Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3)
Registration Statement No. 333-117290
PROSPECTUS
10,999,398 Shares
![(Maguire Logo)](https://capedge.com/proxy/424B3/0000950129-04-006397/a00149b3s0014924.gif)
Common Stock
This prospectus relates to the possible issuance of up to 10,999,398 shares of our common stock in exchange for units representing common limited partnership interests, or common units, in Maguire Properties, L.P., or our operating partnership, upon any redemption by one or more of the limited partners pursuant to their contractual rights, and the possible resale from time to time of some or all of such shares of common stock by the selling stockholders named in this prospectus. We are registering the applicable shares of our common stock to provide the selling stockholders with freely tradable securities. The registration of the shares of our common stock covered by this prospectus does not necessarily mean that any of the holders of common units will redeem their common units, that upon any such redemption we will elect, in our sole and absolute discretion, to exchange some or all of the common units for shares of our common stock rather than cash, or that any shares of our common stock received in exchange for common units will be sold by the selling stockholders.
We will receive no proceeds from any issuance of the shares of our common stock covered by this prospectus to the selling stockholders or from any sale of such shares by the selling stockholders, but we have agreed to pay certain registration expenses.
Our common stock currently trades on the New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE, under the symbol “MPG.” On August 20, 2004, the last reported sales price of our common stock on the NYSE was $23.50 per share.
See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 1 for certain risk factors relevant to an investment in our common stock.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The date of this prospectus is August 23, 2004
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| | | | |
| | Page |
| |
|
| | | 1 | |
| | | 3 | |
| | | 4 | |
| | | 5 | |
| | | 6 | |
| | | 12 | |
| | | 17 | |
| | | 27 | |
| | | 32 | |
| | | 50 | |
| | | 52 | |
| | | 53 | |
| | | 53 | |
| | | 53 | |
| | | 54 | |
Unless otherwise indicated or unless the context requires otherwise, all references in this prospectus to “we,” “us,” “our” or “our company” refer to Maguire Properties, Inc., including its consolidated subsidiaries.
You should rely only on the information contained in this document or incorporated by reference. Neither we nor the holders have authorized anyone to provide you with information or make any representation that is different. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. This prospectus is not an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities other than the registered securities to which it relates and this prospectus is not an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy securities in any jurisdiction where, or to any person to whom, it is unlawful to make an offer or solicitation. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus is correct on any date after the date of the prospectus even though this prospectus is delivered or shares are sold pursuant to the prospectus at a later date. Since the date of the prospectus contained in this registration statement, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed.
i
RISK FACTORS
Investment in our common stock involves risks. You should carefully consider the risk factors incorporated by reference to our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, the risks discussed below and the other information contained in this prospectus, as updated by our subsequent filings under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, before exchanging common units for shares of our common stock or purchasing shares of our common stock from the selling stockholders.
Risks Related to Exchange of Common Units for Common Stock
The exchange of common units for our common stock is a taxable transaction.
The exchange of common units for shares of our common stock will be treated for United States federal income tax purposes as a sale of the common units by the limited partner making the exchange. A limited partner will recognize gain or loss for United States federal income tax purposes in an amount equal to the difference between the “amount realized” by the limited partner in the exchange and the limited partner’s adjusted tax basis in the common units exchanged. Generally, the amount realized by a limited partner on an exchange will be the fair market value of the shares of our common stock received in the exchange, plus the amount of our operating partnership’s liabilities allocable to the common units being exchanged. The recognition of any loss resulting from an exchange of common units for shares of our common stock is subject to a number of limitations set forth in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code. It is possible that the amount of gain recognized or even the tax liability resulting from the gain could exceed the value of the shares of our common stock received upon the exchange. In addition, the ability of a limited partner to sell a substantial number of shares of our common stock in order to raise cash to pay tax liabilities associated with the exchange of our common units may be restricted and, as a result of stock price fluctuations, the price the holder receives for the shares of our common stock may not equal the value of the common units at the time of the exchange.
An investment in our common stock is different from an investment in common units.
If a limited partner exchanges his or her common units for shares of our common stock, he or she will become one of our stockholders rather than a limited partner in our operating partnership. Although the nature of an investment in our common stock is similar to an investment in common units, there are also differences between ownership of common units and ownership of our common stock. These differences include:
| | |
| • | form of organization; |
|
| • | management control; |
|
| • | voting and consent rights; |
|
| • | liquidity; and |
|
| • | federal income tax considerations. |
See “Exchange of Common Units for Common Stock.”
Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock
Market interest rates may have an effect on the value of our common stock.
One of the factors that will influence the price of our common stock will be the dividend yield on our common stock (as a percentage of the price of our common stock) relative to market interest rates. An increase in market interest rates, which are currently at low levels relative to historical rates, may lead prospective purchasers of our common stock to expect a higher dividend yield and higher interest rates would likely increase our borrowing costs and potentially decrease funds available for distribution. Thus, higher market interest rates could cause the market price of our common stock to go down.
1
The number of shares available for future sale could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
We cannot predict whether future issuances of shares of our common stock or the availability of shares for resale in the open market will decrease the market price per share of our common stock. Sales of substantial amounts of shares of our common stock in the public market, or upon exchange of common units hereby, or the perception that such sales might occur could adversely affect the market price of the shares of our common stock.
The exchange of common units for our common stock, the exercise of any options or the vesting of any restricted stock granted to certain directors, executive officers and other employees under the Amended and Restated 2003 Incentive Award Plan of Maguire Properties, Inc., Maguire Properties Services, Inc. and Maguire Properties, L.P., the issuance of our common stock or common units in connection with property, portfolio or business acquisitions and other issuances of our common stock could have an adverse effect on the market price of the shares of our common stock, and the existence of common units, options, shares of our common stock reserved for issuance as restricted shares of our common stock or upon exchange of common units may adversely affect the terms upon which we may be able to obtain additional capital through the sale of equity securities. In addition, future sales of shares of our common stock may be dilutive to existing stockholders.
2
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus, including the documents that we incorporate by reference, contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the safe harbor from civil liability provided for such statements by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (set forth in Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act). Also, documents we subsequently file with the SEC and incorporate by reference will contain forward-looking statements. In particular, statements pertaining to our capital resources, portfolio performance and results of operations contain forward-looking statements. Likewise, our pro forma financial statements and other pro forma information incorporated by reference and all our statements regarding anticipated growth in our funds from operations and anticipated market conditions, demographics and results of operations are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements involve numerous risks and uncertainties and you should not rely on them as predictions of future events. Forward-looking statements depend on assumptions, data or methods which may be incorrect or imprecise and we may not be able to realize them. We do not guarantee that the transactions and events described will happen as described (or that they will happen at all). You can identify forward-looking statements by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “believes,” “expects,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “seeks,” “approximately,” “intends,” “plans,” “pro forma,” “estimates” or “anticipates” or the negative of these words and phrases or similar words or phrases. You can also identify forward-looking statements by discussions of strategies, plans or intentions. The following factors, among others, could cause actual results and future events to differ materially from those set forth or contemplated in the forward-looking statements:
| | |
| • | adverse economic or real estate developments in Southern California; |
|
| • | general economic conditions; |
|
| • | future terrorist attacks in the U.S.; |
|
| • | defaults on or non-renewal of leases by tenants; |
|
| • | increased interest rates and operating costs; |
|
| • | our failure to obtain necessary outside financing; |
|
| • | decreased rental rates or increased vacancy rates; |
|
| • | difficulties in identifying properties to acquire and completing acquisitions; |
|
| • | our failure to successfully operate acquired properties and operations; |
|
| • | our failure to successfully develop properties; |
|
| • | our failure to maintain our status as a real estate investment trust, or REIT; |
|
| • | environmental uncertainties and risks related to natural disasters; |
|
| • | financial market fluctuations; and |
|
| • | changes in real estate and zoning laws and increases in real property tax rates. |
For a further discussion of these and other factors that could impact our future results, performance or transactions, see the section entitled “Risk Factors,” including the risks incorporated therein, from our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, as updated by our future filings.
3
OUR COMPANY
We are the largest owner and operator of Class A office properties in the Los Angeles central business district, or LACBD, and are primarily focused on owning and operating high quality office properties in the Southern California market. We were formed in June 2002 to succeed to certain businesses of the Maguire Organization, an owner, developer and acquirer of institutional-quality properties in the Los Angeles area since 1965. We are a full service real estate company, and we operate as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. As of June 30, 2004, through our operating partnership, we owned a portfolio of 14 commercial real estate properties, consisting of ten office properties with approximately 8.8 million net rentable square feet, one 350-room hotel with 266,000 square feet and three off-site parking garages totaling 2,749 spaces and approximately 1.0 million square feet. In addition, as of June 30, 2004, our office portfolio contained approximately 2.3 million square feet of on-site parking totaling 8,065 spaces. We also owned an undeveloped two-acre land parcel adjacent to an existing office property that we believe can support 300,000 net rentable square feet of office development.
Our existing portfolio is located in four Southern California markets — the LACBD, the Tri-Cities area of Pasadena, Glendale and Burbank, the Cerritos submarket of Los Angeles County and the John Wayne Airport submarket of Orange County. Our portfolio includes five office properties in the prime Bunker Hill area of the LACBD — US Bank Tower (formerly Library Tower), Gas Company Tower, KPMG Tower, Wells Fargo Tower and One California Plaza — and three off-site parking garages. In the Tri-Cities, we own the Plaza Las Fuentes office and hotel properties in Pasadena, the Glendale Center office property in Glendale and a two-acre land parcel adjacent to the Glendale Center. In the Cerritos submarket, we own the Cerritos Corporate Center Phase I and Phase II properties, collectively known as the AT&T Wireless Western Regional Headquarters. In the John Wayne Airport submarket we own Park Place. As of June 30, 2004, our office portfolio was 92.8% leased to 236 tenants.
We directly manage the properties in our portfolio, except for Cerritos Corporate Center Phases I and II, through our operating partnership and/or Maguire Properties Services, Inc., a Maryland corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of our operating partnership, which we refer to in this prospectus as our services company. We also provide development, leasing and/or management services to various properties that are owned or controlled by Robert F. Maguire III, our Chairman and Co-Chief Executive Officer. We have options to purchase certain of these properties, 1733 Ocean Avenue in Santa Monica, California, Western Asset Plaza (formerly known as Plaza Las Fuentes II) in Pasadena, California, which we refer to in this prospectus as the option properties, and a 12.5% interest in the Water’s Edge Development in West Los Angeles. We operate from our headquarters in Los Angeles, California. As of June 30, 2004, we had 96 employees.
Our principal executive offices are located at 333 South Grand Avenue, Suite 400, Los Angeles, California 90071. Our telephone number at that location is (213) 626-3300. Our website is located at http://www.maguireproperties.com. The information found on, or otherwise accessible through, our website is not incorporated into, and does not form a part of, this prospectus or any other report or document we file with or furnish to the SEC.
Subsequent Events
On July 23, 2004, we acquired Park Place II, a 90-acre mixed-use development located in the John Wayne Airport submarket of Orange County, California, surrounding Park Place, a 15-acre, 1.7 million square foot Class A office park we acquired on April 14, 2004. Park Place II was acquired for approximately $215.0 million from Crow Winthrop Development Limited Partnership or certain subsidiaries thereof, and was financed with a $140.0 million bridge loan from Wachovia Bank, National Association. The remainder of the purchase price was funded with a portion of the proceeds of the offering of our 7.625% series A cumulative redeemable preferred stock, or series A preferred stock. We are a party to a development agreement relating to Park Place II for land that we believe can support approximately 2.0 million square feet of mixed-use improvements. A more complete description of this property and the acquisition terms is contained in our report on Form 8-K as filed with the SEC on August 6, 2004, which we incorporate by reference as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
4
USE OF PROCEEDS
We are filing the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part pursuant to our contractual obligation to the holders of our common units named in the section entitled “Selling Stockholders.” We will not receive any of the proceeds from the issuance of shares of our common stock to such holders or the resale of shares of our common stock from time to time by such holders. However, we will pay registration expenses, which we estimate to be approximately $145,000.
5
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES
The following summary of the material terms of the stock of our company in this section does not purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to our charter and bylaws, copies of which we have previously filed with the SEC and which we incorporate by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. See “Where You Can Find More Information.”
General
Our charter provides that we may issue up to 100,000,000 shares of our common stock, $0.01 par value per share, or common stock, and 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share, or preferred stock, 10,000,000 shares of which are classified as series A preferred stock. Our charter authorizes our board of directors to increase the number of authorized shares of our common and preferred stock without stockholder approval. As of June 30, 2004, 42,787,125 shares of our common stock were issued and outstanding and 10,000,000 shares of series A preferred stock were issued and outstanding. The 42,787,125 outstanding shares of our common stock excludes the 10,999,398 shares of common stock, as of June 30, 2004, which we may issue in exchange for presently outstanding common units which may be tendered for redemption to our operating partnership pursuant to this prospectus.
Common Stock
All outstanding shares of our common stock are duly authorized, fully paid and nonassessable. Subject to the preferential rights of any other class or series of stock and to the provisions of our charter regarding the restrictions on transfer of stock, holders of shares of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends on such stock if, as and when authorized by our board of directors out of assets legally available therefor and declared by us and to share ratably in the assets of our company legally available for distribution to our stockholders in the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up after payment of or adequate provision for all known debts and liabilities of our company.
Subject to the provisions of our charter regarding the restrictions on transfer of stock, each outstanding share of our common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, including the election of directors and, except as provided with respect to any other class or series of stock, the holders of such shares will possess the exclusive voting power. There is no cumulative voting in the election of our board of directors, which means that the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of our common stock can elect all of the directors then standing for election and the holders of the remaining shares will not be able to elect any directors.
Holders of shares of our common stock have no preference, conversion, exchange, sinking fund, redemption or appraisal rights and have no preemptive rights to subscribe for any securities of our company. Subject to the provisions of our charter regarding the restrictions on transfer of stock, shares of our common stock will have equal dividend, liquidation and other rights.
Under the Maryland General Corporation Law, or MGCL, a Maryland corporation generally cannot dissolve, amend its charter, merge, sell all or substantially all of its assets, engage in a share exchange or engage in similar transactions outside the ordinary course of business unless approved by the affirmative vote of stockholders holding at least two-thirds of the shares entitled to vote on the matter unless a lesser percentage (but not less than a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter) is set forth in the corporation’s charter. Our charter does not provide for a lesser percentage in these situations. However, Maryland law permits a corporation to transfer all or substantially all of its assets without the approval of the stockholders of the corporation to one or more persons if all of the equity interests of the person or persons are owned, directly or indirectly, by the corporation. In addition, because operating assets may be held by a corporation’s subsidiaries, as in our situation, these subsidiaries may be able to transfer all or substantially all of such assets without a vote of our stockholders.
6
Our charter authorizes our board of directors to reclassify any unissued shares of our common stock into other classes or series of classes of stock and to establish the number of shares in each class or series and to set the preferences, conversion and other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption for each such class or series.
Preferred Stock
Our charter authorizes our board of directors to classify any unissued shares of preferred stock and to reclassify any previously classified but unissued shares of any series. Prior to issuance of shares of each series, our board of directors is required by the MGCL and our charter to set the terms, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms or conditions of redemption for each such series subject to the limited rights of holders of our series A preferred stock and each parity class or series of preferred stock, voting together as a single class, to approve certain issuances of prior classes or series of stock. Thus, our board of directors could authorize the issuance of shares of preferred stock with terms and conditions which could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change of control of our company that might involve a premium price for our stockholders or otherwise be in their best interest. Other than the series A preferred stock, no shares of preferred stock are outstanding.
7.625% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock
General.Our board of directors and a duly authorized committee thereof approved articles supplementary, a copy of which we have previously filed with the SEC and which we incorporate by reference as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, creating the series A preferred stock as a class of our preferred stock, designated as the 7.625% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock. The series A preferred stock is validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.
The series A preferred stock is currently listed on the NYSE as “MPG Pr A.”
Ranking.The series A preferred stock ranks, with respect to dividend rights and rights upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding-up:
| | |
| • | senior to all classes or series of our common stock, and to any other class or series of our stock expressly designated as ranking junior to the series A preferred stock; |
|
| • | on parity with any class or series of our stock expressly designated as ranking on parity with the series A preferred stock; and |
|
| • | junior to any other class or series of our stock expressly designated as ranking senior to the series A preferred stock. |
Dividend Rate and Payment Date.Investors are entitled to receive cumulative cash dividends on the series A preferred stock from and including the date of original issue, payable quarterly in arrears on or about the last calendar day of January, April, July and October of each year, commencing April 2004, at the rate of 7.625% per annum of the $25.00 liquidation preference per share (equivalent to an annual amount of $1.90625 per share). The first dividend paid on the series A preferred stock, on April 30, 2004, was a pro rata dividend from and including the original issue date to and including April 30, 2004 in the amount of $0.51892 per share. Dividends on the series A preferred stock will accrue whether or not we have earnings, whether or not there are funds legally available for the payment of such dividends and whether or not such dividends are authorized or declared.
Liquidation Preference. If we liquidate, dissolve or wind-up, holders of the series A preferred stock will have the right to receive $25.00 per share, plus accrued and unpaid dividends (whether or not earned or declared) up to and including the date of payment, before any payment is made to holders of our common stock and any other class or series of stock ranking junior to the series A preferred stock as to liquidation rights. The rights of holders of series A preferred stock to receive their liquidation preference
7
will be subject to the proportionate rights of any other class or series of our stock ranking on parity with the series A preferred stock as to liquidation.
Optional Redemption. We may not redeem the series A preferred stock prior to January 30, 2009, except in limited circumstances to preserve our status as a REIT. On and after January 30, 2009, the series A preferred stock will be redeemable at our option, in whole or in part at any time or from time to time, for cash at a redemption price of $25.00 per share, plus accrued and unpaid dividends up to and including the redemption date. Any partial redemption will be on a pro rata basis.
