Fair Value Measurement | 9 Months Ended |
Sep. 30, 2014 |
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] | ' |
Fair Value Measurement | ' |
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4 | Fair value measurement | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The Company determines the fair value of the fixed maturity investments, short-term investments, equity securities, other investments, debt, and other assets and liabilities in accordance with current accounting guidance, which defines fair value and establishes a fair value hierarchy based on inputs to the various valuation techniques used for each fair value measurement. The Company determines the estimated fair value of each individual security utilizing the highest level inputs available. Valuation inputs by security type may include the following: |
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• | Government and agencies fixed maturity securities – These securities are generally priced by pricing services or index providers. The pricing services or index providers may use current market trades for securities with similar quality, maturity and coupon. If no such trades are available, the pricing service typically uses analytical models which may incorporate option adjusted spreads, daily interest rate data and market/sector news. The Company generally classifies the fair values of government and agencies securities in Level 2. Current issue U.S. government securities are generally valued based on Level 1 inputs, which use the market approach valuation technique. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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• | Government guaranteed corporate fixed maturity securities – These securities are generally priced by pricing services or index providers. The pricing service or index providers may use current market trades for securities with similar quality, maturity and coupon. If no such trades are available, the pricing service typically uses analytical spread models which may incorporate inputs from the U.S treasury curve or LIBOR. The Company generally classifies the fair values of its government guaranteed corporate securities in Level 2. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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• | Corporate fixed maturity securities – These securities are generally priced by pricing services or index providers. The pricing services or index providers typically use discounted cash flow models that incorporate benchmark curves for treasury, swap and high issuance credits. Credit spreads are developed from current market observations for like or similar securities. The Company generally classifies the fair values of its corporate securities in Level 2. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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• | Equity securities – These securities are generally priced by pricing services or index providers. Depending on the type of underlying equity security or equity fund, the securities are priced by pricing services or index providers based on quoted market prices in active markets or through a discounted cash flow model that incorporates benchmark curves for treasury, swap and credits for like or similar securities. The Company generally classifies the fair values of its equity securities in Level 1 or 2. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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• | Other assets and liabilities – A portion of other assets and liabilities are composed of a variety of derivative instruments used to enhance the efficiency of the investment portfolio and economically hedge certain risks. These instruments are generally priced by pricing services, broker/dealers and/or recent trading activity. The market value approach valuation technique is used to estimate the fair value for these derivatives based on significant observable market inputs. Certain derivative instruments are priced by pricing services based on quoted market prices in active markets. These derivative instruments are generally classified in Level 1. Other derivative instruments are priced using industry valuation models and are considered Level 2, as the inputs to the valuation model are based on observable market inputs. Also included in this line item are proprietary, non-exchange traded derivative-based risk management products primarily used to address weather and energy risks. The trading market for these weather derivatives are generally linked to energy and agriculture commodities, weather and other natural phenomena. In instances where market prices are not available, the Company uses industry or internally developed valuation techniques such as spread option, Black Scholes, quanto and simulation modeling to determine fair value and classifies these in Level 3. These models may reference prices for similar instruments. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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• | Structured securities including agency and non-agency, residential and commercial, mortgage and asset-backed securities and collateralized loan and debt obligations – These securities are generally priced by broker/dealers. Broker/dealers may use current market trades for securities with similar qualities. If no such trades are available, inputs such as bid and offer, prepayment speeds, the U.S. treasury curve, swap curve and cash settlement may be used in a discounted cash flow model to determine the fair value of a security. The Company generally classifies the fair values of its structured securities in Level 2. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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4 | Fair value measurement, cont'd. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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• | Other investments – Other investments are comprised of alternative funds and specialty funds and are generally priced on net asset values (“NAV”) received from the fund managers or administrators. Due to the timing of the delivery of the final NAV by certain of the fund managers, valuations of certain alternative funds and specialty funds are estimated based on the most recently available information, including period end NAVs, period end estimates, or, in some cases, prior month or prior quarter NAVs. As this valuation technique incorporates both observable and significant unobservable inputs, the Company generally classifies the fair value of its other investments in Level 3. