FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS | 6. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS The Company defines fair value as the amount at which an asset (or liability) could be bought (or incurred) or sold (or settled) in a current transaction between willing parties, that is, other than in a forced or liquidation sale. The fair value estimates presented in the table below are based on information available to the Company as of September 30, 2015. The accounting standard regarding fair value measurements discusses valuation techniques, such as the market approach (comparable market prices), the income approach (present value of future income or cash flow), and the cost approach (cost to replace the service capacity of an asset or replacement cost). The standard utilizes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The following is a brief description of those three levels: • Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. • Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets and quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active. • Level 3: Unobservable inputs that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions. Quoted Market Prices in Active Significant Other Significant Other Fair Value Markets Observable Inputs Unobservable Inputs September 30, 2015 (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Liabilities: Warrant liability - 2012 Series A $ 2,115,080 $ - $ - $ 2,115,080 Warrant liability - 2012 placement agent 13,904 - - 13,904 Warrant liability - 2013 Series D 1,351,201 - - 1,351,201 Warrant liability - 2013 placement agent 5,252 - - 5,252 Total $ 3,485,437 $ - $ - $ 3,485,437 The following table presents the Company’s fair value hierarchy for these liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2014: Quoted Market Fair Value Prices in Significant Other Significant Dec 31, 2014 (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Liabilities: Warrant liability - 2010 Class B $ 28,066 $ - $ - $ 28,066 Warrant liability - 2012 Series A&B 3,520,319 - - 3,520,319 Warrant liability - 2012 placement agent 67,246 - - 67,246 Warrant liability - 2013 Series D&E 3,036,986 - - 3,036,986 Warrant liability - 2013 placement agent 18,907 - - 18,907 Total $ 6,671,524 $ - $ - $ 6,671,524 The following table provides a summary of changes in fair value of the Company’s liabilities, as well as the portion of gains included in income attributable to unrealized appreciation that relate to those liabilities held at September 30, 2015: Fair Value Measurement Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Total 2013 2012 Warrant 2013 2013 Placement 2012 2012 Placement 2010 Liability Series E Series D Agent Series B Series A Agent Class B Balance at January 1, 2014 $ 35,864,881 $ 5,855,206 $ 12,482,527 $ 98,080 $ 2,816,676 $ 13,887,307 $ 362,633 $ 362,452 Total gains or losses: Unrealized appreciation (29,193,357) (5,829,469) (9,471,278) (79,173) (2,804,295) (10,379,369) (295,387) (334,386) Balance at December 31, 2014 $ 6,671,524 $ 25,737 $ 3,011,249 $ 18,907 $ 12,381 $ 3,507,938 $ 67,246 $ 28,066 Total gains or losses: Unrealized appreciation (3,186,087) (25,737) (1,660,048) (13,655) (12,381) (1,392,858) (53,342) (28,066) Balance at September 30, 2015 $ 3,485,437 $ - $ 1,351,201 $ 5,252 $ - $ 2,115,080 $ 13,904 $ - Value per Warrant $ 0.143 $ - $ 0.105 $ 0.080 $ - $ 0.205 $ 0.049 $ - |