No Maturity, Sinking Fund or Mandatory Redemption. The series A preferred stock has no maturity date and we are not required to redeem the series A preferred stock at any time. Accordingly, the series A preferred stock will remain outstanding indefinitely, unless we decide, at our option, to exercise our redemption right. The series A preferred stock is not subject to any sinking fund.
Voting Rights. Holders of series A preferred stock generally have no voting rights. However, if we are in arrears on dividends on the series A preferred stock for six or more quarterly periods, whether or not consecutive, holders of the series A preferred stock (voting together as a class with the holders of all other classes or series of parity preferred stock upon which like voting rights have been conferred and are exercisable) will be entitled to vote at our next annual meeting and each subsequent annual meeting of stockholders for the election of two additional directors to serve on our board of directors until all unpaid dividends and the dividend for the then-current period with respect to the series A preferred stock and any other class or series of parity preferred stock have been paid or declared and a sum sufficient for the payment thereof set aside for payment. In addition, we may not make certain material and adverse changes to the terms of the series A preferred stock without the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of series A preferred stock and the holders of all other shares of any class or series ranking on parity with the series A preferred stock that are entitled to similar voting rights (voting together as a single class).
Conversion. The series A preferred stock is not convertible into or exchangeable for any of our other property or securities.
Power to Increase Authorized Stock and Issue Additional Shares of Our Common Stock and Preferred Stock
We believe that the power of our board of directors to increase the number of authorized shares of stock, issue additional authorized but unissued shares of our common stock or preferred stock and to classify or reclassify unissued shares of our common stock or preferred stock and thereafter to cause us to issue such classified or reclassified shares of stock will provide us with increased flexibility in structuring possible future financings and acquisitions and in meeting other needs which might arise. Subject to the limited rights of holders of our series A preferred stock and each parity class or series of preferred stock, voting together as a single class, to approve certain issuances of senior classes or series of stock, the additional classes or series, as well as the common stock, will be available for issuance without further action by our stockholders, unless stockholder consent is required by applicable law or the rules of any stock exchange or automated quotation system on which our securities may be listed or traded. Although our board of directors does not intend to do so, it could authorize us to issue a class or series that could, depending upon the terms of the particular class or series, delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of control of our company that might involve a premium price for our stockholders or otherwise be in their best interest.
Restrictions on Transfer
In order for us to qualify as a REIT under the Code, our stock must be beneficially owned by 100 or more persons during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months (other than the first year for which an election to be a REIT has been made) or during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year. Also, not more than 50% of the value of our outstanding shares of stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain entities such as qualified pension plans)
8
during the last half of a taxable year (other than the first year for which an election to be a REIT has been made).
Our charter documents contain restrictions on the ownership and transfer of our stock which are intended to assist us in complying with these requirements and continuing to qualify as a REIT. The relevant sections of our charter documents provide that, subject to the exceptions described below, no person or entity may beneficially own, or be deemed to own by virtue of the applicable constructive ownership provisions of the Code, more than 9.8% (by value or by number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of the outstanding shares of our common stock or more than 9.8% (by value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of the outstanding shares of our series A preferred stock. A person or entity that becomes subject to the ownership limit by virtue of a violative transfer that results in a transfer to a trust, as set forth below, is referred to as a “purported beneficial transferee” if, had the violative transfer been effective, the person or entity would have been a record owner and beneficial owner or solely a beneficial owner of our stock, or is referred to as a “purported record transferee” if, had the violative transfer been effective, the person or entity would have been solely a record owner of our stock.
The constructive ownership rules under the Code are complex and may cause stock owned actually or constructively by a group of related individuals and/or entities to be owned constructively by one individual or entity. As a result, the acquisition of shares of our stock by an individual or entity (or the acquisition of an interest in an entity that owns, actually or constructively, our stock) in amounts that do not exceed the ownership limit could, nevertheless, cause that individual or entity, or another individual or entity, to own constructively shares of our stock in excess of the ownership limit.
Our board of directors may, in its sole discretion, waive the ownership limit as it applies to our common stock with respect to a particular stockholder if it:
| | |
| • | determines that such ownership will not cause any individual’s beneficial ownership of shares of our common stock to violate the ownership limit and that any exemption from the ownership limit will not jeopardize our status as a REIT; and |
|
| • | determines that such stockholder does not and will not own, actually or constructively, an interest in a tenant of ours (or a tenant of any entity owned in whole or in part by us) that would cause us to own, actually or constructively, more than a 9.8% interest (as set forth in Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Code) in such tenant or that any such ownership would not cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT under the Code. |
Our board of directors may also, in its sole discretion, waive the ownership limit as it applies to our series A preferred stock with respect to a particular stockholder if it determines that such ownership will not jeopardize our status as a REIT.
As a condition of our waiver of the ownership limit as it applies to any of our stock, our board of directors may require an opinion of counsel or IRS ruling satisfactory to our board of directors, and/or representations or undertakings from the applicant with respect to preserving our REIT status.
In connection with the waiver of the ownership limit as it applies to our stock or at any other time, our board of directors may decrease the ownership limit as it applies to our stock for all other persons and entities; provided, however, that the decreased ownership limit will not be effective for any person or entity whose percentage ownership in our stock is in excess of such decreased ownership limit until such time as such person or entity’s percentage of our stock, as applicable, equals or falls below the decreased ownership limit, but any further acquisition of our stock in excess of such percentage ownership will be in violation of the ownership limit. Additionally, the new ownership limit may not allow five or fewer stockholders to beneficially own more than 49% in value of our outstanding stock.
9
Our charter provisions further prohibit:
| | |
| • | any person from beneficially or constructively owning shares of our stock that would result in us being “closely held” under Section 856(h) of the Code or otherwise cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT; and |
|
| • | any person from transferring shares of our stock if such transfer would result in shares of our stock being beneficially owned by fewer than 100 persons (determined without reference to any rules of attribution). |
Any person who acquires or attempts or intends to acquire beneficial or constructive ownership of shares of our stock that will or may violate any of the foregoing restrictions on transferability and ownership will be required to give notice immediately to us and provide us with such other information as we may request in order to determine the effect of such transfer on our status as a REIT. The foregoing provisions on transferability and ownership will not apply if our board of directors determines that it is no longer in our best interests to attempt to qualify, or to continue to qualify, as a REIT.
Pursuant to our charter documents, if any purported transfer of our stock or any other event would otherwise result in any person violating the ownership limit or such other limit as established by our board of directors or would result in us being “closely held” under Section 856(h) of the Code or otherwise failing to qualify as a REIT, then that number of shares in excess of the ownership limit or causing us to be “closely held” or otherwise to fail to qualify as a REIT (rounded up to the nearest whole) will be automatically transferred to, and held by, a trust for the exclusive benefit of one or more charitable organizations selected by us. The automatic transfer will be effective as of the close of business on the business day prior to the date of the violative transfer or other event that results in a transfer to the trust. Any dividend or other distribution paid to the purported record transferee, prior to our discovery that the shares had been automatically transferred to a trust as described above, must be repaid to the trustee upon demand for distribution to the beneficiary of the trust. If the transfer to the trust as described above is not automatically effective, for any reason, to prevent violation of the applicable ownership limit or our being “closely held” or otherwise failing to qualify as a REIT, then our charter documents provide that the transfer of the excess shares will be void. If any transfer would result in shares of our stock being beneficially owned by fewer than 100 persons, then any such purported transfer will be void and of no force or effect.
Shares of our stock transferred to the trustee are deemed offered for sale to us, or our designee, at a price per share equal to the lesser of (i) the price paid by the purported record transferee for such shares (or, if the event which resulted in the transfer to the trust did not involve a purchase of such shares of our stock at market price, the last reported sales price reported on the NYSE on the trading day immediately preceding the day of the event which resulted in the transfer of such shares of our stock to the trust) and (ii) the market price on the date we, or our designee, accepts such offer. We have the right to accept such offer until the trustee has sold the shares of our stock held in the trust pursuant to the clauses discussed below. Upon a sale to us, the interest of the charitable beneficiary in the shares sold terminates and the trustee must distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the purported record transferee and any dividends or other distributions held by the trustee with respect to such stock will be paid to the charitable beneficiary.
If we do not buy such shares, the trustee must, within 20 days of receiving notice from us of the transfer of shares to the trust, sell such shares to a person or entity designated by the trustee who could own such shares without violating the ownership limit or such other limit as established by our board of directors. After that, the trustee must distribute to the purported record transferee an amount equal to the lesser of (i) the price paid by the purported record transferee or owner for such shares (or, if the event which resulted in the transfer to the trust did not involve a purchase of such shares at market price, the last reported sales price reported on the NYSE on the trading day immediately preceding the relevant date) and (ii) the sales proceeds (net of commissions and other expenses of sale) received by the trust for such shares. The purported beneficial transferee or purported record transferee has no rights in the shares held by the trustee.
10
The trustee shall be designated by us and shall be unaffiliated with us and with any purported record transferee or purported beneficial transferee. Prior to the sale of any excess shares by the trust, the trustee will receive, in trust for the beneficiary, all dividends and other distributions paid by us with respect to the excess shares, and may also exercise all voting rights with respect to the excess shares.
Subject to Maryland law, effective as of the date that the shares have been transferred to the trust, the trustee shall have the authority, at the trustee’s sole discretion:
| | |
| • | to rescind as void any vote cast by a purported record transferee prior to our discovery that the shares have been transferred to the trust; and |
|
| • | to recast the vote in accordance with the desires of the trustee acting for the benefit of the beneficiary of the trust. |
However, if we have already taken irreversible corporate action, then the trustee may not rescind and recast the vote.
Any beneficial owner or constructive owner of shares of our stock and any person or entity (including the stockholder of record) who is holding shares of our stock for a beneficial owner must, on request, provide us with a completed questionnaire containing the information regarding their ownership of such shares, as set forth in the applicable Treasury regulations. In addition, any person or entity that is a beneficial owner or constructive owner of shares of our stock and any person or entity (including the stockholder of record) who is holding shares of our stock for a beneficial owner or constructive owner shall, on request, be required to disclose to us in writing such information as we may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of such stockholder’s actual and constructive ownership of shares of our stock on our status as a REIT and to ensure compliance with the ownership limit, or as otherwise permitted by our board of directors.
All certificates representing shares of our stock bear a legend referring to the restrictions described above.
These ownership limits could delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of control of our company that might involve a premium price for our stockholders or otherwise be in their best interest.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock and preferred stock is Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company.
11
DESCRIPTION OF THE PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT OF MAGUIRE PROPERTIES, L.P.
Below we summarize the material terms and provisions of the Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Maguire Properties, L.P., which we refer to as the “partnership agreement.” This summary is not complete. For more detail, you should refer to the partnership agreement itself, a copy of which we have previously filed with the SEC and which we incorporate by reference as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is part. For purposes of this section, references to “we,” “our,” “us” and “our company” refer only to Maguire Properties, Inc.
Management of Our Operating Partnership
Our operating partnership, Maguire Properties, L.P., is a Maryland limited partnership that was formed on June 26, 2002. We are the sole general partner of our operating partnership and conduct substantially all of our business in or through it. As sole general partner of our operating partnership, we exercise exclusive and complete responsibility and discretion in its day-to-day management and control. We can cause our operating partnership to enter into certain major transactions, including acquisitions, dispositions and refinancings, subject to certain limited exceptions. The limited partners of our operating partnership may not transact business for, or participate in the management activities or decisions of, our operating partnership, except as provided in the partnership agreement and as required by applicable law. Certain restrictions under the partnership agreement limit our ability to engage in a business combination as more fully described in “— Termination Transactions” below.
The limited partners of our operating partnership expressly acknowledged that we, as general partner of our operating partnership, are acting for the benefit of the operating partnership, the limited partners and our stockholders collectively. Our company is under no obligation to give priority to the separate interests of the limited partners or our stockholders in deciding whether to cause our operating partnership to take or decline to take any actions. If there is a conflict between the interests of our stockholders on one hand and the limited partners on the other, we will endeavor in good faith to resolve the conflict in a manner not adverse to either our stockholders or the limited partners; provided, however, that for so long as we own a controlling interest in our operating partnership, any conflict that cannot be resolved in a manner not adverse to either our stockholders or the limited partners shall be resolved in favor of our stockholders. We are not liable under the partnership agreement to our operating partnership or to any partner for monetary damages for losses sustained, liabilities incurred, or benefits not derived by limited partners in connection with such decisions; provided, that we have acted in good faith.
The partnership agreement provides that all our business activities, including all activities pertaining to the acquisition and operation of properties, must be conducted through our operating partnership, and that our operating partnership must be operated in a manner that will enable us to satisfy the requirements for being classified as a REIT.
Transferability of Interests
Except in connection with a transaction described in “— Termination Transactions” below, we, as general partner, may not voluntarily withdraw from our operating partnership, or transfer or assign all or any portion of our interest in our operating partnership, without the consent of the holders of a majority of the common units (including our 79.5% interest therein). The limited partners holding common units have agreed not to sell, assign, encumber or otherwise dispose of such units without our consent until August 27, 2004, other than to us, as general partner, to an affiliate of the transferring limited partner, to other original common limited partners, to immediate family members, to a trust for the benefit of a charitable beneficiary, or to a lending institution as collateral for a bona fide loan, subject to certain limitations. After August 27, 2004, any transfer of common units by the limited partners, except to the parties specified above, will be subject to a right of first refusal by us and must be made only to “accredited investors” as defined under Rule 501 of the Securities Act.
12
Amendments of the Partnership Agreement
Amendments to the partnership agreement may be proposed by us, as general partner, or by limited partners owning at least 25% of the units held by limited partners.
Generally, the partnership agreement may be amended, modified or terminated with the approval of partners holding 66 2/3% of all outstanding units (including the units held by us as general partner). As general partner, we will have the power to unilaterally make certain amendments to the partnership agreement without obtaining the consent of the limited partners as may be required to:
| | |
| • | add to our obligations as general partner or surrender any right or power granted to us as general partner for the benefit of the limited partners; |
|
| • | reflect the issuance of additional units or the admission, substitution, termination or withdrawal of partners in accordance with the terms of the partnership agreement; |
|
| • | reflect a change of an inconsequential nature that does not adversely affect the limited partners in any material respect, or cure any ambiguity, correct or supplement any provisions of the partnership agreement not inconsistent with law or with other provisions of the partnership agreement, or make other changes concerning matters under the partnership agreement that will not otherwise be inconsistent with the partnership agreement or law; |
|
| • | satisfy any requirements, conditions or guidelines of federal or state law; |
|
| • | reflect changes that are reasonably necessary for us, as general partner, to maintain our status as a REIT; or |
|
| • | modify the manner in which capital accounts are computed. |
Amendments that would, among other things, convert a limited partner’s interest into a general partner’s interest, modify the limited liability of a limited partner, alter a partner’s right to receive any distributions or allocations of profits or losses or materially alter or modify the redemption rights described below must be approved by each limited partner that would be adversely affected by such amendment.
In addition, without the written consent of a majority of the units held by limited partners (other than limited partners 50% or more of whose equity is owned, directly or indirectly, by us as general partner), we, as general partner, may not do any of the following:
| | |
| • | take any action in contravention of an express prohibition or limitation contained in the partnership agreement; |
|
| • | enter into or conduct any business other than in connection with our role as general partner of the operating partnership and our operation as a REIT; |
|
| • | acquire an interest in real or personal property other than through our operating partnership; |
|
| • | withdraw from the operating partnership or transfer any portion of our general partnership interest; or |
|
| • | be relieved of our obligations under the partnership agreement following any permitted transfer of our general partnership interest. |
7.625% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units
General. Our operating partnership has designated a class of preferred limited partnership units as the 7.625% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units, or the series A preferred units, representing preferred limited partnership interests in our operating partnership. As of the date of this prospectus, 10,000,000 series A preferred units are issued and outstanding.
Distributions. Each series A preferred unit is entitled to receive cumulative preferential cash distributions payable on the last calendar day of January, April, July and October of each year. Series A
13
preferred units are entitled to distributions at a rate of 7.625% per annum. The cumulative preferential distributions are paid in preference to any payment made on any other class or series of partnership interest of our operating partnership, other than any other class or series of partnership interest expressly designated as ranking on parity with or senior to the series A preferred units.
Ranking. With respect to distribution rights and rights upon voluntary or involuntary liquidation, winding-up or dissolution, the series A preferred units rank:
| | |
| • | senior to all classes or series of our common units and to any other class or series of preferred partnership units expressly designated as ranking junior to the series A preferred units; |
|
| • | on parity with all other classes or series of preferred partnership units expressly designated as ranking on parity with the series A preferred units; and |
|
| • | junior to any other class or series of preferred partnership units expressly designated as ranking senior to the series A preferred units. |
Redemption and exchange. We may redeem the series A preferred units on and after January 20, 2009 out of proceeds from the issuance of our capital stock at a redemption price equal to $25.00 per unit, plus accrued and unpaid distributions to the date of redemption.
The series A preferred units may not be exchanged for any other class or series of interest in the operating partnership.
Liquidation preference. The distribution and income allocation provisions of the partnership agreement have the effect of providing each series A preferred unit with a liquidation preference to each holder equal to their capital contributions, plus any accrued but unpaid distributions, in preference to any other class or series of partnership interest.
Common Units
We discuss the rights and preferences of our common units in the sections entitled “Exchange of Common Units for Common Stock” and “— Redemption/ Exchange Rights.”
