd's of London ("Lloyd's"), which are restricted, and the Company's investment in BCGR, which represents the net asset or liability of the Company's investment in BCGR that has not been deployed into the BCGR cell. High yield loan funds – There are generally no restrictions on the Company's right to redeem its interest in high yield loan funds with the exception of certain redemption frequency and notice requirements. The redemption frequency of these funds is monthly with notice periods from 30 to 60 days. 3. Investments, cont'd. Net Realized and Unrealized Gains Realized gains and losses are recognized in earnings using the first in, first out method. The analysis of gross realized gains and losses, net unrealized gains (losses) on trading securities, and the change in the fair value of investment-related derivative financial instruments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 is as follows: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 2015 2016 2015 Gross realized gains on investment sales $ 11,072 $ 20,107 $ 35,776 $ 57,420 Gross realized losses on investment sales (3,365 ) (8,236 ) (50,537 ) (18,190 ) Net unrealized gains (losses) on trading securities 6,153 (5,037 ) 48,229 (5,037 ) Change in fair value of investment-related derivative financial instruments (1) (455 ) (1,805 ) 71 (1,295 ) Net realized and unrealized gains $ 13,405 $ 5,029 $ 33,539 $ 32,898 (1) For additional information on the Company's derivative financial instruments, see Note 7, Derivatives. Unrealized Gains and Losses The Company classifies some of its investments in fixed maturity investments, short-term investments and equity securities as available for sale. The amortized cost, fair value and related gross unrealized gains and losses on the Company's securities classified as available for sale at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 are as follows: September 30, 2016 Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Fixed maturity investments U.S. government and agencies securities $ 338,564 $ 8,551 $ (79 ) $ 347,036 U.S. state and municipal securities 10,804 125 (157 ) 10,772 Foreign government securities 82,096 2,196 (2 ) 84,290 Government guaranteed corporate securities 9,613 298 — 9,911 Corporate securities 1,096,722 24,174 (345 ) 1,120,551 Residential mortgage-backed securities 912,540 25,283 (458 ) 937,365 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 523,921 11,920 (3,268 ) 532,573 Collateralized loan and debt obligations (1) 298,990 2,239 (614 ) 300,615 Asset-backed securities 252,432 1,860 (685 ) 253,607 Total fixed maturity investments 3,525,682 76,646 (5,608 ) 3,596,720 Short-term investments 34,934 — — 34,934 Total fixed income investments $ 3,560,616 $ 76,646 $ (5,608 ) $ 3,631,654 Equity securities Equity investments $ 330,971 $ 22,347 $ (2,068 ) $ 351,250 Emerging market debt funds 83,668 4,057 — 87,725 Convertible funds 46,331 2,313 — 48,644 Preferred equity investments 7,078 1,684 (110 ) 8,652 Short-term fixed income fund 128 3 — 131 Total equity securities $ 468,176 $ 30,404 $ (2,178 ) $ 496,402 (1) Balances include amounts related to collateralized debt obligations held with total fair values of $3.2 million . 3. Investments, cont'd. December 31, 2015 Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Fixed maturity investments U.S. government and agencies securities $ 499,386 $ 2,561 $ (3,153 ) $ 498,794 U.S. state and municipal securities 16,908 120 (181 ) 16,847 Foreign government securities 110,893 803 (581 ) 111,115 Government guaranteed corporate securities 19,248 311 (7 ) 19,552 Corporate securities 1,323,276 5,698 (11,232 ) 1,317,742 Residential mortgage-backed securities 1,041,540 16,400 (5,141 ) 1,052,799 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 689,078 4,737 (8,053 ) 685,762 Collateralized loan and debt obligations (1) 304,915 796 (3,802 ) 301,909 Asset-backed securities 356,753 585 (2,839 ) 354,499 Total fixed maturity investments 4,361,997 32,011 (34,989 ) 4,359,019 Short-term investments 25,657 28 — 25,685 Total fixed income investments $ 4,387,654 $ 32,039 $ (34,989 ) $ 4,384,704 Equity securities Equity investments $ 418,822 $ 6,834 $ (31,875 ) $ 393,781 Emerging market debt funds 61,874 — (5,453 ) 56,421 Convertible funds 46,331 — (146 ) 46,185 Preferred equity investments 15,275 1,946 (151 ) 17,070 Short-term fixed income funds 127 1 — 128 Total equity securities $ 542,429 $ 8,781 $ (37,625 ) $ 513,585 (1) Balances include amounts related to collateralized debt obligations held with total fair values of $11.4 million . 