Derivative Instruments | Note 5. Derivative Instruments In the normal course of its operations, the Company is a party to financial instruments that are accounted for as derivative instruments. Derivative instruments are recorded at fair value as either “derivative assets” or “derivative liabilities” in the consolidated balance sheets, with all periodic changes in fair value reflected as a component of “investment gain (loss), net” in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Cash receipts or payments related to derivative instruments are classified as investing activities within the consolidated statements of cash flows. Types and Uses of Derivative Instruments Interest Rate Derivatives The Company is party to interest rate derivative instruments that are intended to economically hedge changes, attributable to changes in benchmark interest rates, in certain MBS fair values and future interest cash flows on the Company’s short-term financing arrangements. Interest rate derivatives include centrally cleared interest rate swaps, exchange-traded instruments, such as Eurodollar futures, interest rate swap futures, U.S. Treasury note futures and options on futures, and nonexchange-traded instruments such as options on agency MBS. While the Company uses its interest rate derivatives to economically hedge a portion of its interest rate risk, it has not designated such contracts as hedging instruments for financial reporting purposes. The Company exchanges cash “variation margin” with the counterparties to its interest rate derivative instruments at least on a daily basis based upon daily changes in fair value as measured by the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (“CME”), the central clearinghouse through which those derivatives are cleared. In addition, the CME requires market participants to deposit and maintain an “initial margin” amount which is determined by the CME and is generally intended to be set at a level sufficient to protect the CME from the maximum estimated single-day price movement in that market participant’s contracts. Receivables recognized for the right to reclaim cash initial margin posted in respect of interest rate derivative instruments are included in the line item “deposits, net” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The daily exchange of variation margin associated with a centrally cleared or exchange traded derivative instrument is legally characterized as the daily settlement of the derivative instrument itself, as opposed to a pledge of collateral. Accordingly, the Company accounts for the daily receipt or payment of variation margin associated with its interest rate swaps and futures as a direct reduction to the carrying value of the derivative asset or liability, respectively. The carrying amount of interest rate swaps and futures reflected in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets is equal to the unsettled fair value of such instruments; because variation margin is exchanged on a one-day lag, the unsettled fair value of such instruments generally represents the change in fair value that occurred on the last day of the reporting period. To-Be-Announced Agency MBS Transactions, Including “Dollar Rolls” In addition to interest rate derivatives that are used for interest rate risk management, the Company is a party to derivative instruments that economically serve as investments, such as forward commitments to purchase fixed-rate “pass-through” agency MBS on a non-specified pool basis, which are known as to-be-announced (“TBA”) securities. A TBA security is a forward commmitment for the purchase or sale of a fixed-rate agency MBS at a predetermined price, face amount, issuer, coupon, and stated maturity for settlement on an agreed upon future date. The specific agency MBS that will be delivered to satisfy the TBA trade is not known at the inception of the trade. The Company accounts for TBA securities as derivative instruments because the Company cannot assert that it is probable at inception and throughout the term of an individual TBA commitment that its settlement will result in physical delivery of the underlying agency MBS, or the individual TBA commitment will not settle in the shortest time period possible. The Company’s agency MBS investment portfolio includes net purchase (or “net long”) positions in TBA securities, which are primarily the result of executing sequential series of “dollar roll” transactions. The Company executes dollar roll transactions as a means of investing in and financing non-specified fixed-rate agency MBS. Such transactions involve effectively delaying (or “rolling”) the settlement of a forward purchase of a TBA agency MBS by entering into an offsetting sale with the same counterparty prior to the settlement date, net settling the “paired-off” positions in cash, and contemporaneously entering, with the same counterparty, another forward purchase of a TBA agency MBS of the same characteristics for a later settlement date. TBA securities purchased for a forward settlement month are generally priced at a discount relative to TBA securities sold for settlement in the current month. This discount, often referred to as the dollar roll “price drop,” reflects compensation for the net interest income (interest income less financing costs) that is foregone as a result of relinquishing beneficial ownership of the MBS for the duration of the dollar roll (also known as “dollar roll income”). By executing a sequential