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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• | Debt – Outstanding debt consists of the Company’s 6.15% Senior Notes due October 15, 2015 and the 7.0% Senior Notes due July 15, 2034 (the “Senior Notes”). The fair values of these securities were obtained from a third party pricing service and pricing was based on the spread above the risk-free yield curve. These spreads are generally obtained from the new issue market, secondary trading and broker-dealer quotes. As these spreads and the yields for the risk-free yield curve are observable market inputs, the fair values of the Senior Notes are classified in Level 2. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, accrued investment income, net receivable on sales of investments, net payable on purchases of investments and other financial instruments not described above approximated their fair values at September 30, 2014. |
Transfers between levels are assumed to occur at the end of each period. |
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4 | Fair value measurement, cont'd. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The following table sets forth the Company’s available for sale investments, other investments, other assets and liabilities and debt categorized by the level within the hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall at September 30, 2014: |
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| Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2014 | | | | |
| Total at | | Quoted | | Significant | | Significant | | | | |
September 30, 2014 | Prices in | Other | Unobservable | | | | |
| Active | Observable | Inputs | | | | |
| Markets for | Inputs | (Level 3) | | | | |
| Identical | (Level 2) | | | | | |
| Assets | | | | | | |
| (Level 1) | | | | | | |
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fixed maturity investments | | | | | | | | | | | |
U.S. government and agencies securities | $ | 514,672 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 514,672 | | | $ | — | | | | | |
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U.S. state and municipal securities | 31,487 | | | — | | | 31,487 | | | — | | | | | |
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Foreign government securities | 205,693 | | | — | | | 205,693 | | | — | | | | | |
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Government guaranteed corporate securities | 46,201 | | | — | | | 46,201 | | | — | | | | | |
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Corporate securities | 1,280,366 | | | — | | | 1,279,666 | | | 700 | | | | | |
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Residential mortgage-backed securities | 1,203,322 | | | — | | | 1,203,294 | | | 28 | | | | | |
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Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 965,696 | | | — | | | 962,868 | | | 2,828 | | | | | |
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Collateralized loan and debt obligations | 207,214 | | | — | | | 206,574 | | | 640 | | | | | |
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Asset-backed securities | 416,769 | | | — | | | 413,772 | | | 2,997 | | | | | |
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Total fixed maturity investments | $ | 4,871,420 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 4,864,227 | | | $ | 7,193 | | | | | |
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Equity securities | | | | | | | | | | | |
Equity investments | 182,514 | | | 123,283 | | | 59,231 | | | — | | | | | |
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Emerging market debt funds | 61,862 | | | — | | | 61,862 | | | — | | | | | |
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Preferred equity investments | 14,317 | | | — | | | 14,317 | | | — | | | | | |
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Short-term fixed income fund | 9,035 | | | 9,035 | | | — | | | — | | | | | |
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Total equity securities | $ | 267,728 | | | $ | 132,318 | | | $ | 135,410 | | | $ | — | | | | | |
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Short-term investments | 11,844 | | | — | | | 11,844 | | | — | | | | | |
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Other investments | 658,678 | | | — | | | — | | | 658,678 | | | | | |
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Other assets (see Note 7) | 147,488 | | | — | | | 132,666 | | | 14,822 | | | | | |
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Total assets | $ | 5,957,158 | | | $ | 132,318 | | | $ | 5,144,147 | | | $ | 680,693 | | | | | |
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Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other liabilities (see Note 7) | $ | 95,704 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 79,788 | | | $ | 15,916 | | | | | |
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Debt | 615,568 | | | — | | | 615,568 | | | — | | | | | |
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Total liabilities | $ | 711,272 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 695,356 | | | $ | 15,916 | | | | | |
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During the three months ended September 30, 2014, $2.2 million of commercial mortgage-backed securities were transferred into Level 3 as no observable inputs were available, and $5.0 million of primarily residential mortgage-backed securities and collateralized loan and debt obligations were transferred out of Level 3 to Level 2 during the period as market activity for these securities increased and observable inputs became available. |