3. Investments, cont'd. The following tables summarize, for all available for sale securities in an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , the aggregate fair value and gross unrealized loss by length of time the security has continuously been in an unrealized loss position: Less than 12 months 12 months or greater Total September 30, 2016 Unrealized Losses (1) Fair Value Unrealized Losses (1) Fair Value Unrealized Losses (1) Fair Value Fixed maturity investments U.S. government and agencies securities $ (79 ) $ 24,932 $ — $ — $ (79 ) $ 24,932 U.S. state and municipal securities (74 ) 5,697 (83 ) 2,250 (157 ) 7,947 Foreign government securities (1 ) 1,349 (1 ) 549 (2 ) 1,898 Corporate securities (161 ) 65,619 (184 ) 19,814 (345 ) 85,433 Residential mortgage-backed securities (188 ) 29,949 (270 ) 36,070 (458 ) 66,019 Commercial mortgage-backed securities (1,356 ) 118,481 (1,912 ) 63,554 (3,268 ) 182,035 Collateralized loan and debt obligations (240 ) 18,373 (374 ) 52,084 (614 ) 70,457 Asset-backed securities (263 ) 49,423 (422 ) 31,248 (685 ) 80,671 Total fixed income investments $ (2,362 ) $ 313,823 $ (3,246 ) $ 205,569 $ (5,608 ) $ 519,392 Equity securities Equity investments $ (1,284 ) $ 15,453 $ (784 ) $ 14,222 $ (2,068 ) $ 29,675 Preferred equity investments (95 ) 1,614 (15 ) 235 (110 ) 1,849 Total equity securities $ (1,379 ) $ 17,067 $ (799 ) $ 14,457 $ (2,178 ) $ 31,524 (1) Gross unrealized losses include unrealized losses on non-OTTI and non-credit OTTI securities recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income at September 30, 2016 . As of September 30, 2016 , 478 available for sale securities were in an unrealized loss position aggregating $7.8 million . Of those, 210 securities with aggregated unrealized losses of $4.0 million had been in a continuous unrealized loss position for twelve months or greater. 3. Investments, cont'd. Less than 12 months 12 months or greater Total December 31, 2015 Unrealized Losses (1) Fair Value Unrealized Losses (1) Fair Value Unrealized Losses (1) Fair Value Fixed maturity investments U.S. government and agencies securities $ (2,175 ) $ 347,024 $ (978 ) $ 16,669 $ (3,153 ) $ 363,693 U.S. state and municipal securities (96 ) 9,662 (85 ) 695 (181 ) 10,357 Foreign government securities (404 ) 31,881 (177 ) 3,966 (581 ) 35,847 Government guaranteed corporate securities (7 ) 1,692 — — (7 ) 1,692 Corporate securities (9,222 ) 830,349 (2,010 ) 51,024 (11,232 ) 881,373 Residential mortgage-backed securities (3,378 ) 365,082 (1,763 ) 79,355 (5,141 ) 444,437 Commercial mortgage-backed securities (6,708 ) 436,387 (1,345 ) 42,246 (8,053 ) 478,633 Collateralized loan and debt obligations (3,107 ) 224,520 (695 ) 48,167 (3,802 ) 272,687 Asset-backed securities (2,624 ) 311,814 (215 ) 12,880 (2,839 ) 324,694 Total fixed income investments $ (27,721 ) $ 2,558,411 $ (7,268 ) $ 255,002 $ (34,989 ) $ 2,813,413 Equity securities Equity investments $ (31,875 ) $ 283,095 $ — $ — $ (31,875 ) $ 283,095 Emerging market debt funds — — (5,453 ) 56,421 (5,453 ) 56,421 Convertible funds (146 ) 46,185 — — (146 ) 46,185 Preferred equity investments (151 ) 7,361 — — (151 ) 7,361 Total equity securities $ (32,172 ) $ 336,641 $ (5,453 ) $ 56,421 $ (37,625 ) $ 393,062 (1) Gross unrealized losses include unrealized losses on non-OTTI and non-credit OTTI securities recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss at December 31, 2015 . As of December 31, 2015 , 1,310 available for sale securities were in an unrealized loss position aggregating $72.6 million . Of those, 158 securities with aggregated unrealized losses of $12.7 million had been in a continuous unrealized loss position for twelve months or greater. 3. Investments, cont'd. The decrease in gross unrealized losses on the Company's available for sale fixed income investments at September 30, 2016 compared to December 31, 2015 was primarily due to a decrease in interest rates during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 . At September 30, 2016 , the Company did not have the intent to sell any of the remaining fixed income investments in an unrealized loss position and determined that it was unlikely that the Company would be required to sell those securities in an unrealized loss position. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016 , the Company impaired certain equity securities that were in an unrealized loss position for more than twelve consecutive months. The Company recognized in earnings total other-than-temporary impairments of $0.2 million and $10.