series of dollar roll transactions, the Company is able to create the economic experience of investing in an agency MBS, financed with a repurchase agreement, over a period of time. Forward purchases and sales of TBA securities are accounted for as derivative instruments in the Company’s financial statements. Accordingly, dollar roll income is recognized as a component of “investment gain (loss), net” along with all other periodic changes in the fair value of TBA commitments. In addition to transacting in net long positions in TBA securities for investment purposes, the Company may also, from time to time, transact in net sale (or “net short”) positions in TBA securities for the purpose of economically hedging a portion of the sensitivity of the fair value of the Company’s investments in agency MBS to changes in interest rates. Receivables recognized for the right to reclaim cash collateral posted by the Company in respect of TBA transactions is included in the line item “deposits, net” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Liabilities recognized for the obligation to return cash collateral received by the Company in respect of TBA transactions is included in the line item “other liabilities” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. In addition to TBA transactions, the Company may, from time to time, enter into commitments to purchase or sell specified agency MBS that do not qualify as regular-way security trades. Such commitments are also accounted for as derivative instruments. Derivative Instrument Population and Fair Value The following table presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative instruments as of the dates indicated: June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities Interest rate swaps $ 5,044 $ — $ — $ (3,338 ) 5-year U.S. Treasury note futures — — — (20 ) 10-year U.S. Treasury note futures 1,422 — — (1,321 ) TBA commitments 3,455 (234 ) 763 (154 ) Total $ 9,921 $ (234 ) $ 763 $ (4,833 ) Interest Rate Swaps The Company’s interest rate swap agreements represent agreements to make semiannual interest payments based upon a fixed interest rate and receive quarterly variable interest payments based upon the prevailing three-month LIBOR on the date of reset. The following table presents information about the Company’s interest rate swap agreements that were in effect as of June 30, 2018: Weighted-average: Notional Amount Fixed Pay Rate Variable Receive Rate Net Receive (Pay) Rate Remaining Life (Years) Fair Value Years to maturity: Less than 3 years $ 1,050,000 1.53 % 2.34 % 0.81 % 2.0 $ 893 3 to less than 7 years 225,000 1.95 % 2.32 % 0.37 % 3.8 331 7 to less than 10 years 2,000,000 2.18 % 2.33 % 0.15 % 8.3 3,562 10 or more years 50,000 2.98 % 2.33 % (0.65 )% 29.7 258 Total / weighted-average $ 3,325,000 1.97 % 2.33 % 0.36 % 6.3 $ 5,044 The following table presents information about the Company’s interest rate swap agreements that were in effect as of December 31, 2017: Weighted-average: Notional Amount Fixed Pay Rate Variable Receive Rate Net Receive (Pay) Rate Remaining Life (Years) Fair Value Years to maturity: Less than 3 years $ 1,300,000 1.28 % 1.51 % 0.23 % 1.8 $ (248 ) 3 to less than 7 years 700,000 1.87 % 1.48 % (0.39 )% 3.9 (454 ) 7 to 10 years 1,600,000 1.90 % 1.55 % (0.35 )% 8.3 (2,636 ) Total / weighted-average $ 3,600,000 1.67 % 1.52 % (0.15 )% 5.1 $ (3,338 ) U.S. Treasury Note Futures The Company’s 10-year U.S. Treasury note futures held as of June 30, 2018 are short positions with an aggregate notional amount of $700,000 that mature in September 2018. Upon the maturity date of these futures contracts, the Company has the option to either net settle each contract in cash in an amount equal to the difference between the then-current fair value of the underlying 10-year U.S. Treasury note and the contractual sale price inherent to the futures contract, or to physically settle the contract by delivering the underlying 10-year U.S. Treasury note. As of December 31, 2017, the Company held short positions of 5-year and 10-year U.S. Treasury note futures with aggregate notional amounts of $21,600 and $650,000, respectively. Options on 10-year U.S. Treasury Note Futures The Company purchases and sells exchange-traded options on 10-year U.S. Treasury note futures contracts with the objective of economically hedging a portion of the sensitivity of its investments in agency MBS to significant changes in interest rates. The Company may purchase put options which provide the Company with the right to sell 10-year U.S. Treasury note futures to a counterparty, and the Company may also write call options that provide a counterparty with the option to buy 10-year U.S. Treasury note futures from the Company. In order to limit its exposure on its interest rate derivative instruments from a significant decline in long-term interest rates, the Company may also purchase contracts that provide the Company with the option to buy, or call, 10-year U.S. Treasury note futures from a counterparty. The options may be exercised at any time prior to their expiry, and if exercised, may be net settled in cash or through physical receipt or delivery of the underlying futures contracts. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had no outstanding options on 10-year U.S. Treasury note futures contracts. TBA Commitments The following tables present information about the Company’s TBA commitments as of the dates indicated: June 30, 2018 Notional Amount: Net Purchase (Sale) Commitment Contractual Forward Price Market Price Fair Value Dollar roll positions: 4.0% 30-year MBS purchase commitments $ 100,000 $ 101,406 $ 101,906 $ 500 4.5% 30-year MBS purchase commitments 900,000 934,561 936,813 2,252 5.0% 30-year MBS purchase commitments 200,000 211,203 211,906 703 4.5% 30-year MBS sale commitments (100,000 ) (103,828 ) (104,062 ) (234 ) Total TBA commitments, net $ 1,100,000 $ 1,143,342 $ 1,146,563 $ 3,221 December 31, 2017 Notional Amount: Net Purchase (Sale) Commitment Contractual Forward Price Market Price Fair Value Dollar roll positions: 3.0% 15-year MBS purchase commitments $ 250,000 $ 254,873 $ 254,766 $ (107 ) 3.5% 30-year MBS purchase commitments 1,015,000 1,041,496 1,042,212 716 Total TBA commitments, net $ 1,265,000 $ 1,296,369 $ 1,296,978 $ 609 Derivative Instrument Gains and Losses The following tables provide information about the derivative gains and losses recognized within the periods indicated: Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 2017 2018 2017 Interest rate derivatives: Interest rate swaps: Net interest income (expense) (1) $ 2,483 $ (5,293 ) $ 1,667 $ (10,702 ) Unrealized gains (losses), net 3,780 (26,991 ) 54,637 (18,824 ) Gains realized upon early termination 10,314 65 20,483 696 Total interest rate swap gains (losses), net 16,577 (32,219 ) 76,787 (28,830 ) U.S. Treasury note futures, net 6,160 (2,176 ) 18,480 (2,041 ) Options on U.S. Treasury note futures, net — (1,736 ) — (6,153 ) Total interest rate derivative gains (losses), net 22,737 (36,131 ) 95,267 (37,024 ) TBA and specified agency MBS commitments: TBA dollar roll income (2) 6,742 4,298 13,385 7,696 Other (losses) gains on agency MBS commitments, net (13,427 ) 155 (52,446 ) (45 ) Total (losses) gains on agency MBS commitments, net (6,685 ) 4,453 (39,061 ) 7,651 Total derivative gains (losses), net $ 16,052 $ (31,678 ) $ 56,206 $ (29,373 ) (1) Represents the periodic net interest settlement incurred during the period (often referred to as “net interest carry”). Also includes “price alignment interest” income earned or expense incurred on cumulative variation margin paid or received, respectively, associated with centrally cleared interest rate swap agreements. (2) Represents the price discount of forward-settling TBA purchases relative to a contemporaneously executed “spot” TBA sale, which economically equates to net interest income that is earned ratably over the period beginning on the settlement date of the sale and ending on the settlement date of the forward-settling purchase. Derivative Instrument Activity The following tables summarize the volume of activity, in terms of notional amount, related to derivative instruments for the periods indicated: For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Beginning of Period Additions Scheduled Settlements Early Terminations End of Period Interest rate swaps $ 3,525,000 $ 300,000 $ — $ (500,000 ) $ 3,325,000 10-year U.S. Treasury note futures 850,000 900,000 (1,050,000 ) — 700,000 Commitments to purchase (sell) MBS, net 1,415,000 3,865,000 (4,180,000 ) — 1,100,000 For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2017 Beginning of Period Additions Scheduled Settlements Early Terminations End of Period Interest rate swaps $ 3,600,000 $ 375,000 $ — $ (125,000 ) $ 3,850,000 10-year U.S. Treasury note futures — 608,000 (258,000 ) — 350,000 Purchased put options on 10-year U.S. Treasury note futures 700,000 100,000 (800,000 ) — — Sold call options on 10-year U.S. Treasury note futures 350,000 300,000 (650,000 ) — — Purchased call options on 10-year U.S. Treasury note futures 350,000 1,500,000 (1,150,000 ) — 700,000 Commitments to purchase (sell) MBS, net 450,000 2,865,000 (2,205,000 ) — 1,110,000 For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Beginning of Period Additions Scheduled Settlements Early Terminations End of Period Interest rate swaps $ 3,600,000 $ 550,000 $ — $ (825,000 ) $ 3,325,000 5-year U.S. Treasury note futures 21,600 — (21,600 ) — — 10-year U.S. Treasury note futures 650,000 1,850,000 (1,800,000 ) — 700,000 Commitments to purchase (sell) MBS, net 1,265,000 8,120,000 (8,285,000 ) — 1,100,000 For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 Beginning of Period Additions Scheduled Settlements Early Terminations End of Period Interest rate swaps $ 3,700,000 $ 775,000 $ — $ (625,000 ) $ 3,850,000 10-year U.S. Treasury note futures — 845,100 (495,100 ) — 350,000 Purchased put options on 10-year U.S. Treasury note futures 1,650,000 2,540,000 (4,190,000 ) — — Sold call options on 10-year U.S. Treasury note futures 1,000,000 2,450,000 (3,450,000 ) — — Purchased call options on 10-year U.S. Treasury note futures 1,000,000 2,400,000 (2,700,000 ) — 700,000 Commitments to purchase (sell) MBS, net 725,000 4,315,000 (3,930,000 ) — 1,110,000 Cash Collateral Posted for Derivative Instruments and Other Financial Instruments The following table presents information about the cash collateral posted and received by the Company in respect of its derivative and other financial instruments, which is included in the line item “deposits, net” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, for the dates indicated: June 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 Cash collateral posted for: Interest rate swaps (cash initial margin) $ 54,200 $ 46,218 U.S. Treasury note futures (cash initial margin) 7,350 6,960 Unsettled MBS trades and TBA commitments, net — 5,925 Total cash collateral posted $ 61,550 $ 59,103 |