During the nine months ended September 30, 2014, $7.2 million of primarily commercial and residential mortgage-backed securities were transferred into Level 3 as no observable inputs were available, and $6.8 million of primarily commercial and residential mortgage-backed securities and collateralized loan and debt obligations were transferred out of Level 3 as market activity for these securities increased and observable inputs became available. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, $6.6 million of U.S. government and agencies securities were transferred from Level 1 to Level 2 as they no longer qualified as on the run U.S. treasury securities. |
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4 | Fair value measurement, cont'd. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The following table sets forth the Company’s available for sale investments, other investments, other assets and liabilities and debt categorized by the level within the hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall at December 31, 2013: |
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| Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2013 | | | | |
| Total at | | Quoted | | Significant | | Significant | | | | |
December 31, 2013 | Prices in | Other | Unobservable | | | | |
| Active | Observable | Inputs | | | | |
| Markets for | Inputs | (Level 3) | | | | |
| Identical | (Level 2) | | | | | |
| Assets | | | | | | |
| (Level 1) | | | | | | |
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fixed maturity investments | | | | | | | | | | | |
U.S. government and agencies securities | $ | 769,343 | | | $ | 20,248 | | | $ | 749,095 | | | $ | — | | | | | |
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U.S. state and municipal securities | 26,854 | | | — | | | 26,854 | | | — | | | | | |
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Foreign government securities | 182,647 | | | — | | | 182,647 | | | — | | | | | |
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Government guaranteed corporate securities | 35,145 | | | — | | | 35,145 | | | — | | | | | |
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Corporate securities | 1,227,299 | | | — | | | 1,226,553 | | | 746 | | | | | |
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Residential mortgage-backed securities | 1,187,191 | | | — | | | 1,186,943 | | | 248 | | | | | |
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Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 947,677 | | | — | | | 946,794 | | | 883 | | | | | |
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Collateralized loan and debt obligations | 94,552 | | | — | | | 92,095 | | | 2,457 | | | | | |
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Asset-backed securities | 353,256 | | | — | | | 350,262 | | | 2,994 | | | | | |
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Total fixed maturity investments | $ | 4,823,964 | | | $ | 20,248 | | | $ | 4,796,388 | | | $ | 7,328 | | | | | |
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Equity securities | | | | | | | | | | | |
Equity investments | 174,669 | | | 117,776 | | | 56,893 | | | — | | | | | |
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Emerging market debt funds | 60,844 | | | — | | | 60,844 | | | — | | | | | |
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Preferred equity investments | 8,223 | | | — | | | 8,223 | | | — | | | | | |
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Short-term fixed income fund | 8,730 | | | 8,730 | | | — | | | — | | | | | |
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Total equity securities | $ | 252,466 | | | $ | 126,506 | | | $ | 125,960 | | | $ | — | | | | | |
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Short-term investments | 35,028 | | | — | | | 35,028 | | | — | | | | | |
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Other investments | 617,478 | | | — | | | — | | | 617,478 | | | | | |
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Other assets (see Note 7) | 108,272 | | | — | | | 94,234 | | | 14,038 | | | | | |
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Total assets | $ | 5,837,208 | | | $ | 146,754 | | | $ | 5,051,610 | | | $ | 638,844 | | | | | |
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Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other liabilities (see Note 7) | $ | 49,452 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 29,883 | | | $ | 19,569 | | | | | |
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Debt | 575,115 | | | — | | | 575,115 | | | — | | | | | |
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Total liabilities | $ | 624,567 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 604,998 | | | $ | 19,569 | | | | | |
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Level 3 assets represented 11.4% and 10.9% of the Company’s total available for sale investments, other investments and derivative instruments at September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. Level 3 securities are primarily comprised of non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities, investments in alternative and specialty funds, and weather derivatives. The NAV used to measure the fair value of the Company’s other investments are generally derived from the underlying investments held within the funds. Although the Company does not have direct access to detailed financial information related to the underlying investments of the funds, the Company obtains and reviews fund financial statements, internal control review reports, and industry benchmarking reports to determine the reasonability of the NAV of the funds. There were no material changes in the Company’s valuation techniques for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. |
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4 | Fair value measurement, cont'd. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other assets and other liabilities measured at fair value at September 30, 2014 include assets of $14.8 million (2013 - $14.0 million) and liabilities of $15.9 million (2013 - $19.6 million) related to proprietary, non-exchange traded derivative-based risk management products used in the Company’s weather risk management business, and hedging and trading activities related to these risks. In instances where market prices are not available, the Company may use industry or internally developed valuation techniques such as historical analysis and simulation modeling to determine fair value and are considered Level 3. |