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 . Other Investments The Company is involved in the normal course of business with VIEs as a passive investor in residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities and through its interests in various other investments that are structured as limited partnerships considered to be third party VIEs. The Company determines whether it is the primary beneficiary of an entity subject to consolidation based on a qualitative assessment of the VIE's capital structure, contractual terms, nature of the VIE's operations and purpose and the Company's relative exposure to the related risks of the VIE on the date it becomes initially involved in the VIE. The Company reassesses its VIE determination with respect to an entity on an ongoing basis. The Company determined that it was not the primary beneficiary for any of these investments as of September 30, 2016 . The Company believes its exposure to loss with respect to these investments is generally limited to the investment carrying amounts reported in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and any unfunded investment commitments. Collateralized Reinsurance Entities As of September 30, 2016 , Endurance Holdings and Endurance Bermuda together owned 33.3% of BCRH's common shares. BCRH is considered a VIE under U.S. GAAP due to service agreements for investment management, underwriting and insurance management and administrative services between BCRH and BCML, and the economic penalty to terminate the service agreements by BCRH. The Company has determined that it is BCRH's primary beneficiary due to its ability to direct the activities of BCRH through BCML along with its economic interest in BCRH. As a result, the Company fully consolidates the assets, liabilities and operations of BCRH and its subsidiaries within its Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The interests in BCRH and its subsidiaries that the Company fully consolidates that are attributable to third-party investors are reported within the Company's Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements as non-controlling interests. BCRH's shareholder rights do not include redemption features within the control of the third party shareholders. The Company reassesses its VIE determination with respect to BCRH on an ongoing basis. As of September 30, 2016 , Endurance Bermuda owned 25.2% of BCGR's ordinary shares. BCGR is considered a "voting interest entity" under U.S. GAAP and, because the Company owns less than 50% of its outstanding ordinary shares, the Company does not consolidate BCGR's assets, liabilities or operations within its Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. However, the BCGR Cell and Blue Water Re Ltd. ("Blue Water Re"), the Company's wholly-owned Bermuda-based special purpose insurance vehicle, are considered VIEs under U.S. GAAP due to service agreements for investment management, underwriting and insurance management and administrative services between Blue Water Re and BCML. The Company has determined that it is the primary beneficiary of these entities due to its ability to direct the activities of Blue Water Re and the BCGR Cell along with its economic interest in these entities. Therefore, as funds held in BCGR are invested in the BCGR Cell, and ultimately into Blue Water Re, they are included in the Company's Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Conversely, as funds previously invested by BCGR and the BCGR Cell into Blue Water Re are returned to BCGR, they are no longer included in the Company's Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The interests in the BCGR Cell and Blue Water Re that the Company fully consolidates that are attributable to third-party investors are reported within the Company's Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements as non-controlling interests. BCGR's shareholder rights do not include redemption features within the control of the third party shareholders. The Company reassesses its VIE determinations with respect to the BCGR Cell and Blue Water Re on an ongoing basis. 3. Investments, cont'd. The following table summarizes the movements in the non-redeemable non-controlling interests balance during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 : Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 2015 2016 2015 Non-controlling interests, beginning of period $ 259,851 $ 258,529 $ 267,810 $ 258,529 Income attributable to third-party investments in the BCGR Cell 3,453 821 11,603 821 Income attributable to third-party investments in BCRH 2,226 1,886 6,853 1,886 Net income attributable to non-controlling interests 5,679 2,707 18,456 2,707 Net preferred share redemptions attributable to third-party investments in the BCGR Cell (1) (6,800 ) — (16,807 ) — Net investments attributable to third-parties in BCRH 20 (7 ) 53 (7 ) Net change in third-party investments in non-controlling interests (6,780 ) (7 ) (16,754 ) (7 ) Dividends declared by BCRH attributable to non-controlling interests (1,757 ) (1,755 ) (12,519 ) (1,755 ) Non-controlling interests, end of period $ 256,993 $ 259,474 $ 256,993 $ 259,474 (1) The redemption from the BCGR Cell during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 was required to fund expenses, repay debt and fund dividends by BCGR. |