Redemption/ Exchange Rights
Limited partners have the right, commencing on August 27, 2004, to require our operating partnership to redeem part or all of their common units for cash based upon the fair market value of an equivalent number of shares of our common stock at the time of the redemption. Alternatively, we may, in our sole and absolute discretion, elect to acquire some or all of those common units in exchange for shares of our common stock. Our acquisition will be on a one-for-one basis, subject to adjustment in the event of stock splits, stock dividends, issuance of stock rights, specified extraordinary distributions and similar events. We presently anticipate that we will elect to issue shares of our common stock in exchange for common units in connection with each redemption request, rather than having our operating partnership redeem the common units for cash. With each redemption or exchange, we increase our percentage ownership interest in our operating partnership. Commencing on August 27, 2004, limited partners may exercise this redemption right from time to time, in whole or in part, except when, as a consequence of shares of our common stock being issued, any person’s actual or constructive stock ownership would exceed our company’s ownership limit, or any other limit as provided in our charter or as otherwise determined by our board of directors as described under the section entitled “Description of Securities — Restrictions on Transfer.” See the section entitled “Exchange of Common Units for Common Stock” for more detail regarding redemption/exchange rights of common units.
Issuance of Additional Common Units, Preferred Units, Common Stock, Preferred Stock or Convertible Securities
As sole general partner, we have the ability to cause the operating partner to issue additional units representing general and limited partnership interests. These additional units may include preferred limited
14
partnership units with terms, provisions and rights that are preferential to those of the common units. In addition, we may issue additional shares of our common stock, preferred stock or convertible securities, but only if we cause our operating partnership to issue to us partnership interests or rights, options, warrants or convertible or exchangeable securities of our operating partnership having designations, preferences and other rights, so that the economic interests of our operating partnership’s interests issued are substantially similar to the securities that we have issued.
Tax Matters
We are the tax matters partner of our operating partnership and, as such, we have authority to make tax elections under the Code on behalf of our operating partnership.
Allocations of Net Income and Net Losses to Partners
The net income of our operating partnership will generally be allocated to us to the extent of the accrued preferred return on our series A preferred units and then to us, as general partner, and the limited partners in accordance with our respective common percentage interests in our operating partnership. Net loss will generally be allocated to us, as general partner, and the limited partners in accordance with our respective common percentage interests in our operating partnership until the limited partners’ capital is reduced to zero and any remaining net loss would be allocated to us. However, in some cases losses may be disproportionately allocated to partners who have guaranteed debt of our operating partnership. The allocations described above are subject to special allocations relating to depreciation deductions and to compliance with the provisions of Sections 704(b) and 704(c) of the Code and the associated Treasury regulations. See “Material Federal Income Tax Considerations — Tax Aspects of Our Operating Partnership, the Subsidiary Partnerships and the Limited Liability Companies.”
Operations
The partnership agreement provides that we, as general partner, will determine and distribute the net operating cash revenues of our operating partnership, as well as the net sales and refinancing proceeds, quarterly, pro rata in accordance with the partners’ percentage interests.
The partnership agreement provides that our operating partnership will assume and pay when due, or reimburse us for payment of, all costs and expenses relating to the operations of, or for the benefit of, our operating partnership.
Termination Transactions
The partnership agreement provides that our company may not engage in any merger, consolidation or other combination with or into another person, sale of all or substantially all of our assets or any reclassification or any recapitalization or change in outstanding shares of our common stock (a “termination transaction”), unless in connection with such termination transaction:
| | |
| (i) | we obtain the consent of at least 50% of the partners of our operating partnership (including units held by our company), and |
| | |
| (A) | all limited partners will receive, or have the right to elect to receive, for each common unit an amount of cash, securities, or other property equal to the product of: |
| | |
| • | the number of shares of our common stock into which each common unit is then exchangeable, and |
|
| • | the greatest amount of cash, securities or other property paid to the holder of one share of our common stock in consideration of one share of our common stock pursuant to the termination transaction, provided that, if, in connection with such termination transaction, a purchase, tender or exchange offer is made to and accepted by the holders of more than |
15
| | |
| | 50% of the outstanding shares of our common stock, each holder of common units will receive, or will have the right to elect to receive, the greatest amount of cash, securities, or other property which such holder would have received had it exercised its redemption right and received shares of our common stock in exchange for its common units immediately prior to the expiration of such purchase, tender or exchange offer and accepted such purchase, tender or exchange offer; or |
(B) the following conditions are met:
| | |
| • | substantially all of the assets of the surviving entity are held directly or indirectly by our operating partnership or another limited partnership or limited liability company that is the surviving partnership of a merger, consolidation or combination of assets with our operating partnership; |
|
| • | the holders of units own a percentage interest of the surviving partnership based on the relative fair market value of the net assets of our operating partnership and the other net assets of the surviving partnership immediately prior to the consummation of such termination transaction; |
|
| • | the rights, preferences and privileges of such unit holders in the surviving partnership are at least as favorable to those in effect immediately prior to the consummation of such termination transaction and as those applicable to any other limited partners or non-managing members of the surviving partnership; and |
|
| • | the limited partners have the right to either (i) exchange their interests in the surviving partnership for either the consideration available to the common limited partners pursuant to paragraph ii(A) in this section, or (ii) exchange their units for cash on terms equivalent to those in effect with respect to their units immediately prior to the consummation of such transaction, or, if the ultimate controlling person of the surviving partnership has publicly traded common equity securities, shares of those common equity securities, at an exchange ratio based on the relative fair market value of those securities and our common stock. |
Term
Our operating partnership will continue in full force and effect until December 31, 2102, or until sooner dissolved in accordance with its terms or as otherwise provided by law.
Indemnification and Limitation of Liability
To the extent permitted by applicable law, the partnership agreement indemnifies us, as general partner, and our officers, directors, employees, agents and any other persons we may designate from and against any and all claims arising from operations of our operating partnership in which any indemnitee may be involved, or is threatened to be involved, as a party or otherwise, unless it is established that:
| | |
| • | the act or omission of the indemnitee was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and either was committed in bad faith or fraud, or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty; |
|
| • | the indemnitee actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or |
|
| • | in the case of any criminal proceeding, the indemnitee had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. |
Similarly, we, as general partner of our operating partnership, and our officers, directors, agents or employees, are not liable or accountable to our operating partnership for losses sustained, liabilities incurred or benefits not derived as a result of errors in judgment or mistakes of fact or law or any act or omission so long as we acted in good faith.
16
EXCHANGE OF COMMON UNITS FOR COMMON STOCK
Terms of the Exchange
The holders of common units of our operating partnership who hold common units which may be redeemed on or after August 27, 2004 for shares of our common stock issued under this prospectus are referred to as the “selling stockholders.” The selling stockholders hold an aggregate of 10,999,398 common units. On or after August 27, 2004, the selling stockholders may require our operating partnership to redeem their common units for cash by delivering to us, as general partner of our operating partnership, a notice of redemption. Upon receipt of the notice of redemption, we may, in our sole and absolute discretion, subject to the limitations on ownership and transfer of our common stock set forth in our charter, elect to exchange some or all of those common units for shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis, subject to adjustment as described in the section entitled “Description of the Partnership Agreement of Maguire Properties, L.P. — Redemption/Exchange Rights.”
Once we receive a notice of redemption from a common limited partner, we will determine whether to redeem the tendering partner’s common units for cash or exchange some or all of the tendering partner’s common units for shares of our common stock. We will promptly notify the tendering partner if we decide to exchange the tendering partner’s common units for shares of our common stock. Any shares of our common stock that we issue will be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable shares, free of any pledge, lien, encumbrance or restriction other than those provided in:
| | |
| • | our charter; |
|
| • | our bylaws; |
|
| • | the Securities Act; |
|
| • | relevant state securities or blue sky laws; and |
|
| • | any applicable registration rights agreement with respect to the shares entered into by the tendering partner. |
Each tendering partner will continue to own all common units subject to any redemption or exchange, and be treated as a limited partner with respect to the common units for all purposes, until the limited partner transfers the common units to us, is paid for them or receives shares of our common stock in exchange for them. Until that time, the limited partner will have no rights as one of our stockholders with respect to the shares issued under this prospectus.
Conditions to the Exchange
We will issue shares of our common stock in exchange for common units to a tendering partner if each of the following conditions is satisfied or waived:
| | |
| • | the exchange would not cause the tendering partner or any other person to violate the ownership limit set forth in our charter or any other provision of our charter; |
|
| • | the exchange is for at least 1,000 common units, or, if less than 1,000 common units, all of the common units held by the tendering partner; |
|
| • | the redemption is not effected during the period after the record date that we established for a distribution from our operating partnership to its partners and before the record date that we established for a distribution to our common stockholders; and |
|
| • | the consummation of any redemption or exchange will be subject to the expiration or termination of any applicable waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended. |
17
Comparison of the Rights, Privileges and Preferences of Ownership of Common Units and Common Stock
Generally, the nature of an investment in our common stock is similar in several respects to an investment in common units of our operating partnership. Holders of our common stock and holders of common units generally receive the same distributions. Common stockholders and holders of common units generally share in the risks and rewards of ownership in our business conducted through our operating partnership. However, there are differences between ownership of common units and ownership of our common stock, some of which may be material to investors.
The information below highlights a number of the significant differences between our operating partnership and us relating to, among other things, form of organization, management control, voting and consent rights, liquidity and federal income tax considerations. These comparisons are intended to assist limited partners in understanding how their investment changes if they exchange their common units for shares of our common stock.This discussion is summary in nature and does not constitute a complete discussion of these matters, and holders of common units should carefully review the rest of this prospectus and the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and the documents we incorporate by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, particularly our charter, our bylaws and the partnership agreement, for additional important information about us.
| | |
MAGUIRE PROPERTIES, L.P. | | MAGUIRE PROPERTIES, INC. |
| | |
Form of Organization and Assets Owned |
|
Our operating partnership is organized as a Maryland limited partnership. Substantially all of our assets are held by, and our operations run through, our operating partnership. Our operating partnership’s purpose is to conduct any business that may be lawfully conducted by a limited partnership organized pursuant to the Maryland Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act, provided that it must conduct its business in a manner that allows us to maintain our qualification as a REIT, unless we cease to qualify as a REIT for reasons other than the conduct of the business of our operating partnership. | | We are a Maryland corporation. We intend to elect to be taxed as a REIT under the Code, commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2003. We intend to maintain our qualification as a REIT. Our only substantial asset is our interest in our operating partnership, which gives us an indirect investment in its properties. Under our charter, we may engage in any lawful act or activity permitted by the MGCL. |
Additional Equity |
|
As sole general partner, we have the ability to cause our operating partnership to issue additional units representing general and limited partnership interests. These additional units may include preferred limited partnership units with terms, provisions and rights that are preferential to those of the common units. In addition, we may issue additional shares of our common stock, preferred stock or convertible securities, but only if we cause our operating partnership to issue to us partnership interests or rights, options, warrants or convertible or exchangeable securities of our operating partnership having designations, preferences and other rights, so that the economic interests of our operating | | Our board of directors may issue, in its discretion, additional shares of common stock or additional shares of preferred stock provided that such additional shares do not exceed the authorized number of shares of stock stated in our charter. Our charter authorizes our board of directors to increase the number of authorized shares of our common stock and preferred stock without stockholder approval. As long as our operating partnership is in existence, we are required to contribute to our operating partnership, in exchange for units in our operating partnership, the proceeds of all equity capital raised by us. |
18
| | |
partnership’s interests issued are substantially similar to the securities that we have issued. | | |
Management Control |
|
We are the sole general partner of our operating partnership and conduct substantially all of our business in or through it. As sole general partner of our operating partnership, we exercise exclusive and complete responsibility and discretion in its day-to-day management and control. We can cause our operating partnership to enter into certain major transactions, including acquisitions, dispositions and refinancings, subject to certain limited exceptions. The limited partners of our operating partnership may not transact business for, or participate in the management activities or decisions of, our operating partnership, except as provided in the partnership agreement and as required by applicable law. The limited partners of our operating partnership expressly acknowledged that we, as general partner of our operating partnership, are acting for the benefit of our operating partnership, the limited partners and our stockholders collectively. Our company is under no obligation to give priority to the separate interests of the limited partners or our stockholders in deciding whether to cause our operating partnership to take or decline to take any actions. If there is a conflict between the interests of our stockholders on one hand and the limited partners on the other, we will endeavor in good faith to resolve the conflict in a manner not adverse to either our stockholders or the limited partners; provided, however, that for so long as we own a controlling interest in our operating partnership, any conflict that cannot be resolved in a manner not adverse to either our stockholders or the limited partners shall be resolved in favor of our stockholders. | | Under our charter and bylaws:
• our business and affairs shall be managed under the direction of our board of directors, except as conferred on or reserved to the stockholders by statute or by our charter or bylaws;
• at each annual meeting of stockholders, our stockholders elect directors for one-year terms, serving until the next annual meeting and until their successors are duly elected and qualify;
• if our board of directors determines that it is no longer in our best interests to continue to be qualified as a REIT, the board of directors may revoke or otherwise terminate our REIT election pursuant to Section 856(g) of the Code;
• our charter may be amended only if the amendment is declared advisable by our board of directors and approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than two-thirds of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter; and
• our board of directors has the exclusive power to adopt, alter or repeal any provision of our bylaws and to make new bylaws. |
Duties of Directors |
|
Under Maryland law, we are subject to the restrictions and liabilities of a partner in a partnership. To the extent permitted by applicable law, the partnership agreement indemnifies us, as general partner, and our officers, directors, employees, agents and any other persons we may designate from and against any and all claims arising from operations of our operating partnership in which any indemnitee may be involved, or is threatened to be involved, as a party or otherwise, unless it is established that:
• the act or omission of the indemnitee was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and either | | Under Maryland law, our directors must perform their duties in good faith, in a manner that they reasonably believe to be in our best interests and with the care that an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances. Directors who act in this manner generally will not be liable to us for monetary damages arising from their activities. |
19
| | |
was committed in bad faith or was fraud or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty;
• the indemnitee actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or
• in the case of any criminal proceeding, the indemnitee had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful.
Similarly, we, as general partner of our operating partnership, and our officers, directors, agents or employees, are not liable or accountable to our operating partnership for losses sustained, liabilities incurred or benefits not derived as a result of errors in judgment or mistakes of fact or law or any act or omission so long as we acted in good faith. | | |
Anti-Takeover Provisions |
|
As sole general partner of our operating partnership, we exercise exclusive and complete responsibility and discretion in its day-to-day management and control. A general partner may not be removed by a limited partner with or without cause, except with the consent of the general partner.
The partnership agreement provides that our company may not engage in any termination transaction, unless in connection with such termination transaction:
(i) we obtain the consent of at least 50% of the partners of our operating partnership (including units held by our company), and
(ii) either:
(A) all limited partners will receive, or have the right to elect to receive, for each common unit an amount of cash, securities, or other property equal to the product of:
• the number of shares of our common stock into which each common unit is then exchangeable, and
• the greatest amount of cash, securities or other property paid to the holder of one share of our common stock in consideration of one share of our common stock pursuant to the termination transaction, provided that, if, in connection with such termination transaction, a purchase, tender or exchange offer is made to and accepted by the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of our common stock, each holder of common units will receive, or will have the right to elect to receive, the greatest amount of cash, securities, or other property which such holder would have received had it exercised its redemption right and received shares of our common stock in exchange for its common | | Certain provisions of our charter and our bylaws could delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of control of our company that might involve a premium price for our stockholders or otherwise be in their best interest. These provisions include:
• authorized stock that our board of directors may issue in its discretion as preferred stock with voting and other rights superior to our common stock;
• a requirement that members of our board of directors may be removed only for cause and then only by the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast generally in the election of directors;
• limitations on the ownership of our stock in order for us to maintain our status as a REIT;
• a requirement that nominations of persons for election to our board of directors and proposals of other business to be considered by our stockholders at the annual meeting may be made only:
• pursuant to our notice of the meeting;
• by or at the direction of our board of directors; or
• by any stockholder who was a stockholder of record both at the time of giving of notice and at the time of the annual meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who complied with the applicable notice procedures.
Likewise, if our board of directors were to opt in to the business combination provisions of the MGCL or if the provision in our bylaws opting out of the control share acquisition provisions of the MGCL were rescinded, these provisions of the MGCL could |
20
| | |
units immediately prior to the expiration of such purchase, tender or exchange offer and accepted such purchase, tender or exchange offer; or
(B) the following conditions are met:
• substantially all of the assets of the surviving entity are held directly or indirectly by our operating partnership or another limited partnership or limited liability company that is the surviving partnership of a merger, consolidation or combination of assets with our operating partnership;
• the holders of units own a percentage interest of the surviving partnership based on the relative fair market value of the net assets of our operating partnership and the other net assets of the surviving partnership immediately prior to the consummation of such termination transaction;
• the rights, preferences and privileges of such unit holders in the surviving partnership are at least as favorable to those in effect immediately prior to the consummation of such termination transaction and as those applicable to any other limited partners or non-managing members of the surviving partnership; and
• the limited partners have the right to either (i) exchange their interests in the surviving partnership for either the consideration available to the common limited partners pursuant to paragraph ii(A) in this section, or (ii) exchange their units for cash on terms equivalent to those in effect with respect to their units immediately prior to the consummation of such transaction, or, if the ultimate controlling person of the surviving partnership has publicly traded common equity securities, shares of those common equity securities, at an exchange ratio based on the relative fair market value of those securities and our common stock. | | have similar anti-takeover effects. |
Voting and Consent Rights |
|
Under the partnership agreement, all management powers over the business and affairs of our operating partnership are exclusively vested in the general partner, and no limited partner shall have any right to participate in or exercise control or management power over the business and affairs of our operating partnership, including voting or consent rights. However, certain amendments to the partnership agreement, as well as certain termination transactions, require consent from the limited partners, as set forth below. | | Our business and affairs are managed under the direction of our board of directors. Stockholders elect the directors to one-year terms at our annual meetings. Maryland law requires that some major corporate transactions, including most amendments to our charter, may not be consummated without the approval of stockholders as set forth below. All holders of our common stock have one vote per share. Our charter permits our board of directors to classify and issue preferred stock in one or more classes or series, in addition to our series A preferred stock, having voting power which may differ from that of our common stock. |
21
The following is a comparison of the voting rights of the common limited partners of our operating partnership and our common stockholders as they relate to some major events or transactions:
A. Amendment of the Partnership Agreement or Our Charter and Bylaws
| | |
Generally, the partnership agreement may be amended, modified or terminated with the approval of partners holding 66 2/3% of all outstanding units (including the units held by us as general partner). As general partner, we will have the power to unilaterally make certain amendments to the partnership agreement without obtaining the consent of the limited partners as may be required to:
• add to our obligations as general partner or surrender any right or power granted to us as general partner for the benefit of the limited partners;
• reflect the issuance of additional units or the admission, substitution, termination or withdrawal of partners in accordance with the terms of the partnership agreement;
• reflect a change of an inconsequential nature that does not adversely affect the limited partners in any material respect, or cure any ambiguity, correct or supplement any provisions of the partnership agreement not inconsistent with law or with other provisions of the partnership agreement, or make other changes concerning matters under the partnership agreement that will not otherwise be inconsistent with the partnership agreement or law;
• satisfy any requirements, conditions or guidelines of federal or state law;
• reflect changes that are reasonably necessary for us, as general partner, to maintain our status as a REIT; or
• modify the manner in which capital accounts are computed.