Observable and unobservable inputs to these valuation techniques vary by contract requirements and commodity type, are validated using market-based or independently sourced parameters where applicable and may include the following: |
•Observable inputs: contract price, notional, option strike, term to expiry, interest rate, contractual limits; |
•Unobservable inputs: correlation; and |
•Both observable and unobservable: forward commodity price, forward weather curve. |
The Company’s weather curves are determined by taking the average payouts for each transaction within its portfolio utilizing detrended historical weather measurements. The Company’s commodity curves are determined using historical market data scaled to currently observed market prices. The range of each unobservable input could vary based on the specific commodity, including, but not limited to natural gas, electricity, crude, liquids, temperature or precipitation. Due to the diversity of the portfolio, the range of unobservable inputs could be wide-spread as reflected in the below table on quantitative information. |
If a trade has one or more significant valuation inputs that are unobservable, such trades are initially valued at the transaction price, which is considered to be the best initial estimate of fair value. Subsequent to the initial valuation, the Company updates market observable inputs to reflect observable market changes. The unobservable inputs are validated at each reporting period and are only changed when corroborated by evidence such as similar market transactions, third-party pricing services and/or broker or dealer quotations or other empirical market data. |
Changes in any or all of the unobservable inputs listed above may contribute positively or negatively to the overall portfolio fair value depending upon the underlying position. In general, movements in weather curves are the largest contributing factor that impacts fair value. |
Below is a summary of quantitative information regarding the significant unobservable inputs used in determining the fair value of the net weather and energy related derivative liabilities classified in Level 3 that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2014: |
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| 30-Sep-14 | | |
| Fair Value | | Valuation | | Unobservable | | Low | | High | | Weighted Average | | |
(Level 3) | Techniques | Inputs | or Actual | | |
| (U.S. dollars in thousands, except for correlation and commodity curve) | | |
Net weather and energy related derivative liabilities | $ | (1,094 | ) | | Historical | | Correlation | | 0 | | | 1 | | | Actual | | |
Analysis and Simulation | | |
| | | | | Weather curve | | $ | 400 | | | $ | 2,500 | | | Actual | | |
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| | | | | Commodity curve | | $ | 28.5 | | | $ | 122.2 | | | Actual | | |
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There were no impairment losses on Level 3 securities recognized in earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 or 2013. |
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4 | Fair value measurement, cont'd. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The following tables present a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs during the three months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013: |
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| Three Months Ended September 30, 2014 |
| Fixed maturity | | Other | | Other assets | | Total assets | | Other |
investments | investments | liabilities |
Level 3, beginning of period | $ | 9,515 | | | $ | 648,642 | | | $ | 10,992 | | | $ | 669,149 | | | $ | (10,284 | ) |
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Total equity income and realized gains included in earnings | 9 | | | 10,913 | | | — | | | 10,922 | | | — | |
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Total equity losses and losses included in earnings | (6 | ) | | (12,698 | ) | | — | | | (12,704 | ) | | — | |
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Total income included in other underwriting income (loss) | — | | | — | | | 3,180 | | | 3,180 | | | 4,794 | |
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Total loss included in other underwriting income (loss) | — | | | — | | | (5,235 | ) | | (5,235 | ) | | (3,719 | ) |
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Change in unrealized gains included in other comprehensive (loss) income | 245 | | | — | | | — | | | 245 | | | — | |
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Change in unrealized losses included in other comprehensive (loss) income | (104 | ) | | — | | | — | | | (104 | ) | | — | |
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Purchases | 842 | | | 26,190 | | | 1,501 | | | 28,533 | | | (751 | ) |
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Issues | — | | | — | | | 7,331 | | | 7,331 | | | (10,917 | ) |
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Sales | (545 | ) | | (14,369 | ) | | — | | | (14,914 | ) | | — | |
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Settlements | — | | | — | | | (2,947 | ) | | (2,947 | ) | | 4,961 | |
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Transfers into Level 3 | 2,198 | | | — | | | — | | | 2,198 | | | — | |
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Transfers out of Level 3 | (4,961 | ) | | — | | | — | | | (4,961 | ) | | — | |
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Level 3, end of period | $ | 7,193 | | | $ | 658,678 | | | $ | 14,822 | | | $ | 680,693 | | | $ | (15,916 | ) |
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| Three Months Ended September 30, 2013 |
| Fixed maturity | | Other | | Other assets | | Total assets | | Other |
investments | investments | liabilities |
Level 3, beginning of period | $ | 7,546 | | | $ | 569,393 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 576,939 | | | $ | — | |
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Total equity income and realized gains included in earnings | 56 | | | 19,108 | | | — | | | 19,164 | | | — | |
