Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies There have been no significant changes in the Company’s significant accounting policies during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 as compared with those disclosed in its audited annual financial statements included in its final prospectus filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) pursuant to R ule 424(b)(4) on June 25, 2015 relating to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-204091) for the Company’s IPO . Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). Use of Estimates The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Management considers many factors in selecting appropriate financial accounting policies and controls and in developing the estimates and assumptions that are used in the preparation of these financial statements. Management must apply significant judgment in this process. In addition, other factors may affect estimates, including expected business and operational changes, sensitivity and volatility associated with the assumptions used in developing estimates, and whether historical trends are expected to be representative of future trends. The estimation process often may yield a range of potentially reasonable estimates of the ultimate future outcomes, and management must select an amount that falls within that range of reasonable estimates. The most significant estimates in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements relate to revenue recognition, clinical trial expense accruals, collectability reserves, inventory reserves, fair value of the stock warrant liability and stock-based compensation expense. Although these estimates are based on the Company’s knowledge of current events and actions it may undertake in the future, this process may result in actual results differing materially from those estimated amounts used in the preparation of the financial statements. Unaudited Interim Financial Information The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited. The unaudited interim financial statements have been prepared on a basis consistent with the audited financial statements and follow the requirements of the SEC for interim reporting. As permitted under those rules, certain footnotes and other financial information that are normally required by GAAP can be condensed or omitted. In the opinion of management, the unaudited interim financial statements reflect all adjustments, which include normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s financial position as of September 30, 2015 and its results of operations, comprehensive loss and cash flows for the periods presented. These interim financial statements do not include all disclosures required by GAAP and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s financial statements and accompanying notes for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014, which are contained in the Company’s final prospectus filed by the Company with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b)(4) on June 25, 2015 relating to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A (File No. 333-204091) for the Company’s IPO. The results for the periods ended September 30, 2015 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ended December 31, 2015 or for any other interim period. Foreign Currency Translation The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars. The Company considers the local currency to be the functional currency for its international subsidiaries – the Australian Dollar for Glaukos Australia Pty. Ltd., the Canadian Dollar for Glaukos Canada Inc., the Euro for Glaukos Europe GmbH and the Yen for Glaukos Japan GK. Accordingly, their assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars using the exchange rate in effect on the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates prevailing throughout the periods presented. Currency translation adjustments arising from period to period are charged or credited to accumulated other comprehensive income in stockholders’ equity (deficit). For the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, the Company reported income from foreign currency translation adjustments of approximately $12,000 and $31,000, respectively . For the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, the Company reported income from foreign currency translation adjustments of approximately $51,000 and $53,000, respectively . Realized gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in the consolidated statements of operations. For the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, the Company reported foreign currency transaction losses of approximately $30,000 and $20,000 , respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, the Company reported foreign currency transaction losses of approximately $115,000 and $34,000, respectively . Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company invests its excess cash in investment-grade marketable securities, including money market funds, money market securities, corporate bonds, and corporate commercial paper and U.S. government agency bonds. For financial reporting purposes, liquid investment instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less are considered to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are recorded at face value or cost, which approximates fair market value. From time to time, the Company maintains cash balances in excess of amounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Commission (FDIC). Investments are stated at fair value as determined by quoted market prices. Investments are considered available-for-sale and, accordingly, unrealized gains and losses are included in accumulated other comprehensive income within stockholders’ equity (deficit). The Company’s entire investment portfolio, except for restricted cash, is considered to be available for use in current operations and, accordingly, all such investments are stated at fair value using quoted market prices and classified as current assets, although the stated maturity of individual investments may be one year or more beyond the balance sheet date. The Company did not have any trading securities or restricted investments at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014. Realized gains and losses and declines in value, if any, judged to be other-than-temporary or available-for-sale securities, are reported in interest income or expense, net. When securities are sold, any associated unrealized gain or loss previously reported as a separate component of stockholders’ equity is reclassified out of stockholders’ equity and recorded in the statements of operations in the period sold. Accrued interest and dividends are included in interest income. The Company periodically reviews its available-for-sale securities for other-than-temporary declines in fair value below the cost basis, and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Restricted Cash The Company has a credit card facility with its primary operating bank which is collateralized by certificates of deposits maintained at the bank Fair Value Measurements Assets and liabilities are measured using quoted prices in active markets and total fair value is the published market price per unit multiplied by the number of units held without consideration of transaction costs. Assets and liabilities that are measured using significant other observable inputs are valued by reference to similar assets or liabilities, adjusted for contract restrictions and other terms specific to that asset or liability. For these items, a significant portion of fair value is derived by reference to quoted prices of similar assets or liabilities in active markets. For all remaining assets and liabilities, fair value is derived using a fair value model, such as a discounted cash flow model or Black-Scholes model. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying amounts of accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities are considered to be representative of their respective fair values because of the short-term nature of those instruments. Based on the borrowing rates currently available to the Company for loans with similar terms, the Company believes that the fair value of long-term debt approximates its carrying value. The carrying amount of the warrant liability and non-controlling interest represent their fair values. The valuation of assets and liabilities are subject to fair value measurements using a three-tiered approach and fair value measurements are classified and disclosed by the Company in one of the following three categories: Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities; Level 2: Quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability; and Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported by little or no market activity). Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue from product sales when the following criteria are met: goods are shipped, title and risk of loss has transferred to its customers, persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists and collectability is reasonably assured. Persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists when there is a contractual arrangement in place with the customer. Delivery has occurred when a product is shipped. If persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists and delivery has occurred, the Company determines whether the invoiced amount is fixed or determinable and collectability of the invoiced amount is reasonably assured. The Company assesses whether the invoiced amount is fixed or determinable based on the existing arrangement with the customer, including whether the Company has sufficient history with a customer to reliably estimate the customer’s payment patterns. The Company assesses collectability by evaluating historical cash receipts and individual customer outstanding balances. To the extent all criteria set forth above are not satisfied at the time of shipment, revenue is recognized when cash is received from the customer. Customers are not granted specific rights of return; however, the Company may permit returns of product from customers if such product is returned in a timely manner and in good condition. The Company provides a warranty on its products for one year from the date of shipment, and any product found to be defective or out of specification will be replaced at no charge during the warranty period. Estimated allowances for sales returns and warranty replacements are recorded at the time of sale of the product and are estimated based upon the historical patterns of product returns matched against sales, and an evaluation of specific factors that may increase the risk of product returns. Product returns and warranty replacements to date have been consistent with amounts reserved or accrued and have not been significant. Stock Warrants The Company has issued freestanding warrants to purchase shares of its common stock, which are accounted for as a liability because they contain a down-round protection provision that is outside the control of the Company. The warrants are recorded on the Company’s balance sheet at their fair value as determined on the date of issuance and are revalued at each subsequent balance sheet date, with fair value changes recognized as other income or expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company will continue to adjust the liability for changes in fair value until the earlier of the exercise or expiration of the warrants. The Company estimates the fair value of the liability using option pricing models and assumptions that are based on the individual characteristics of the warrants or instruments on the valuation date, including assumptions for expected volatility, expected life, yield, and risk-free interest rate. Research and Development Expenses Major components of research and development expense include personnel costs, preclinical studies, clinical trials and related clinical product manufacturing, materials and supplies, and fees paid to consultants. Research and development costs are expensed as goods are received or services are rendered. Costs to acquire technologies to be used in research and development that have not reached technological feasibility and have no alternative future use are also expensed as incurred. At each financial reporting date, the Company accrues the estimated costs of clinical study activities performed by third party clinical sites with whom the Company has agreements that provide for fees based upon the quantities of subjects enrolled and clinical evaluation visits that occur over the life of the study. The estimates are determined based upon a review of the agreements and data collected by internal and external clinical personnel as to the status of enrollment and subject visits, and are based upon the facts and circumstances known to the Company at each financial reporting date. If the actual performance of activities varies from the assumptions used in the estimates, the accruals are adjusted accordingly. There have been no material adjustments to the Company’s prior period accrued estimates for clinical trial activities through September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014. Stock-Based Compensation The Company recognizes compensation expense for all stock-based awards granted to employees and nonemployees, including members of its Board of Directors. The fair value of stock-based awards made to employees is estimated at the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, and the portion that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as compensation cost over the requisite service period using the straight-line method. The determination of the fair value-based measurement of stock options on the date of grant using an option pricing model is affected by the determination of the fair value of the underlying stock as well as assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. These variables include, but are not limited to, the Company’s stock price volatility over the expected term of the grants, and actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors. In the future, as additional empirical evidence regarding these estimates becomes available, the Company may change or refine its approach of deriving them, and these changes could impact the fair value-based measurement of stock options granted in the future. Changes in the fair value-based measurement of stock awards could materially impact the Company’s operating results. The fair values of stock-based awards made to nonemployees are remeasured at each reporting period using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Compensation expense for these stock-based awards is determined by applying the remeasured fair values to the shares that have vested during a period. Net Loss Per Share Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares that were outstanding for the period, without consideration for common stock equivalents. Diluted net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the sum of the weighted average number of dilutive common share equivalents outstanding for the period determined using the treasury-stock method. Common stock equivalents are comprised of convertible preferred stock, preferred stock warrants, and stock options outstanding under the Company’s stock option plans. The calculation of diluted net loss per share requires that, to the extent the average fair value of the underlying shares for the reporting period exceeds the exercise price of the warrants and the presumed exercise of such securities are dilutive to net loss per share for the period, adjustments to net loss used in the calculation are required to remove the change in fair value of the warrants for the period. Likewise, adjustments to the denominator are required to reflect the related dilutive shares. The Company’s computation of loss per share is as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts): Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2015 2014 2015 2014 Numerator: Net loss attributable to Glaukos Corporation - basic $ $ $ $ Adjustment for revaluation of warrants - - - Net loss attributable to Glaukos Corporation - diluted $ $ $ $ Denominator: Weighted average number of common shares oustanding - basic Common stock equivalents from outstanding common stock warrants - - - Weighted average number of common shares oustanding - diluted Basic net loss per share attributable to Glaukos Corporation common stockholders $ $ $ $ Diluted net loss per share attributable to Glaukos Corporation common stockholders $ $ $ $ Potentially dilutive securities not included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders because to do so would be anti-dilutive were as follows (in common stock equivalent shares, in thousands): Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2015 2014 2015 2014 Convertible preferred stock outstanding - - Preferred stock warrants outstanding - - Common stock warrants outstanding - - Stock options outstanding Recent Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the FASB issued guidance codified in ASC 606, Revenue Recognition — Revenue from Contracts with Customers , which amends the guidance in former ASC 605, Revenue Recognition , which provides a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and will supersede most current revenue recognition guidance. This ASU is based on the principle that revenue is recognized to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The ASU also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract. In July 2015, the FASB deferred the effective date for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 (including interim periods within those periods). Early adoption is permitted to the original effective date of December 15, 2016 (including interim periods within those periods). The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the provisions of ASC 606 on its financial statements. In June 2014, the FASB issued an accounting standards update that requires a performance target that affects vesting of a share-based payment award and that could be achieved after the requisite service period to be treated as a performance condition. As such, the performance target should not be reflected in estimating the grant date fair value of the award. Compensation cost should be recognized over the required service period if it is probable that the performance target will be achieved. This guidance will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, which will be the Company’s fiscal year 2016, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of the guidance to have material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern . This ASU introduces an explicit requirement for management to assess if there is substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern, and to provide related footnote disclosures in certain circumstances. In connection with each annual and interim period, management must assess if there is substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the issuance date. Disclosures are required if conditions give rise to substantial doubt. ASU 2014-15 is effective for all entities in the first annual period ending after December 15, 2016. The Company is currently assessing the potential effects of this ASU on the consolidated financial statements . In February 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2015-02, Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis , which eliminates the deferral of FAS 167, which allows reporting entities with interests in certain investment funds to follow the consolidation guidance in FIN 46(R), and make other changes to both the variable interest model and the voting model. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015 and interim periods therein, with early adoption permitted. During the quarter ended June 30, 2015, the Company early adopted the provisions of the ASU effective January 1, 2015. Based on the asset purchase transaction with DOSE on June 30, 2015 and the Company’s evaluation of the modified relationship with DOSE, management determined that after the transaction DOSE is no longer a VIE requiring consolidation (See Note 9). In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Inventory (Topic 330), Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory , which changes the measurement principle for inventory from the lower of cost or market to the lower of cost and net realizable value. ASU 2015-11 defines net realizable value as estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. The new guidance must be applied on a prospective basis and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within those years, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not believe the implementation of this standard will have a material impact on its financial statements. |