Amendments that would, among other things, convert a limited partner’s interest into a general partner’s interest, modify the limited liability of a limited partner, alter a partner’s right to receive any distributions or allocations of profits or losses or materially alter or modify the redemption rights described below must be approved by each limited partner that would be adversely affected by such amendment. In addition, without the written consent of a majority of the units held by limited partners (other than limited partners 50% or more of whose equity is owned, directly or indirectly, by us as general partner), we, as general partner, may not do any of the following:
• take any action in contravention of an express | | Our charter, including its provisions on removal of directors, may be amended only if the amendment is declared advisable by our board of directors and approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than two-thirds of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Our board has the exclusive power to adopt, alter, or repeal any provision of our bylaws and make new bylaws. |
22
| | |
prohibition or limitation contained in the partnership agreement;
• enter into or conduct any business other than in connection with our role as general partner of our operating partnership and our operation as a REIT;
• acquire an interest in real or personal property other than through our operating partnership;
• withdraw from our operating partnership or transfer any portion of our general partnership interest; or
• be relieved of our obligations under the partnership agreement following any permitted transfer of our general partnership interest. | | |
B. Dissolution of Maguire Properties, L.P. or Maguire Properties, Inc.
| | |
Our operating partnership will dissolve, and its affairs will be wound up, upon the first to occur of the following:
• the expiration of the term of the partnership agreement;
• an event of withdrawal, as defined in the partnership agreement;
• an election to dissolve our operating partnership made by the general partner;
• an entry of a decree of judicial dissolution of our operating partnership pursuant to applicable Maryland law;
• any sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of our operating partnership;
• the incapacity of a general partner, as defined in the partnership agreement, unless all the remaining partners agree to continue to the business of our operating partnership and to the appointment of a substitute general partner;
• the redemption or exchange for common stock of all common units pursuant to the partnership agreement; or
• a ruling that the general partner is bankrupt or insolvent. | | Under applicable Maryland law, a decision causing us to dissolve requires:
• approval by a majority of our entire board of directors; and
• approval by at least two-thirds of the total number of shares of stock outstanding and entitled to vote. |
23
C. Vote Required to Merge, Consolidate or Sell Assets
| | |
The partnership agreement provides that our company may not engage in any termination transaction unless we obtain the consent of at least 50% of the partners of our operating partnership (including units held by our company), and certain other conditions are met (see “— Anti-Takeover Provisions” above). | | Under Maryland law, the sale of all or substantially all our assets or our merger or consolidation generally requires the approval of:
• a majority of the members of our board of directors; and
• the holders of two-thirds of the shares entitled to vote on the matter. |
|
Tax Indemnity |
|
Under the contribution agreements by which certain of the selling stockholders, including Robert F. Maguire III, our Chairman and Co-Chief Executive Officer, contributed their direct and indirect interests in the properties in our portfolio to us in exchange for common units, we agreed to indemnify Mr. Maguire and these other contributors against adverse tax consequences to them in the event that we directly or indirectly sell, exchange or otherwise dispose of three of our properties in a taxable transaction until the ninth anniversary of the consummation of our initial public offering, or IPO (or up to the twelfth anniversary if Mr. Maguire and related entities retain ownership of 50% or more of the common units received by them in connection with our IPO and pursuant to certain option agreements), and two other properties until the seventh anniversary of the consummation of our IPO (or up to the tenth anniversary if Mr. Maguire and related entities retain ownership of 50% or more of the common units received by them in connection with our IPO and pursuant to certain option agreements). If any of such selling stockholders exchanges common units for our common stock pursuant to this prospectus and falls below the above- mentioned 50% ownership threshold, such selling stockholder will no longer be the beneficiary of our indemnification against adverse tax consequences. | | Our common stockholders are not entitled to any tax indemnity. |
|
Debt Guarantees |
|
Under Mr. Maguire’s and related entities’ contribution agreements, all of whom are selling stockholders under this prospectus, we agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to make $443.8 million of indebtedness available for guarantee by Mr. Maguire and entities related to him until the ninth anniversary of the consummation of our IPO (or up to the twelfth anniversary if Mr. Maguire and related entities continue to own 50% or more of the common units received by them in connection with our IPO and pursuant to option | | Our common stockholders are not entitled to any debt guarantee. |
24
| | |
agreements related to certain properties for which we have an option to purchase). Under the contribution agreement of Master Investments, LLC, also a selling stockholder, we agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to make available for guarantee by such entity $65.0 million of indebtedness on the same basis as Mr. Maguire. We also have agreed to make an additional $83.0 million in indebtedness available for guarantee by a third party selling stockholder on the same basis as Mr. Maguire. If any of such selling stockholders exchanges common units for our common stock pursuant to this prospectus and falls below the above-mentioned 50% ownership threshold, such selling stockholder will no longer be the beneficiary of our covenant to make debt available to guarantee. | | |
|
Compensation, Fees and Distributions |
|
We do not receive any compensation for our services as general partner of our operating partnership. As a partner, however, we have a right to allocations and distributions similar to other partners. In addition, our operating partnership will reimburse us for all expenses incurred relating to our ongoing operations and any issuance of additional partnership interests. | | Our officers receive compensation for their services.
Each of our directors who is not an employee of our company or our subsidiaries receives an annual fee of $60,000 for services as a director. No additional fee will be paid for attendance at board of director committee meetings.
Directors who are employees of our company or our subsidiaries do not receive compensation for their services as directors. |
|
Liability of Investors |
|
Under applicable Maryland law, a limited partner is generally not liable for the obligations of our operating partnership, unless the limited partner is also a general partner or, in addition to the exercise of the limited partner’s rights and powers as a limited partner, the limited partner takes part in the control of the business. The liability of the limited partners for debts and obligations is generally limited to the amount of their current investment in our operating partnership, measured as an amount equal to their respective capital account balance. Under the partnership agreement, limited partners have no liability except as expressly provided for therein or under Maryland law. | | Under Maryland law, our stockholders generally are not personally liable for our debts or obligations. |
Liquidity |
|
Except in connection with a termination transaction, as general partner, we may not voluntarily withdraw from our operating partnership or transfer or assign all or any portion of our interest in our operating partnership, without the consent of the holders of a majority of the limited partnership | | A stockholder is entitled to freely transfer the shares of our common stock received in exchange for common units, subject to prospectus delivery and other requirements for registered securities and subject to the restrictions on ownership and transfer of shares of our stock contained in our charter. Our |
25
| | |
interests (including our 79.5% interest therein). The limited partners have agreed not to sell, assign, encumber or otherwise dispose of their common units in our operating partnership without our consent until August 27, 2004, other than to us, as general partner, to an affiliate of the transferring limited partner, to other original limited partners, to immediate family members, to a trust for the benefit of a charitable beneficiary, or to a lending institution as collateral for a bona fide loan, subject to certain limitations. After August 27, 2004, any transfer of common units by the limited partners, except to the parties specified above, will be subject to a right of first refusal by us and must be made only to “accredited investors” as defined under Rule 501 of the Securities Act. | | common stock is listed on the NYSE. The success of the secondary market for shares of our common stock depends, among other things, upon the number of shares outstanding, our financial results and prospects, the general interest in us and other real estate investments and our dividend yield compared to that of other debt and equity securities. |
Taxes |
|
We are the tax matters partner of our operating partnership and, as such, we have authority to make tax elections under the Code on behalf of our operating partnership.
Our operating partnership itself is not required to pay federal income taxes. Instead, each holder of units includes its allocable share of partnership taxable income or loss in determining its individual federal income tax liability. Income and loss generally is subject to “passive activity” limitations. Under the “passive activity” rules, partners can generally offset income and loss that is considered “passive” against income and loss from other investments that constitute “passive activities.”
Partnership cash distributions are generally not taxable to a holder of units except to the extent they exceed the holder’s basis in its partnership interest, which will include such holder’s allocable share of the debt of the partnership.
Holders of units are required, in some cases, to file state income tax returns and/or pay state income taxes in the states in which our operating partnership owns property, even if they are not residents of those states. | | As long as we qualify as a REIT, distributions out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, other than capital gain dividends discussed below, generally will constitute dividends taxable to our taxable U.S. stockholders as ordinary income and will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction in the case of U.S. stockholders that are corporations. In addition, these distributions generally will not be eligible for treatment as “qualified dividend income” for individual U.S. stockholders. Distributions that we properly designate as capital gain dividends will be taxable to our taxable U.S. stockholders as gain from the sale or disposition of a capital asset, to the extent that such gain does not exceed our actual net capital gain for the taxable year. Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits will be treated as a nontaxable return of capital to the extent of a stockholder’s adjusted basis in his, her or its common stock, with the excess taxed as capital gain.
Distributions we make and gain arising from the sale or exchange by a U.S. stockholder of our shares will not be treated as passive activity income. As a result, U.S. stockholders generally will not be able to apply any “passive losses” against this income or gain.
Stockholders who are individuals generally will not be required to file state income tax returns and/or pay state income taxes outside of their state of residence with respect to our operations and distributions. |
26
MATERIAL PROVISIONS OF MARYLAND LAW AND OF OUR CHARTER AND BYLAWS
The following summary of certain provisions of Maryland law and of our charter and bylaws does not purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to Maryland law and our charter and bylaws, copies of which we have previously filed with the SEC and which we incorporate by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. See “Where You Can Find More Information.”
Our Board of Directors
Our bylaws provide that the number of directors of our company may be established by our board of directors but may not be fewer than the minimum number permitted under the MGCL nor more than 15. Any vacancy will be filled, at any regular meeting or at any special meeting called for that purpose, by a majority of the remaining directors.
Pursuant to our charter, each of our directors is elected by our common stockholders to serve until the next annual meeting and until their successors are duly elected and qualify. Holders of shares of our common stock will have no right to cumulative voting in the election of directors. Consequently, at each annual meeting of stockholders, the holders of a majority of the shares of our common stock will be able to elect all of our directors. Additionally, in the event that we are in arrears on dividends on our series A preferred stock for six or more quarterly periods, whether or not consecutive, holders of our series A preferred stock will have the right to elect an additional two directors to our board for a limited time.
Removal of Directors
Our charter provides that a director may be removed only for cause (as defined in our charter) and only by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the votes of common stockholders entitled to be cast generally in the election of directors. This provision, when coupled with the provision in our bylaws authorizing our board of directors to fill vacant directorships, precludes stockholders from removing incumbent directors except upon the existence of cause for removal and a substantial affirmative vote and filling the vacancies created by such removal with their own nominees. In addition, any director elected to our board by the holders of our series A preferred stock may only be removed by a vote of such series A preferred stockholders.
Business Combinations
Under the MGCL, certain “business combinations” (including a merger, consolidation, share exchange or, in certain circumstances, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities) between a Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder — i.e., any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of the corporation’s shares or an affiliate or associate of the corporation who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of the then outstanding voting stock of the corporation — or an affiliate of such an interested stockholder are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. Thereafter, any such business combination must be recommended by the board of directors of such corporation and approved by the affirmative vote of at least (a) 80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding shares of the voting stock of the corporation and (b) two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of the voting stock of the corporation other than shares held by the interested stockholder with whom (or with whose affiliate) the business combination is to be effected or held by an affiliate or associate of the interested stockholder, unless, among other conditions, the corporation’s common stockholders receive a minimum price (as defined in the MGCL) for their shares and the consideration is received in cash or in the same form as previously paid by the interested stockholder for its shares. A person is not an interested stockholder under the statute if the board of directors approved in advance the transaction by which the person otherwise would have become an interested stockholder. Our board of directors may provide that its approval is subject to compliance with any terms and conditions determined by it.
27
In addition, these provisions of the MGCL do not apply, however, to business combinations that are approved or exempted by a board of directors prior to the time that the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. Pursuant to the statute, our board of directors has by resolution opted out of these provisions of the MGCL and, consequently, the five-year prohibition and the supermajority vote requirements will not apply to business combinations between us and any person. As a result, any person may be able to enter into business combinations with us that may not be in the best interest of our stockholders without compliance by our company with the super-majority vote requirements and the other provisions of the statute. There can be no assurance that our board of directors will not opt to be subject to such business combination provisions in the future.
Control Share Acquisitions
The MGCL provides that “control shares” of a Maryland corporation acquired in a “control share acquisition” have no voting rights except to the extent approved at a special meeting by the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding shares of stock in a corporation in respect of which any of the following persons is entitled to exercise or direct the exercise of the voting power of shares of stock of the corporation in the election of directors: (i) a person who makes or proposes to make a control share acquisition, (ii) an officer of the corporation or (iii) an employee of the corporation who is also a director of the corporation. “Control shares” are voting shares of stock which, if aggregated with all other such shares of stock previously acquired by the acquiror or in respect of which the acquiror is able to exercise or direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), would entitle the acquiror to exercise voting power in electing directors within one of the following ranges of voting power: (i) one-tenth or more but less than one-third, (ii) one-third or more but less than a majority, or (iii) a majority or more of all voting power. Control shares do not include shares the acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained stockholder approval. A “control share acquisition” means the acquisition of control shares, subject to certain exceptions.
A person who has made or proposes to make a control share acquisition, upon satisfaction of certain conditions (including an undertaking to pay expenses), may compel our board of directors to call a special meeting of stockholders to be held within 50 days of demand to consider the voting rights of the shares. If no request for a meeting is made, the corporation may itself present the question at any stockholders’ meeting.
If voting rights are not approved at the meeting or if the acquiring person does not deliver an acquiring person statement as required by the statute, then, subject to certain conditions and limitations, the corporation may redeem any or all of the control shares (except those for which voting rights have previously been approved) for fair value determined, without regard to the absence of voting rights for the control shares, as of the date of the last control share acquisition by the acquiror or of any meeting of stockholders at which the voting rights of such shares are considered and not approved. If voting rights for control shares are approved at a stockholders’ meeting and the acquiror becomes entitled to vote a majority of the shares entitled to vote, all other stockholders may exercise appraisal rights. The fair value of the shares as determined for purposes of such appraisal rights may not be less than the highest price per share paid by the acquiror in the control share acquisition.
The control share acquisition statute does not apply (a) to shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if the corporation is a party to the transaction or (b) to acquisitions approved or exempted by the charter or bylaws of the corporation.
Our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the control share acquisition statute any and all acquisitions by any person of our common stock. There can be no assurance that such provision will not be amended or eliminated at any time in the future.
Subtitle 8
Subtitle 8 of Title 3 of the MGCL permits a Maryland corporation with a class of equity securities registered under the Exchange Act and at least three independent directors to elect to be subject, by
28
provision in its charter or bylaws or a resolution of its board of directors and notwithstanding any contrary provision in the charter or bylaws, to any or all of five provisions:
| | |
| • | a classified board of directors; |
|
| • | a two-thirds vote requirement for removing a director; |
|
| • | a requirement that the number of directors be fixed only by vote of the directors; |
|
| • | a requirement that a vacancy on the board of directors be filled only by the remaining directors and for the remainder of the full term of the class of directors in which the vacancy occurred; and |
|
| • | a majority requirement for the calling of a special meeting of stockholders. |
Through provisions in our charter and bylaws unrelated to Subtitle 8, we already (a) require a two-thirds vote for the removal of any director from our board of directors, (b) vest in our board of directors the exclusive power to fix the number of directorships and (c) require, unless called by the chairman of our board of directors, our president, our chief executive officer or our board of directors, the request of holders of a majority of outstanding shares to call a special meeting.
Amendment to Our Charter
Our charter, including its provisions on removal of directors, may be amended only if such amendment is declared advisable by our board of directors and approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than two-thirds of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, including, in the case of an amendment that would materially and adversely affect the holders of our series A preferred stock, the consent of the holders of two-thirds of the outstanding shares of our series A preferred stock voting as a single class.
Transactions Outside the Ordinary Course of Business
We may not merge with or into another company, sell all or substantially all of our assets, engage in a share exchange or engage in similar transactions outside the ordinary course of business unless such transaction is declared advisable by our board of directors and approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than two-thirds of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter including, in the case of any such transaction that would materially and adversely affect the holders of our series A preferred stock, the consent of the holders of two-thirds of the outstanding shares our series A preferred stock voting as a single class.
Dissolution of Our Company
The dissolution of our company must be declared advisable by a majority of our entire board of directors and approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than two-thirds of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter.