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Total equity losses and losses included in earnings | (15 | ) | | (5,864 | ) | | — | | | (5,879 | ) | | — | |
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Total income included in other underwriting income (loss) | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
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Total loss included in other underwriting income (loss) | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
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Change in unrealized gains included in other comprehensive (loss) income | 111 | | | — | | | — | | | 111 | | | — | |
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Change in unrealized losses included in other comprehensive (loss) income | (62 | ) | | — | | | — | | | (62 | ) | | — | |
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Purchases | — | | | 16,597 | | | — | | | 16,597 | | | — | |
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Sales | (1,879 | ) | | (5,078 | ) | | — | | | (6,957 | ) | | — | |
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Transfers in to Level 3 | 7,903 | | | — | | | — | | | 7,903 | | | — | |
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Transfers out of Level 3 | (1,202 | ) | | — | | | — | | | (1,202 | ) | | — | |
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Level 3, end of period | $ | 12,458 | | | $ | 594,156 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 606,614 | | | $ | — | |
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4 | Fair value measurement, cont'd. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The following tables present a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs during the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013: |
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| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014 |
| Fixed maturity | | Other | | Other assets | | Total assets | | Other |
investments | investments | liabilities |
Level 3, beginning of period | $ | 7,328 | | | $ | 617,478 | | | $ | 14,038 | | | $ | 638,844 | | | $ | (19,569 | ) |
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Total equity income and realized gains included in earnings | 62 | | | 46,385 | | | — | | | 46,447 | | | — | |
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Total equity losses and losses included in earnings | (32 | ) | | (23,844 | ) | | — | | | (23,876 | ) | | — | |
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Total income included in other underwriting income (loss) | — | | | — | | | 18,396 | | | 18,396 | | | 24,842 | |
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Total loss included in other underwriting income (loss) | — | | | — | | | (23,845 | ) | | (23,845 | ) | | (20,672 | ) |
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Change in unrealized gains included in other comprehensive (loss) income | 445 | | | — | | | — | | | 445 | | | — | |
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Change in unrealized losses included in other comprehensive (loss) income | (255 | ) | | — | | | — | | | (255 | ) | | — | |
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Purchases | 842 | | | 52,731 | | | 1,501 | | | 55,074 | | | (751 | ) |
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Issues | — | | | — | | | 10,912 | | | 10,912 | | | (18,080 | ) |
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Sales | (1,585 | ) | | (34,072 | ) | | — | | | (35,657 | ) | | — | |
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Settlements | — | | | — | | | (6,180 | ) | | (6,180 | ) | | 18,314 | |
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Transfers in to Level 3 | 7,201 | | | — | | | — | | | 7,201 | | | — | |
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Transfers out of Level 3 | (6,813 | ) | | — | | | — | | | (6,813 | ) | | — | |
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Level 3, end of period | $ | 7,193 | | | $ | 658,678 | | | $ | 14,822 | | | $ | 680,693 | | | $ | (15,916 | ) |
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| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 |
| Fixed maturity | | Other | | Other assets | | Total assets | | Other |
investments | investments | liabilities |
Level 3, beginning of period | $ | 8,497 | | | $ | 517,546 | | | $ | 882 | | | $ | 526,925 | | | $ | (1,922 | ) |
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Total equity income and realized gains included in earnings | 104 | | | 61,010 | | | — | | | 61,114 | | | — | |
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Total equity losses and losses included in earnings | (17 | ) | | (17,927 | ) | | — | | | (17,944 | ) | | — | |
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Total income included in other underwriting income (loss) | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 2,354 | |
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Total loss included in other underwriting income (loss) | — | | | — | | | (1,182 | ) | | (1,182 | ) | | — | |
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Change in unrealized gains included in other comprehensive income (loss) | 438 | | | — | | | — | | | 438 | | | — | |
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Change in unrealized losses included in other comprehensive income (loss) | (270 | ) | | — | | | — | | | (270 | ) | | — | |
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Purchases | — | | | 62,011 | | | — | | | 62,011 | | | — | |
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Issues | — | | | — | | | 300 | | | 300 | | | (432 | ) |
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Sales | (6,081 | ) | | (28,484 | ) | | — | | | (34,565 | ) | | — | |
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Transfers in to Level 3 | 11,550 | | | — | | | — | | | 11,550 | | | — | |
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Transfers out of Level 3 | (1,763 | ) | | — | | | — | | | (1,763 | ) | | — | |
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Level 3, end of period | $ | 12,458 | | | $ | 594,156 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 606,614 | | | $ | — | |
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