Advance Notice of Director Nominations and New Business
Our bylaws provide that:
| | |
| • | with respect to an annual meeting of stockholders, nominations of persons for election to our board of directors and the proposal of business to be considered by stockholders may be made only: |
| | |
| • | pursuant to our notice of the meeting; |
|
| • | by or at the direction of our board of directors; or |
|
| • | by a stockholder who is entitled to vote at the meeting and has complied with the advance notice procedures set forth in our bylaws. |
29
| | |
| • | with respect to special meetings of stockholders, only the business specified in our company’s notice of meeting may be brought before the meeting of stockholders and nominations of persons for election to our board of directors may be made only: |
| | |
| • | pursuant to our notice of the meeting; |
|
| • | by or at the direction of our board of directors; or |
|
| • | provided that our board of directors has determined that directors shall be elected at such meeting, by a stockholder who is entitled to vote at the meeting and has complied with the advance notice provisions set forth in our bylaws. |
Anti-takeover Effect of Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and of Our Charter and Bylaws
The provisions of our charter on removal of directors and the advance notice provisions of our bylaws could delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of control of our company that might involve a premium price for our stockholders or otherwise be in their best interest. Likewise, if our company’s board of directors were to opt in to the business combination provisions of the MGCL or the classified board provision of Subtitle 8 or if the provision in our bylaws opting out of the control share acquisition provisions of the MGCL were rescinded, these provisions of the MGCL could have similar anti-takeover effects.
Ownership Limit
Our charter and the articles supplementary creating the series A preferred stock, copies of which we have previously filed with the SEC and which we incorporate by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, provide that no person or entity may beneficially own, or be deemed to own by virtue of the applicable constructive ownership provisions of the Code, more than 9.8% (by value or by number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of the outstanding shares of our common stock or more than 9.8% (by value or by number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of the outstanding shares of our series A preferred stock. We refer to this restriction as the “ownership limit.” For a fuller description of this restriction and the constructive ownership rules, see our charter and the articles supplementary creating the series A preferred stock.
Indemnification and Limitation of Directors’ and Officers’ Liability
The MGCL permits a Maryland corporation to include in its charter a provision limiting the liability of its directors and officers to the corporation and its stockholders for money damages except for liability resulting from actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services or active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment as being material to the cause of action. Our charter contains such a provision which eliminates such liability to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law.
The MGCL requires a corporation (unless its charter provides otherwise, which our company’s charter does not) to indemnify a director or officer who has been successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of any proceeding to which he or she is made or threatened to be made a party by reason of his or her service in that capacity. The MGCL permits a corporation to indemnify its present and former directors and officers, among others, against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in connection with any proceeding to which they may be made or are threatened to be made a party by reason of their service in those or other capacities unless it is established that:
| | |
| • | the act or omission of the director or officer was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and: |
| | |
| • | was committed in bad faith; or |
|
| • | was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty; or |
30
| | |
| • | the director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or |
|
| • | in the case of any criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. |
However, under the MGCL, a Maryland corporation may not indemnify for an adverse judgment in a suit by or in the right of the corporation or for a judgment of liability on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received, unless in either case a court orders indemnification and then only for expenses. In addition, the MGCL permits a corporation to advance reasonable expenses to a director or officer upon the corporation’s receipt of:
| | |
| • | a written affirmation by the director or officer of his good faith belief that he has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the corporation; and |
|
| • | a written undertaking by the director or on the director’s behalf to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by the corporation if it is ultimately determined that the director did not meet the standard of conduct. |
Our charter authorizes us to obligate our company and our bylaws obligate us, to the fullest extent permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to time, to indemnify and, without requiring a preliminary determination of the ultimate entitlement to indemnification, pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to:
| | |
| • | any present or former director or officer who is made or threatened to be made a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity; or |
|
| • | any individual who, while a director of our company and at our request, serves or has served another corporation, REIT, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or any other enterprise as a director, officer, partner or trustee of such corporation, REIT, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise and who is made or threatened to be made a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity. |
Our charter and bylaws also permit us to indemnify and advance expenses to any person who served a predecessor of ours in any of the capacities described above and to any employee or agent of our company or a predecessor of our company.
Additionally, we have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers, as permitted under Maryland law.
The partnership agreement provides that we, as general partner, and our officers and directors are indemnified to the fullest extent permitted by law. See “Description of the Partnership Agreement of Maguire Properties, L.P. — Indemnification and Limitation of Liability.”
Insofar as the foregoing provisions permit indemnification of directors, officers or persons controlling us for liability arising under the Securities Act, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC, this indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
31
MATERIAL FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The following is a summary of the material United States federal income tax considerations regarding our company and the issuance and resale of our common stock. This summary is based on current law, is for general information only and is not tax advice, and the anticipated income tax treatment described in this prospectus may be changed, perhaps retroactively, by legislative, administrative or judicial action at any time.
This summary deals only with shares of our common stock and common units held as “capital assets” (generally, property held for investment within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code). Your tax treatment will vary depending on your particular situation, and this discussion does not purport to deal with all aspects of taxation that may be relevant to a holder of our common stock or common units in light of his or her personal investment or tax circumstances, or to holders who receive special treatment under the federal income tax laws except to the extent discussed under the headings “— Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders” and “— Taxation of Non-U.S. Stockholders.” Holders of our common stock or common units receiving special treatment include, without limitation:
| | |
| • | insurance companies; |
|
| • | financial institutions, broker-dealers or dealers in securities; |
|
| • | “S” corporations; |
|
| • | United States expatriates; |
|
| • | pension plans and other tax-exempt organizations; |
|
| • | stockholders holding securities as part of a conversion transaction, or a hedge or hedging transaction (or other risk reduction or constructive sale transaction) or as a position in a straddle for tax purposes; |
|
| • | foreign entities or individuals who are not citizens or residents of the United States; |
|
| • | United States persons whose functional currency is not the United States dollar; and |
|
| • | persons who are subject to the alternative minimum tax provisions of the Code. |
In addition, this summary does not purport to deal with aspects of taxation that may be relevant to a limited partner of our operating partnership except to the extent described in “— Tax Consequences of an Exchange of Common Units for Common Stock.” Furthermore, the summary below does not consider the effect of any foreign, state, local or other tax laws that may be applicable to us, or to you as a holder of common units or our common stock.
The information in this section is based on:
| | |
| • | the Code; |
|
| • | current, temporary and proposed Treasury regulations promulgated under the Code; |
|
| • | the legislative history of the Code; |
|
| • | current administrative interpretations and practices of the Internal Revenue Service; and |
|
| • | court decisions; |
in each case, as of the date of this prospectus. In addition, the administrative interpretations and practices of the Internal Revenue Service include its practices and policies as expressed in private letter rulings that are not binding on the Internal Revenue Service except with respect to the particular taxpayers who requested and received those rulings. Future legislation, Treasury regulations, administrative interpretations and practices and/or court decisions may adversely affect the tax considerations described in this prospectus. Any such change could apply retroactively to transactions preceding the date of the change. We have not requested and do not intend to request a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service that we
32
qualify as a REIT, and the statements in this prospectus are not binding on the Internal Revenue Service or any court. Thus, we can provide no assurance that the tax considerations contained in this summary will not be challenged by the Internal Revenue Service or will be sustained by a court if challenged by the Internal Revenue Service. This summary does not discuss any state, local or foreign tax consequences associated with the acquisition, ownership, sale or other disposition of our common stock or our election to be taxed as a REIT.
You are urged to consult your tax advisor regarding the specific tax consequences to you of:
| | |
| • | the exchange of your common units for our common stock; |
|
| • | the acquisition, ownership and sale or other disposition of our common stock, including the federal, state, local, foreign and other tax consequences; |
|
| • | our election to be taxed as a REIT for federal income tax purposes; and |
|
| • | potential changes in applicable tax laws. |
Tax Consequences of an Exchange of Common Units for Common Stock
If you exercise your right to require our operating partnership to acquire all or part of your common units, and we elect to acquire some or all of your common units in exchange for our common stock, the exchange will be a fully taxable transaction. You generally will recognize gain in an amount equal to the value of our common stock received, plus the amount of liabilities of our operating partnership allocable to your common units being exchanged, less your tax basis in those common units. The recognition of any loss is subject to a number of limitations set forth in the Code. The character of any gain or loss as capital or ordinary will depend on the nature of the assets of our operating partnership at the time of the exchange. The tax treatment of any acquisition of your common units by our operating partnership in exchange for cash may be similar, depending on your circumstances.
Taxation of Our Company
General. We intend to elect to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code, commencing with our taxable year ending December 31, 2003. We believe that we have been organized and have operated in a manner that will allow us to qualify for taxation as a REIT under the Code commencing with our taxable year ending December 31, 2003, and we intend to continue to be organized and operate in this manner. However, qualification and taxation as a REIT depends upon our ability to meet the various qualification tests imposed under the Code, including through our actual annual operating results, asset diversification, distribution levels and diversity of stock ownership. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that we have been organized or have operated in a manner so as to qualify, or that we will remain qualified, as a REIT. See “— Failure to Qualify.”
The sections of the Code and the corresponding Treasury regulations that relate to the qualification and operation of a REIT are highly technical and complex. The following sets forth the material aspects of the sections of the Code that govern the federal income tax treatment of a REIT and its stockholders. This summary is qualified in its entirety by the applicable Code provisions, relevant rules and Treasury regulations, and related administrative and judicial interpretations.
Latham & Watkins LLP has acted as our tax counsel in connection with this registration of our common stock and our election to be taxed as a REIT. Latham & Watkins LLP has rendered to us an opinion to the effect that, commencing with our taxable year ending December 31, 2003, we have been organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT, and that our proposed method of operation will enable us to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code. It must be emphasized that this opinion was based on various assumptions and representations as to factual matters, including representations made by us in a factual certificate provided by one of our officers. In addition, this opinion was based upon our factual representations set forth in this prospectus. Moreover, our qualification and taxation as a REIT depends upon our ability to meet the
33
various qualification tests imposed under the Code discussed below, including through actual annual operating results, asset diversification, distribution levels and diversity of stock ownership, the results of which have not been and will not be reviewed by Latham & Watkins LLP. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that our actual results of operation for any particular taxable year have satisfied or will satisfy those requirements. Latham & Watkins LLP has no obligation to update its opinion subsequent to its date. Further, the anticipated income tax treatment described in this prospectus may be changed, perhaps retroactively, by legislative, administrative or judicial action at any time. See “— Failure to Qualify.”
If we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we generally will not be required to pay federal corporate income taxes on our net income that is currently distributed to our stockholders. This treatment substantially eliminates the “double taxation” that usually results from investment in a C corporation. A C corporation generally is a corporation required to pay full corporate-level tax. Double taxation means taxation that occurs once at the corporate-level when income is earned and once again at the stockholder-level when the income is distributed. We will, however, be required to pay federal income tax as follows:
| | |
| • | First, we will be required to pay tax at regular corporate tax rates on any undistributed REIT taxable income, including undistributed net capital gains. |
|
| • | Second, we may be required to pay the “alternative minimum tax” on our items of tax preference under some circumstances. |
|
| • | Third, if we have (1) net income from the sale or other disposition of “foreclosure property” which is held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business or (2) other non-qualifying income from foreclosure property, we will be required to pay tax at the highest corporate rate on this income. Foreclosure property generally is defined as property we acquired through foreclosure or after a default on a loan secured by the property or a lease of the property. |
|
| • | Fourth, we will be required to pay a 100% tax on any net income from prohibited transactions. Prohibited transactions are, in general, sales or other taxable dispositions of property held as inventory or primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business, other than foreclosure property. |
|
| • | Fifth, if we fail to satisfy the 75% or 95% gross income test, as described below, but have otherwise maintained our qualification as a REIT because certain other requirements are met, we will be required to a pay a tax equal to (1) the greater of (A) the amount by which 75% of our gross income exceeds the amount qualifying under the 75% gross income test, and (B) the amount by which 90% of our gross income exceeds the amount qualifying under the 95% gross income test, multiplied by (2) a fraction intended to reflect our profitability. |
|
| • | Sixth, we will be required to pay a 4% excise tax to the extent we fail to distribute during each calendar year at least the sum of (1) 85% of our REIT ordinary income for the year, (2) 95% of our REIT capital gain net income for the year, and (3) any undistributed taxable income from prior periods. |
|
| • | Seventh, if we acquire any asset from a corporation which is or has been a C corporation in a transaction in which the basis of the asset in our hands is determined by reference to the basis of the asset in the hands of the C corporation, and we subsequently recognize gain on the disposition of the asset during the ten-year period beginning on the date on which we acquired the asset, then we will be required to pay tax at the highest regular corporate tax rate on this gain to the extent of the excess of (1) the fair market value of the asset over (2) our adjusted basis in the asset, in each case determined as of the date on which we acquired the asset. The results described in this paragraph with respect to the recognition of gain assume that the C corporation will refrain from making an election to receive different treatment under existing Treasury regulations on its tax return for the year in which we acquire an asset from the C corporation. |
|
| • | Eighth, we will be subject to a 100% tax on any “redetermined rents,” “redetermined deductions” or “excess interest.” In general, redetermined rents are rents from real property that are overstated |
34
| | |
| | as a result of services furnished by a “taxable REIT subsidiary” of our company to any of our tenants. See “— Ownership of Interests in Taxable REIT Subsidiaries.” Redetermined deductions and excess interest represent amounts that are deducted by our taxable REIT subsidiary for amounts paid to us that are in excess of the amounts that would have been deducted based on arm’s-length negotiations. |
Requirements for Qualification as a Real Estate Investment Trust. The Code defines a “REIT” as a corporation, trust or association:
(1) that is managed by one or more trustees or directors;
(2) that issues transferable shares or transferable certificates to evidence its beneficial ownership;
(3) that would be taxable as a domestic corporation, but for Sections 856 through 860 of the Code;
(4) that is not a financial institution or an insurance company within the meaning of certain provisions of the Code;
(5) that is beneficially owned by 100 or more persons;
(6) not more than 50% in value of the outstanding stock of which is owned, actually or constructively, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain entities) during the last half of each taxable year; and
(7) that meets other tests, described below, regarding the nature of its income and assets and the amount of its distributions.
The Code provides that conditions (1) to (4), inclusive, must be met during the entire taxable year and that condition (5) must be met during at least 335 days of a taxable year of twelve months, or during a proportionate part of a taxable year of less than twelve months. Conditions (5) and (6) do not apply until after the first taxable year for which an election is made to be taxed as a REIT. For purposes of condition (6), pension funds and other specified tax-exempt entities generally are treated as individuals, except that a “look-through” exception applies with respect to pension funds.
We believe that we have been organized, have operated and have issued sufficient shares of capital stock with sufficient diversity of ownership to allow us to satisfy conditions (1) through (7) inclusive. In addition, our charter documents provide for restrictions regarding ownership and transfer of our shares which are intended to assist us in continuing to satisfy the share ownership requirements described in (5) and (6) above. These stock ownership and transfer restrictions are described in “Description of Securities — Restrictions on Transfer.” These restrictions, however, may not ensure that we will, in all cases, be able to satisfy the share ownership requirements described in (5) and (6) above. If we fail to satisfy these share ownership requirements, except as provided in the next sentence, our status as a REIT will terminate. If, however, we comply with the rules contained in applicable Treasury regulations that require us to ascertain the actual ownership of our shares and we do not know, or would not have known through the exercise of reasonable diligence, that we failed to meet the requirement described in condition (6) above, we will be treated as having met this requirement. See the section below entitled “— Failure to Qualify.”
In addition, we may not maintain our status as a REIT unless our taxable year is the calendar year. We have and will continue to have a calendar taxable year.
Ownership of Interests in Partnerships, Limited Liability Companies and Qualified REIT Subsidiaries. In the case of a REIT which is a partner in a partnership or a member in a limited liability company treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, Treasury regulations provide that the REIT will be deemed to own its pro rata share of the assets of the partnership or limited liability company, as the case may be. Also, the REIT will be deemed to be entitled to the income of the partnership or limited liability company attributable to its pro rata share of the assets of that entity. The character of the assets and gross income of the partnership or limited liability company retains the same character in the hands of the REIT for purposes of Section 856 of the Code, including satisfying the gross
35
income tests and the asset tests. Thus, our pro rata share of the assets and items of income of our operating partnership, including our operating partnership’s share of these items of any partnership or limited liability company in which it owns an interest, are treated as our assets and items of income for purposes of applying the requirements described in this prospectus, including the income and asset tests described below. We have included a brief summary of the rules governing the federal income taxation of partnerships and limited liability companies and their partners or members below in “— Tax Aspects of Our Operating Partnership, the Subsidiary Partnerships and the Limited Liability Companies.” We have control of our operating partnership and the subsidiary partnerships and limited liability companies and intend to continue to operate them in a manner consistent with the requirements for our qualification as a REIT. In the future, we may be a limited partner or non-managing member in some of our partnerships and limited liability companies. If such a partnership or limited liability company were to take actions which could jeopardize our status as a REIT or require us to pay tax, we may be forced to dispose of our interest in such entity. In addition, it is possible that a partnership or limited liability company could take an action which could cause us to fail a REIT income or asset test, and that we would not become aware of such action in a time frame which would allow us to dispose of our interest in the partnership or limited liability company or take other corrective action on a timely basis. In that case, we could fail to qualify as a REIT unless entitled to relief, as described below.
We may acquire 100% of the stock of one or more corporations that are qualified REIT subsidiaries. A corporation will qualify as a qualified REIT subsidiary if we own 100% of its stock and it is not a taxable REIT subsidiary. A qualified REIT subsidiary will not be treated as a separate corporation, and all assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit of a qualified REIT subsidiary will be treated as our assets, liabilities and such items (as the case may be) for all purposes of the Code, including the REIT qualification tests. For this reason, references in “Material Federal Income Tax Considerations” to our income and assets should be understood to include the income and assets of any qualified REIT subsidiary we own.
Income of a qualified REIT subsidiary will not be subject to federal income tax. Our ownership of the voting stock of a qualified REIT subsidiary will not violate the restrictions against ownership of securities of any one issuer which constitute more than 10% of the voting power or value of such issuer’s securities or more than five percent of the value of our total assets, as described below in “— Asset Tests.”
Ownership of Interests in Taxable REIT Subsidiaries. A taxable REIT subsidiary is a corporation other than a REIT in which we directly or indirectly hold stock, and that has made a joint election with us to be treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary. A taxable REIT subsidiary also includes any corporation other than a REIT with respect to which a taxable REIT subsidiary in which we own an interest owns, directly or indirectly, securities, other than certain “straight debt” securities, possessing more than 35% of the total voting power or value of the outstanding securities of such corporation. Other than some activities relating to lodging and health care facilities, a taxable REIT subsidiary may generally engage in any business, including the provision of customary or non-customary services to tenants of its parent REIT. A taxable REIT subsidiary is required to pay regular federal income tax, and state and local income tax where applicable, as a regular C corporation. In addition, a taxable REIT subsidiary may be prevented from deducting interest on debt funded directly or indirectly by us if certain tests regarding the taxable REIT subsidiary’s debt to equity ratio and interest expense are not satisfied. Our services company has elected, together with us, to be treated as our taxable REIT subsidiary. See “— Asset Tests.” In addition, a corporation which provides parking services with respect to our properties and in which we own 1% of the outstanding common stock has jointly elected with us to be treated as our taxable REIT subsidiary. Although we do not currently hold an interest in any other taxable REIT subsidiary, we may acquire securities in one or more additional taxable REIT subsidiaries in the future.
Income Tests. We must satisfy two gross income requirements annually to maintain our qualification as a REIT. First, in each taxable year we must derive directly or indirectly at least 75% of our gross income, excluding gross income from prohibited transactions, from investments relating to real property or mortgages on real property, including “rents from real property” and, in certain circumstances, interest, or from certain types of temporary investments. Second, in each taxable year we must derive at
36
least 95% of our gross income, excluding gross income from prohibited transactions, from these real property investments, dividends, interest and gain from the sale or disposition of stock or securities, or from any combination of the foregoing. For these purposes, the term “interest” generally does not include any amount received or accrued, directly or indirectly, if the determination of the amount depends in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person. However, an amount received or accrued generally will not be excluded from the term “interest” solely by reason of being based on a fixed percentage or percentages of receipts or sales.
Rents we receive from a tenant will qualify as “rents from real property” for the purpose of satisfying the gross income requirements for a REIT described above only if the following conditions are met:
| | |
| • | The amount of rent must not be based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person. However, an amount we receive or accrue generally will not be excluded from the term “rents from real property” solely by reason of being based on a fixed percentage or percentages of receipts or sales; |
|
| • | We, or an actual or constructive owner of 10% or more of our capital stock, must not actually or constructively own 10% or more of the interests in the assets or net profits of the tenant, or, if the tenant is a corporation, 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock entitled to vote or value of all classes of stock of the tenant. Rents received from such tenant that is a taxable REIT subsidiary, however, will not be excluded from the definition of “rents from real property” as a result of this condition if either (i) at least 90% of the space at the property to which the rents relate is leased to third parties, and the rents paid by the taxable REIT subsidiary are comparable to rents paid by our other tenants for comparable space or (ii) the property is a qualified lodging facility and such property is operated on behalf of the taxable REIT subsidiary by a person who is an independent contractor and certain other requirements are met; |
|
| • | Rent attributable to personal property, leased in connection with a lease of real property, must not be greater than 15% of the total rent received under the lease. If this requirement is not met, then the portion of rent attributable to personal property will not qualify as “rents from real property”; and |
|
| • | We generally must not operate or manage the property or furnish or render services to the tenants of the property, subject to a 1%de minimisexception, other than through an independent contractor from whom we derive no revenue. We may, however, directly perform certain services that are “usually or customarily rendered” in connection with the rental of space for occupancy only and are not otherwise considered “rendered to the occupant” of the property. Examples of such services include the provision of light, heat, or other utilities, trash removal and general maintenance of common areas. In addition, we may employ an independent contractor to provide customary services, or a taxable REIT subsidiary, which may be wholly or partially owned by us, to provide both customary and non-customary services to our tenants without causing the rent we receive from those tenants to fail to qualify as “rents from real property.” Any amounts we receive from a taxable REIT subsidiary with respect to the taxable REIT subsidiary’s provision of non-customary services will, however, be non-qualifying income under the 75% gross income test and, except to the extent received through the payment of dividends, the 95% REIT gross income test. |
We generally do not intend, and as a general partner of our operating partnership, do not intend to permit our operating partnership to take actions we believe will cause us to fail to satisfy the conditions described above. Notwithstanding the foregoing, we may have taken and may in the future take actions which fail to satisfy one or more of the above conditions to the extent that we determine, based on the advice of our tax counsel, that those actions will not jeopardize our tax status as a REIT.
Income we receive which is attributable to the rental of parking spaces at the properties will constitute rents from real property for purposes of the REIT gross income tests if the services provided with respect to the parking facilities are performed by independent contractors from whom we derive no income, either directly or indirectly, or by a taxable REIT subsidiary. We believe that the income we
37
receive that is attributable to parking facilities will meet these tests and, accordingly, will constitute rents from real property for purposes of the REIT gross income tests.
The REIT income tests described above prevent us from operating, directly or through a manager, the hotel at Plaza Las Fuentes. Instead, we lease the hotel to our services company in exchange for its payment of rent. In order for the rent payable under this lease to constitute “rents from real property,” the lease must be respected as a true lease for federal income tax purposes and not treated as a service contract, joint venture, or some other type of arrangement. The determination of whether the Plaza Las Fuentes Westin lease is a true lease depends on an analysis of all the surrounding facts and circumstances. In addition, federal income tax law provides that a contract that purports to be a service contract or a partnership agreement will be treated instead as a lease of property if the contract is properly treated as such, taking into account all relevant factors. Since the determination whether a service contract should be treated as a lease is inherently factual, the presence or absence of any single factor will not be dispositive in every case.
We believe that the Plaza Las Fuentes Westin lease will be treated as a true lease for federal income tax purposes. Such belief is based, in part, on the following facts:
| | |
| • | our operating partnership and our services company intend for their relationship to be that of a lessor and lessee and such relationship is documented by a lease agreement; |
|
| • | our services company has the right to the exclusive possession, use, and quiet enjoyment of the hotel during the term of the lease; |
|
| • | our services company bears the cost of, and is responsible for, day-to-day maintenance and repair of the hotel, other than the cost of maintaining underground utilities and structural elements, and generally dictates how the hotel is operated, maintained, and improved; |
|
| • | our services company bears all of the costs and expenses of operating the hotel, including the cost of any inventory used in its operation, during the terms of the lease, other than certain capital expenditures required by law or under the management agreement with Westin Management Company West or that are otherwise approved by us; |
|
| • | our services company benefits from any savings in the costs of operating the hotel during the term of the lease; |
|
| • | our services company generally will indemnify our operating partnership against all liabilities imposed on our operating partnership during the term of the Plaza Las Fuentes Westin lease by reason of (1) injury to persons or damage to property occurring at the hotel or (2) our services company’s use, management, maintenance, or repair of the hotel; |
|
| • | our services company is obligated to pay substantial fixed rent for the period of use of the hotel; |
|
| • | our services company stands to incur substantial losses or reap substantial gains depending on how successfully it operates the hotel; and |
|
| • | the rent under the Plaza Las Fuentes Westin lease is equal to the arm’s-length rental for the terms of the lease. |
Investors should be aware that there are no controlling Treasury regulations, published rulings, or judicial decisions involving leases with terms substantially the same as the Plaza Las Fuentes Westin lease that discuss whether such lease constitutes a true lease for federal income tax purposes. If the Plaza Las Fuentes Westin lease is characterized as a service contract or partnership agreement, rather than as a true lease, part or all of the payments that our operating partnership receives as rent from our services company, or our services company’s gross revenues, may not be considered rent or may not otherwise satisfy the various requirements for qualification as “rents from real property.” In that case, we may not be able to satisfy either the 75% or 95% gross income test and, as a result, could fail to qualify as a REIT.
38
In addition, as stated above, for rents we receive to qualify as “rents from real property,” we must not own, actually or constructively, 10% or more of the stock of a corporate lessee or 10% or more of the interests in the assets or net profits of a non-corporate lessee. However, this rule will not apply to our lease of the Plaza Las Fuentes Westin provided we lease the hotel to a taxable REIT subsidiary like our services company, and provided the following requirements are satisfied:
| | |
| • | The Plaza Las Fuentes Westin must be a “qualified lodging facility.” A qualified lodging facility is a hotel, motel or other establishment more than one-half of the dwelling units in which are used on a transient basis. Further, no wagering activities may be conducted at or in connection with such facility by any person who is engaged in the business of accepting wagers and who is legally authorized to engage in such business at or in connection with such facility. A qualified lodging facility includes amenities and facilities operated as part of, or associated with, the lodging facility as long as such amenities and facilities are customary for other properties of a comparable size and class owned by other unrelated owners. |
|
| • | The Plaza Las Fuentes Westin must be operated on behalf of our services company by a person who qualifies as an “eligible independent contractor,” which means that (i) such person cannot own, directly or indirectly (taking into account constructive ownership rules), more than 35% of the REIT’s shares, (ii) no person or group of persons owning, directly or indirectly (taking into account constructive ownership rules), 35% or more of the REIT’s outstanding shares may own, directly or indirectly (taking into account constructive ownership rules), more than 35% of the ownership interests in the contractor, and (iii) while the statutory language is unclear on this point, the REIT may not be able to derive any income from the contractor or bear the expenses of the contractor, other than expenses of operating the facility under the management contract. Further, the independent contractor (or a person related to the independent contractor) must be actively engaged in the trade or business of operating “qualified lodging facilities” for any person that is not related to us or our services company. |
We formed our services company in part to act as the lessee of the Plaza Las Fuentes Westin. We believe that the Plaza Las Fuentes Westin constitutes a “qualified lodging facility” and that our services company has engaged an “eligible independent contractor” from whom we do not derive any income, to operate and manage the hotel on behalf of our services company. Thus, we believe that the rents we derive from our services company with respect to the Plaza Las Fuentes Westin lease qualify for this exception to the related party rent rule.
Our services company will provide certain services in exchange for a fee or derive other income which would not qualify under the REIT gross income tests. Such fees and other income do not accrue to us, but we derive our allocable share of dividend income from our services company through our interest in our operating partnership. Such dividend income qualifies under the 95%, but not the 75%, REIT gross income test. Our operating partnership provides management and administrative services to our services company, limited liability companies in which we own an interest, the option properties and other properties. The fees derived by our operating partnership as a result of the provision of such services may be non-qualifying income to us under both the 95% and 75% REIT income tests. We will continue to monitor the amount of the dividend income from our services company and fee income earned by our operating partnership, and will take actions intended to keep this income, and any other non-qualifying income, within the limitations of the REIT income tests. While we expect these actions to prevent a violation of the REIT income tests, we cannot guarantee that such actions will in all cases prevent such a violation.
If we fail to satisfy one or both of the 75% or 95% gross income tests for any taxable year, we may nevertheless qualify as a REIT for the year if we are entitled to relief under certain provisions of the Code. Generally, we may avail ourselves of the relief provisions if:
| | |
| • | our failure to meet these tests was due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect; |
39
| | |
| • | we attach a schedule of the sources of our income to our federal income tax return; and |
|
| • | any incorrect information on the schedule was not due to fraud with intent to evade tax. |
It is not possible, however, to state whether in all circumstances we would be entitled to the benefit of these relief provisions. For example, if we fail to satisfy the gross income tests because non-qualifying income that we intentionally accrue or receive exceeds the limits on non-qualifying income, the Internal Revenue Service could conclude that our failure to satisfy the tests was not due to reasonable cause. If these relief provisions do not apply to a particular set of circumstances, we will not qualify as a REIT. As discussed above in “— Taxation of Our Company — General,” even if these relief provisions apply, and we retain our status as a REIT, a tax would be imposed with respect to our non-qualifying income.
Prohibited Transaction Income. Any gain that we realize on the sale of any property held as inventory or otherwise held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business, including our share of any such gain realized by our operating partnership, either directly or through its subsidiary partnerships and limited liability companies, will be treated as income from a prohibited transaction that is subject to a 100% penalty tax. This prohibited transaction income may also adversely affect our ability to satisfy the income tests for qualification as a REIT. Under existing law, whether property is held as inventory or primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business is a question of fact that depends on all the facts and circumstances surrounding the particular transaction. Our operating partnership intends to hold its properties for investment with a view to long-term appreciation, to engage in the business of acquiring, developing and owning its properties and to make occasional sales of the properties as are consistent with our operating partnership’s investment objectives. Our operating partnership does not intend to enter into any sales that are prohibited transactions. However, the Internal Revenue Service may successfully contend that some or all of the sales made by our operating partnership or its subsidiary partnerships or limited liability companies are prohibited transactions. We would be required to pay the 100% penalty tax on our allocable share of the gains resulting from any such sales.
Penalty Tax. Any redetermined rents, redetermined deductions or excess interest we generate will be subject to a 100% penalty tax. In general, redetermined rents are rents from real property that are overstated as a result of services furnished by one of our taxable REIT subsidiaries to any of our tenants, and redetermined deductions and excess interest represent amounts that are deducted by a taxable REIT subsidiary for amounts paid to us that are in excess of the amounts that would have been deducted based on arm’s-length negotiations. Rents we receive will not constitute redetermined rents if they qualify for the safe harbor provisions contained in the Code. Safe harbor provisions are provided where:
| | |
| • | amounts are received by a REIT for services customarily furnished or rendered by its taxable REIT subsidiary in connection with the rental of real property; |
|
| • | amounts are excluded from the definition of impermissible tenant service income as a result of satisfying the 1%de minimisexception; |
|
| • | the taxable REIT subsidiary renders a significant amount of similar services to unrelated parties and the charges for such services are substantially comparable; |
|
| • | rents paid to the REIT by tenants who are not receiving services from the taxable REIT subsidiary are substantially comparable to the rents paid by the REIT’s tenants leasing comparable space who are receiving such services from the taxable REIT subsidiary and the charge for the services is separately stated; and |
|
| • | the taxable REIT subsidiary’s gross income from the service is not less than 150% of the subsidiary’s direct cost of furnishing or rendering the service. |
While we believe that the fees paid to our services company for tenant services are set at arm’s-length rates, our services company may under certain circumstances provide tenant services which do not satisfy any of the safe-harbor provisions described above. We also believe that the rent paid by our services company to our operating partnership pursuant to the Plaza Las Fuentes Westin lease reflects an arm’s-length charge. Nevertheless, these determinations are inherently factual, and the Internal Revenue Service
40
has broad discretion to assert that amounts paid between related parties should be reallocated to clearly reflect their respective incomes. If the Internal Revenue Service successfully made such an assertion, we would be required to pay a 100% penalty tax on the excess of an arm’s-length fee for tenant services over the amount actually paid, and on the portion of the hotel rent determined to be a redetermined deduction, i.e., the excess of the rent paid over the arm’s-length rental amount.
Asset Tests. At the close of each quarter of our taxable year, we must also satisfy four tests relating to the nature and diversification of our assets. First, at least 75% of the value of our total assets must be represented by real estate assets, cash, cash items and government securities.
For purposes of this test, real estate assets include stock or debt instruments that are purchased with the proceeds of a stock offering or a public offering of debt with a term of at least five years, but only for the one-year period beginning on the date we receive such proceeds. Second, not more than 25% of our total assets may be represented by securities, other than those securities includable in the 75% asset test. Third, of the investments included in the 25% asset class, and except for certain investments in other REITs, qualified REIT subsidiaries and taxable REIT subsidiaries, the value of any one issuer’s securities may not exceed 5% of the value of our total assets, and we may not own more than 10% of the total vote or value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer except, in the case of the 10% value test, certain “straight debt” securities. Fourth, not more than 20% of the value of our total assets may be represented by the securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries.
Our operating partnership owns 100% of the stock of our services company. We are considered to own our pro rata share of our service company’s stock because we own interests in our operating partnership. Our services company and our parking services company have elected, together with us, to be treated as our taxable REIT subsidiaries. So long as these companies qualify as taxable REIT subsidiaries, we will not be subject to the 5% asset test, 10% voting securities limitation or 10% value limitation with respect to our ownership of their securities. We may acquire securities in other taxable REIT subsidiaries in the future. We believe that the aggregate value of our taxable REIT subsidiaries does not exceed, and believe that in the future it will not exceed, 20% of the aggregate value of our gross assets. With respect to each issuer in which we own an interest that does not qualify as a REIT, a qualified REIT subsidiary or a taxable REIT subsidiary, we believe that our ownership of the securities of any such issuer has complied with the 10% voting securities limitation, the 10% value limitation and the 5% value limitation. No independent appraisals have been obtained to support these conclusions. In addition, there can be no assurance that the Internal Revenue Service will not disagree with our determinations of value.
The asset tests must be satisfied not only on the last day of the calendar quarter in which we, directly or through our operating partnership, acquire securities in the applicable issuer, but also on the last day of the calendar quarter in which we increase our ownership of securities of such issuer, including as a result of increasing our interest in our operating partnership. For example, our indirect ownership of securities of each issuer will increase as a result of our capital contributions to our operating partnership or as limited partners exercise their redemption/exchange rights. After initially meeting the asset tests at the close of any quarter, we will not lose our status as a REIT for failure to satisfy the asset tests at the end of a later quarter solely by reason of changes in asset values. If we fail to satisfy an asset test because we acquire securities or other property during a quarter, including an increase in our interest in our operating partnership, we can cure this failure by disposing of sufficient non-qualifying assets within 30 days after the close of that quarter. Although we plan to take steps to ensure that we satisfy such tests for any quarter with respect to which testing is to occur, there can be no assurance that such steps will always be successful, or will not require a reduction in our operating partnership’s overall interest in an issuer. If we fail to timely cure any noncompliance with the asset tests, we would cease to qualify as a REIT.
41
Annual Distribution Requirements. To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we are required to distribute dividends, other than capital gain dividends, to our stockholders in an amount at least equal to the sum of:
| | |
| • | 90% of our “REIT taxable income”; and |
|
| • | 90% of our after tax net income, if any, from foreclosure property; minus |
|
| • | the excess of the sum of certain items of non-cash income over 5% of our “REIT taxable income” as described below. |
Our “REIT taxable income” is computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and our net capital gain. In addition, for purposes of this test, non-cash income means income attributable to leveled stepped rents, original issue discount on purchase money debt, cancellation of indebtedness or a like-kind exchange that is later determined to be taxable.
In addition, if we dispose of any asset we acquired from a corporation which is or has been a C corporation in a transaction in which its basis in the asset is determined by reference to the basis of the asset in the hands of that C corporation, within the ten-year period following our acquisition of such asset, we would be required to distribute at least 90% of the after-tax gain, if any, we recognized on the disposition, to the extent that gain does not exceed the excess of (a) the fair market value of the asset on the date we acquired the asset over (b) our adjusted basis in the asset on the date we acquired the asset.
We must pay these distributions in the taxable year to which they relate, or in the following taxable year if they are declared during the last three months of the taxable year, payable to stockholders of record on a specified date during such period and paid during January of the following year. Such distributions are treated as paid by us and received by our stockholders on December 31 of the year in which they are declared. In addition, at our election, a distribution for a taxable year may be declared before we timely file our tax return for such year and paid on or before the first regular dividend payment after such declaration, provided such payment is made during the twelve-month period following the close of such year. These distributions are taxable to our stockholders, other than tax-exempt entities, in the year in which paid. This is so even though these distributions relate to the prior year for purposes of our 90% distribution requirement.
The amount distributed must not be preferential — i.e., every stockholder of the class of stock with respect to which a distribution is made must be treated the same as every other stockholder of that class, and no class of stock may be treated otherwise than in accordance with its dividend rights as a class. To the extent that we do not distribute all of our net capital gain or distribute at least 90%, but less than 100%, of our “REIT taxable income,” as adjusted, we will be required to pay tax on that amount at regular ordinary and capital gain corporate tax rates, as applicable. We intend to make timely distributions sufficient to satisfy these annual distribution requirements and to minimize our corporate tax obligations. In this regard, the partnership agreement of our operating partnership authorizes us, as general partner of our operating partnership, to take such steps as may be necessary to cause our operating partnership to distribute to its partners an amount sufficient to permit us to meet these distribution requirements.
We expect that our REIT taxable income will be less than our cash flow because of depreciation and other non-cash charges included in computing REIT taxable income. Accordingly, we anticipate that we will generally have sufficient cash or liquid assets to enable us to satisfy the distribution requirements described above. However, from time to time, we may not have sufficient cash or other liquid assets to meet these distribution requirements due to timing differences between the actual receipt of income and actual payment of deductible expenses, and the inclusion of income and deduction of expenses in arriving at our taxable income. If these timing differences occur, we may need to arrange for short-term, or possibly long-term, borrowings or need to pay dividends in the form of taxable stock dividends in order to meet the distribution requirements.
42
Under some circumstances, we may be able to rectify an inadvertent failure to meet the distribution requirement for a year by paying “deficiency dividends” to our stockholders in a later year, which may be included in our deduction for dividends paid for the earlier year. Thus, we may be able to avoid being taxed on amounts distributed as deficiency dividends. However, we will be required to pay interest to the Internal Revenue Service based upon the amount of any deduction claimed for deficiency dividends.
Furthermore, we will be required to pay a 4% excise tax to the extent we fail to distribute during each calendar year, or in the case of distributions with declaration and record dates falling in the last three months of the calendar year, by the end of January immediately following such year, at least the sum of 85% of our REIT ordinary income for such year, 95% of our REIT capital gain income for the year and any undistributed taxable income from prior periods. Any REIT taxable income and net capital gain on which this excise tax is imposed for any year is treated as an amount distributed during that year for purposes of calculating such tax.
Like-Kind Exchanges. We may dispose of properties in transactions intended to qualify as like-kind exchanges under the Code. Such like-kind exchanges are intended to result in the deferral of gain for federal income tax purposes. The failure of any such transaction to qualify as a like-kind exchange could subject us to federal income tax, possibly including the 100% prohibited transaction tax, depending on the facts and circumstances surrounding the particular transaction.
Failure To Qualify
If we fail to qualify for taxation as a REIT in any taxable year, and the relief provisions do not apply, we will be required to pay tax, including any applicable alternative minimum tax, on our taxable income at regular corporate tax rates. Distributions to stockholders in any year in which we fail to qualify as a REIT will not be deductible by us, and we will not be required to distribute any amounts to our stockholders. As a result, our failure to qualify as a REIT would reduce the cash available for distribution by us to our stockholders. In addition, if we fail to qualify as a REIT, all distributions to stockholders will be taxable as regular corporate dividends to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, and subject to certain limitations of the Code, corporate distributees may be eligible for the dividends received deduction. Unless entitled to relief under specific statutory provisions, we will also be disqualified from taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which we lost our qualification. It is not possible to state whether in all circumstances we would be entitled to this statutory relief.
Tax Aspects of Our Operating Partnership, the Subsidiary Partnerships and the Limited Liability Companies
General. All of our investments are held indirectly through our operating partnership. In addition, our operating partnership holds certain of its investments indirectly through subsidiary partnerships and limited liability companies which we expect will be treated as partnerships (or disregarded entities) for federal income tax purposes. In general, entities that are classified as partnerships (or disregarded entities) for federal income tax purposes are “pass-through” entities which are not required to pay federal income tax. Rather, partners or members of such entities are allocated their pro rata shares of the items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit of the entity, and are potentially required to pay tax thereon, without regard to whether the partners or members receive a distribution of cash from the entity. We include in our income our pro rata share of the foregoing items for purposes of the various REIT income tests and in the computation of our REIT taxable income. Moreover, for purposes of the REIT asset tests, we include our pro rata share of assets held by our operating partnership, including its share of the assets held by its subsidiary partnerships and limited liability companies. See “— Taxation of Our Company.”
Entity Classification. Our interests in our operating partnership and the subsidiary partnerships and limited liability companies involve special tax considerations, including the possibility that the Internal Revenue Service might challenge the status of these entities as a partnership (or disregarded entity), as opposed to an association taxable as a corporation for federal income tax purposes. If our operating
43
partnership, or a subsidiary partnership or limited liability company, were treated as an association, it would be taxable as a corporation and would be required to pay an entity-level tax on its income. In this situation, the character of our assets and items of gross income would change and preclude us from satisfying the asset tests and possibly the income tests. See “— Taxation of Our Company — Asset Tests” and “— Income Tests.” This, in turn, would prevent us from qualifying as a REIT. See “— Failure to Qualify” for a discussion of the effect of our failure to meet these tests for a taxable year. In addition, a change in our operating partnership’s or a subsidiary partnership’s or limited liability company’s status for tax purposes might be treated as a taxable event. If so, we might incur a tax liability without any related cash distributions.
Treasury regulations that apply for tax periods beginning on or after January 1, 1997 provide that a domestic business entity not otherwise organized as a corporation and which has at least two members, an “eligible entity,” may elect to be taxed as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. Unless it elects otherwise, an eligible entity in existence prior to January 1, 1997 will have the same classification for federal income tax purposes that it claimed under the entity classification Treasury regulations in effect prior to this date. In addition, an eligible entity which did not exist, or did not claim a classification, prior to January 1, 1997, will be classified as a partnership for federal income tax purposes unless it elects otherwise. Our operating partnership and each of our other partnerships and limited liability companies intend to claim classification as a partnership under the final regulations. As a result, we believe these entities will be classified as partnerships for federal income tax purposes.
Allocations of Income, Gain, Loss and Deduction. The partnership agreement generally provides that items of operating income and loss will be allocated to the holders of units in proportion to the number of units held by each such unit holder. Certain limited partners have agreed to guarantee debt of our operating partnership, either directly or indirectly through an agreement to make capital contributions to our operating partnership under limited circumstances. As a result of these guarantees or contribution agreements, and notwithstanding the foregoing discussion of allocations of income and loss of our operating partnership to holders of units, such limited partners could under limited circumstances be allocated a disproportionate amount of net loss upon a liquidation of our operating partnership, which net loss would have otherwise been allocable to us.
If an allocation of partnership income or loss does not comply with the requirements of Section 704(b) of the Code and the Treasury regulations thereunder, the item subject to the allocation will be reallocated in accordance with the partners’ interests in the partnership. This reallocation will be determined by taking into account all of the facts and circumstances relating to the economic arrangement of the partners with respect to such item. Our operating partnership’s allocations of taxable income and loss are intended to comply with the requirements of Section 704(b) of the Code and the Treasury regulations promulgated under this section of the Code.
Tax Allocations with Respect to the Properties. Under Section 704(c) of the Code, income, gain, loss and deduction attributable to appreciated or depreciated property that is contributed to a partnership in exchange for an interest in the partnership, must be allocated in a manner so that the contributing partner is charged with the unrealized gain or benefits from the unrealized loss associated with the property at the time of the contribution. The amount of the unrealized gain or unrealized loss is generally equal to the difference between the fair market value or book value and the adjusted tax basis of the property at the time of contribution. These allocations are solely for federal income tax purposes and do not affect the book capital accounts or other economic or legal arrangements among the partners. Appreciated property was contributed to our operating partnership in exchange for interests in our operating partnership in connection with the formation transactions. The partnership agreement requires that these allocations be made in a manner consistent with Section 704(c) of the Code. Treasury regulations issued under Section 704(c) of the Code provide partnerships with a choice of several methods of accounting for book-tax differences. We and our operating partnership have agreed to use the “traditional method” for accounting for book-tax differences for the properties initially contributed to our operating partnership. Under the traditional method, which is the least favorable method from our perspective, the carryover basis of contributed interests in the properties in the hands of our operating
44
partnership (i) will cause us to be allocated lower amounts of depreciation deductions for tax purposes than would be allocated to us if all contributed properties were to have a tax basis equal to their fair market value at the time of the contribution and (ii) could cause us to be allocated taxable gain in the event of a sale of such contributed interests or properties in excess of the economic or book income allocated to us as a result of such sale, with a corresponding benefit to the other partners in our operating partnership. An allocation described in (ii) above might cause us or the other partners to recognize taxable income in excess of cash proceeds in the event of a sale or other disposition of property, which might adversely affect our ability to comply with the REIT distribution requirements. See “— Taxation of Our Company — Requirements for Qualification as a Real Estate Investment Trust” and “— Annual Distribution Requirements.” In addition, if the tax litigation described below is resolved in an unfavorable manner, our depreciation deductions would be reduced further. To the extent our depreciation is reduced, or our gain on sale is increased, stockholders may recognize additional dividend income without an increase in distributions. To the extent we acquire an option property in exchange for units, we have also agreed to use the “traditional method” to account for book-tax differences with respect to such property. We and our operating partnership have not yet decided what method will be used to account for book-tax differences for other properties acquired by our operating partnership in the future.
Any property acquired by our operating partnership in a taxable transaction will initially have a tax basis equal to its fair market value, and Section 704(c) of the Code will not apply.
Tax Litigation. Certain entities which were contributed to or acquired by our operating partnership in the formation transactions are involved in tax litigation. If these matters are resolved in favor of the Internal Revenue Service, the depreciation deductions available to our operating partnership will be reduced. While this would increase our taxable income and earnings and profits without a corresponding increase in our cash flow, we do not expect that this would have a material effect on our ability to satisfy the REIT distribution requirements.
Taxation of Taxable U.S. Stockholders Generally
When we use the term “U.S. stockholder,” we mean a holder of shares of our common stock who, for federal income tax purposes:
| | |
| • | is a citizen or resident of the United States; |
|
| • | is a corporation, partnership, limited liability company or other entity treated as a corporation or partnership for federal income tax purposes created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or of any State thereof or in the District of Columbia unless, in the case of a partnership or limited liability company, Treasury regulations provide otherwise; |
|
| • | is an estate the income of which is subject to federal income taxation regardless of its source; or |
|
| • | is a trust whose administration is subject to the primary supervision of a United States court and which has one or more United States persons who have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, to the extent provided in the Treasury regulations, certain trusts in existence on August 20, 1996, and treated as United States persons prior to this date that elect to continue to be treated as United States persons, shall also be considered U.S. stockholders. |
If you hold shares of our common stock and are not a U.S. stockholder, you are a “non-U.S. stockholder.” See “— Taxation of Non-U.S. Shareholders” below.
Distributions Generally. As long as we qualify as a REIT, distributions out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, other than capital gain dividends discussed below, will constitute dividends taxable to our taxable U.S. stockholders as, in general, ordinary income and will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction in the case of U.S. stockholders that are corporations. As a REIT, dividends paid by us of our ordinary income will generally not qualify as “qualified dividend income” eligible to be taxed in the case of individuals at capital gain rates. See “— Tax Rates” below.
45
To the extent that we make distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, these distributions will be treated first as a tax-free return of capital to each U.S. stockholder. This treatment will reduce the adjusted tax basis which each U.S. stockholder has in its shares of stock for tax purposes by the amount of the distribution, but not below zero. Distributions in excess of a U.S. stockholder’s adjusted tax basis in its shares will be taxable as capital gains, and will be taxable as long-term capital gain if the shares have been held for more than one year. Dividends we declare in October, November, or December of any year and payable to a stockholder of record on a specified date in any of these months shall be treated as both paid by us and received by the stockholder on December 31 of that year, provided we actually pay the dividend on or before January 31 of the following calendar year. U.S. stockholders may not include in their own income tax returns any of our net operating losses or capital losses.
Capital Gain Dividends. Distributions that we properly designate as capital gain dividends will be taxable to taxable U.S. stockholders as gains from the sale or disposition of a capital asset, to the extent that such gains do not exceed our actual net capital gain for the taxable year. Depending on the characteristics of the assets that produced these gains, and on certain designations, if any, which we may make, these gains may be taxable to non-corporate U.S. stockholders at a 15% or 25% rate.
U.S. stockholders that are corporations may, however, be required to treat up to 20% of certain capital gain dividends as ordinary income.
Passive Activity Losses and Investment Interest Limitations. Distributions we make and gain arising from the sale or exchange by a U.S. stockholder of our shares will not be treated as passive activity income. As a result, U.S. stockholders generally will not be able to apply any “passive losses” against this income or gain. A U.S. stockholder may elect to treat capital gain dividends, capital gains from the disposition of stock and qualified dividend income as investment income for purposes of computing the investment interest limitation, but in such case, the stockholder will be taxed at ordinary income rates on such amount. Other distributions made by the our company, to the extent they do not constitute a return of capital, generally will be treated as investment income for purposes of computing the investment interest limitation.
Retention of Net Capital Gains. We may elect to retain, rather than distribute as a capital gain dividend, all or a portion of our net capital gains. If we make this election, we would pay tax on our retained net capital gains. In addition, to the extent we so elect, a U.S. stockholder generally would:
| | |
| • | include its pro rata share of our undistributed net capital gains in computing its long-term capital gains in its return for its taxable year in which the last day of our taxable year falls, subject to certain limitations as to the amount that is includable; |
|
| • | be deemed to have paid the capital gains tax imposed on us on the designated amounts included in the U.S. stockholder’s long-term capital gains; |
|
| • | receive a credit or refund for the amount of tax deemed paid by it; |
|
| • | increase the adjusted basis of its common stock by the difference between the amount of includable gains and the tax deemed to have been paid by it; and |
|
| • | in the case of a U.S. stockholder that is a corporation, appropriately adjust its earnings and profits for the retained capital gains in accordance with Treasury regulations to be promulgated by the Internal Revenue Service. |
Dispositions of Our Common Stock. If a U.S. stockholder sells or disposes of its shares of our common stock, it will recognize gain or loss for federal income tax purposes in an amount equal to the difference between the amount of cash and the fair market value of any property received on the sale or other disposition and its adjusted basis in the shares for tax purposes. This gain or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss if it has held the common stock for more than one year. In general, if a U.S. stockholder recognizes loss upon the sale or other disposition of our common stock that it has held for six months or less, after applying certain holding period rules, the loss recognized will be treated as a
46
long-term capital loss, to the extent the stockholder received distributions from us which were required to be treated as long-term capital gains.
Tax Rates
The maximum tax rate for non-corporate taxpayers for (1) capital gains, including “capital gain dividends,” has generally been reduced from 20% to 15% (for taxable years ending on or after May 6, 2003, although depending on the characteristics of the assets which produced these gains and on designations which we may make, certain capital gain dividends may be taxed at a 25% rate) and (2) “qualified dividend income” has generally been reduced from 38.6% to 15% (for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2002). In general, dividends payable by REITs are not eligible for the reduced tax rate on corporate dividends, except to the extent that certain holding requirements have been met and the REIT’s dividends are attributable to dividends received from taxable corporations (such as its taxable REIT subsidiaries), to income that was subject to tax at the corporate/ REIT level (for example, if it distributed taxable income that it retained and paid tax on in the prior taxable year) or to dividends properly designated by the REIT as “capital gain dividends.” Although these tax rate changes do not adversely affect the taxation of REITs or dividends paid by REITs, the more favorable treatment of regular corporate dividends could cause investors who are individuals to consider stock of other corporations that pay dividends to be more attractive relative to the stock of REITs. The presently applicable provisions of the federal income tax laws relating to the 15% tax rate are currently scheduled to “sunset” or revert back to the provisions of prior law effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2008, at which time the capital gains tax rate will be increased to 20% and the rate applicable to dividends will be increased to the tax rate then applicable to ordinary income.
Backup Withholding
We report to our U.S. stockholders and the Internal Revenue Service the amount of dividends paid during each calendar year, and the amount of any tax withheld. Under the backup withholding rules, a stockholder may be subject to backup withholding with respect to dividends paid unless the holder is a corporation or comes within certain other exempt categories and, when required, demonstrates this fact, or provides a taxpayer identification number, certifies as to no loss of exemption from backup withholding, and otherwise complies with applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules. A U.S. stockholder that does not provide us with its correct taxpayer identification number may also be subject to penalties imposed by the Internal Revenue Service. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amount paid as backup withholding will be creditable against the stockholder’s federal income tax liability. In addition, we may be required to withhold a portion of capital gain distributions to any stockholders who fail to certify their non-foreign status. See “— Taxation of Non-U.S. Stockholders.”
Taxation of Tax Exempt Stockholders
Dividend income from us and gain arising upon a sale of shares generally will not be unrelated business taxable income to a tax-exempt stockholder, except as described below. This income or gain will be unrelated business taxable income, however, if a tax-exempt stockholder holds its shares as “debt-financed property” within the meaning of the Code or if the shares are used in a trade or business of the tax-exempt stockholder. Generally, debt-financed property is property the acquisition or holding of which was financed through a borrowing by the tax-exempt stockholder.
For tax-exempt stockholders which are social clubs, voluntary employee benefit associations, supplemental unemployment benefit trusts, or qualified group legal services plans exempt from federal income taxation under Sections 501(c)(7), (c)(9), (c)(17) or (c)(20) of the Code, respectively, income from an investment in our shares will constitute unrelated business taxable income unless the organization is able to properly claim a deduction for amounts set aside or placed in reserve for specific purposes so as to offset the income generated by its investment in our shares. These prospective investors should consult their tax advisors concerning these “set aside” and reserve requirements.
47
Notwithstanding the above, however, a portion of the dividends paid by a “pension-held REIT” may be treated as unrelated business taxable income as to some trusts that hold more than 10%, by value, of the interests in the REIT. A REIT will not be a “pension-held REIT” if it is able to satisfy the “not closely held” requirement without relying on the “look-through” exception with respect to certain trusts. As a result of limitations on the transfer and ownership of stock contained in our charter, we do not expect to be classified as a “pension-held REIT,” and as a result, the tax treatment described in this paragraph should be inapplicable to our stockholders. However, because our stock will be publicly traded, we cannot guarantee that this will always be the case.
Taxation of Non-U.S. Stockholders
The preceding discussion does not address the rules governing federal income taxation of the ownership and disposition of our common stock by persons that are non-U.S. stockholders. When we use the term “non-U.S. stockholder” we mean stockholders who are not U.S. stockholders as described above under “— Taxation of Taxable U.S. Stockholders Generally.” In general, non-U.S. stockholders may be subject to special tax withholding requirements on distributions from us and with respect to their sale or other disposition of our common stock, except to the extent reduced or eliminated by an income tax treaty between the U.S. and the non-U.S. stockholder’s country. A non-U.S. stockholder who is a stockholder of record and is eligible for reduction or elimination of withholding must file an appropriate form with us in order to claim such treatment. Non-U.S. stockholders should consult their tax advisors concerning the federal income tax consequences to them of an acquisition of shares of our common stock, including the federal income tax treatment of dispositions of interests in and the receipt of distributions from us.
Other Tax Consequences
We may be required to pay tax in various state or local jurisdictions, including those in which we transact business, and our stockholders may be required to pay tax in various state or local jurisdictions, including those in which they reside. Our state and local tax treatment may not conform to the federal income tax consequences discussed above. In addition, a stockholder’s state and local tax treatment may not conform to the federal income tax consequences discussed above. Consequently, prospective investors should consult their tax advisors regarding the effect of state and local tax laws on an investment in our shares.
Proposed Legislation
Recently, bills were passed by the United States House of Representatives, or the House, and the United States Senate, or the Senate, that would amend certain rules relating to REITs. As of the date hereof, this proposed legislation has not been enacted into law. The proposed legislation would, among other things, include the following changes:
| | |
| • | As discussed above under “Taxation of Our Company — Asset Tests,” we may not own more than 10% by vote or value of any one issuer’s securities. If we fail to meet this test at the end of any quarter and such failure is not cured within 30 days thereafter, we would fail to qualify as a REIT. Under the proposed legislation in the House bill, after the 30-day cure period, a REIT could dispose of sufficient assets to cure such a violation that does not exceed the lesser of 1% of the REIT’s assets at the end of the relevant quarter or $10,000,000. For violations due to reasonable cause that are larger than this amount, the proposed legislation would permit the REIT to avoid disqualification as a REIT, after the 30 day cure period, by taking steps including the disposition of sufficient assets to meet the asset test and paying a tax equal to the greater of $50,000 or the highest corporate tax rate multiplied by the net income generated by the non-qualifying assets. |
|
| • | The proposed legislation in the House bill would expand the straight debt safe harbor under which certain types of securities are disregarded as securities when calculating the 10% value limitation discussed above. |
48
| | |
| • | The proposed legislation in the House bill also would change the formula for calculating the tax imposed for certain violations of the 75% and 95% gross income tests described above under “Taxation of Our Company — Income Tests” and would make certain changes to the requirements for availability of the applicable relief provisions for failure to meet such tests. |
|
| • | The proposed legislation in the House bill would clarify a rule regarding our ability to enter into leases with our taxable REIT subsidiaries, including our services company. |
|
| • | As discussed above under “Taxation of Our Company — Penalty Tax,” amounts received by a REIT for services customarily furnished or rendered by its taxable REIT subsidiary in connection with the rental of real property are excluded from treatment as “redetermined rents” and therefore avoid the 100% penalty tax. The proposed legislation in the House bill would eliminate this exclusion. |
|
| • | The proposed legislation in the Senate bill would treat publicly-traded REIT capital gain dividends to certain non-U.S. stockholders the same as ordinary dividends resulting in certain changes to withholdings applicable to such capital gain dividends. |
The foregoing is a non-exhaustive list of changes that would be made by the proposed legislation. The provisions contained in this proposed legislation relating to the expansion of the straight debt safe harbor and our ability to enter into leases with our taxable REIT subsidiaries would apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2000, and the remaining provisions described above generally would apply to taxable years beginning after the date the proposed legislation is enacted.
As of the date hereof, it is not possible to predict with any certainty whether the proposed legislation discussed above will be enacted in its current forms or at all.
49
SELLING STOCKHOLDERS
The “selling stockholders” are the people or entities who may receive shares of our common stock registered pursuant to this registration statement upon exchange of common units. The following table provides the names of the selling stockholders, the maximum number of shares of our common stock issuable to such selling stockholders in the exchange and the aggregate number of shares of our common stock that will be owned by such selling stockholders after the exchange. The number of shares on the following table represents the number of shares of our common stock into which common units held by the selling stockholders are exchangeable. Since the selling stockholders may sell all, some or none of their shares, we cannot estimate the aggregate number of shares that the selling stockholders will offer pursuant to this prospectus or that the selling stockholders will own upon completion of the offering to which this prospectus relates.
The selling stockholders named below may from time to time offer the shares of our common stock offered by this prospectus:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Maximum | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Number of | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Shares of | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Our | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Shares of | | Common | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Our | | Stock | | | | | | | | |
| | Common | | Issuable in | | | | Maximum | | Shares of Our |
| | Stock | | the | | Shares of Our Common | | Number of | | Common Stock |
| | Owned | | Exchange | | Stock Owned Following | | Shares of Our | | Owned after |
| | Prior to | | and | | the Exchange(1) | | Common | | Resale(2) |
| | the | | Available | |
| | Stock to be | |
|
Name | | Exchange | | for Resale | | Shares | | Percent | | Resold | | Shares | | Percent |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|
Robert F. Maguire III(3) | | | — | | | | 4,580,792 | | | | 4,580,792 | | | | 8.5 | % | | | 4,580,792 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Maguire Partners, Inc.(4)(9) | | | — | | | | 156,348 | | | | 156,348 | | | | * | | | | 156,348 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Maguire Partners SCS, Inc.(4) | | | — | | | | 406 | | | | 406 | | | | * | | | | 406 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Maguire Partners — BGHS, LLC(4) | | | — | | | | 99,131 | | | | 99,131 | | | | * | | | | 99,131 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Maguire Partners Pasadena Gen — Par, Inc.(4) | | | — | | | | 4,547 | | | | 4,547 | | | | * | | | | 4,547 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Bunker Hill Equity, LLC(4) | | | — | | | | 324,912 | | | | 324,912 | | | | * | | | | 324,912 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Maguire Partners — WFC Holdings, LLC(4) | | | — | | | | 2,393,729 | | | | 2,393,729 | | | | 4.5 | % | | | 2,393,729 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Maguire Partners Investments, LLC(4) | | | — | | | | 2,601,163 | | | | 2,601,163 | | | | 4.8 | % | | | 2,601,163 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Maguire Partners — Master Investments, LLC(5) | | | — | | | | 52,632 | | | | 52,632 | | | | * | | | | 52,632 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Thomas Master Investments, LLC | | | — | | | | 60,526 | | | | 60,526 | | | | * | | | | 60,526 | | | | — | | | | — | |
The Daniel and Linda Gifford Family Trust(6) | | | — | | | | 263,158 | | | | 263,158 | | | | * | | | | 263,158 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Timothy H. Walker(7) | | | — | | | | 210,526 | | | | 210,526 | | | | * | | | | 210,526 | | | | — | | | | — | |
William Thomas Allen(8) | | | — | | | | 215,164 | | | | 215,164 | | | | * | | | | 215,164 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Performing Arts Center of Los Angeles County(9) | | | — | | | | 36,364 | | | | 36,364 | | | | * | | | | 36,364 | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | |
| | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | | | | | 10,999,398 | | | | 10,999,398 | | | | | | | | 10,999,398 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
50
| |
(1) | Assumes that we exchange the common units of the selling stockholders for shares of our common stock. The percentage ownership is determined for each selling stockholder by taking into account the issuance and sale of shares of our common stock issued in exchange for common units of only such selling stockholder. Also assumes that no transactions with respect to our common stock or common units occur other than the exchange. |
|
(2) | Assumes the selling stockholders sell all of their shares of our common stock offered pursuant to this prospectus. The percentage ownership is determined for each selling stockholder by taking into account the issuance and sale of shares of our common stock issued in exchange for common units of only such selling stockholder. |
|
(3) | Mr. Maguire serves as our Chairman and Co-Chief Executive Officer. Prior to joining our company, Mr. Maguire served as the managing partner of Maguire Partners Development, Ltd., one of the predecessor entities of our company. |
|
(4) | This entity is 100% owned by Mr. Maguire. |
|
(5) | This entity is 55% owned by Mr. Maguire and 10% owned by Richard I. Gilchrist, our President and Co-Chief Executive Officer. |
|
(6) | Held in trust by Daniel F. Gifford. Mr. Gifford serves as our Senior Vice President of Asset Management. Prior to joining our company, Mr. Gifford served as a partner of Maguire Partners Development, Ltd., one of the predecessor entities of our company. |
|
(7) | Timothy H. Walker serves as our Senior Vice President of Marketing. Prior to joining our company, Mr. Walker served as a partner of Maguire Partners Development, Ltd., one of the predecessor entities of our company. |
|
(8) | William Thomas Allen served as a partner of Maguire Partners Development, Ltd., one of the predecessor entities of our company. |
|
(9) | On June 28, 2004, Maguire Partners, Inc. donated 36,364 common units, with a value of $900,009 (based on a common stock price of $24.75 per share on the NYSE on June 25, 2004), to the Performing Arts Center of Los Angeles County. |
51
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
This prospectus relates to:
| | |
| • | the issuance by us of up to 10,999,398 shares of our common stock if, and to the extent that, the selling stockholders tender their common units for redemption and we elect, in our sole and absolute discretion, to exchange such common units for common stock in lieu of a cash redemption; and |
|
| • | the offer and sale from time to time of some or all of those 10,999,398 shares of common stock by the selling stockholders. |
We are registering the shares of our common stock to provide the holders with freely tradable securities, but the registration of these shares does not necessarily mean that any of these shares will be offered or sold by the holders.
We will not receive any proceeds from the issuance of the shares of our common stock to the selling stockholders or from the sale of such shares by the selling stockholders, but we have agreed to pay the following expenses of the registration of such shares:
| | |
| • | all registration and filing fees; |
|
| • | fees and expenses for complying with securities or blue sky laws, including reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel in connection with blue sky qualifications; and |
|
| • | the fees and expenses incurred in connection with listing our common stock on each securities exchange on which our similar securities issued are then listed. |
We have no obligation to pay any underwriting fees, discounts or commissions attributable to the exchange of common units for our common stock by the selling stockholders or from the resale of such common stock by the selling stockholders. We also have no obligation to pay any out-of-pocket expenses of the selling stockholders, or the agents who manage their accounts, or any transfer taxes relating to the registration or sale of our common stock contemplated hereby.
The selling stockholders may from time to time sell the shares of our common stock covered by this prospectus directly to purchasers. Alternatively, the selling stockholders may from time to time offer such shares through dealers or agents, who may receive compensation in the form of commissions from the selling stockholders and for the purchasers of such shares for whom they may act as agent. The selling stockholders and any dealers or agents that participate in the distribution of such shares may be deemed to be “underwriters” within the meaning of the Securities Act and any profit on the sale of our common stock by them and any commissions received by any of these dealers or agents might be deemed to be underwriting commissions under the Securities Act.
In connection with distribution of the shares of our common stock covered by this prospectus:
| | |
| • | the selling stockholders may enter into hedging transactions with broker-dealers; |
|
| • | the broker-dealers may engage in short sales of our common stock in the course of hedging the positions they assume with the selling stockholders; |
|
| • | the selling stockholders may sell our common stock short and deliver our common stock to close out these short positions; |
|
| • | the selling stockholders may enter into option or other transactions with broker-dealers that involve the delivery of our common stock to the broker-dealers, who may then resell or otherwise transfer our common stock; and |
|
| • | the selling stockholders may loan or pledge our common stock to a broker-dealer and the broker-dealer may sell our common stock so loaned or upon a default may sell or otherwise transfer the pledged stock. |
Persons participating in the distribution of the shares of our common stock offered by this prospectus may engage in transactions that stabilize the price of our common stock. The anti-manipulation rules of Regulation M under the Exchange Act may apply to sales of our common stock in the market and to the activities of the selling stockholders.
52
LEGAL MATTERS
Venable LLP, Baltimore, Maryland, has issued an opinion to us regarding certain matters of Maryland law, including the validity of our common stock covered by this prospectus. Latham & Watkins LLP has issued an opinion to us regarding certain tax matters described under “Material Federal Income Tax Considerations.”
EXPERTS
The consolidated balance sheet of Maguire Properties, Inc. and subsidiaries and the combined balance sheet of Maguire Properties Predecessor as of December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and comprehensive loss of Maguire Properties, Inc. and subsidiaries for the period from June 27, 2003 (commencement of operations) through December 31, 2003, the related combined statements of operations, and owners’ deficit of Maguire Properties Predecessor for the period from January 1, 2003 through June 26, 2003 and the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, the related consolidated and combined statements of cash flows of Maguire Properties, Inc. and subsidiaries and Maguire Properties Predecessor for the year ended December 31, 2003, and the related combined statements of cash flows of Maguire Properties Predecessor for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, the statements of operations, members’ deficit, and cash flows of Maguire Partners — South Tower, LLC for the period from January 1, 2002 through September 13, 2002 and the year ended December 31, 2001, all incorporated in this prospectus by reference from our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003, and the statements of revenue and certain expenses of Park Place for the year ended December 31, 2003 and of One California Plaza for the year ended December 31, 2002, incorporated by reference in our current reports on Form 8-K/A filed on May 13, 2004 and January 9, 2004, respectively, have been so incorporated in reliance upon the reports of KPMG LLP, independent accountants, and upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We file annual, quarterly and special reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. You may read and copy any document we file with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference rooms at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference rooms. The SEC also maintains a web site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov. You can inspect reports and other information we file at the offices of the NYSE, 20 Broad Street, New York, New York 10005. In addition, we maintain a web site that contains information about us at http://www.maguireproperties.com.
We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-3, of which this prospectus is a part, including exhibits, schedules and amendments filed with, or incorporated by reference in, this registration statement, under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, with respect to the shares of our common stock registered hereby. This prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement and exhibits and schedules to the registration statement. For further information with respect to our company and the shares of our common stock registered hereby, reference is made to the registration statement, including the exhibits to the registration statement. Statements contained in this prospectus as to the contents of any contract or other document referred to in, or incorporated by reference in, this prospectus are not necessarily complete and, where that contract is an exhibit to the registration statement, each statement is qualified in all respects by the exhibit to which the reference relates. Copies of the registration statement, including the exhibits and schedules to the registration statement, may be examined at the SEC’s public reference rooms at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference rooms. Copies of all or a portion of the registration statement can be obtained from the public reference room of the SEC upon payment of prescribed fees. This registration statement is also available to you on the SEC’s web site, http://www.sec.gov.
53
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE
The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” the information we file with the SEC, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is an important part of this prospectus. The incorporated documents contain significant information about us, our business and our finances. Any statement contained in a document which is incorporated by reference in this prospectus is automatically updated and superseded if information contained in this prospectus, or information that we later file with the SEC, modifies or replaces this information. We incorporate by reference the following documents we filed with the SEC:
| | |
| • | our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003; |
|
| • | our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended June 30, 2004 and March 31, 2004; |
|
| • | our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 6, 2004; |
|
| • | our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 4, 2004; |
|
| • | our Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed with the SEC on May 13, 2004; |
|
| • | our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 29, 2004; |
|
| • | our Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed with the SEC on January 9, 2004; |
|
| • | our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 20, 2003; and |
|
| • | all documents filed by us with the SEC pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act after the date of this prospectus and prior to the termination of the offering of the underlying securities. |
We will provide without charge to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom a prospectus is delivered, on written or oral request of that person, a copy of any or all of the documents we are incorporating by reference into this prospectus, other than exhibits to those documents unless those exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference into those documents. A written request should be addressed to Mark T. Lammas, Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary, Maguire Properties, Inc., 333 South Grand Avenue, Suite 400, Los Angeles, California 90071.
54